CN217464489U - Waste heat utilization system - Google Patents
Waste heat utilization system Download PDFInfo
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- CN217464489U CN217464489U CN202220361472.XU CN202220361472U CN217464489U CN 217464489 U CN217464489 U CN 217464489U CN 202220361472 U CN202220361472 U CN 202220361472U CN 217464489 U CN217464489 U CN 217464489U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a waste heat utilization system, including the air preheater of mummification machine, low system and boiler system that adds, low system that adds includes two at least low pressure feed water heaters, still includes heat exchanger for with the heat of the at least partial low temperature flue gas of air preheater low reaches and the heat of the at least partial condensate water of low system that adds transform into the energy that is used for carrying out the drying to the material in the mummification machine; the utility model is used for the heat energy of dry material derives from flue gas waste heat or low-grade steam heat energy, further retrieves the waste heat of low temperature flue gas to and more effective low-grade steam heat of utilization has improved waste heat utilization efficiency greatly, reduces heat loss, has higher economic utilization and worth.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a waste heat treatment device technical field, in particular to waste heat utilization system.
Background
The existing flue gas waste heat utilization system of a coal-fired power plant mainly utilizes the flue gas waste heat (with the temperature of 120-160 ℃) after an air preheater to heat low-pressure condensed water (through a low-temperature economizer), cold flue gas after a desulfurizing tower (through an MGGH system), heated air (through a fan heater) and the like. These techniques, while saving energy to some extent, are not utilized at high levels. If the low-pressure condensed water is heated by adopting the waste heat of the exhaust gas, the low-pressure condensed water can only be extruded to the steam extraction steam turbine with lower temperature and pressure level in the heat recovery system to do work, the coal consumption of the unit is reduced to a limited extent (generally, the coal consumption of the power supply can only be reduced by 1-2 g/KWh.), the heat energy utilization efficiency is only about 10%, and most of heat is carried to the unit cooling tower by the circulating cooling water after the low-efficiency work is done and is released to the atmosphere.
With the issuance and implementation of national carbon peaking and carbon neutralization policies, thermal power plants (mainly coal-fired power plants), which account for about 40% of the total carbon emissions, are becoming a major concern for carbon emission control. Due to the combustion of a large amount of fossil energy, the carbon emission produced by the combustion of coal in coal-fired power plants accounts for more than 98% of the carbon emission of the whole plant. Therefore, the emission reduction difficulty is very high under the condition of meeting the normal production. And no technology with sufficient economy is currently available for achieving carbon emission reduction through flue gas carbon capture and utilization. The carbon emission can be reduced by about 40-45% compared with that of a coal-fired power plant by adopting natural gas combustion, but on one hand, the natural gas still belongs to fossil energy, and the carbon emission level is higher; on the other hand, natural gas power generation is not economical in cost due to its high price.
The sludge, the garbage (excluding fossil components) and the biomass belong to renewable energy sources, and the coupling co-combustion with the coal has good technical economy. On one hand, the sludge and the garbage have certain heat value, can play a role of replacing fossil fuels such as coal, and do not count the carbon emission, and on the other hand, the sludge and the garbage also have certain treatment and disposal cost, so the sludge and the garbage have good economic benefits. However, renewable energy materials such as sludge, garbage and biomass often have high water content, such as about 60% to 80% of sludge, about 30% to 50% of garbage and about 30% to 50% of bark. The ignition stability of the materials with high water content is influenced, meanwhile, the control of nitrogen oxides is not facilitated, and the problems that the screen type heating surface is over-temperature and the like are easily caused due to the lifting of the flame center are solved. Therefore, the materials with high water content need to be dried before entering the furnace.
The coal-fired power plant can utilize steam to dry the material with high water content, but because the steam with three or four extractions is adopted, the steam has relatively high hot taste, so the steam is relatively poor in economy.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at improving the utilization ratio of low-temperature energy.
The utility model provides a waste heat utilization system, including mummification machine, low air preheater who adds system and boiler system, low system of adding includes two at least low pressure feed water heaters, still includes heat exchanger, be used for with the heat of the at least partial low temperature flue gas in air preheater low reaches with the heat conversion of the at least partial condensate water of low system is right be used for the energy that the inside material of mummification machine carries out drying.
The utility model is used for the heat energy of dry material derives from flue gas waste heat or low-grade steam heat energy, further retrieves the waste heat of low temperature flue gas to and more effective low-grade steam heat energy of utilization has improved waste heat utilization efficiency greatly, reduces the loss of heat, has higher economic utilization and worth.
Optionally, the system comprises a condensed water external circulation pipeline, and the condensed water in the external circulation pipeline exchanges heat with the low-temperature flue gas through the heat exchanger and exchanges heat with a drying medium of the drying machine.
Optionally, the heat exchanger includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger is located inside the low-temperature flue at the downstream of the air preheater, and after part of the condensed water of the low-pressure heating system exchanges heat with the low-temperature flue gas through the first heat exchanger, the condensed water flows through the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the drying medium in the drying medium circulation loop.
Optionally, the condensed water entering the first heat exchanger through the condensed water external circulation pipeline has two branches, and the condensed water flowing out of the first heat exchanger is also divided into two branches.
Optionally, the condensed water entering the first heat exchanger is obtained by a first branch from a communicating pipe between the No. N low-pressure heater and the No. N +1 low-pressure heater, and a second branch is obtained by a second branch from the No. N +2 low-pressure heater, is subjected to tail gas waste heat absorption by a dried tail gas condenser, is mixed with the condensed water of the first branch, and flows through the first heat exchanger to absorb the flue gas waste heat after being pressurized by a booster pump;
optionally, the condensed water flowing out of the first heat exchanger is also divided into two branches, the condensed water in the first branch returns to a communicating pipe between the N number of low-pressure heaters and the N +1 number of low-pressure heaters, and the second branch is connected with the second heat exchanger. The condensed water flowing through the second heat exchanger flows through the third heat exchanger again, is pressurized by the booster pump and then returns to the communicating pipe between the No. N +1 low-pressure heater and the No. N +2 low-pressure heater.
Optionally, the heat source inlet of the drying machine comprises a first drying medium inlet and a second drying medium inlet, and further comprises a drying medium external circulation loop and a drying medium internal circulation loop; the drying medium external circulation loop is connected with a tail gas outlet of the drier, a tail gas condenser, a third heat exchanger and a first drying medium inlet of the drier, the tail gas releases heat to condensate in the condenser and dehumidifies the condensate, and the dehumidified drying medium exchanges heat with the condensate in the third heat exchanger; the drying medium internal circulation loop is connected with the internal circulation fan in front of the tail gas outlet of the drier, the second heat exchanger and a second drying medium inlet of the drier, and the drying medium exchanges heat with condensed water in the second heat exchanger.
Optionally, the dryer is a belt dryer and comprises a drying belt, the drying belt is configured into an upper conveying drying area and a lower conveying drying area, the first drying medium inlet is located below the lower conveying drying area, and the second drying medium inlet is located between the lower conveying drying area and the upper conveying drying area.
Optionally, the first drying medium of the dryer is low moisture content wet air, and the second drying medium of the dryer is high moisture content wet air.
Optionally, the drying machine further comprises a high-temperature gas path, one end of the high-temperature gas path is connected with the high-temperature air outlet pipe of the air preheater, and the other end of the high-temperature gas path is connected with a pipe section of the drying medium external circulation loop, which is positioned between the third heat exchanger and the first drying medium inlet of the drying machine; and a flow control valve is arranged on the high-temperature gas path.
Optionally, the air outlet of the condenser is further communicated with a low-temperature flue located at the downstream of the air preheater through an external exhaust pipeline, and the external exhaust pipeline is provided with a control valve.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a drying machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, the one-to-one correspondence between the reference numbers and the part names in fig. 1 and 2 is as follows:
1, a boiler; 2, an air preheater; 3, a flue; 4, a first heat exchanger; 5-1, a first water pump; 5-2, a second water pump; number 66 low pressure heater; no. 77 low pressure heater; number 88 low pressure heater; no. 99 low pressure heater;
10-1, an outer circulation loop inlet main pipe section; 10-2, drying the tail gas to obtain a tail gas outlet pipe section; 10-3 a drying medium internal circulation front pipeline; 10-4 drying medium internal circulation back pipeline; 10-5 tail gas condenser outlet pipe; 10-6 drying medium pipeline before the third heat exchanger; 10-7 hot air lines;
10-8 external exhaust pipelines;
11-1 internal circulation air fan; 11-2 external circulation air fan; 12 second heat exchanger
13 a third heat exchanger;
14, a drying machine; 14-1, conveying the lower layer to a drying area; 14-2, an upper conveying and drying area; 14-3, a first dryer exhaust port; 14-4, a second dryer exhaust port; 14-5 of a discharge port; 14-6 a first drying medium inlet; 14-7 a second drying medium inlet; 14-8 drier shell
15-1 pipeline; 15-2 pipelines and 15-3 pipelines; 15-4 pipelines; 15-5 bypass water return pipes and 15-6 main condensation water circulation pipelines; 15-7 water return pipelines;
16 a condenser; 17 wet material storage and feeding device.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat utilization system according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a drying machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The utility model provides a waste heat utilization system, the main low temperature waste heat among the recycle boiler system of this waste heat utilization system. The boiler system comprises a boiler 1, an air preheater 2 and a flue. The main function of the air preheater 2 is to utilize the high-temperature flue gas of the boiler 1 to heat the air required for combustion entering the front end of the boiler so as to preheat the air to a predetermined temperature. The air preheater 2 comprises a flue gas inlet, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, at least one group of air inlets and at least one group of air outlets. The specific structure of the air preheater 2 will not be described in detail herein.
The utility model discloses a waste heat utilization system includes desiccator 14, wet material storage feeder 17, boiler system's air preheater 2 and low system that adds. The low pressure heating system comprises at least two low pressure heaters, the low pressure heaters are used for preheating unit condensed water by extracting steam of a middle and low pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, and then the condensed water is sent to the deaerator. The number of the low pressure heaters is usually at least two, and the low pressure heaters are named as a number N low pressure heater (6 in fig. 1), a number N +1 low pressure heater, a number N +2 low pressure heater and … … according to the reverse direction of the flow of the fluid. For example, in one particular example, the low pressure addition system includes a No. 4 deaerator, a No. 5 low pressure heater, a No. 6 low pressure heater, a No. 7 low pressure heater, a No. 8 low pressure heater, and so forth.
The utility model discloses a waste heat utilization system still includes heat exchanger, specifically includes first heat exchanger 4, second heat exchanger 12 and third heat exchanger 13, first heat exchanger 4 is located inside the low temperature flue in air preheater low reaches, the part condensate water warp that adds the system lowly first heat exchanger 4 with behind the low temperature flue gas heat transfer, flow through second heat exchanger 12, third heat exchanger 13 with dry medium heat transfer in the dry medium circulation circuit. That is, the energy used by the dryer 14 to dry the material therein may be partially or totally derived from the residual heat of the low-temperature flue gas of the boiler system and the heat of at least part of the condensed water of the low-temperature heating system.
The utility model is used for the heat energy of dry material derives from flue gas waste heat or low-grade steam heat energy, further retrieves the waste heat of low temperature flue gas to and more effective low-grade steam heat energy of utilization has improved waste heat utilization efficiency greatly, reduces the loss of heat, has higher economic utilization and worth.
In one embodiment, the waste heat utilization system comprises a condensed water external circulation pipeline, and the condensed water in the external circulation pipeline exchanges heat with the low-temperature flue gas and the drying medium of the drying machine through a heat exchanger. In a specific example, the heat exchanger includes a first heat exchanger 4, a second heat exchanger 12, a third heat exchanger 13; the first heat exchanger 4 is positioned in the low-temperature flue at the downstream of the air preheater 2, part of condensed water of the low-pressure heating system absorbs heat from low-temperature flue gas through the first heat exchanger 4, then flows through the second heat exchanger 12 and the second heat exchanger 13 to release heat to a drying medium of the drying machine, and then returns to the low-pressure heating system through the booster pump 5-2, and a pipe section of the condensed water which is sent back to the position between the No. 8 low-pressure heater and the No. 7 low-pressure heater is shown in the figure 1. Of course, the water intake position and the return position of the condensed water may be other positions, not limited to the pipe connection manner shown in fig. 1.
In a specific embodiment, the condensed water entering the first heat exchanger has two branches, in the example, a first branch 15-2 is provided for taking water from a communicating pipe between a No. 6 low-pressure heater and a No. 7 low-pressure heater, a second branch 15-1 is provided for taking water from the front of a No. 8 low-pressure heater, then the dried tail gas waste heat is absorbed by a dried tail gas condenser 16, then the dried tail gas waste heat is mixed with the condensed water of the first branch 15-2, and the condensed water is pressurized by a booster pump 5-1 and then flows through the first heat exchanger 4 for absorbing the flue gas waste heat;
in this embodiment, the latent heat of steam in the exhaust gas discharged from the drying machine 14 is further recovered and sent back to the first main pipeline, and the heat exchange through the above flow path can be transferred to the fluid in the external circulation pipeline of the condensed water again, so that the energy loss of the drying machine 14 can be minimized.
In a specific embodiment, the condensed water after the residual heat utilization system flows out of the first heat exchanger 4 is divided into two branches, and part of the condensed water after heat exchange is returned to the low pressure heating system from the bypass 15-5 after the drying system is in low load or stops running, and the part of the condensed water can be returned to a front or rear (in the example of fig. 1, the front) connecting pipeline of the No. N low pressure heater. And the condensed water heated under the normal working condition flows through the second heat exchanger 12 and the second heat exchanger 13 through the branch 15-6 to release heat to the drying medium of the drying machine, and then returns to the pipe section between the No. 8 low-pressure heater and the No. 7 low-pressure heater through the booster pump 5-2 and the pipeline 15-7.
In one embodiment, the drying medium inlet of the dryer 14 comprises a first drying medium inlet 14-6 and a second drying medium inlet 14-7, and the waste heat utilization system further comprises a drying medium external circulation loop and a drying medium internal circulation loop;
specifically, the drying medium external circulation loop is connected with a tail gas outlet 14-3 of the drying machine, a tail gas condenser 16, a third heat exchanger 13 and a drying machine first drying medium inlet 14-6, tail gas discharged by the drying machine releases heat to condensed water in the condenser 6 and is dehumidified, the dehumidified drying medium is conveyed into the third heat exchanger 13 through a fan 11-2 to exchange heat with the condensed water, and then enters the drying machine 14 from the first drying medium inlet 14-6.
Specifically, the drying medium internal circulation loop is connected with a tail gas outlet 14-4 of the dryer, the internal circulation fan 11-1, the second heat exchanger 12 and a second drying medium inlet 14-7 of the dryer, and after the drying medium leaves the dryer from the dryer outlet 14-4, the drying medium exchanges heat with condensed water in the second heat exchanger 12 and then enters the dryer 14 from the second drying medium inlet 14-7.
Specifically, the first drying medium entering the drying machine is dehumidified low-moisture-content humid air, and the second drying medium entering the drying machine is high-moisture-content humid air.
The two drying medium circulation loops are arranged in the embodiment, namely, the drying medium for drying the materials in the drying machine 14 comes from two parts, the two parts of drying medium can absorb different heat in respective outer pipelines respectively to obtain different temperatures, the drying requirements of different materials in the drying machine 14 can be met by adjusting the proportion of the two parts, and the use flexibility is improved.
Specifically, the dryer 14 is a belt dryer 14, the belt dryer 14 includes a housing 14-8 and a drying belt, the drying belt is configured into an upper conveying area and a lower conveying area, generally, the material enters the upper conveying area 14-2 of the dryer 14 from a wet material storage and feeding device 17, then falls to the lower conveying area 14-1 along with the conveying of the conveying belt, and finally, the dried material is discharged from a discharge port 14-5. The first drying medium inlet 14-6 is located below the lower conveying section and the second drying medium inlet 14-7 is located between the lower conveying section 14-1 and the upper conveying section 14-2.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the drying medium entering from the first drying medium inlet 14-6 dries the material in the lower conveying area 14-1, the dried moisture is mixed with the drying medium entering from the second drying medium inlet 14-7, and the mixture is dried together with the wet material in the upper conveying area 14-2. The exhaust gas passing through the upper conveying area 14-2 can be dedusted by an exhaust gas filter, and then is divided into two paths from a drying medium outlet, wherein one path enters a drying medium external circulation pipeline through 14-3, passes through a condenser 16 and a third heat exchanger 13 and then returns to a first drying medium inlet, and the other path enters a drying medium internal circulation pipeline through 14-4 and then directly returns to a second drying medium inlet after being heated by a second heat exchanger 12.
In each embodiment, the waste heat utilization system further comprises a hot air path 10-7, one end of the hot air path is connected with a hot air outlet pipe of the air preheater 2, and the other end of the hot air path is connected with a pipe section of the drying medium external circulation pipeline, which is positioned between the third heat exchanger 13 and a first drying medium inlet of the dryer 14; and a flow control valve 101 is provided in the hot air passage 10-7.
Under the condition of low load of the unit or low downstream smoke temperature of the air preheater 2, a strand of hot air is introduced from the hot air end of the air preheater 2 to be mixed with the drying medium passing through the third heat exchanger 13, and finally the hot air and the drying medium are introduced into the drier 14 together.
In addition, the air outlet of the condenser 16 is further communicated with a low-temperature flue positioned at the downstream of the air preheater 2 through a second branch pipeline 10-8, and a control valve 102 is arranged on the second branch pipeline 10-8. The second branch line 10-8 is connected in parallel with a third heat exchanger 13. Therefore, the air quantity and the pressure of the pipelines can be kept balanced, and when needed, the control valve 102 on the second branch pipeline 10-8 is opened to discharge the redundant gas into the low-temperature flue at the downstream of the air preheater 2.
In order to provide circulating power for the gas in the pipeline, an internal circulating air fan 11-1 and an external circulating air fan 11-2 can be further arranged and used for providing air circulating power for the drying medium internal circulating loop and the drying medium external circulating loop respectively.
It is right above the utility model provides a waste heat utilization system has carried out detailed introduction. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been explained herein using specific examples, and the above descriptions of the embodiments are only used to help understand the method and its core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can be further modified and modified, and such modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The waste heat utilization system is characterized by comprising a drying machine, a low-pressure heating system and an air preheater of a boiler system, wherein the low-pressure heating system comprises at least two low-pressure heaters and a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger is used for converting the heat of at least part of low-temperature flue gas at the downstream of the air preheater and the heat of at least part of condensed water of the low-pressure heating system into energy for drying materials in the drying machine.
2. The waste heat utilization system of claim 1, comprising a condensed water external circulation pipeline, further comprising a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger; and the condensed water in the low-pressure heating system absorbs the heat of the low-temperature flue gas through the first heat exchanger and releases heat to a drying medium of the drying machine through the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger.
3. The waste heat utilization system of claim 2, wherein the heat exchanger comprises a first heat exchanger and is located inside the low-temperature flue downstream of the air preheater, and after part of the condensed water of the low-pressure heating system exchanges heat with the low-temperature flue gas through the first heat exchanger, the condensed water flows through the second heat exchanger and a third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the drying machine drying medium.
4. The waste heat utilization system of claim 3, wherein the condensed water entering the first heat exchanger has two branches, and the condensed water exiting the first heat exchanger also has two branches.
5. The waste heat utilization system of claim 3, wherein the heat source inlet of the dryer comprises a first drying medium inlet and a second drying medium inlet, and further comprises a drying medium internal circulation loop and a drying medium external circulation loop; the drying medium internal circulation loop is connected with the internal circulation fan in front of the tail gas outlet of the drier, the second heat exchanger and a second drying medium inlet of the drier, and the drying medium exchanges heat with condensed water in the second heat exchanger; the drying medium external circulation loop is connected with a tail gas outlet of the drying machine, a tail gas condenser, a third heat exchanger and a first drying medium inlet of the drying machine, the tail gas releases heat to condensate in the condenser and dehumidifies, and the dehumidified drying medium exchanges heat with the condensate in the third heat exchanger.
6. The waste heat utilization system of claim 5, wherein the dryer is a belt dryer comprising a drying belt configured as an upper conveying zone and a lower conveying zone, the first drying medium inlet is located below the lower conveying zone, and the second drying medium inlet is located between the lower conveying zone and the upper conveying zone.
7. The waste heat utilization system as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 6, further comprising a high-temperature gas path, one end of the high-temperature gas path is connected with the high-temperature air outlet pipe of the air preheater, and the other end of the high-temperature gas path is connected with the pipe section between the third heat exchanger and the first drying medium inlet of the drying machine; and a flow control valve is arranged on the high-temperature gas path.
8. The waste heat utilization system of claim 7, wherein the gas outlet of the tail gas condenser of the drying machine is further communicated with a low-temperature flue located downstream of the air preheater through a second branch pipeline, and a control valve is disposed on the second branch pipeline.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202220361472.XU CN217464489U (en) | 2022-02-22 | 2022-02-22 | Waste heat utilization system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202220361472.XU CN217464489U (en) | 2022-02-22 | 2022-02-22 | Waste heat utilization system |
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| CN217464489U true CN217464489U (en) | 2022-09-20 |
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