CN218320791U - Carbonization and activation integrated device - Google Patents
Carbonization and activation integrated device Download PDFInfo
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- CN218320791U CN218320791U CN202221903211.2U CN202221903211U CN218320791U CN 218320791 U CN218320791 U CN 218320791U CN 202221903211 U CN202221903211 U CN 202221903211U CN 218320791 U CN218320791 U CN 218320791U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a carbonization and activation integrated device, which belongs to the technical field of activated carbon preparation and comprises a vertical furnace body; the vertical furnace body is sequentially divided into a carbonization section, a transition section and an activation section from top to bottom; the carbonization section is used for carrying out carbonization reaction on the materials; the activation section is used for carrying out the activation reaction of materials. The device can realize continuous operation of carbonization and activation and reduce dust.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of activated carbon preparation, a integrative device of carbomorphism activation is specifically disclosed.
Background
The preparation of the active carbon mainly comprises two steps of carbonization and activation. The material is carbonized under the condition of high-temperature air isolation to form a macroporous and mesoporous structural material, the structural material enters an activation furnace for activation, high-temperature steam and carbon react to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the carbon monoxide and the oxygen further react to produce carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide further reacts with the carbon to form carbon monoxide, and carbon elements in the material are consumed to form smaller micropores.
CN201710515874.4 discloses a continuous high-temperature carbonization and activation integrated device and method, comprising feeding equipment; the carbonization bin is connected with the feeding equipment and is used for receiving the material from the feeding equipment and performing carbonization treatment; the activation bin is connected with the carbonization bin and is used for activating the material output by the carbonization bin; the cooling bin is connected with the activation bin and is used for cooling the material output by the activation bin; the heating equipment is arranged on the carbonization bin and the activation bin and is used for maintaining the temperature in the carbonization bin and the activation bin; the steam generating equipment is connected with the activation bin and used for providing the water vapor required by the activation treatment for the activation bin; and material conveying mechanisms are arranged in the carbonization bin and the activation bin and used for conveying the materials entering the carbonization bin and the activation bin to the material outlets of the carbonization bin and the activation bin. The interior of the carbonization bin body and the interior of the activation bin body in the device are hollow tubular and are horizontally arranged, and a spiral conveying shaft is preferably selected by the material conveying mechanism.
The above patent can realize continuous operation of carbonization and activation, but has the following problems that are not solved:
1. the materials are in contact with the high-temperature steam through stirring, the contact time is short, the contact is insufficient or part of the materials cannot be in contact with the high-temperature steam, so that the reaction is insufficient, the yield is low and the efficiency is low;
2. dust generated in the reaction process is not treated, and is easy to accumulate to block a pipeline and damage a valve group on the pipeline.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides an integrative device of carbomorphism activation to solve the background art the problem.
The carbonization-activation integrated device comprises a vertical furnace body; the vertical furnace body is sequentially divided into a carbonization section, a transition section and an activation section from top to bottom; the carbonization section is used for carrying out carbonization reaction on materials, a plurality of rows of reaction channel unit groups are longitudinally arranged, and a plurality of carbonization gas channels are sequentially arranged between two adjacent rows of reaction channel unit groups from top to bottom in a vertical direction; each row of reaction channel unit group comprises a plurality of groups of reaction channels I which are connected transversely; each group of reaction channels I comprises a material channel I and a raw gas channel which are transversely connected, the material channel I and the raw gas channel are vertically communicated, and a plurality of transverse channels I are arranged between the material channel I and the raw gas channel; the upper end of the material channel is a feed inlet, and the lower end of the material channel is a discharge outlet; the upper end of the raw gas channel is provided with an exhaust port which is connected with a raw gas recovery pipe; the carbonization gas channel is transversely arranged, and the two ends of the carbonization gas channel are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; transition passages which correspond to the reaction passages I one by one are arranged in the transition section; the activation section is used for performing activation reaction on materials and is provided with reaction channels II which correspond to the transition channels one by one, and each reaction channel II comprises a material channel II and an activation air inlet channel and an activation air outlet channel which are arranged on two sides of the material channel II; the material channel II is vertically communicated, the upper end of the material channel II is provided with a feeding hole, and the lower end of the material channel II is provided with a discharging hole; the upper end of the activation air inlet channel is closed, the lower end of the activation air inlet channel is provided with an air inlet, and a plurality of transverse channels II are arranged between the activation air inlet channel and the material channel II; the upper end of the activation exhaust channel is an exhaust port, the lower end of the activation exhaust channel is closed, and a plurality of transverse channels III are arranged between the activation exhaust channel and the material channel II.
Further, the carbonization-activation integrated device also comprises a draught fan I; a carbonization flue gas outlet and a carbonization combustion chamber are arranged on the furnace wall of the vertical furnace body, and the space between the furnace top and the carbonization section is a preheating section; the raw gas recovery pipe penetrates through the furnace wall corresponding to the preheating section, a plurality of branch pipes are separated from the pipeline positioned in the vertical furnace body and are respectively connected with the plurality of raw gas channels one by one, and the pipeline positioned outside the vertical furnace body is connected with the gas inlet of the carbonization combustion chamber; the exhaust port of the carbonization combustion chamber is respectively communicated with the air inlets of the carbonization gas channels, the air outlets of the carbonization gas channels are communicated with the carbonization flue gas exhaust port, and the carbonization flue gas exhaust port is connected with the air inlet of the induced draft fan I.
Furthermore, the carbonization-activation integrated device also comprises an activation incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a preheater, an induced draft fan II, a water feed pump and a heat storage chamber; the furnace wall of the vertical furnace body is also provided with an activated flue gas outlet and a mixed flue gas inlet; the air inlets of the multiple activation air inlet channels are communicated with the mixed flue gas inlet, the air outlets of the multiple activation air outlet channels are communicated with the activation flue gas outlet, the activation flue gas outlet is connected with the air inlet of the activation incinerator, the air outlet of the activation incinerator is connected with the heating gas inlet of the waste heat boiler, the heating gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with the heating gas inlet of the preheater, and the heating gas outlet of the preheater is connected with the air inlet of the induced draft fan II; the water outlet of the water feeding pump is connected with the water inlet of the preheater, the water outlet of the preheater is connected with the water inlet of the waste heat boiler, and the saturated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with the saturated steam inlet of the heat storage chamber; the pipeline of the crude gas recovery pipe outside the vertical furnace body is divided into two branch pipes which are respectively connected with the gas inlet of the carbonization combustion chamber and the crude gas inlet of the regenerator; a burner for igniting the raw gas and the saturated steam is arranged in the heat storage chamber, and a mixed flue gas outlet of the heat storage chamber is connected with a mixed flue gas inlet of the vertical furnace body.
Furthermore, a cooling section is arranged between the furnace bottom and the activation section of the vertical furnace body, and a cooling channel corresponding to the material channel II is arranged in the cooling section.
Furthermore, a cooling discharge chamber is arranged at the bottom of the vertical furnace body; a plurality of water-cooled tubes are arranged in the cooling discharge chamber, the space between every two adjacent water-cooled tubes is a cooling discharge space, and the cooling discharge space is positioned below the cooling channel.
Further, the bottom of the cooling discharge chamber is provided with a discharge assembly and a collection chamber.
Furthermore, the carbonization section, the activation section and the cooling section are built by refractory hollow bricks.
Furthermore, the space between the furnace wall of the vertical furnace body and the activation section is divided into a plurality of gas return channels, and air supplementing pipes are arranged on the furnace wall corresponding to the gas return channels.
Furthermore, a feeding device communicated with the preheating section is arranged at the top of the vertical furnace body.
Furthermore, the bottom of the vertical furnace body is supported by a bracket, so that the bottom end of the collecting chamber is suspended.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1. the carbonization-activation integrated device can realize continuous operation of carbonization and activation, and discharge and feed are continuous, so that the materials are directly activated under the condition of keeping high temperature of the materials after the carbonization process is finished, and the operation flow is reduced;
2. the carbonization gas in the carbonization gas channel provides a high-temperature environment, so that materials are carbonized in the process of moving downwards along the material channel I and enter the transition channel, the continuously downward moving carbonization materials form a material seal in the transition channel, tiny dust generated by carbonization of the materials in the material channel I is blocked by the material seal and is difficult to move downwards, the tiny dust passes through the transverse channel I and enters the raw gas channel, the tiny dust continuously moves upwards and enters the raw gas recovery pipe, the dust is reduced, the situation that the pipeline is blocked by the transition section and the activation section is avoided, and large-particle dust generated by carbonization of the materials in the material channel I moves downwards along with the carbonization materials, passes through the transition section and the activation section, is screened together with the activation materials and then is separated;
3. the material channel II, the activation air inlet channel and the activation exhaust channel are arranged to force the activation gas to pass through the material, so that the material channel II, the activation air inlet channel and the activation exhaust channel are in full contact, the carbonization-activation reaction is more effective, and the quality, the yield and the efficiency of the product are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a carbonization-activation integrated apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the material and gas in the carbonization section;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the process of activated gas and material breakthrough in the activation section.
Icon: a vertical furnace body 1; a carbonization section 2; a transition section 3; an activation section 4; a carbonization gas passage 5; a material channel I6; a raw gas channel 7; a transverse channel I8; a raw gas recovery pipe 9; a material channel II 10; the activation intake passage 11; the activation exhaust passage 12; a draught fan I13; a carbonization flue gas discharge port 14; a carbonization combustion chamber 15; a preheating section 16; a waste heat boiler 17; a preheater 18; a draught fan II 19; a feed pump 20; an activated flue gas exhaust port 21; a mixed flue gas inlet 22; a regenerative chamber 23; a cooling section 24; a cooling discharge chamber 25; an air supply pipe 26; an activation incinerator 27; the material movement direction 101; the raw gas movement direction 102; the activated gas movement direction 103.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a carbonization and activation integrated device, which comprises a vertical furnace body 1; the vertical furnace body 1 is internally divided into a carbonization section 2, a transition section 3 and an activation section 4 from top to bottom in sequence.
The carbonization section 2 is used for carrying out carbonization reaction of materials, a plurality of rows of reaction channel unit groups are longitudinally arranged, and a plurality of carbonization gas channels 5 are sequentially arranged between two adjacent rows of reaction channel unit groups from top to bottom vertically; each row of reaction channel unit group comprises a plurality of groups of reaction channels I which are connected transversely; each group of reaction channels I comprises a material channel I6 and a raw gas channel 7 which are transversely connected, the material channel I6 and the raw gas channel 7 are vertically communicated, and a plurality of transverse channels I8 are arranged between the material channel I6 and the raw gas channel 7; the upper end of the material channel I6 is a feeding hole, and the lower end of the material channel I is a discharging hole; the upper end of the raw gas channel 7 is provided with an exhaust port which is connected with a raw gas recovery pipe 9; the carbonization gas channel 5 is transversely arranged, and the two ends of the carbonization gas channel are respectively provided with an air inlet and an air outlet.
Transition passages corresponding to the reaction passages I one by one are arranged in the transition section 3.
The activation section 4 is used for performing activation reaction on materials, and is provided with reaction channels II which correspond to the transition channels one by one, and each reaction channel II comprises a material channel II 10, and an activation air inlet channel 11 and an activation air outlet channel 12 which are arranged on two sides of the material channel II 10; the material channel II 10 is vertically communicated, the upper end of the material channel II is provided with a feeding hole, and the lower end of the material channel II is provided with a discharging hole; the upper end of the activation air inlet channel 11 is closed, the lower end of the activation air inlet channel is provided with an air inlet, and a plurality of transverse channels II are arranged between the activation air inlet channel 11 and the material channel II 10; the upper end of the activation exhaust channel 12 is an exhaust port, the lower end of the activation exhaust channel is closed, and a plurality of transverse channels III are arranged between the activation exhaust channel 12 and the material channel II 10.
The carbonized gas in the carbonized gas channel 5 provides a high-temperature environment, so that the materials are carbonized in the process of moving downwards along the material channel I6, enter the transition channel, the carbonized materials moving downwards continuously form material seals in the transition channel, the tiny dust generated by material carbonization in the material channel I6 is blocked by the material seals and is difficult to move downwards, then the tiny dust passes through the transverse channel I8, enters the raw coke oven gas channel 7, moves upwards continuously and enters the raw coke oven gas recovery pipe 9, the situation that the materials enter the transition section 3 and the activation section 4 to block the pipeline is avoided, and the large-particle dust generated by material carbonization in the material channel I6 moves downwards along with the carbonized materials, passes through the transition section 3 and the activation section 4, and is separated from the activated materials after being screened. The carbonized material moves from top to bottom in the material channel II 10, the activated gas enters from the air inlet of the activated air inlet channel 11, moves upwards along the activated air inlet channel 11, and simultaneously transversely and forcibly passes through the material channel II 10 through a plurality of transverse channels II to realize forced contact, and then enters the activated exhaust channel 12 through a plurality of transverse channels III to continue moving upwards to be discharged from the exhaust port.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a carbonization-activation integrated device, which further comprises an induced draft fan I13 on the basis of the embodiment 1; a carbonization flue gas outlet 14 and a carbonization combustion chamber 15 are arranged on the wall of the vertical furnace body 1, and a preheating section 16 is arranged in the space between the furnace top and the carbonization section 2; the raw gas recovery pipe 9 penetrates through the furnace wall corresponding to the preheating section 16, a plurality of branch pipes branched from the pipeline positioned in the vertical furnace body 1 are respectively connected with the raw gas channels 7 one by one, and the pipeline positioned outside the vertical furnace body 1 is connected with the gas inlet of the carbonization combustion chamber 15; the exhaust port of the carbonization combustion chamber 15 is respectively communicated with the air inlets of the plurality of carbonization gas channels 5, the air outlets of the plurality of carbonization gas channels 5 are respectively communicated with the carbonization flue gas exhaust port 14, and the carbonization flue gas exhaust port 14 is connected with the air inlet of the induced draft fan I13. And the circulation of gas in the carbonization reaction is realized through the induced draft fan I13.
Further, the carbonization-activation integrated device also comprises an activation incinerator 27, a waste heat boiler 17, a preheater 18, an induced draft fan II 19, a feed pump 20 and a regenerator 23; the furnace wall of the vertical furnace body 1 is also provided with an activated flue gas outlet 21 and a mixed flue gas inlet 22; the air inlets of the multiple activation air inlet channels 11 are communicated with the mixed flue gas inlet 22, the air outlets of the multiple activation air outlet channels 12 are communicated with the activation flue gas outlet 21, the activation flue gas outlet 21 is connected with the air inlet of the activation incinerator 27, the air outlet of the activation incinerator 27 is connected with the heating gas inlet of the waste heat boiler 17, the heating gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 17 is connected with the heating gas inlet of the preheater 18, and the heating gas outlet of the preheater 18 is connected with the air inlet of the induced draft fan II 19; the water outlet of the water feeding pump 20 is connected with the water inlet of the preheater 18, the water outlet of the preheater 18 is connected with the water inlet of the waste heat boiler 17, and the saturated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler 17 is connected with the saturated steam inlet of the heat storage chamber 23; the pipeline of the crude gas recovery pipe 9 outside the vertical furnace body 1 is divided into two branch pipes which are respectively connected with the gas inlet of the carbonization combustion chamber 15 and the crude gas inlet of the regenerator 23; a burner for igniting the raw gas and the saturated steam is arranged in the heat storage chamber 23, the saturated steam is heated into superheated steam, the mixed flue gas after combustion is used as activated gas, and a mixed flue gas outlet of the heat storage chamber 23 is connected with the mixed flue gas inlet 22. And the circulation of gas in the activation reaction is realized by the induced draft fan II 19.
Example 3
This embodiment provides a carbonization-activation integrated device, and on the basis of embodiment 1, a cooling section 24 is arranged between the furnace bottom of the vertical furnace body 1 and the activation section 4, and a cooling channel corresponding to the material channel ii 10 is arranged in the cooling section 24. The activated material is naturally cooled in the cooling section 24.
Further, a cooling discharge chamber 25 is arranged at the bottom of the vertical furnace body 1; a plurality of water-cooled tubes are arranged in the cooling discharge chamber 25, the space between two adjacent water-cooled tubes is a cooling discharge space, and the cooling discharge space is positioned below the cooling channel.
Further, the bottom of the cooling discharge chamber 25 is provided with a discharge assembly and a collection chamber, and the discharge assembly is used for controlling the discharge speed and the discharge amount.
Further, the carbonization section 2, the activation section 4 and the cooling section 24 are all built by refractory hollow bricks.
Further, the space between the furnace wall of the vertical furnace body 1 and the activation section 4 is divided into a plurality of gas return passages, and the furnace wall corresponding to the gas return passages is provided with an air supply duct 26. The activation section 4 built by the refractory hollow bricks is not of a complete closed structure, and part of gas enters the gas return channel, and the part of gas is combustible gas, and the air is supplemented by the air supplementing pipe 26 to ignite the combustible gas, so that heat can be provided for the vertical furnace body 1.
Further, a feeding device communicated with the preheating section 16 is arranged at the top of the vertical furnace body 1.
Furthermore, the bottom of the vertical furnace body 1 is supported by a bracket, so that the bottom end of the collecting chamber is suspended.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A carbonization and activation integrated device comprises a vertical furnace body;
the vertical furnace is characterized in that the vertical furnace body is sequentially divided into a carbonization section, a transition section and an activation section from top to bottom;
the carbonization section is used for carrying out carbonization reaction on materials, a plurality of rows of reaction channel unit groups are longitudinally arranged, and a plurality of carbonization gas channels are sequentially arranged between two adjacent rows of reaction channel unit groups from top to bottom in a vertical direction;
each row of reaction channel unit group comprises a plurality of groups of reaction channels I which are connected transversely;
each group of reaction channels I comprises a material channel I and a raw gas channel which are transversely connected, the material channel I and the raw gas channel are vertically communicated, and a plurality of transverse channels I are arranged between the material channel I and the raw gas channel;
the upper end of the material channel is a feeding hole, and the lower end of the material channel is a discharging hole;
the upper end of the raw gas channel is provided with an exhaust port, and the exhaust port is connected with a raw gas recovery pipe;
the carbonization gas channel is transversely arranged, and the two ends of the carbonization gas channel are respectively provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet;
transition channels which correspond to the reaction channels I one to one are arranged in the transition section;
the activation section is used for performing activation reaction on materials and is provided with reaction channels II which correspond to the transition channels one by one, and each reaction channel II comprises a material channel II and an activation air inlet channel and an activation air outlet channel which are arranged on two sides of the material channel II;
the material channel II is vertically communicated, the upper end of the material channel II is provided with a feeding hole, and the lower end of the material channel II is provided with a discharging hole;
the upper end of the activation air inlet channel is closed, the lower end of the activation air inlet channel is provided with an air inlet, and a plurality of transverse channels II are arranged between the activation air inlet channel and the material channel II;
the upper end of the activation exhaust channel is an exhaust port, the lower end of the activation exhaust channel is closed, and a plurality of transverse channels III are arranged between the activation exhaust channel and the material channel II.
2. A carbonization-activation integrated device according to claim 1, further comprising an induced draft fan i;
a carbonization flue gas outlet and a carbonization combustion chamber are arranged on the furnace wall of the vertical furnace body, and a space between the furnace top and the carbonization section is a preheating section;
the raw gas recovery pipe penetrates through the furnace wall corresponding to the preheating section, a plurality of branch pipes are divided from the pipeline positioned in the vertical furnace body and are respectively connected with a plurality of raw gas channels one by one, and the pipeline positioned outside the vertical furnace body is connected with the gas inlet of the carbonization combustion chamber;
the exhaust port of the carbonization combustion chamber is respectively communicated with the air inlets of the plurality of carbonization gas channels, the air outlets of the plurality of carbonization gas channels are communicated with the carbonization flue gas outlet, and the carbonization flue gas outlet is connected with the air inlet of the induced draft fan I.
3. A carbonization-activation integrated device according to claim 2, further comprising an activation incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a preheater, an induced draft fan II, a feed water pump and a regenerator;
the furnace wall of the vertical furnace body is also provided with an activated flue gas outlet and a mixed flue gas inlet;
the air inlets of the multiple activation air inlet channels are communicated with the mixed flue gas inlet, the air outlets of the multiple activation air outlet channels are communicated with the activation flue gas outlet, the activation flue gas outlet is connected with the air inlet of the activation incinerator, the air outlet of the activation incinerator is connected with the heating gas inlet of the waste heat boiler, the heating gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with the heating gas inlet of the preheater, and the heating gas outlet of the preheater is connected with the air inlet of the induced draft fan II;
the water outlet of the water feeding pump is connected with the water inlet of the preheater, the water outlet of the preheater is connected with the water inlet of the waste heat boiler, and the saturated steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected with the saturated steam inlet of the regenerator;
the pipeline of the crude gas recovery pipe outside the vertical furnace body is divided into two branch pipes which are respectively connected with the gas inlet of the carbonization combustion chamber and the crude gas inlet of the regenerator;
and a combustor for igniting the raw gas and the saturated steam is arranged in the heat storage chamber, and a mixed flue gas outlet of the heat storage chamber is connected with a mixed flue gas inlet of the vertical furnace body.
4. A carbonization-activation integrated device as claimed in claim 3, wherein a cooling section is provided between the furnace bottom of the vertical furnace body and the activation section, and a cooling channel corresponding to the material channel II is provided in the cooling section.
5. A carbonization-activation integrated device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bottom of the vertical furnace body is provided with a cooling discharge chamber;
a plurality of water-cooling pipes are arranged in the cooling discharge chamber, the space between every two adjacent water-cooling pipes is a cooling discharge space, and the cooling discharge space is positioned below the cooling channel.
6. A carbonization-activation integrated device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the bottom of the cooling discharge chamber is provided with a discharge assembly and a collection chamber.
7. A carbonization-activation integrated device according to claim 4, wherein the carbonization section, the activation section and the cooling section are built by refractory hollow bricks.
8. A carbonization-activation integrated apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the space between the furnace wall of the vertical furnace body and the activation section is divided into a plurality of gas returning passages, and a plurality of air supply pipes are provided on the furnace wall corresponding to the gas returning passages.
9. A carbonization-activation integrated device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the top of the vertical furnace body is provided with a feeding device communicated with the preheating section.
10. A carbonization and activation integrated device according to claim 9, wherein the bottom of the vertical furnace body is supported by a support, so that the bottom end of the collection chamber is suspended.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221903211.2U CN218320791U (en) | 2022-07-23 | 2022-07-23 | Carbonization and activation integrated device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202221903211.2U CN218320791U (en) | 2022-07-23 | 2022-07-23 | Carbonization and activation integrated device |
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| CN218320791U true CN218320791U (en) | 2023-01-17 |
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| CN202221903211.2U Active CN218320791U (en) | 2022-07-23 | 2022-07-23 | Carbonization and activation integrated device |
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