CN218334342U - Antenna device and signal enhancement system - Google Patents
Antenna device and signal enhancement system Download PDFInfo
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- CN218334342U CN218334342U CN202222582609.7U CN202222582609U CN218334342U CN 218334342 U CN218334342 U CN 218334342U CN 202222582609 U CN202222582609 U CN 202222582609U CN 218334342 U CN218334342 U CN 218334342U
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides an antenna equipment and signal enhancement system, antenna equipment sets up on the ship, includes: an antenna array and a first controller; the antenna array comprises N antenna units, wherein the N antenna units are arranged on the same horizontal plane, each antenna unit comprises M omnidirectional radiation units, the M omnidirectional radiation units are arranged in the vertical direction of the horizontal plane, and the projections of the M omnidirectional radiation units on the horizontal plane are overlapped; m is an integer not less than 1, and N is an integer not less than 2; the first controller is connected with the antenna array and used for controlling the beam direction of the antenna array by adjusting the phase difference between the N antenna units.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of mobile communications technologies, and in particular, to an antenna apparatus and a signal enhancement system.
Background
With the development of coastal economy, the demand of deep sea coverage flow is higher and higher, but signals in deep sea areas are weaker, even no signals exist, and serious offline phenomenon occurs. In addition, as the hull of the marine passenger ship is closed, metal blocking is serious, and the attenuation of the hull is very large, so that a signal in a cabin is weak.
In order to solve the above problems, the related art employs a lens antenna instead of an original plate antenna on the base station side, and although the coverage distance is increased, the problem of coverage in the deep sea area still cannot be effectively solved, and the signal in the cabin is still weak. In the scheme, an omnidirectional antenna is arranged on a ship, wireless relay return is carried out between a client and a base station through equipment such as a repeater, a Manger treasure and the like, and signals of the base station are amplified. Although the scheme can improve signals in the cabin, the omnidirectional antenna is very large in size, and is difficult to install and fix when hung outside the cabin, and the reliability is insufficient.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, embodiments of the present application are intended to provide an antenna device and a signal enhancement system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is implemented as follows:
the embodiment of the application provides an antenna equipment, antenna equipment sets up on the ship, includes: an antenna array and a first controller; wherein,
the antenna array comprises N antenna units, wherein the N antenna units are arranged on the same horizontal plane, each antenna unit comprises M omnidirectional radiation units, the M omnidirectional radiation units are arranged in the vertical direction of the horizontal plane, and the projections of the M omnidirectional radiation units on the horizontal plane are overlapped; m is an integer not less than 1, and N is an integer not less than 2;
the first controller is connected with the antenna array and used for controlling the beam direction of the antenna array by adjusting the phase difference between the N antenna units.
The first controller comprises a combiner and a numerical control phase shifter; wherein,
each antenna unit is connected with one numerical control phase shifter, and the N antenna units are respectively connected to the combiner through the N numerical control phase shifters;
the combiner is used for combining N paths of signals output by the N numerical control phase shifters into one path;
and the numerical control phase shifter is used for controlling the phase change of the signals received or sent by the connected antenna units.
The N antenna units in the antenna array are linearly arranged, circularly arranged or squarely arranged.
Under the condition that N antenna units in the antenna array are arranged in a square shape, the distance between every two adjacent antenna units is half wavelength; the wavelength is related to the center frequency of operation of the antenna array.
Under the condition that each antenna unit comprises at least two omnidirectional radiation units in the vertical direction, the distance between two adjacent omnidirectional radiation units is half wavelength; the wavelength is related to the center frequency of operation of the antenna array.
The omnidirectional radiation unit comprises two identical cone bodies, the axes of the two cone bodies are perpendicular to the horizontal plane and are collinear, and the vertexes of the two cone bodies are connected with each other.
The embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna device, the antenna device is disposed on a ship, and includes: at least two directional antennas and a second controller; wherein,
each directional antenna can communicate with a base station antenna, and the base station is arranged on the land near the sea; the at least two directional antennas enclose a circle to cover a 360-degree area;
the second controller is connected with each directional antenna and is used for selecting a target directional antenna from the at least two directional antennas and controlling the target directional antenna to communicate with the base station antenna.
The second controller comprises at least two radio frequency switches connected in parallel, and each radio frequency switch is correspondingly connected with one directional antenna;
and the radio frequency switch is used for controlling the communication connection or disconnection between the correspondingly connected directional antenna and the base station antenna.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a signal enhancement system, including: an antenna device as described above and a signal amplification device connected to the antenna device.
Wherein the antenna device is arranged outside the cabin; the signal amplification equipment is arranged in the cabin.
The antenna equipment and the signal enhancement system that this application embodiment provided, antenna equipment sets up on the ship, includes: an antenna array and a first controller; the antenna array comprises N antenna units, wherein the N antenna units are arranged on the same horizontal plane, each antenna unit comprises M omnidirectional radiation units, the M omnidirectional radiation units are arranged in the vertical direction of the horizontal plane, and the projections of the M omnidirectional radiation units on the horizontal plane are overlapped; m is an integer not less than 1, and N is an integer not less than 2; the first controller is connected with the antenna array and used for controlling the beam direction of the antenna array by adjusting the phase difference among the N antenna units. According to the embodiment of the application, the first controller in the antenna equipment is used for adjusting the phase difference between the N antenna units in the antenna array to control the beam direction of the antenna array, so that the beam direction is aligned to the direction of the base station, the best signal is received, and the strength of the signal in the cabin is enhanced. In addition, the antenna array formed by the antenna units formed by the omnidirectional radiation units is greatly reduced in size compared with the omnidirectional antenna, and the installation difficulty is reduced. In addition, the number of the omnidirectional radiation units in the antenna units can be set based on the requirement, and the gain of the antenna is improved.
In another embodiment, a second controller in the antenna device selects a target directional antenna from the at least two directional antennas to communicate with the base station antenna, so as to achieve optimal signal reception and enhance the signal strength in the cabin. In addition, the directional antenna replaces the original omnidirectional antenna, so that the size can be reduced while the gain is improved, the installation difficulty is reduced, and the reliability is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of an antenna apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first controller according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of beam steering of the first controller according to the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of a linear arrangement of antenna elements according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of a circular arrangement of antenna elements according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 (c) is a schematic diagram of a circular-square arrangement of antenna elements according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 (a) is a schematic structural diagram of a single omnidirectional radiating element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 (b) is a simulated directional diagram of a single omnidirectional radiating element according to an embodiment of the present application
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array formed by omnidirectional radiation units and arranged in a square shape according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 (a) is an example of the present application, in which the antenna array shown in fig. 6 radiates a 3D directional pattern in the east-west direction;
fig. 7 (b) is a 3D directional diagram of the antenna array shown in fig. 6 according to the present embodiment;
fig. 8 (a) is a schematic diagram of an 8 × 5 antenna array model according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 (b) is a 3D radiation pattern of an 8 × 5 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a second schematic structural diagram of an antenna apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second controller according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an application of the signal enhancement system according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application is described below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the relevant portions of the related inventions are shown in the drawings. It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.
The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna apparatus, the antenna apparatus is arranged on a ship, as shown in fig. 1, including: an antenna array and a first controller; wherein,
the antenna array includes N antenna units (fig. 1 takes eight antenna units as an example), where the N antenna units are disposed on the same horizontal plane, each antenna unit includes M omnidirectional radiation units (fig. 1 does not show omnidirectional radiation units, and the following description is given), and the M omnidirectional radiation units are arranged in the vertical direction of the horizontal plane, and projections of the M omnidirectional radiation units on the horizontal plane are overlapped; m is an integer not less than 1, and N is an integer not less than 2;
the first controller is connected with the antenna array and used for controlling the beam direction of the antenna array by adjusting the phase difference among the N antenna units.
In practical application, the antenna array formed by the N antenna units is a directional antenna, and the coverage area of the directional antenna is related to the number of the antenna units. If N antenna elements are arranged in a central symmetry (e.g. circular or square), the more the number of the antenna elements, the narrower the formed beam; if the N antenna elements are arranged linearly, the beam is compressed more narrowly along the arrangement direction of the antenna elements. The beam direction of the antenna array is a target direction, that is, a direction of a base station, and the direction of the base station may be determined based on information fed back by the signal amplification device, which is not described in detail herein.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first controller includes a combiner and a digitally controlled phase shifter; wherein,
each antenna unit is connected with one numerical control phase shifter, and the N antenna units (eight antenna units are taken as an example in fig. 2) are respectively connected to the combiner through the N numerical control phase shifters;
the combiner is used for combining N paths of signals output by the N numerical control phase shifters into one path;
and the numerical control phase shifter is used for controlling the phase change of the signals received or sent by the connected antenna units.
In practical application, the numerical control phase shifter can obtain different phase shift changes by changing the switch state of the numerical control bit. Assuming that the phase difference of signals reaching the two antenna units is ^ phi, by changing the working state of the digital control phase shifter circuit, one path of signals is shifted by phi 1, and the other path of signals is shifted by phi 2, namely the relative phase shift ^ phi = phi 1-phi 2, so that the digital control phase shifters can form narrow beams in the required direction and achieve the purpose of beam scanning.
The phase of the signal received by each antenna element is changed by controlling the digitally controlled phase shifter so that the signal received by each antenna element in the antenna array is "perpendicular" to the target direction, and the beam steering is as shown in fig. 3. If the beam of the antenna array is to be directed at a certain angle, the problem of the magnitude of the phase shifted by each digitally controlled phase shifter is the first consideration. The phase shift formula for a single antenna element is as follows:
▽Φ＝2Π*d*sinθ/λ
as can be seen from fig. 3, in order for each antenna element to receive the same signal as the first antenna element "simultaneously", the relative angle of phase shift required for the digitally controlled phase shifter of the second antenna element is ∑ Φ, while the relative angle of phase shift required for the eighth antenna element is 7 ∑ Φ.
In one embodiment, the N antenna elements in the antenna array are arranged linearly, circularly, or squarely. As shown in fig. 4 (a), (b), and (c), eight antenna elements are used as an example.
In one embodiment, in a case that N antenna elements in the antenna array are arranged in a square, a distance between two adjacent antenna elements is half a wavelength; the wavelength is related to the center frequency of operation of the antenna array.
In practical applications, the size of the antenna is determined according to the center frequency of the antenna operation, and the wavelength and the frequency are in inverse relation, such as: wavelength (unit: meter) = speed of light/frequency, and the wavelength is different when the frequency is different. The half wavelength described here is an empirical value.
In one embodiment, in the case that each antenna unit includes at least two omnidirectional radiation units in the vertical direction, the distance between two adjacent omnidirectional radiation units is half a wavelength; the wavelength is related to the center frequency of operation of the antenna array.
In one embodiment, the omnidirectional radiation unit comprises two identical cones, the axes of the two cones being perpendicular to the horizontal plane and collinear, the apexes of the two cones being connected to each other.
When the omnidirectional radiation unit is used for simulation, the omnidirectional radiation unit is formed by reversely buckling an upper cone and a lower cone (with the same size), the simulation gain of a single omnidirectional radiation unit is about 2dBi, the half-power wave width of a vertical plane is about 80 degrees, a structural schematic diagram of the single omnidirectional radiation unit is shown in fig. 5 (a), and a simulation directional diagram of the single omnidirectional radiation unit is shown in fig. 5 (b). The two omnidirectional radiation units with half-wavelength distance can realize side-emitting arrays by in-phase excitation and end-emitting arrays by opposite-phase excitation. According to the principle, the antenna arrays which are symmetrically distributed and are separated from each other by half wavelength can realize directional radiation in any direction through certain amplitude-phase excitation. Therefore, taking a square antenna array as an example, eight omnidirectional radiation units are arranged in a square on the same plane, and the distance between adjacent omnidirectional radiation units is half a wavelength, as shown in fig. 6. Given a certain amplitude, a radiation pattern can be formed in the east-west direction (along the y-axis) as shown in fig. 7 (a), or in the north-south direction (along the x-axis), as shown in fig. 7 (b), respectively.
The simulation gain of the square antenna array is 8.1-9.4 dBi, and the horizontal half-power beam width is 35-40 degrees. On the basis of the square horizontal array formed by the eight antenna units, a vertical array is added to form a three-dimensional array, so that the antenna gain can be effectively improved. Taking five omnidirectional radiation units in the vertical direction as an example, as shown in fig. 8 (a):
the simulation gain of the 8 × 5 antenna array is 15.5-16 dBi, the horizontal half-power beam width is 35-40 °, the vertical half-power beam width is about 12 °, and the pattern is shown in fig. 8 (b). In practical application, the height of the antenna array can be set in a customized manner, and after the antenna gain and the number of the omnidirectional radiation units in the vertical direction are balanced, the appropriate height of the antenna array can be selected according to the actual scene requirements.
According to the embodiment of the application, the first controller is used for adjusting the phase difference between N antenna units in the antenna array to control the beam direction of the antenna array, so that the beam direction is aligned to the direction of the base station, the best signal is received, and the strength of the signal in the cabin is enhanced. In addition, the size of an antenna array formed by the antenna units formed by the omnidirectional radiation units is greatly reduced compared with that of an omnidirectional antenna, and the installation difficulty is reduced. In addition, the number of the omnidirectional radiation units in the antenna units can be set according to needs, and the gain of the antenna is improved.
The embodiment of the present application further provides an antenna apparatus, where the antenna apparatus is disposed on a ship, as shown in fig. 9, including: at least two directional antennas (fig. 9 takes three directional antennas as an example) and a second controller; wherein,
each directional antenna of the at least two directional antennas can communicate with a base station antenna, and the base station is arranged on the land beside the sea; the at least two directional antennas enclose a circle to cover a 360-degree area;
the second controller is connected to each of the at least two directional antennas, and is configured to select a target directional antenna from the at least two directional antennas and control the target directional antenna to communicate with the base station antenna.
In practical application, the second controller selects a target directional antenna (the beam direction of the directional antenna is aligned with the base station) from the at least two directional antennas to communicate with the base station antenna, so as to realize the best signal reception.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the second controller includes at least two (three are taken as an example in fig. 10) rf switches connected in parallel, and each rf switch is correspondingly connected to one directional antenna;
and the radio frequency switch is used for controlling the communication connection or disconnection between the correspondingly connected directional antenna and the base station antenna.
According to the embodiment of the application, the second controller selects one target directional antenna from the at least two directional antennas to communicate with the base station antenna, so that the best signal is received, and the strength of the signal in the cabin is enhanced. In addition, the directional antenna replaces the original omnidirectional antenna, so that the size can be reduced while the gain is improved, the installation difficulty is reduced, and the reliability is improved.
An embodiment of the present application further provides a signal enhancement system, as shown in fig. 11, including: the antenna device and the signal amplifying device connected with the antenna device; wherein,
the antenna device comprises the antenna device described in the above embodiments, and is not described in detail here.
In one embodiment, the antenna apparatus is disposed outside a cabin; the signal amplification equipment is arranged in the cabin.
In practical application, as shown in fig. 11, a signal is sent from the base station side within the sea surface coverage area, and the base station signal is amplified by the shipborne signal enhancement system, so as to achieve the effect of improving the signal in the cabin. The antenna equipment can automatically adjust the beam direction to align to the base station, so as to realize the receiving of the optimal signal; the signal enhancement system can amplify base station signals, can also communicate with a network (base station), and feeds back self position information and network quality to the network in real time.
It should be noted that: "first," "second," and the like are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The technical means described in the embodiments of the present application may be arbitrarily combined without conflict.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An antenna apparatus, characterized in that the antenna apparatus is provided on a ship, comprising: an antenna array and a first controller; wherein,
the antenna array comprises N antenna units, wherein the N antenna units are arranged on the same horizontal plane, each antenna unit comprises M omnidirectional radiation units, and the M omnidirectional radiation units are arranged in the vertical direction of the horizontal plane and have overlapped projections on the horizontal plane; m is an integer not less than 1, and N is an integer not less than 2;
the first controller is connected with the antenna array and used for controlling the beam direction of the antenna array by adjusting the phase difference between the N antenna units.
2. The antenna apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first controller comprises a combiner and a digitally controlled phase shifter; wherein,
each antenna unit is connected with one numerical control phase shifter, and the N antenna units are respectively connected to the combiner through the N numerical control phase shifters;
the combiner is used for combining N paths of signals output by the N numerical control phase shifters into one path;
and the numerical control phase shifter is used for controlling the phase change of the signals received or sent by the connected antenna units.
3. The antenna apparatus of claim 1, wherein the N antenna elements in the antenna array are arranged linearly, circularly, or squarely.
4. The antenna apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where N antenna elements in the antenna array are arranged in a square, a distance between adjacent two of the antenna elements is a half wavelength; the wavelength is related to the center frequency of operation of the antenna array.
5. The antenna apparatus of claim 1, wherein in a case where each antenna element includes at least two omnidirectional radiation elements in a vertical direction, a distance between adjacent two of the omnidirectional radiation elements is a half wavelength; the wavelength is related to the center frequency of operation of the antenna array.
6. The antenna apparatus of claim 1 wherein the omnidirectional radiating element comprises two identical cones having axes perpendicular to the horizontal plane and collinear, the apexes of the two cones being connected to each other.
7. An antenna apparatus, characterized in that the antenna apparatus is provided on a ship, comprising: at least two directional antennas and a second controller; wherein,
each directional antenna can communicate with a base station antenna, and the base station is arranged on the land near the sea; the at least two directional antennas enclose a circle to cover a 360-degree area;
the second controller is connected with each directional antenna and is used for selecting a target directional antenna from the at least two directional antennas and controlling the target directional antenna to communicate with the base station antenna.
8. The antenna apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second controller comprises at least two parallel rf switches, each rf switch being connected to a corresponding one of the directional antennas;
and the radio frequency switch is used for controlling the communication connection or disconnection between the directional antenna and the base station antenna which are correspondingly connected.
9. A signal enhancement system, comprising: an antenna device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 and a signal amplification device connected to the antenna device.
10. The signal enhancement system of claim 9 wherein the antenna apparatus is disposed outside of a cabin; the signal amplification equipment is arranged in the cabin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202222582609.7U CN218334342U (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Antenna device and signal enhancement system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202222582609.7U CN218334342U (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Antenna device and signal enhancement system |
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| CN218334342U true CN218334342U (en) | 2023-01-17 |
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| CN202222582609.7U Active CN218334342U (en) | 2022-09-28 | 2022-09-28 | Antenna device and signal enhancement system |
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