CN217672056U

CN217672056U - Heat pump air conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN217672056U
Application number: CN202221596810.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 魏莉; 孙金涛; 陈世畅
Original assignee: Henan Haiwei New Energy Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Henan Haiwei New Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-23
Filing date: 2022-06-23
Publication date: 2022-10-28
Anticipated expiration: 2032-06-23

Abstract

The utility model relates to a heat pump air conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle, the utility model discloses a heat pump air conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle, use compressor and outdoor heat exchanger as the demarcation point, divide into the refrigerant circuit front and back two parts, and set up corresponding heat exchanger in front and back two parts respectively, throttle branch road and direct branch road, and the gating of control valve back before, can realize not needing preceding of positive and negative switching-over, two kinds of back throttle modes, the throttle is exothermic in order to form liquid cooling condenser and outdoor heat exchanger promptly after outdoor heat exchanger, the evaporimeter heat absorption refrigeration in the air conditioning module, perhaps throttle before outdoor heat exchanger is exothermic in order to form the liquid cooling condenser, outdoor heat exchanger heat absorption, and can be through the core of heat transfer to the air conditioning module that the refrigerant circuit that the coolant circuit that the cooling circuit obtained to the air conditioning module, realize multiple working method with the refrigerant circuit that does not need the switching-over, under the prerequisite that guarantees the system function and realizes, reduce part installation space, the system cost is saved.

Description

Heat pump air conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a new energy automobile's air conditioning system, concretely relates to automobile-used heat pump air conditioning system of fuel cell.

Background

The fuel cell stack and the power cell of a fuel cell new energy vehicle (such as a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle) both require the temperature of the working environment, so that a corresponding thermal system is required to cool and heat the fuel cell stack, and the power cell and the battery stack can generate usable waste heat during operation, so that it is a common practice in the prior art to associate a Heating Ventilation Air Conditioner (HVAC) of the vehicle with the thermal system of the battery, the heating ventilation air conditioner of the vehicle is essentially an air source heat pump air conditioner which comprises a refrigerant loop and an air supply device, the refrigerant loop is provided with a compressor, a throttle valve (expansion valve) and heat exchangers (including an in-vehicle heat exchanger, an out-vehicle heat exchanger and the like) with different functions, the air supply device comprises an air duct and a fan, and the air in the vehicle can be cooled, heated and dehumidified by using air circulation and the corresponding heat exchangers.

For example, in the fuel cell automobile heat pump air conditioning system disclosed in the patent publication No. CN110641248B, the cooling liquid loop of the fuel cell and the refrigerant loop of the heat pump air conditioner are associated through the related heat exchanger, when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is low, the air conditioner refrigerant can help the fuel cell to heat up, improving the cold start performance thereof, otherwise, the residual heat of the fuel cell can be used for heating together with the heat pump air conditioner, so as to reduce the heat quantity required to be absorbed by the heat pump during the operation process, reduce the energy consumption and reduce the frosting probability of the air conditioner outdoor unit.

However, in the above heat pump air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle, the heat pump air conditioner has two operation modes of cooling and heating, and the sequence of refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the throttle valve in the two operation modes is opposite, so that a four-way valve and a one-way valve are required to perform two forward and reverse control on the flow direction of the refrigerant, so that two flow directions with opposite directions exist in a refrigerant loop, which causes the layout of a cooling pipeline in the system to be complicated, and the four-way valve needs to be switched and assisted by the one-way valve to ensure that the flow direction meets the requirements, and the heat pump air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle has the advantages of high control difficulty, high cost and easy failure.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a heat pump air conditioning system for fuel cell car to solve the problem that the pipeline that the refrigerant circuit of positive and negative switching-over exists among the current system is complicated, is difficult to control.

The utility model discloses a heat pump air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises a refrigerant loop, a cooling liquid loop, an air conditioning module and a liquid cooling condenser, wherein the liquid cooling condenser is provided with a first heat exchange passage and a second heat exchange passage; the refrigerant loop is provided with a compressor, a front passage connected with an outlet of the compressor, an exterior heat exchanger and a rear passage connected with an inlet of the compressor, and the exterior heat exchanger is positioned between the front passage and the rear passage in the refrigerant loop; the front throttle branch is internally provided with a front throttle valve which is used for throttling the refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchange passage of the liquid cooling condenser when the front throttle branch is selected to be communicated with the first heat exchange passage and the heat exchanger outside the vehicle by the front control valve; the rear passage is sequentially provided with a rear throttling branch, a rear straight-through branch and a rear control valve, the rear throttling branch is used for selecting the rear throttling branch or the rear straight-through branch to be communicated with the external heat exchanger and the gas-liquid separator, the rear throttling branch comprises a first rear throttling branch, and a first rear throttling valve and an evaporator are sequentially arranged in the first rear throttling branch; the first rear throttle valve is used for throttling the refrigerant flowing out of the exterior heat exchanger when the first rear throttling branch is selected to be communicated with the exterior heat exchanger and the gas-liquid separator by the rear control valve; the evaporator is configured in the air conditioning module for absorbing heat; the cooling liquid loop is provided with a water pump, a second heat exchange passage of the liquid cooling condenser, a fuel cell heat exchanger and a water heating core body, the fuel cell heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the water inlet and outlet passage of the fuel cell, and the water heating core body is constructed in the air conditioning module and used for releasing heat.

The utility model provides a heat pump air conditioning system for fuel cell car, use compressor and outdoor heat exchanger as the demarcation point, two parts around having divided into the refrigerant circuit, and set up the heat exchanger respectively in front and back two parts (liquid cooling condenser in the way before being promptly, the evaporimeter in the way of back, throttle branch road and direct branch road, and the gating of control valve back and forth before, can realize not needing preceding of positive and negative switching-over, two kinds of back throttle modes, the throttle is exothermic in order to form liquid cooling condenser and outdoor heat exchanger after outdoor heat exchanger promptly, evaporimeter heat absorption refrigeration in the air conditioning module, perhaps throttle before outdoor heat exchanger is exothermic in order to form the liquid cooling condenser, outdoor heat exchanger heat absorption, and can be through the core of heat transfer to the air conditioning module that the cooling liquid circuit obtained with the liquid cooling condenser, realize multiple working method with the refrigerant circuit that does not need the switching-over, under the prerequisite that guarantees system function and realizes, reduce part installation space, system cost is saved.

Further, the front control valve is a switching valve provided in the front through branch.

Furthermore, the rear control valve is a three-way reversing valve and is arranged at the front ends of the rear throttling branch and the rear straight-through branch.

Further, the automobile heat exchanger further comprises a motor radiator used for radiating the driving motor of the automobile, and the automobile exterior heat exchanger and the motor radiator are arranged together. Make like this the utility model discloses driving motor's heat dissipation can also be taken into account.

Furthermore, the heat exchange fan is arranged together with the heat exchanger outside the vehicle and the motor radiator.

Further, a PTC heater is also provided in the coolant circuit. The PTC heater can supplement heat, and the operation of the system and the stability of the temperature of the carriage are ensured.

Furthermore, the rear throttling branch also comprises a second rear throttling branch which is connected with the first rear throttling branch in parallel, a second rear throttling valve and a power battery heat exchanger are sequentially arranged in the second rear throttling branch, the second rear throttling valve is used for throttling the refrigerant flowing out of the external heat exchanger when the second rear throttling branch is selectively communicated with the external heat exchanger and the gas-liquid separator through a rear control valve, and the power battery heat exchanger is used for exchanging heat with the power battery of the vehicle. Thus, the utility model discloses power battery's cooling can also be taken into account.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure:

1. a compressor; 2. a liquid-cooled condenser; 3. a front throttle valve; 31. a first rear throttle valve; 32. a second rear throttle valve; 4. a front control valve; 5. an expansion tank; 6. a water pump; 7. a PTC heater; 8. an on-off valve; 9. a fuel cell heat exchanger; 10. a warm air core body; 11. an evaporator; 12. a blower; 13. an air conditioning module; 14. a heat exchange fan; 15. a motor radiator; 16. an exterior heat exchanger; 17. a rear control valve; 18. a power battery heat exchanger; 19. a gas-liquid separator; 20. a fuel cell water inlet and outlet passage; 21. a fuel cell water inlet and outlet passage; 22. and the power battery is provided with a water inlet and outlet passage.

Detailed Description

An embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the heat pump air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle mainly includes a refrigerant circuit, a coolant circuit, a liquid-cooled condenser 2, and an air conditioning module 13 (HVAC assembly).

The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 1, a front passage connected to an outlet of the compressor 1, an exterior heat exchanger 16, and a rear passage connected to an inlet of the compressor 1, and the exterior heat exchanger 16 is located between the front passage and the rear passage in the refrigerant circuit.

The liquid cooling condenser is characterized in that a first heat exchange passage and a front throttle passage of the liquid cooling condenser 2 are sequentially arranged in the front passage, the front throttle passage comprises a front throttle branch, a front straight-through branch, a front control valve 4 and a front throttle valve 3, the front throttle branch is connected with the front straight-through branch in parallel, the front throttle valve 3 is arranged in the front throttle branch, the front control valve 4 is an electromagnetic valve, the front control valve 4 is arranged in the front straight-through branch, the front control valve 4 is used for gating the front throttle branch or the front straight-through branch, and namely the front passage is selected to be communicated with a downstream after being throttled by the front throttle valve 3 or is directly communicated to the downstream without passing through the front throttle valve 3. Specifically, when the front control valve 4 is opened, the front straight-through branch works, the front throttle valve 3 is short-circuited, when the front control valve 4 is closed, the front straight-through branch is cut off, and the front throttle valve 3 works; the front throttle 3 is used to throttle the refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchange path of the liquid-cooled condenser when the front throttle branch is selectively communicated with the exterior heat exchanger 16 by the front control valve 4, that is, when "system heating" described later is performed.

In other embodiments, the front control valve 4 may also be a three-way directional valve, and is disposed at the front ends of the front throttling branch and the front straight-through branch, and gates the front throttling branch or the front straight-through branch by reversing, or of course, the front control valve 4 may also be two switching valves, which are respectively disposed in the front throttling branch and the front straight-through branch, and gates the front throttling branch or the front straight-through branch by controlling one to be opened and the other to be closed.

The exterior heat exchanger 16 and the motor radiator 15 are arranged together, share the heat exchange fan 14, and the motor radiator 15 is used for radiating heat of a driving motor of a vehicle.

The rear passage is provided with a rear section passage and a gas-liquid separator 19 in sequence. The rear throttle path comprises a rear throttle branch, a rear straight branch, a rear control valve 17 and a rear throttle valve. Back throttle branch road is parallelly connected with back straight branch road, and the bifurcation is two in the back throttle branch road, includes: throttle branch road behind first back throttle branch road, the second, back throttle valve sets up in the throttle branch road behind, also includes two: a first rear throttle valve 31 and a second rear throttle valve 32, which are respectively arranged in the first rear throttle branch and the second rear throttle branch, wherein the first rear throttle branch is also provided with an evaporator 11, the evaporator 11 is positioned at the downstream of the first rear throttle valve 31, and the evaporator 11 is simultaneously constructed in an air conditioning module 13 which is described in detail later; and a power battery heat exchanger 18 is also arranged in the second rear throttling branch, the power battery heat exchanger 18 is positioned at the downstream of the second rear throttling valve 32, the power battery heat exchanger 18 is positioned in a power battery water inlet and outlet passage 22 of the vehicle at the same time, and the power battery heat exchanger 18 and the power battery water inlet and outlet passage 22 are used for exchanging heat with the power battery of the vehicle.

The rear control valve 17 is a two-position three-way electromagnetic valve, the rear control valve 17 is provided with an inlet and two channels a and b, the inlet is communicated with an outlet of the external heat exchanger 16, outlets of the two channels a and b are respectively connected with a rear throttling branch and a rear straight-through branch, namely, the rear control valve 17 is arranged at the front ends of the rear throttling branch and the rear straight-through branch, the rear control valve 17 is used for gating the rear throttling branch or the rear straight-through branch, namely, the rear channel is selected to be communicated with the downstream after being throttled by the rear throttling valve or is directly communicated to the downstream without passing through the rear throttling valve. Specifically, when the inlet of the rear control valve 17 is communicated with the outlet of the channel b, the rear straight branch works, and the rear throttling branch is not communicated; when the inlet of the rear control valve 17 is communicated with the outlet of the channel a, the rear straight-through branch is closed, the first rear throttling branch and the second rear throttling branch are opened, the two rear throttling valves work, and the evaporator 11 and the power battery heat exchanger 18 work; the first rear throttle valve 31 is configured to throttle the refrigerant flowing out of the exterior heat exchanger 16 when the first rear throttle branch is selectively communicated with the exterior heat exchanger 16 and the gas-liquid separator 19 by the rear control valve 17, that is, when "system cooling or dehumidification" described later is performed; the second rear throttle valve 32 is configured to throttle the refrigerant flowing out of the exterior heat exchanger 16 when the second rear throttle branch is selectively communicated with the exterior heat exchanger 16 and the gas-liquid separator 19 by the rear control valve 17, that is, when "system cooling or dehumidification" described later is performed.

Of course, in other embodiments, the rear control valve 17 may also be a switch valve, which is respectively disposed in the rear throttling branch and the rear through branch, and gates the rear throttling branch or the rear through branch by opening and closing control.

And a water pump 6, a second heat exchange passage of the liquid cooling condenser 2, a PTC heater 7, a fuel cell heat exchanger 9, a water heating core body and an expansion water tank 5 are sequentially arranged in the cooling liquid loop. The fuel cell heat exchanger 9 is simultaneously positioned in the fuel cell water inlet and outlet passage 21, the fuel cell water inlet and outlet passage 21 is provided with a switch valve 8, the switch valve 8 is an electromagnetic valve, and the switch valve 8 is used for controlling the fuel cell water inlet and outlet passage 21 to supply heat to the fuel cell heat exchanger 9.

The air conditioning module 13 comprises a blower 12 and a duct, the evaporator 11 in the first rear throttle branch being configured in the air conditioning module 13 to provide cooling energy to the passenger compartment, and the water heating core in the coolant circuit being configured in the air conditioning module 13 to provide heat to the passenger compartment. The air conditioning module 13 integrates the blower 12, the evaporator 11, and the warming core.

The above embodiment of the present invention, through the corresponding branch of relevant control valve gate, can work with the mode that will be described later:

1) Refrigerating the system: the front control valve 4 gates the front straight branch, the rear control valve 17 gates the rear throttling branch, the cooling liquid loop and the liquid cooling condenser 2 do not work, the external heat exchanger 16 serves as a condenser, and a refrigerant before throttling (expansion) flows through the external heat exchanger 16 to release heat to the outside and is cooled.

The front control valve 4 is opened, after the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the compressor 1 passes through the liquid cooling condenser 2 and is cooled by the external heat exchanger 16, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the two rear throttle valves from the channel a (the channel b is closed) of the rear control valve 17 in two paths, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the evaporator 11 and the power battery heat exchanger respectively after being throttled to cool the carriage and cool the power battery, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant returns to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separator 19 after being converged, the water pump 6 in the circulation is closed, and the cooling liquid loop does not work.

2) And (3) system dehumidification: the front control valve 4 gates the front straight-through branch, the rear control valve 17 gates the rear throttling branch, the cooling liquid loop and the liquid cooling condenser 2 work, the external heat exchanger 16 serves as a condenser, and the refrigerant before throttling (expansion) flows through the liquid cooling condenser 2 and the external heat exchanger 16 to release heat and is cooled.

The front control valve 4 is closed, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant from the compressor 1 flows through the liquid cooling condenser 2 and the external heat exchanger 16, at the moment, the water pump 6 is opened, the cooling liquid loop works, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the liquid cooling condenser 2 is radiated by the warm air core 10, enters the rear throttle valve from the channel a (channel b) of the rear control valve 17, enters the evaporator 11 after being throttled, and then returns to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separator 19; meanwhile, the air of the air conditioning module 13 is cooled by the evaporator 11 and then heated by the warm air core 10 to become dry air, and is blown into the vehicle compartment by the blower 12 to be dehumidified.

3) Heating the system: the front control valve 4 gates a front throttling branch, the rear control valve 17 gates a rear straight branch, the cooling liquid loop and the liquid cooling condenser 2 work, the external heat exchanger 16 serves as an evaporator 11, and the throttled (expanded) refrigerant flows through the external heat exchanger 16 to absorb heat from the outside.

The front control valve 4 is closed, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant coming out of the compressor 1 passes through the liquid cooling condenser 2 and then enters the heat exchanger 16 outside the vehicle after being throttled by the front throttle valve 3, at the moment, the water pump 6 is opened, the cooling liquid loop works, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the liquid cooling condenser 2 is radiated by the warm air core 10, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the gas-liquid separator 19 from the channel b (the channel a is closed) of the rear control valve 17 and returns to the compressor 1, and hot air is blown into the carriage through the air blower 12 to be heated.

In the cooling liquid loop system, the PTC heater 7 is mainly used for heat supplement, and when the ambient temperature is low, the heat of the compressor 1 system (namely, of the refrigerant loop) is insufficient or the heat of the fuel cell is insufficient, and the heating system (namely, of the refrigerant loop) of the compressor 1 is frosted, the PTC heater 7 is started, so that the operation of the system and the stability of the temperature of a carriage are ensured.

4) And (3) waste heat utilization: the compressor 1 is closed, the switch valve 8 is opened, the hot water of the fuel cell exchanges heat through the fuel cell heat exchanger 9, the exchanged high-temperature water enters the warm air core 10 constructed in the air conditioning module 13 and is blown into the carriage through the blower 12 to be heated, meanwhile, the water temperature in the fuel cell is reduced, and the system is radiated.

As described above, the heat pump air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle described above is provided with: (1) The front control valve gates the front straight-through branch, the rear control valve gates the rear throttling branch, the external heat exchanger serves as a condenser, and the refrigerant before throttling flows through the external heat exchanger to release heat to the outside; the throttled refrigerant enters an evaporator to absorb heat so as to refrigerate the carriage; (2) The front control valve gates the front straight-through branch, the rear control valve gates the rear throttling branch, and the cooling liquid loop works, so that the external heat exchanger serves as a condenser, and the refrigerant before throttling flows through the liquid cooling condenser to heat the water heating core through the cooling liquid loop and flows through the external heat exchanger to release heat to the outside; the throttled refrigerant enters an evaporator to absorb heat; (3) The front control valve gates the front throttling branch, the rear control valve gates the rear straight-through branch, and the cooling liquid loop works; the heat exchanger outside the vehicle is used as an evaporator, the refrigerant before throttling flows through the liquid cooling condenser and heats the warm air core body through the cooling liquid loop, and the refrigerant after throttling flows through the heat exchanger outside the vehicle to absorb heat from the outside.

The utility model discloses an above-mentioned embodiment is through air conditioning system, fuel cell cooling system and motor cooling system and battery cooling system's high integration, when realizing air conditioner refrigeration/heating/dehumidification, compromises the cooling of battery, the heat dissipation of motor and fuel cell's waste heat utilization, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing that system function realizes, reduces part installation space, saving system cost.

The utility model discloses in other embodiments, preceding control valve 4, back control valve 17's form as above, both can be the ooff valve also can the switching valve many-way switching-over valve, as long as can realize the gating of parallelly connected direct branch road and throttle branch road. In addition, only one corresponding air conditioning module 13 may be provided for the rear throttle branch, and the power battery heat exchanger 18 may be omitted. In addition, as for the coolant circuit, the PTC heater 7 can be omitted.

Claims

1. A heat pump air-conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle comprises a refrigerant loop, a cooling liquid loop and an air-conditioning module (13), and is characterized by further comprising a liquid-cooling condenser (2), wherein the liquid-cooling condenser (2) is provided with a first heat exchange passage and a second heat exchange passage;

the refrigerant circuit is provided with a compressor (1), a front passage connected with an outlet of the compressor (1), an external heat exchanger (16) and a rear passage connected with an inlet of the compressor (1), wherein the external heat exchanger (16) is positioned between the front passage and the rear passage in the refrigerant circuit;

the front passage is sequentially provided with a first heat exchange passage and a front throttle passage of the liquid cooling condenser (2), a front throttle branch, a front straight branch and a front control valve (4) are arranged in the front throttle passage, the front control valve (4) is used for selecting the front throttle branch or the front straight branch to communicate the first heat exchange passage with the external heat exchanger (16), a front throttle valve (3) is arranged in the front throttle branch, and the front throttle valve (3) is used for throttling the refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchange passage of the liquid cooling condenser when the front throttle branch is selected to communicate the first heat exchange passage with the external heat exchanger (16) by the front control valve (4);

a rear throttling branch and a rear straight branch and a rear control valve (17) are sequentially arranged in the rear passage, the rear throttling branch or the rear straight branch is selected by the rear control valve (17) to be communicated with the external heat exchanger (16) and the gas-liquid separator (19), the rear throttling branch comprises a first rear throttling branch, and a first rear throttling valve (31) and an evaporator (11) are sequentially arranged in the first rear throttling branch; the first rear throttle valve (31) is used for throttling the refrigerant flowing out of the external heat exchanger (16) when the first rear throttle branch is selectively communicated with the external heat exchanger (16) and the gas-liquid separator (19) by the rear control valve (17); the evaporator (11) is designed in the air conditioning module (13) for absorbing heat;

the air conditioner is characterized in that a second heat exchange passage with a water pump (6) and a liquid cooling condenser (2), a fuel cell heat exchanger (9) and a water heating core body are arranged in the cooling liquid loop, the fuel cell heat exchanger (9) is used for exchanging heat with a fuel cell water inlet and outlet passage (21), and the water heating core body is constructed in an air conditioner module (13) and used for releasing heat.

2. The heat pump air-conditioning system for fuel cell vehicle as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the front control valve (4) is a switching valve provided in a front through branch.

3. The heat pump air-conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle as defined in claim 1, wherein the rear control valve (17) is a three-way selector valve provided at the front ends of the rear throttle branch and the rear through branch.

4. The heat pump air conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising a motor radiator (15) for radiating heat to a drive motor of a vehicle, the exterior heat exchanger (16) and the motor radiator (15) being provided together.

5. The heat pump air conditioning system for the fuel cell vehicle as recited in claim 4, further comprising a heat exchange fan (14), the heat exchange fan (14) being provided together with the exterior heat exchanger (16) and the motor radiator (15).

6. The heat pump air-conditioning system for a fuel cell vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a PTC heater (7) is further provided in the coolant circuit.

7. The heat pump air-conditioning system for the fuel cell vehicle according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the rear throttling branch further comprises a second rear throttling branch connected with the first rear throttling branch in parallel, a second rear throttling valve (32) and the power battery heat exchanger (18) are sequentially arranged in the second rear throttling branch, the second rear throttling valve (32) is used for throttling the refrigerant flowing out of the exterior heat exchanger (16) when the second rear throttling branch is selectively communicated with the exterior heat exchanger (16) and the gas-liquid separator (19) through a rear control valve (17), and the power battery heat exchanger (18) is used for exchanging heat with the power battery of the vehicle.