CN217820129U - Gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device - Google Patents
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- CN217820129U CN217820129U CN202221979128.3U CN202221979128U CN217820129U CN 217820129 U CN217820129 U CN 217820129U CN 202221979128 U CN202221979128 U CN 202221979128U CN 217820129 U CN217820129 U CN 217820129U
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of measurement, and discloses a gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device, the device includes: a gas line; the heat tracing system is wrapped on the outer wall of the gas pipeline; a first pressure regulator, a thermal flowmeter, a Coriolis flowmeter, and a second pressure regulator are connected in series in the gas pipeline in the gas flow direction. The device is provided with a thermal flowmeter and a Coriolis flowmeter which are connected in series in front and back on a gas pipeline, and can accurately measure the constant pressure specific heat capacity of gas through the combination of the two flowmeters under the control of temperature and pressure of a heat tracing system and a pressure regulator, particularly the constant pressure specific heat capacity of gas mixture with unknown components or compositions, and has the advantages of accurate measurement result, low cost, rapidness and convenience.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a measure technical field, especially relate to a gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device.
Background
The specific heat capacity of a substance is not only an important parameter for describing the thermodynamic property of the substance, but also characteristic data closely related to the structure of the substance, has important significance on scientific research, engineering calculation and thermodynamic analysis, is a basic physical property parameter of the substance and necessary data for carrying out related calculation, and therefore, the measurement of the specific heat capacity of the substance is one of the basic measurements of thermodynamics. Because the constant-pressure specific heat capacity is most widely applied in engineering and the constant-pressure process is easy to realize in experiments, the specific heat capacity of the fluid is generally measured by the constant-pressure specific heat capacity.
At present, for gas mixtures with known compositions and simple gas purifications and partial components, the specific heat capacity values can be referred to documents, such as physical property handbooks, NIST Chemistry WebBook and the like, and physical property analysis data of Aspen plus; for the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of a gas mixture with complex components and known composition or a gas which is not reported in the literature, the specific heat capacity value can only refer to the physical property analysis data of Aspen plus. However, in all the above cases, the precise specific heat capacity value can only be obtained by experimental measurement, and especially for the specific heat capacity of a gas mixture with unknown composition, the value cannot be referred to, and can only be obtained by experimental measurement.
The measurement principle of specific heat capacity is the same as that defined in thermodynamics, i.e., the amount of heat absorbed or released per unit mass of substance changing per unit temperature is measured by a calorimeter. The commercial CALVET (Calvin) 3D specific heat sensor is based on a well-designed micro calorimeter, can realize very high sensitivity and precision for measuring the specific heat capacity of a substance, but is only suitable for measuring the specific heat capacity of liquid and solid and is not suitable for measuring the specific heat capacity of gas.
Therefore, how to accurately measure the specific heat capacity of the gas at the constant pressure is a technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model aims at providing a gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device can accurate measurement gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity. The specific scheme is as follows:
a gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device comprises:
a gas line;
a heat tracing system wrapped on the outer wall of the gas pipeline;
and a first pressure regulator, a thermal flowmeter, a Coriolis flowmeter and a second pressure regulator are sequentially connected in series on the gas pipeline according to the gas flow direction.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned device for measuring a constant-pressure specific heat capacity of a gas provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the thermal flowmeter includes:
a detection tube connected to the gas line;
the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are positioned at two ends in the detection pipe;
a heater located at the middle position inside the detection tube;
a temperature difference detector connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, respectively;
and the flow transmitter is connected with the temperature difference detector.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the coriolis flowmeter includes a flow measuring component and a density measuring component.
Preferably, in the above-mentioned gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the coriolis flowmeter is a U-shaped vibrating tube coriolis flowmeter.
Preferably, in the device for measuring a specific heat capacity at a constant gas pressure provided by an embodiment of the present invention, a response time of the thermal flowmeter is less than 0.1 second, and a lower limit of flow detection is 50 mg/hr;
the response time of the Coriolis flowmeter is less than 0.1 second, and the lower limit of flow detection is 50The lower limit of the density detection is 0.3 kg.m in mg/hr -3 。
Preferably, in the device for measuring the specific heat capacity at a constant pressure for gas provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the heat tracing system is a system for performing direct or indirect heat exchange with the inside of the pipeline through a heat tracing medium.
According to the above technical scheme, the utility model provides a gaseous level pressure specific heat capacity measuring device, include: a gas line; the heat tracing system is wrapped on the outer wall of the gas pipeline; a first pressure regulator, a thermal flowmeter, a Coriolis flowmeter, and a second pressure regulator are connected in series in the gas pipeline in the gas flow direction.
The utility model provides an above-mentioned gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device, it has hot type flowmeter and Coriolis flowmeter to establish ties around on the gas pipeline, carries out under the control of temperature and pressure at heat tracing system and pressure regulator, but through the gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity of the joint accurate measurement of above-mentioned two kinds of flowmeters, especially to composition or constitute unknown gas mixture's constant pressure specific heat capacity and measure, have that the measuring result is accurate, with low costs, quick convenient advantage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or the related art, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal flowmeter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a coriolis flow meter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of a measuring method of the device for measuring specific heat capacity at constant pressure of gas provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides a gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device, as shown in figure 1, include:
a gas line 1;
a heat tracing system 2 wrapped on the outer wall of the gas pipeline 1;
a first pressure regulator 3, a thermal flow meter 4, a coriolis flow meter 5, and a second pressure regulator 6 are connected in series in the gas flow direction in the gas line 1.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an among the above-mentioned gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device, it has thermal type flowmeter 4 and coriolis flowmeter 5 to establish ties around on gas pipeline 1, carry out under the control of temperature and pressure at heat tracing system 2, first pressure regulator 3 and second pressure regulator 6, but through the combination accurate measurement gas constant pressure specific heat capacity of above-mentioned two kinds of flowmeters, especially to composition or constitute unknown gas mixture's constant pressure specific heat capacity and measure, have that the measuring result is accurate, with low costs, quick convenient advantage.
Further, in specific implementation, in the above-mentioned gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measurement device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, thermal flowmeter 4 is an apparatus having a flow measurement component, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, thermal flowmeter 4 may include:
a detection pipe 41 connected to the gas line 1; the gas A to be tested in the gas pipeline 1 can be input and output from the detection pipe 41;
a first temperature sensor 42 and a second temperature sensor 43 located at both ends inside the sensing tube 41;
a heater 44 located at an intermediate position inside the detection tube 41;
a temperature difference detector 45 connected to the first temperature sensor 42 and the second temperature sensor 43, respectively;
and a flow transmitter 46 connected to the temperature difference detector 45.
The utility model discloses a thermal type flowmeter 4 has very short response time, very high precision. Specifically, the response time of the thermal flow meter 4 is less than 0.1 second, the flow measurement error is less than ± 0.15%, and the lower limit of flow detection is 50 mg/hr.
In specific implementation, in the above-mentioned gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the coriolis flowmeter 5 includes a flow measuring component and a density measuring component. The flow rate and density measurement principle of the coriolis flowmeter 5 is as follows: all coriolis flowmeters 5 are based on the principle that when a fluid flows through a vibrating tube, coriolis force proportional to mass flow is generated, and thus high-precision direct mass flow measurement is achieved in the true sense. Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, coriolis flowmeter 5 is a U-shaped vibrating tube coriolis flowmeter.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the flow, density measurement and flow control principle of a U-shaped vibrating tube coriolis flowmeter, in which 51 is a U-shaped flow measurement tube, 52 is an electromagnetic sensor, 53 is an electromagnetic detector, 54 is a flow transmitter, 55 is a driver, and 56 is a fluid force. In a U-shaped vibrating tube coriolis flowmeter, the driven measurement tube 51 vibrates up and down in a sinusoidal manner, and the electromagnetic sensor 52 can output a signal representing the sinusoidal motion of the measurement tube 51. When the gas a to be measured passes through the measuring tube 51, coriolis force is generated to deform the front and rear halves of the midpoint of the measuring tube 51 in opposite directions, which results in a time difference Δ t (sinusoidal motion signal phase difference) between the two sensors 52, and when the mass flow rate increases, the degree of deformation of the measuring tube 51 increases, and the time difference between the two sensors 52 increases.
The coriolis flowmeter 5 of the present invention has a short response time and a high accuracy. Specifically, the response time of the coriolis flowmeter 5 is less than 0.1 second, and the flow measurement error isThe difference is less than plus or minus 0.15 percent, the lower limit of flow detection is 50 mg/hour, the error of density measurement is less than plus or minus 0.1 percent, and the lower limit of density detection is 0.3 kg.m -3 。
In the specific implementation, in the above-mentioned gas constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the heat tracing system 2 is a system for performing direct or indirect heat exchange with the inside of the pipeline through a heat tracing medium. The first pressure regulator 3 is a device having a post-regulator pressure regulating assembly. The second pressure regulator 6 is a device having a pre-regulator pressure regulating assembly. The utility model discloses in, heat tracing system 2 carries out temperature control to gas pipeline 1, and the cooperation of first pressure regulator 3 before thermal type flowmeter 4 simultaneously and second pressure regulator 6 behind coriolis flowmeter 5 is used, ensures that gas temperature, pressure maintain invariably at the setting value in the gas pipeline 1.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an above-mentioned gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device's measuring method, as shown in FIG. 4, specifically include following step:
s401, controlling the temperature of the gas pipeline by adopting a heat tracing system, and controlling the pressure of the gas pipeline by adopting a first pressure regulator and a second pressure regulator;
s402, when the temperature and the pressure of the gas to be measured in the gas pipeline are in a measuring state, controlling the gas to be measured to enter the thermal flowmeter and the Coriolis flowmeter, and recording the volume flow readings of the thermal flowmeter and the Coriolis flowmeter;
s403, when the temperature and the pressure of the gas to be measured in the gas pipeline are in a standard state, controlling the gas to be measured to enter the thermal flowmeter and the Coriolis flowmeter, and recording the density flow reading of the Coriolis flowmeter;
and S404, determining the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the measured gas in the measuring state according to the recorded volume flow readings of the thermal flowmeter and the Coriolis flowmeter and the density flow reading of the Coriolis flowmeter.
The embodiment of the utility model provides an among the above-mentioned gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device 'S that provides measuring method, can be through carrying out above-mentioned step S401 to S404, the gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity of accurate measurement, especially to the composition or constitute unknown gas mixture' S constant pressure specific heat capacity measurement, have that the measuring result is accurate, with low costs, quick convenient advantage.
In practical applications, the standard condition may be a temperature of 273.15K and a pressure of 101.325 kPa.
Further, in the implementation, when step S404 is executed, the following formula may be adopted to determine the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the measured gas in the measurement state:
wherein T is the temperature of the measured gas in the measuring state, and P is the pressure of the measured gas in the measuring state; t is 0 Is the temperature of the measured gas in the standard state, P 0 The pressure of the measured gas in a standard state is measured; c. C p The specific heat capacity under constant pressure of the measured gas in a measuring state (T, P) is expressed in J.K -1 ·kg -1 ；
In step S402, the thermal flowmeter uses the calibration gas as (T) 0 ，P 0 ) Standard volumetric flow reading with the lower baseline; q C A volumetric flow reading of the coriolis flow meter at step S402; c M The molar constant pressure heat capacity of the calibration gas in the measured state (T, P) is expressed in J.K -1 ·mol -1 Values which can be obtained by Pure component physical Analysis (Properties-Analysis-Pure Analysis) of Aspen Plus; v m Is in a gas standard state (T) 0 ，P 0 ) The molar volume of (A) is 22.4141 L.mol -1 ；
The density reading of the coriolis flowmeter in g · L at step S403 -1 。
Specifically, taking fig. 2 as an example, the measurement principle of the thermal flowmeter is as follows: when a fluid (such as a gas A to be detected) passes through a section of high-temperature flow channel (such as the detection tube 41) heated by constant power, a temperature difference is generated between the upstream detector and the downstream detector of the flow channel, and a linear relation exists between the product of the heat capacity and the flow speed of the fluid and the temperature difference at two ends of the flow channel, namely:
ΔT＝T 2 -T 1 ＝A·P·c p ·Q m (2)
wherein, delta T is the temperature difference at two ends of the high-temperature flow channel; c. C p Is the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the gas; p is the heating power of the runner; a is a proportionality constant; q m Is the mass flow rate of the fluid.
When the measured gas is not the calibration gas of the flowmeter, the heat tracing system and the pressure regulator control the temperature and the pressure of the gas pipeline, and the temperature and the pressure of the measured gas in the pipeline are in a measuring state (T, P), the thermal flowmeter has the following flow conversion relation:
wherein (T) 0 ，P 0 ) Is a standard state of gas, and the standard state selected by the utility model is (273.15K, 101.325kPa);
is that the measured gas is in (T) 0 ，P 0 ) True standard volumetric flow rate;
is a thermal flowmeter for calibrating gas in (T) 0 ，P 0 ) Standard volumetric flow reading with the lower as the benchmark; c is the molar constant pressure heat capacity of the measured gas in the measured state (T, P), C M Is the molar constant pressure heat capacity of the calibration gas in the measured state (T, P).
In the case of the U-shaped vibrating tube coriolis flowmeter shown in fig. 3, the mass flow rate is determined by the following equation:
Q m ＝k·Δt (4)
wherein Q m For mass flow, k is the flow calibration coefficient and Δ t is the time difference, thus achieving direct measurement of mass flow. The mass is a constant and is not influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, viscosity, specific heat capacity and the like, so the measured mass flow is the real mass flow of the gas, the temperature and the pressure are not required to be corrected, and the high-precision mass flow measurement is really realized. Meanwhile, the measuring tube vibrates at a natural frequency, the mass flow of the fluid is changed due to the change of the density of the fluid, the frequency of a signal output by the detector is changed, the density rho of the fluid can be determined by measuring the frequency of the signal output by the detector, and the volume flow Q of the fluid is obtained V . In summary, there are:
Q C ＝Q V(T,P) (5)
wherein Q is C Is the volumetric flow reading, Q, of the Coriolis flowmeter V(T,P) Is the true volume flow of the measured gas under the condition of the measuring state (T, P).
When the temperature is not too low (not lower than minus tens of centigrade) and the pressure is not too large (not more than several times the atmospheric pressure), various gases and their mixtures can be approximately regarded as ideal gases, so that there are:
from the formulae (3) and (6), the molar constant pressure heat capacity C of the gas to be measured in the measured state (T, P) can be obtained in J.K -1 ·mol -1 ：
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the ratio of the volumetric flow readings, C, of the thermal flowmeter to the Coriolis flowmeter M The thermal flowmeter calibrates the mole constant pressure heat capacity of gas under the measuring state (T, P), and its value can beObtained by Pure component physical Analysis (Properties-Analysis-Pure Analysis) of Aspen Plus.
When the heat tracing system and the pressure regulator control the temperature and the pressure of the gas pipeline, the temperature and the pressure of the gas to be measured in the pipeline are in a standard state (T) 0 ，P 0 ) While the Coriolis flowmeter measures the measured gas (T) 0 ，P 0 ) Lower density
The molar mass of the gas to be measured is:
wherein M is the molar mass of the gas to be measured and has the unit of g.mol -1 ；V m Is a gas standard state (T) 0 ，P 0 ) The molar volume of (A) is 22.4141 L.mol -1 . Thus, the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the measured gas in the measurement state (T, P) is as follows:
wherein, c p Is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the measured gas under the measuring state (T, P). In summary, the ratio of the volumetric flow readings from the thermal flow meter to the coriolis flow meter
Thermal flowmeter for calibrating molar constant pressure heat capacity C of gas under measurement state (T, P) M The measured gas measured by the Coriolis flowmeter is in a standard state (T) 0 ，P 0 ) Lower density
The constant pressure specific heat capacity c of the measured gas under the measuring state (T, P) can be calculated p 。
The following description will be made of the measurement result of the gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measurement device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, taking the measurement of the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of ethylene (the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of ethylene is known) as an example, and the specific steps are as follows:
step one, ethylene passes through with the constant velocity of flow the utility model discloses a gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device carries out temperature and pressure control to gas pipeline through heat tracing system, first pressure regulator and second pressure regulator, and gas is in 60 ℃, 1.5bar in the pipeline, and thermal flowmeter volume flow reading 123.02SLPH (standard liter per hour), coriolis flowmeter volume flow reading 63.66L h -1 ；
Step two, ethylene passes through with the constant velocity of flow the utility model discloses a gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device carries out temperature and pressure control to gas pipeline through heat tracing system, first pressure regulator and second pressure regulator, and gas is in 0 ℃,101.325kPa in the pipeline, and Coriolis flowmeter density reading 1.252g L -1 ；
Step three, adopting NRTL physical property method by Aspen PlusV11, and obtaining thermal flowmeter calibration gas (the utility model discloses thermal flowmeter's calibration gas is nitrogen) at the molar constant pressure heat capacity 29.1509 J.K under 60 ℃ and 1.5bar through pure component physical property analysis -1 ·mol -1 Finally, the specific heat capacity at 60 ℃ and 1.5bar of ethylene under constant pressure 1653.86 J.K is calculated by the formula (1) -1 ·kg -1 。
Step four, adopting NRTL physical property method by Aspen PlusV11, and obtaining the constant pressure specific heat capacity 1655.71 J.K of ethylene at 60 ℃ and 1.5bar through pure component physical property analysis -1 ·kg -1 。
Step five, calculate ethylene constant pressure specific heat capacity's measurement relative deviation (relative deviation = (the utility model discloses method measurement value-Aspen Plus analysis value)/Aspen Plus analysis value), the result is-0.11%, explains the utility model discloses the high accuracy of gas constant pressure specific heat capacity is measured to the method.
For more specific working processes of the above steps, reference may be made to corresponding contents disclosed in the foregoing embodiments, and details are not repeated here.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
To sum up, the embodiment of the utility model provides a pair of gaseous constant pressure specific heat capacity measuring device, include: a gas line; the heat tracing system is wrapped on the outer wall of the gas pipeline; a first pressure regulator, a thermal flowmeter, a Coriolis flowmeter, and a second pressure regulator are connected in series in the gas pipeline in the gas flow direction. In the gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device, the thermal type flowmeter and the Coriolis flowmeter are connected in series in front and back on a gas pipeline, the gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity can be accurately measured through the combination of the two flowmeters under the control of temperature and pressure by the heat tracing system and the pressure regulator, and particularly, the gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device has the advantages of accurate measuring result, low cost, rapidness and convenience for the measurement of the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of a gas mixture with unknown components or compositions.
Finally, it should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device provided by the utility model is described in detail above, and the principle and the implementation mode of the utility model are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the above embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the utility model; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the field, according to the idea of the present invention, there are changes in the specific implementation and application scope, to sum up, the content of the present specification should not be understood as the limitation of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measuring device is characterized by comprising:
a gas line;
a heat tracing system wrapped around the outer wall of the gas pipeline;
and a first pressure regulator, a thermal flowmeter, a Coriolis flowmeter and a second pressure regulator are sequentially connected in series on the gas pipeline according to the gas flow direction.
2. The gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the thermal type flow meter includes:
a detection tube connected to the gas line;
the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are positioned at two ends in the detection pipe;
a heater located at the middle position inside the detection tube;
a temperature difference detector connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, respectively;
and the flow transmitter is connected with the temperature difference detector.
3. The gas constant pressure specific heat capacity measurement device of claim 2, wherein the coriolis flowmeter comprises a flow measurement component and a density measurement component.
4. The gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measurement device according to claim 3, wherein the Coriolis flowmeter is a U-shaped vibrating tube Coriolis flowmeter.
5. The device for measuring the specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the gas as claimed in claim 4, wherein the response time of the thermal type flowmeter is less than 0.1 second, and the lower detection limit of the flow rate is 50 mg/h;
the Coriolis flowmeter has a response time of less than 0.1 second, a lower limit of flow detection of 50 mg/hr, and a lower limit of density detection of 0.3kg · m -3 。
6. The gas constant-pressure specific heat capacity measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the heat tracing system is a system for performing direct or indirect heat exchange with the inside of the pipeline through a heat tracing medium.
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Effective date of registration: 20231221 Address after: Room G297, Office Building 2, Bonded Port Area, Xinyingwan District, Yangpu Economic Development Zone, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 578001 Patentee after: Hainan Beiouyi Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 256500 Boxing Economic Development Zone, Shandong, Binzhou Patentee before: SHANDONG CHAMBROAD PETROCHEMICALS Co.,Ltd. |