CN217444642U

CN217444642U - Antenna array, antenna module and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN217444642U
Application number: CN202220683859.7U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱乃达; 姚羽; 吴有全; 王咏超
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-03-26
Filing date: 2022-03-26
Publication date: 2022-09-16
Anticipated expiration: 2032-03-26

Abstract

The application discloses an antenna array, an antenna module and electronic equipment, wherein the antenna array comprises a first antenna unit working at a first frequency band and a second antenna unit working at a second frequency band, and the first frequency band is lower than the second frequency band; the number of the second antenna units is multiple, the multiple second antenna units are arranged at intervals along the first direction, the center distance between two adjacent second antenna units is alternately arranged according to a first size range and a second size range, and the first antenna unit is arranged between the two second antenna units with the center distance arranged according to the second size range; wherein any dimension in the first range of dimensions is less than any dimension in the second range of dimensions. The antenna array provided by the application can work in at least two frequency bands simultaneously, and meets the requirements of a wave beam coverage angle range and radiation gain of a higher frequency band.

Description

Antenna array, antenna module and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The embodiment of the application relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular to an antenna array, an antenna module and electronic equipment.

Background

With the development of communication technology, the common-aperture antenna array is widely applied to various electronic devices, and the corresponding antenna array can cover multiple frequency bands to realize the characteristic of multi-band radiation. However, in the conventional antenna array, in order to make the gain of the higher frequency band radiation meet the corresponding requirement, the center distance between the corresponding antenna units needs to be increased properly, and under the center distance, the higher frequency band beam coverage angle of the antenna array is smaller, so that it is difficult to simultaneously meet the requirement of wide-angle radiation.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The application provides an antenna array, antenna module and electronic equipment, can effectively realize the wide angle radiation characteristic of higher frequency channel when satisfying the gain requirement of lower frequency channel radiation.

In order to achieve the technical purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:

in a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna array, including a first antenna unit operating in a first frequency band, and a second antenna unit operating in a second frequency band, where the first frequency band is lower than the second frequency band; the number of the second antenna units is multiple, the multiple second antenna units are arranged at intervals along the first direction, the center distance between two adjacent second antenna units is alternately arranged according to a first size range and a second size range, and the first antenna unit is arranged between the two second antenna units with the center distance arranged according to the second size range; wherein any dimension within the first range of dimensions is less than any dimension within the second range of dimensions.

According to the antenna array provided by the application, the plurality of second antenna units are arranged at intervals, and the center distance between two adjacent second antenna units is alternately arranged according to the first size range and the second size range, so that the beam coverage angle of the antenna array on the second frequency band is larger through the two second antenna units arranged according to the first size range with smaller size; the radiation gain of the antenna array on the second frequency band can be ensured through the two second antenna units which are arranged according to the second size range with larger size. The second antenna units are alternately arranged according to the two center distances, so that the antenna array has both a radiation range and a radiation gain on a second frequency band, and further better working characteristics are obtained.

Further, the operating wavelength of the second antenna unit is shorter because the operating frequency band of the second antenna unit is higher. The length of the outline side of the second antenna unit is preferably set corresponding to the length of the wavelength of the second antenna unit, so that the length of the outline side of the second antenna unit is smaller than that of the first antenna unit, and the center distance between the second antenna unit and the first antenna unit is also smaller. According to the antenna array, the center distance between two adjacent second antenna units can be within the second size range, the accommodation of the first antenna unit with longer outer side length can be achieved, and the antenna array can achieve the double-frequency covering function.

In one possible embodiment, the first size range is: more than or equal to 0.2 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band, and less than or equal to 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band; the second size range is: is more than 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band and less than or equal to 0.75 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band.

In this implementation manner, when the center distance between two adjacent second antenna units is 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band, the two adjacent second antenna units may have both a radiation range and a radiation gain. The first size range can ensure that the distance between two adjacent second antenna units is closer to form a larger beam coverage angle; and the second size range can ensure that the distance between two adjacent second antenna units is longer so as to obtain better radiation gain.

In a possible implementation manner, the number of the first antenna units is also multiple, the multiple first antenna units are also arranged at intervals, and the center distance between two adjacent first antenna units is alternately arranged according to a third size range and a fourth size range; and the center distance between the two first antenna units arranged according to the third size range is smaller than the center distance between the two first antenna units arranged according to the fourth size range.

In this implementation manner, the plurality of first antenna units are arranged at intervals, so that the beam coverage angle and the radiation gain of the antenna array of the present application to the first frequency band can be enhanced. Similar to the arrangement of the second antenna unit, when the center distance between two adjacent first antenna units is smaller, the formed beam coverage angle is larger; when the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements is larger, the radiation gain can be larger. And the first antenna units are alternately arranged according to the third size range and the fourth size range, so that the antenna array has both the radiation range and the radiation gain on the first frequency band, and better working characteristics are obtained.

In one possible implementation, the third size range is: more than or equal to 0.35 times of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band, and less than or equal to 0.65 times of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band; the fourth predetermined size range is: the wavelength is more than or equal to 0.5 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band and less than or equal to 0.8 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

In this implementation manner, when the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements is 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band, the first antenna elements may have both the radiation range and the radiation gain. The third size range can ensure that the distance between two adjacent first antenna units is closer to form a larger beam coverage angle; and the fourth size range can ensure that the distance between two adjacent first antenna elements is longer, so as to obtain better radiation gain.

In a possible implementation manner, the central frequency point of the first frequency band is 27GHz, and the central frequency point of the second frequency band is 40 GHz.

In one possible embodiment, the first size range D1 satisfies the condition: d1 is more than or equal to 1.5mm and less than or equal to 3.5 mm; the second size range D2 satisfies the condition: d2 is more than 3.5mm and less than or equal to 5.5 mm.

In one possible implementation, the center-to-center distances between two adjacent second antenna elements are alternately arranged according to 3.5mm and 5 mm.

In a possible embodiment, the third size range D3 satisfies the condition: d3 is more than or equal to 3.5mm and less than or equal to 6.5 mm; the fourth size range D4 satisfies the condition: d2 is not less than 6.5mm and not more than 8 mm.

In one possible implementation, the center-to-center distances between two adjacent first antenna elements are alternately arranged according to 5mm and 7 mm.

In one possible implementation manner, a ratio k between the second frequency band and the first frequency band satisfies a condition: k is more than or equal to 1.25 and less than 2, and the side length of the first antenna unit in the first direction is less than 0.2 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band; the first size range is: more than or equal to 0.2 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band, and less than or equal to 0.4 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band; the second size range is: more than or equal to 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band, and less than or equal to 0.8 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band.

In this implementation manner, when the ratio k between the second frequency band and the first frequency band is greater than or equal to 1.25, a small frequency difference is formed between the first frequency band and the second frequency band, and the size of the first antenna unit is relatively small, which is beneficial for the antenna array to be arranged in the manner of this embodiment, and greater benefits are obtained in the two frequency bands respectively. And based on the characteristic that the ratio k is less than 2, the first size range and the second size range are correspondingly adjusted, so that the working characteristic of the antenna array in the second frequency band can be improved.

In a possible implementation manner, one first antenna unit is arranged between two adjacent second antenna units arranged according to the second size range, or two first antenna units arranged according to the third size range are arranged in a center-to-center distance mode.

In this implementation manner, the distance between two adjacent second antenna units arranged according to the second size range is relatively large, and two first antenna units arranged according to the third size range may be accommodated, so as to widen the beam coverage angle of the antenna array in the first operating frequency band.

In one possible implementation, the third size range is: more than or equal to 0.2 times of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band, and less than or equal to 0.4 times of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band; the fourth size range is: the wavelength is more than or equal to 0.5 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band and less than or equal to 0.8 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

In one possible implementation manner, a ratio k between the second frequency band and the first frequency band satisfies a condition: k is more than or equal to 2, and the side length of the first antenna unit in the first direction is less than 0.3 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band; the first size range is: more than or equal to 0.2 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band, and less than or equal to 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band; the second size range is: more than or equal to 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band, and less than or equal to 0.8 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band.

In this implementation manner, when the ratio k between the second frequency band and the first frequency band is greater than or equal to 2, a larger frequency difference is formed between the first frequency band and the second frequency band. At this time, when the antenna array is arranged in the manner of this embodiment, greater gains can be obtained in the two frequency bands, respectively.

In a possible implementation manner, the central frequency point of the first frequency band is 24GHz, and the central frequency point of the second frequency band is 60 GHz.

In a possible implementation manner, the first antenna units are also multiple, the multiple first antenna units are also arranged at intervals, and the center distance between two adjacent first antenna units is arranged according to a third size range.

In this implementation manner, because a large frequency difference is formed between the first frequency band and the second frequency band, the distance between two adjacent first antenna units can accommodate two second antenna units arranged according to the first size range, so that the first antenna units are arranged in the antenna array at equal intervals, and the operating characteristics of the antenna array in the first frequency band are further improved.

In one possible implementation, the third size range is: the wavelength is more than or equal to 0.4 times of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band and less than or equal to 0.6 times of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of second antenna units are further arranged at intervals along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a center distance between two adjacent second antenna units is also alternately arranged according to the first size range and the second size range, and the first antenna unit is further arranged between two second antenna units, of which center distances are arranged according to the second size range, along the second direction.

In this implementation, a plurality of second antenna units are arranged at intervals along mutually perpendicular first direction and second direction simultaneously, have formed the structure that a plurality of second antenna unit array were arranged, and this application antenna array also widens into the structure of plane array from linear array, can obtain bigger radiation range, promotes the working characteristic of antenna array in the second frequency channel.

In a possible implementation manner, the first antenna units are also multiple, and the multiple first antenna units are simultaneously arranged at intervals along the first direction and the second direction.

In this implementation, the plurality of first antenna units are also arranged at intervals along the first direction and the second direction that are perpendicular to each other, so that a larger radiation range can be obtained, and the working characteristics of the antenna array in the first frequency band are improved.

The first antenna unit and the second antenna unit are patch antennas or dielectric resonance antennas.

In a second aspect, the present application further provides an antenna module, which includes a substrate, a chip, and the antenna array provided in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, wherein the antenna array and the chip are both connected to the substrate, and the chip is electrically connected to the antenna array.

In the antenna module, the antenna array is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves so as to realize a corresponding radiation function. The chip is electrically connected with the antenna array and used for modulating signals and transmitting the signals to the antenna array or demodulating the signals to obtain corresponding information. The antenna module provided by the application is provided with the antenna array provided by the embodiment of the application, and the chip is electrically connected with the antenna array so as to transmit corresponding feed signals to the antenna array, thereby being capable of working at least in two frequency bands simultaneously and meeting the requirements of a wave beam coverage angle range and radiation gain of a higher frequency band.

In a third aspect, the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes the antenna module according to any one of the embodiments of the second aspect. Electronic equipment includes the casing and the antenna module that this application embodiment provided, and the antenna module is integrated in the casing to realize corresponding antenna radiation function.

This application electronic equipment can also include the mainboard, and the mainboard is connected with the antenna module electricity to supply power to the antenna module. The electronic equipment that this application embodiment provided is through installing the antenna module that this application embodiment provided to can work in two frequency channels simultaneously at least, and satisfy the wave beam coverage angle scope and the radiation gain demand of higher frequency channel.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic layout size diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array in another embodiment according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of antenna elements in a common aperture antenna array for implementing dual-frequency coverage in the prior art;

fig. 11a is a schematic diagram illustrating simulation results of beam coverage angles of an antenna array in a first frequency band according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 11b is a diagram illustrating simulation results of beam coverage angles of a prior art antenna array in a first frequency band;

fig. 12a is a schematic diagram illustrating a simulation result of radiation gain of an antenna array in a first frequency band according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 12b is a diagram illustrating simulation results of radiation gain of a prior art antenna array in a first frequency band;

fig. 13a is a schematic diagram illustrating simulation results of beam coverage angles of an antenna array in a second frequency band according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 13b is a diagram illustrating simulation results of beam coverage angles of a prior art antenna array in a second frequency band;

fig. 14a is a schematic diagram illustrating a simulation result of radiation gain of the antenna array in the second frequency band according to the embodiment of the present application;

fig. 14b is a diagram illustrating simulation results of radiation gain of a prior art antenna array in a second frequency band;

fig. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array in another embodiment according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 17 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array in another embodiment according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 21 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array in another embodiment according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application as a patch antenna;

fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application as a dielectric resonator antenna.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise stated, "and/or" in the text is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more than two. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the range of a to B includes the endpoints a and B.

The directional terms used in the embodiments of the present application, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "side," "top," "bottom," and the like, refer only to the orientation of the figures, and thus, are used for better and clearer illustration and understanding of the embodiments of the present application, rather than to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must be in a particular orientation, constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

It should be understood that "electrically connected" in this application is to be understood as physical and electrical contact of components; it is also understood that different components in the Circuit structure are connected by a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) copper foil or a conductive wire or other physical Circuit capable of transmitting an electrical signal. "connect", "connect" and "connecting" may both refer to a mechanical or physical connection, for example, a and B connect or a and B connect may refer to a member (e.g., screw, bolt, rivet, etc.) that is fastened between a and B, or a and B contact each other and a and B are difficult to separate.

In the present application "length" is to be understood as the physical length of an object, but also as the electrical length. Electrical length may refer to the ratio of the physical length (e.g., mechanical or geometric length) multiplied by the transit time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium to the time required for such signal to travel the same distance in free space as the physical length of the medium, and may satisfy the following equation:

where L is the physical length, a is the transit time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium, and b is the transit time in free space.

Alternatively, the electrical length may also refer to a ratio of a physical length (e.g., a mechanical length or a geometric length) to a wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and the electrical length may satisfy the following formula:

where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. The wavelength referred to in the present application is used to refer to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted in a vacuum.

Switching on: the signal/energy transmission by conducting or communicating two or more components through the above "electrical connection" or "coupling connection" may be referred to as connection.

Beam coverage angle simulation result diagram: also known as radiation patterns. Refers to a graph of the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna radiation field as a function of direction at a distance from the antenna, usually expressed as two mutually perpendicular planar patterns passing through the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.

The beam coverage angle simulation result graph generally has a plurality of radiation beams. The radiation beam in which the radiation intensity is the greatest is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called the side lobes or side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

Radiation gain: for characterizing the extent to which the antenna radiates input power collectively. Generally, the narrower the main lobe of the beam coverage angle simulation result diagram, the smaller the side lobe, and the higher the gain.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4 together, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device in another embodiment; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an electronic device in another embodiment; fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in another embodiment.

The embodiment of the application provides an electronic device 300, and the electronic device 300 includes a housing 301, a main board 302 and the antenna module 200 provided by the embodiment of the application, the antenna module 200 is integrated in the housing 301 to realize a corresponding antenna radiation function, and the main board 302 is electrically connected with the antenna module 200 to supply power to the antenna module 200. It is understood that the electronic device 300 may be a mobile phone, a tablet, a computer, a large screen television, a Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), or any other electronic device 300 with an antenna, and the type of the electronic device 300 is not specifically limited herein.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the electronic device 300 is a mobile phone, and the housing 301 includes a bezel 3011 and a back cover 3012, the bezel 3011 and the back cover 3012 enclose to form a receiving cavity, and the antenna module 200 is received in the receiving cavity. It can be understood that, for the electronic device 300 such as a mobile phone which is relatively small in size and convenient to carry, the antenna array in the antenna module 200 usually adopts a linear array arrangement form of 1 × n (n >1), so as to effectively avoid the mutual interference between other electronic components in the accommodating cavity and the antenna module 200; it should be understood that the antenna array may also adopt a planar array arrangement form of m × n (m >1, n >1), which may be specifically adjusted according to the overall design and arrangement of the electronic components in the accommodating cavity. The main board 302 is also accommodated in the housing 301, and a feeding circuit (not shown) on the main board 302 is connected to the antenna module 200 to supply power to the antenna module 200. It should be noted that the antenna module 200 in the accommodating cavity may be disposed near the top frame 3011, or near the two side frames 3011, where the position near the frame 3011 may refer to the position where the main board 302 faces the edge of the main board 302 of the frame 3011 (as shown in fig. 1) or the position near the edge of the main board 302 (as shown in fig. 2), or may refer to the position attached to the frame 3011. It is understood that the antenna module 200 in the accommodating cavity may be disposed at any other position as long as the function of emitting and/or receiving electromagnetic waves is satisfied, and the distribution position of the antenna module 200 in the electronic device 300 is not specifically limited herein.

As shown in fig. 3, the electronic device 300 is exemplarily a large screen television, and the housing 301 includes a front panel 3013, a middle frame 3014 and a chassis cover 3015, the front panel 3013, the middle frame 3014 and the chassis cover 3015 enclose to form a receiving cavity, and the antenna module 200 is received in the receiving cavity. It can be understood that, for the electronic device 300 with a relatively large size and no need of being portable, such as a large-screen television, the antenna array in the antenna module 200 may adopt a planar array arrangement form of m × n (m >1, n >1), and when the antenna array adopts a planar array arrangement form of m × n (m >1, n >1) as compared with a linear array arrangement form of 1 × n (n >1), two-dimensional radiation may be achieved, and the radiation range is wider, thereby achieving better antenna radiation performance; it should be understood that the antenna array may also adopt a linear array arrangement form of 1 × n (n >1), which may be specifically adjusted according to the overall design and arrangement of the electronic components in the accommodating cavity. The main board 302 is also accommodated in the housing 301, and a feeding circuit (not shown) on the main board 302 is connected to the antenna module 200 to supply power to the antenna module 200.

As shown in fig. 4, the electronic device 300 is a customer premises equipment, the antenna module 200 in the housing 301 has substantially the same structure as the antenna module 200 in the large-screen television, the main board 302 is also accommodated in the housing 301, and a feeding circuit (not shown) on the main board 302 is connected to the antenna module 200 to supply power to the antenna module 200. It should be noted that, when the electronic device 300 is a client front-end device, the housing 301 may further include a base 3016 for supporting the antenna module 200, and the base 3016 may further control the antenna module 200 to rotate, so as to implement a multi-directional radiation function of the antenna. In one embodiment, other circuit elements (not shown) may be disposed in the base 3016 to electrically connect to the antenna module 200.

The electronic device 300 provided by the embodiment of the present application, by installing the antenna module 200 provided by the embodiment of the present application, can simultaneously operate in at least two frequency bands, and can meet the requirements of a higher frequency band for beam coverage angle range and radiation gain. For example, in one embodiment, the antenna module 200 operates in the millimeter wave band, and simultaneously operates in the relatively higher millimeter wave band and the relatively lower millimeter wave band, so as to satisfy the dual-band radiation function. It should be noted that in other embodiments of the present application, the electronic device 300 may include more or fewer components than those shown, or some components may be combined, some components may be separated, or a different arrangement of components may be used.

Referring to fig. 5 and fig. 6, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module in another embodiment.

The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna module 200, where the antenna module 200 includes a substrate 201, a chip 202 and the antenna array 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application, the antenna array 100 and the chip 202 are both connected to the substrate 201, and the chip 202 is electrically connected to the antenna array 100. It can be understood that the antenna module 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application is a common aperture antenna. The co-aperture antenna refers to: a plurality of antenna units with different frequency bands are placed in the same caliber to work, and antennas with different frequency bands are not independently arranged and work respectively. The antenna array 100 is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves to implement a corresponding radiation function. The chip 202 is electrically connected to the antenna array 100 for modulating and transmitting signals to the antenna array 100 or demodulating signals to obtain corresponding information. The substrate 201 may be formed of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) or a Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPC), and the substrate 201 may be a single layer Board or a multi-layer Board. The kind and structure of the substrate 201 are not specifically limited in the present application.

In one embodiment, the antenna module 200 is a phased array antenna. A phased array antenna refers to an antenna that changes a pattern shape by controlling feeding phases of antenna elements in an array antenna. The control phase can change the direction of the maximum value of the antenna pattern so as to achieve the purpose of beam radiation.

It is understood that there are various combinations of the substrate 201, the chip 202 and the antenna array 100, as long as the corresponding antenna radiation function is satisfied. Referring to fig. 5, in an embodiment, the antenna array 100 is disposed on a surface of the substrate 201, the chip 202 is disposed on a side of the substrate 201 away from the antenna array 100, and a physical circuit (not shown) passes through the substrate 201 to connect the chip 202 and the antenna array 100, so as to achieve electrical connection between the chip 202 and the antenna array 100.

Referring to fig. 6, in an embodiment, the antenna array 100 and the chip 202 are disposed on the same side of the substrate 201, the antenna array 100 is disposed on the flexible circuit board 203 and located on a side of the chip 202 away from the substrate 201, and the chip 202 is connected to the antenna array 100 through the flexible circuit board 203. In a specific embodiment, connectors 204 are further disposed between the chip 202 and the flexible circuit board and the substrate 201 to achieve corresponding electrical connection functions.

In an embodiment, a combiner 205 may be further disposed between the chip 202 and the antenna array 100, the combiner 205 is disposed on the substrate 201 or the flexible circuit board 203, and the combiner 205 may combine a plurality of feeding signals of different frequency bands from the chip 202 to form a multi-band combined signal for being transmitted to corresponding antenna units in the antenna array 100, thereby implementing a function of transmitting signals of more frequency bands.

It is understood that the structure of the antenna module 200 includes, but is not limited to, the above structures, and other structures are also possible, and in other embodiments, the antenna module 200 may include more or less components than those shown, or combine some components, or split some components, or arrange different components. The structure of the antenna module 200 is not particularly limited.

The antenna module 200 provided in the embodiment of the present application is configured to install the antenna array 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, and electrically connect the chip 202 with the antenna array 100, so as to transmit corresponding feed signals to the antenna array 100, thereby being capable of working in at least two frequency bands simultaneously, and meeting the requirements of a beam coverage angle range and a radiation gain of a higher frequency band. The antenna array 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below.

Please refer to fig. 7, which is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array 100 according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement size of the antenna array 100; fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of the antenna array 100 in another embodiment.

The embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array 100, where the antenna array 100 includes a first antenna unit 10 and a second antenna unit 20. The first antenna unit 10 operates in a first frequency band F1, and the second antenna unit 20 operates in a second frequency band F2. The first frequency band F1 is lower than the second frequency band F2. For the antenna array of the present application, the frequency ranges covered by the first frequency band F1 and the second frequency band F2 may be multiple, and it only needs to be satisfied that any frequency point in the second frequency band F2 is higher than any frequency point in the first frequency band F1. For example, the first band F1 may be considered a lower band and the second band F2 may be considered an upper band. Illustratively, the first frequency band F1 is a full coverage frequency band including a frequency band n257 and a frequency band n258, for example, the first frequency band F1 covers a frequency range of 24.25GHz to 29.5 GHz; the second frequency band F2 is a full coverage frequency band including a frequency band n259 and a frequency band n260, for example, the frequency range covered by the second frequency band F2 is 37GHz to 43.5 GHz.

The number of the second antenna units 20 is plural, and the plural second antenna units 20 are arranged at intervals along the first direction 001. The first antenna element 10 is disposed between two adjacent second antenna elements 20. The second antenna units 20 are arranged at intervals along the first direction 001, and the center-to-center distance between two adjacent second antenna units 20 is set according to a preset size range. Specifically, the preset size range includes a first size range D1 and a second size range D2 that are alternately arranged. Wherein any dimension of the first range of dimensions D1 is smaller than any dimension of the second range of dimensions D2. The first antenna element 10 is then located between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 arranged according to a second size range D2.

It is understood that the center-to-center distance between every two adjacent second antenna elements 20 refers to: the structural center of one of the second antenna elements 20 is spaced from the structural center of another adjacent second antenna element 20 by a distance.

It is also understood that the structures of the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 may be various as long as the respective antenna radiation functions can be satisfied. Illustratively, each of the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 includes at least a radiator and a feed point, the feed point being used for connecting with a corresponding feed circuit to supply power to the radiator, and the radiator being used for radiating electromagnetic waves. The structures of the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 are not particularly limited.

For the alternating arrangement of the first size range D1 and the second size range D2 in this application, it is understood that: when the center distance between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 is arranged according to the first size range D1, the center distance between at least one second antenna element 20 of the two adjacent second antenna elements 20 and the other adjacent second antenna element 20 is arranged according to the second size range D2; on the contrary, when two adjacent second antenna elements 20 are arranged according to the second size range D2, the center distance between at least one second antenna element 20 of the two adjacent second antenna elements 20 and the other adjacent second antenna element 20 is arranged according to the first size range D1.

In the illustration of fig. 7 and 8, the number of second antenna elements 20 is four, wherein the center-to-center distance between two second antenna elements 20 located in the middle is set to a first center-to-center distance D1, which is the size within the first size range D1 as D1. And the center distance between the two second antenna units 20 located in the middle and the one second antenna unit 20 located on the other side is set as a second center distance d 2. The second center-to-center distance D2 is the dimension within the second dimension range D2. Thus, the center distances between the four second antenna elements 20 are alternately arranged in the manner of "second center distance d 2-first center distance d 1-second center distance d 2".

When the antenna array 100 operates in the second frequency band F2, the larger the center distance between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 is, the better the gain performance of the antenna array 100 in the higher frequency band (the second frequency band F2) is. Specifically, please refer to the equivalent formula of gain calculation:

where G represents the gain of the antenna array 100; s represents the aperture area of the antenna array 100, which is positively related to the center-to-center spacing between the second antenna elements 20; λ represents the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave corresponding to the central frequency of the antenna array 100 in the working frequency band, where the central frequency of the working frequency band refers to the frequency corresponding to the central point of the working frequency band; η represents the efficiency, which is related to the material loss and return loss of the antenna array 100.

As shown in the formula (1), when the antenna array 100 operates in the second frequency band F2, the larger the center distance between every two adjacent second antenna units 20 is, the better the gain performance of the antenna array 100 in the frequency band is; moreover, as can be known from the theory of antenna radiation, when the center-to-center distance between every two adjacent second antenna elements 20 is too large, a grating lobe is generated in an antenna pattern corresponding to the antenna array 100, so that the performance of the antenna array 100 is degraded. Based on this, the center-to-center distance between every two adjacent second antenna elements 20 should be at least set within the second size range D2, so as to effectively increase the gain of the antenna array 100 in the second frequency band F2 while avoiding the generation of grating lobes.

On the other hand, when the antenna array 100 operates in the second frequency band F2, the smaller the center distance between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 is, the larger the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100 in the higher frequency band (the second frequency band F2) is, thereby effectively achieving the characteristic of wide-angle radiation in the higher frequency band. Specifically, please refer to the formula:

where θ represents the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100; d represents the center-to-center distance between two adjacent second antenna elements 20; λ represents a wavelength corresponding to a central frequency of the antenna array 100 in the working frequency band, where the central frequency of the working frequency band refers to a frequency corresponding to a central point of the working frequency band; and delta phi denotes a phase difference between adjacent two second antenna elements 20.

As can be seen from the equation (2) and the related theory, the maximum value of the phase difference is 180 °, and the value of d is inversely proportional to the value of θ when the phase difference is kept constant. By reducing the center distance between two adjacent second antenna units 20, the θ value can be effectively increased, so that the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100 in the second frequency band F2 is improved, and the characteristic of high-frequency-band wide-angle radiation is effectively realized. It should be further noted that, in combination with equation (1), in order to make the gain of the antenna array 100 in the second frequency band F2 meet the corresponding requirement, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent second antenna units 20 should also be set to be appropriately large. Based on this, the center-to-center distance between the adjacent two second antenna elements 20 is set within the first size range D1.

Therefore, when the second antenna elements 20 in the antenna array 100 of the present application are alternately arranged according to the first center distance d1 and the second center distance d2, two second antenna elements 20 arranged according to the first center distance d1 may form a larger beam coverage angle, and two second antenna elements 20 arranged according to the second center distance d2 may form a larger radiation gain. The two are alternatively complementary, so that the effect of simultaneously considering the beam coverage angle and the radiation gain of the antenna array 100 in the second frequency band F2 is achieved.

In the arrangement of the antenna array 100 of the present application in another embodiment shown in fig. 9, only one second antenna element 20 is disposed between two groups of second antenna elements 20 arranged according to the first center-to-center distance d 1. The only one second antenna unit 20 and the two second antenna units 20 on both sides thereof are arranged at a second center distance d 2. Thus, in the present embodiment, the center distances between the plurality of second antenna elements 20 are alternately arranged in the manner of "second center distance d 2-first center distance d 1-second center distance d 2-second center distance d 2-first center distance d1 … …".

In the embodiment provided in fig. 9, the number of the second antenna elements 20 is larger, and it can be regarded as an embodiment in which the arrangement provided in fig. 7 and 8 is linearly spread. Correspondingly, the antenna array 100 provided in the embodiment of fig. 9 also achieves the effect of simultaneously considering the beam coverage angle and the radiation gain in the second frequency band F2 due to the arrangement manner of the second antenna units 20.

In one embodiment, the first size range D1 is: the wavelength lambda corresponding to the second frequency band F2 is larger than or equal to ₂ 0.2 times of the wavelength of the second frequency band F2, and is less than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the second frequency band F2 ₂ 0.5 times of; the second size range is: is greater than the wavelength lambda corresponding to the second frequency band F2 ₂ 0.5 times of the wavelength λ corresponding to the second frequency band F2 ₂ 0.75 times of.

Based on the foregoing formula (1) and formula (2), when the center distance between two adjacent second antenna units 20 is the wavelength λ corresponding to the second frequency band F2 ₂ 0.5 times, it can have both radiation range and radiation gain. The first size range D1 is set to ensure that the center distance between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 is closer to form a larger beam coverage angle; and the second size range D2 is set to ensure that the distance between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 is longer to obtain better radiation gain.

In a possible embodiment, the center frequency point of the second frequency band F2 is 40GHz, and the center distance between two adjacent second antenna units 20 may be set as: the first size range D1 satisfies the condition: d1 is more than or equal to 1.5mm and less than or equal to 3.5 mm; the second size range D2 satisfies the condition: d2 is more than 3.5mm and less than or equal to 5.5 mm. Further, the center-to-center distances between adjacent two second antenna elements 20 may be alternately arranged by 3.5mm and 5 mm.

Referring back to fig. 7 and 8, the number of the first antenna elements 10 may also be multiple, and the multiple first antenna elements 10 are also arranged in a linear array along the first direction 001. Further, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is also set according to a preset range. Specifically, the preset size range includes a third size range D3 and a fourth size range D4 that are alternately arranged. Wherein any dimension of the third range of dimensions D3 is smaller than any dimension of the fourth range of dimensions D4.

It is understood that the center-to-center distance between every two adjacent first antenna elements 10 refers to: the structural center of one of the first antenna elements 10 is spaced from the structural center of another adjacent first antenna element 10 by a distance.

For the alternating arrangement of the third size range D3 and the fourth size range D4 in the present application, it is also understood that: when the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is arranged according to the third size range D3, the center distance between at least one first antenna element 10 of the two adjacent first antenna elements 10 and the other side adjacent first antenna element 10 is arranged according to the fourth size range D4; on the contrary, when two adjacent first antenna elements 10 are arranged according to the fourth size range D4, at least one first antenna element 10 of the two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is arranged according to the third size range D3 with respect to the center distance between the other side and the adjacent first antenna element 10.

In the illustration of fig. 7 and 8, the number of first antenna elements 10 is four, wherein the center-to-center distance between two first antenna elements 10 in the middle is set to a fourth center-to-center distance D4, which fourth center-to-center distance D4 is the size within the fourth size range D4. And the center distance between the two first antenna elements 10 positioned in the middle and the other first antenna element 10 positioned on the other side is set as a third center distance d 3. The third center-to-center distance D3 is the dimension within the third dimension range D3. Thus, the center distances between the four first antenna elements 10 are alternately arranged in the manner of "third center distance d 3-fourth center distance d 4-third center distance d 3".

As can be further seen from fig. 7 and 8, when the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is the fourth center distance d4, a sufficient accommodating space may be provided between the two adjacent first antenna elements 10 to accommodate two second antenna elements 20 arranged according to the first center distance d 1. When the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is the third center distance d3, only one second antenna element 20 needs to be accommodated between the two adjacent first antenna elements 10. Thus, the antenna array 100 of the present application simultaneously realizes the spaced arrangement of the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 in the first direction 001.

Further, the principle of the arrangement of the second antenna unit 20 is similar. When the antenna array 100 operates in the first frequency band F1, the larger the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is, the better the gain performance of the antenna array 100 in the lower frequency band (the first frequency band F1) is; the smaller the center-to-center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10, the larger the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100 in the lower frequency band (the first frequency band F1).

Therefore, when the first antenna elements 10 in the antenna array 100 of the present application are alternately arranged according to the third center-to-center distance d3 and the fourth center-to-center distance d4, two first antenna elements 10 arranged according to the third center-to-center distance d3 may form a larger beam coverage angle, and two first antenna elements 10 arranged according to the fourth center-to-center distance d4 may form a larger radiation gain. The two are alternatively complementary, so that the effects of simultaneously considering the beam coverage angle and the radiation gain of the antenna array 100 in the first frequency band F1 are achieved.

In another arrangement of the antenna array 100 of the present application shown in fig. 9, a first antenna element 10 is disposed between two adjacent groups of second antenna elements 20 arranged according to the second center distance d 2. Since only one second antenna element 20 is disposed between the two first antenna elements 10, the center-to-center distance between the two first antenna elements 10 may be set to the third center-to-center distance d 3. On the other side of the two first antenna elements 10 arranged according to the third center distance d3, which is far away from each other, one first antenna element 10 is arranged according to the fourth center distance d 4. And two second antenna elements 20 arranged according to the first center distance d1 are arranged between two first antenna elements 10 arranged according to the fourth center distance d 4. That is, in the present embodiment, the center distances between the first antenna elements 10 are alternately arranged in the manner of "third center distance d 3-fourth center distance d 4-third center distance d 3-fourth center distance d 4-third center distance d3 … …".

In the embodiment provided in fig. 9, the number of the first antenna elements 10 is larger, and the embodiment provided in fig. 7 and 8 in which the arrangement of the first antenna elements 10 is linearly extended can also be considered. Correspondingly, the antenna array 100 provided in the embodiment of fig. 9 also achieves the effect of simultaneously considering both the beam coverage angle and the radiation gain in the first frequency band F1 due to the arrangement manner of the first antenna elements 10.

In one embodiment, the third size range D3 is: more than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.35 times of the first frequency band F1, and is less than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.65 times of; the fourth size range is: is greater than the wavelength lambda corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.5 times of the wavelength of the fourth frequency band and less than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the fourth frequency band ₁ 0.8 times of the total weight of the powder.

Based on the similar principle of the second antenna unit 20, when the center distance between two adjacent first antenna units 10 is the wavelength λ corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.5 times of the radiation range, the radiation gain can be achieved. The third size range D3 is set to ensure that the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is closer to form a larger beam coverage angle; the fourth size range D4 is set to ensure a longer distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 for better radiation gain.

In a possible embodiment, the center frequency point of the first frequency band F1 is 27GHz, and the center distance between two adjacent first antenna units 10 may be set as: the third size range D3 satisfies the condition: d3 is more than or equal to 3.5mm and less than or equal to 6.5 mm; the fourth size range D4 satisfies the condition: d2 is not less than 6.5mm and not more than 8 mm. Further, the center-to-center distances between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 may be alternately arranged by 5mm and 7 mm.

It is understood that, based on the embodiments of fig. 7-9, the antenna array 100 of the present application may further arrange more first antenna elements 10 and second antenna elements 20 along the first direction 001, and is not limited to the number of antenna elements in the antenna array 100 shown in fig. 9.

Fig. 10 illustrates an arrangement of antenna elements in a common aperture antenna array 100a for implementing dual-frequency coverage in the prior art. In the antenna array 100a of the prior art, the first antenna element 10a and the second antenna element 20a are also provided, and the first antenna element 10a of the prior art also operates in the first frequency band F1, and the second antenna element 20a of the prior art operates in the second frequency band F2 higher than the first frequency band F1. The first antenna element 10a and the second antenna element 20a are arranged at an equal distance d 0. The center distance may be set according to 0.5 times of the wavelength λ 1 corresponding to the first frequency band F1 (as shown in fig. 10), or may be set according to 0.5 times of the wavelength λ 2 corresponding to the second frequency band F2.

The prior art antenna array 100a is arranged in a manner (with an equal spacing d0) that only considers a certain frequency band. If the beam coverage angle performance of the lower frequency band (the first frequency band F1) is considered, the distance between the second antenna units 20a in the higher frequency band (the second frequency band F2) is too large, so that side lobes are easily formed, and the effective beam coverage angle is reduced; if the beam coverage angle performance of the higher frequency band (the second frequency band F2) is considered, the antenna aperture of the lower frequency band (the first frequency band F1) is reduced, which results in a reduction in the gain of the first frequency band F1, poor isolation, and a reduction in the antenna aperture efficiency.

Please refer to fig. 11a and 11b, which respectively show the simulation result of the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100 of the present application and the simulation result of the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100a of the prior art in the first frequency band F1; fig. 12a and 12b respectively show the simulation result of the radiation gain of the antenna array 100 of the present application and the simulation result of the radiation gain of the antenna array 100a of the prior art in the first frequency band F1; fig. 13a and 13b respectively show the simulation result of the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100 of the present application and the simulation result of the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100a of the prior art in the second frequency band F2; fig. 14a and fig. 14b respectively show the radiation gain simulation result of the antenna array 100 of the present application and the radiation gain simulation result of the antenna array 100a of the prior art in the second frequency band F2. Fig. 11a, fig. 12a, fig. 13a, and fig. 14a are schematic simulation results of the antenna array 100 of the present application.

As can be seen from the comparison, the radiation gain of the antenna array 100 of the present invention can be increased by about 0.4dBi in the lower operating frequency band (the first frequency band F1), and the scanning angle is slightly decreased from 54 ° to about 50 °; in the higher operating band (the second frequency band F2), the radiation gain of the antenna array 100 of the present invention is slightly reduced by about 0.4dBi, and the scanning angle is increased from 34 ° to about 56 °. That is, the antenna elements of the prior art antenna array 100a are arranged in a manner that the lower working frequency band (the first frequency band F1) is considered, so that the beam coverage angle and the radiation gain effect of the prior art antenna array 100a in the first frequency band F1 are relatively close to those of the antenna array 100 of the present application. However, in the higher operating band (the second frequency band F2), the scanning angle (only 34 °) of the prior art antenna array 100a is lost, which makes the operating characteristics of the prior art antenna array 100a in the second frequency band F2 relatively poor.

After the antenna array 100 of the present application is arranged based on the above-mentioned embodiment, the difference between the radiation gain of the antenna array 100 in the second frequency band F2 and the antenna array 100a in the prior art is small, and the beam coverage angle is greatly improved, which is better than the balance performance of the antenna array 100a in the prior art, so that the defect that the antenna array 100a in the prior art can only consider a certain frequency can be avoided, and the antenna array 100 of the present application can achieve the effect of combining the beam coverage angle and the radiation gain on two different frequency bands.

Referring to fig. 15, in one embodiment, the plurality of second antenna elements 20 are further arranged at intervals along a second direction 002 perpendicular to the first direction 001, a center distance between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 is also alternately arranged according to a first size range D1 and a second size range D2, and the first antenna element 10 is further arranged between two second antenna elements 20 arranged according to a second size range D2 along the second direction 002. In the present embodiment, the plurality of second antenna units 20 form a planar array arrangement, and the antenna array 100 of the present application is also widened from a linear array to a planar array. The antenna array 100 arranged in the planar array can obtain a larger radiation range, and the operating characteristics of the antenna array 100 in the second frequency band F2 are improved.

Further, in the embodiment shown in fig. 15, there may be a plurality of first antenna elements 10, and the plurality of first antenna elements 10 are also arranged at intervals along the first direction 001 and the second direction 002. At this time, the operation characteristics of the antenna array 100 of the present application in the first frequency band F1 are also improved.

In the present embodiment, to realize that the plurality of first antenna elements 10 and the plurality of second antenna elements 20 are arranged at intervals in the first direction 001 and the second direction 002 which are perpendicular to each other at the same time, it is necessary that each first antenna element 10 is arranged at an interval in the first direction 001 and the second direction 002 with respect to each second antenna element 20 at the same time, and each second antenna element 20 is also arranged at an interval in the first direction 001 and the second direction 002 with respect to each first antenna element 10 at the same time. In the illustration of fig. 15, therefore, the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 are different from the side-by-side arrangement in fig. 7 to 9, but form an arrangement in which they are staggered in a grid-like manner in the planar direction. The arrangement can satisfy the spacing distance condition in two directions at the same time, so as to ensure the planar structure operating characteristics of the antenna array 100.

Please refer to fig. 16, which is a schematic diagram illustrating an arrangement of an antenna array 100 according to another embodiment of the present application; fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the antenna array 100 linearly expanded on the basis of fig. 16.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 16, the ratio k between the second frequency band F2 and the first frequency band F1 satisfies the condition: k is more than or equal to 1.25 and less than 2. It will be appreciated that the ratio is understood to be the ratio between the center frequency of the second frequency band F2 and the center frequency of the first frequency band F1. Within this ratio, the frequency difference between the second frequency band F2 and the first frequency band F1 is relatively small. Further, the side length L1 of the first antenna element 10 in the first direction 001 is smaller than the wavelength λ corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.2 times of the total weight of the powder. That is, the side length L1 of the first antenna element 10 is also relatively small at this time. At this time, in the antenna array 100 of the present application, the first size range D1 may be set as: the wavelength lambda corresponding to the second frequency band F2 is larger than or equal to ₂ 0.2 times of the first frequency band and less than or equal to the second frequency band F2 lambda ₂ 0.4 times of the corresponding wavelength; the second size range D2 may be set to: the wavelength lambda corresponding to the second frequency band F2 is larger than or equal to ₂ 0.5 times of the wavelength λ corresponding to the second frequency band F2 ₂ 0.8 times of the total weight of the powder.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 16, the number of the second antenna elements 20 is four, wherein the center-to-center distance between two second antenna elements 20 located in the middle is set as a second center-to-center distance D2, and the second center-to-center distance D2 is the size within the second size range D2. And the center distance between the two second antenna units 20 located in the middle and the one second antenna unit 20 located on the other side is set as the first center distance d 1. The first center-to-center distance D1 is the dimension within the first dimension range D1. Thus, the center distances between the four second antenna elements 20 are alternately arranged in the manner of "first center distance d 1-second center distance d 2-first center distance d 1".

Further, in the embodiment shown in fig. 16, the number of the first antenna elements 10 may also be multiple, and the multiple first antenna elements 10 are also arranged in a linear array along the first direction 001. The center-to-center distances between adjacent two first antenna elements 10 are also alternately arranged according to the third size range D3 and the fourth size range D4. In one embodiment, the third size range D3 may be set to: more than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.2 times of the first frequency band F1, and is less than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.4 times of; the fourth size range D4 may be set to: more than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.5 times of the first frequency band F1, and is less than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.8 times of the total weight of the powder.

In the illustration of fig. 16, the number of first antenna elements 10 is four, wherein the center-to-center distance between the two first antenna elements 10 in the middle is set to a third center-to-center distance D3, which is the dimension within the third dimension range D3 as D3. And the center distance between the two first antenna elements 10 in the middle and the other first antenna element 10 on the other side is set as a fourth center distance d 4. The fourth center-to-center distance D4 is the dimension within the fourth dimension range D4. Thus, the center distances between the four first antenna elements 10 are alternately arranged in the manner of "fourth center distance d 4-third center distance d 3-fourth center distance d 4".

In the embodiment provided in fig. 16, because the frequencies of the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 are relatively close to each other, and the external dimensions of the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 are also relatively close to each other, in the embodiment of fig. 16, between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 arranged according to the third center distance d3, the structure of the second antenna element 20 may not be provided, so as to ensure that the distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is closer, and the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100 in the first frequency band F1 is improved.

On the other hand, since the frequencies between the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 are relatively close, when the center distance between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 is set as the second center distance d2, one first antenna element 10 may be accommodated, or two first antenna elements 10 arranged at the third center distance d3 may be accommodated at the same time. Thus, in the embodiment shown in fig. 17, one first antenna element 10 is disposed between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 arranged according to the second size range D2 in the antenna array 100 of the present application, or two first antenna elements 10 arranged according to the third size range D3 are disposed at a center-to-center distance.

Therefore, in the linearly-spread arrangement of the antenna array 100 of the present application shown in fig. 17, the center distances between the second antenna elements 20 may be alternately arranged in a manner of "second center distance d 2-first center distance d 1-second center distance d 2-first center distance d 1-second center distance d 2". And one or two first antenna units 10 may be located between two adjacent second antenna units 20 arranged according to the second center distance D2, so that the second center distance D2 between two adjacent second antenna units 20 may be further formed into two distances, and both distances are located within the second size range D2. Such an arrangement forms an effect of various combinations of center distances between the second antenna elements 20 in the antenna array 100, which can further improve the effect of the antenna array 100 in consideration of the operating characteristics in the second frequency band F2.

When two adjacent first antenna elements 10 are arranged at the third center-to-center distance d3, the third center-to-center distance d3 may be set closer because there is no second antenna element 20 therebetween, so as to ensure the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100 in the first frequency band F1.

Fig. 18 provides a structural illustration of the antenna array 100 in the embodiment shown in fig. 16 and 17 arranged in a planar array. In the illustration in fig. 18, the first antenna elements 10 and the second antenna elements 20 are arranged at intervals along the first direction 001 and the second direction 002, respectively, and the center distances between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 are also staggered in the manner of the first size range D1 and the second size range D2, so as to improve the operating characteristics of the antenna array 100 on the second frequency band F2; the center distances between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 are also staggered according to the third size range D3 and the fourth size range D4, so as to improve the operating characteristics of the antenna array 100 in the first frequency band F1.

One embodiment is shown in fig. 19-21. Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an antenna array 100 according to another embodiment of the present application; fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the antenna array 100 in the linear expansion mode based on fig. 19; fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the antenna array 100 in the planar array expansion based on fig. 19 and 20.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 19, the ratio k between the second frequency band F2 and the first frequency band F1 satisfies the condition: k is more than or equal to 2. It will be appreciated that the ratio is understood to be the ratio between the center frequency of the second frequency band F2 and the center frequency of the first frequency band F1. For example, the center frequency point of the first frequency band F1 is 24GHz, and the center frequency point of the second frequency band F2 is 60 GHz. Within this ratio, the frequency difference between the second frequency band F2 and the first frequency band F1 is relatively large. Further, the length L1 of the first antenna element 10 in the first direction 001 is smaller than the corresponding wavelength λ of the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.3 times of the total weight of the powder. At this time, in the antenna array 100 of the present application, the first size range D1 may be set as: more than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the second frequency band F2 ₂ 0.2 times of the first frequency band and less than or equal to the second frequency band F2 lambda ₂ 0.5 times of the corresponding wavelength; the second size range D2 mayThe method comprises the following steps: more than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the second frequency band F2 ₂ 0.5 times of the wavelength λ corresponding to the second frequency band F2 ₂ 0.8 times of the total weight of the powder.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 19, the number of the second antenna elements 20 is six, wherein the center distance between two second antenna elements 20 located in the middle is set as a first center distance d1, and the center distance between the two second antenna elements 20 located in the middle and one second antenna element 20 located on the other side is set as a second center distance d 2. And the center-to-center distance between the two other-side second antenna elements 20 and the corresponding other-adjacent second antenna elements 20 is set to the first center-to-center distance d 1. Therefore, the center distances among the six second antenna elements 20 are alternately arranged in a mode of "first center distance d 1-second center distance d 2-first center distance d 1-second center distance d 2-first center distance d 1".

Further, in the embodiment shown in fig. 19, the number of the first antenna units 10 may also be multiple, and the multiple first antenna units 10 are also arranged in a linear array along the first direction 001. The center-to-center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is set according to the third size range D3. In one embodiment, the third size range D3 may be set to: more than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.4 times of the first frequency band F1, and is less than or equal to the wavelength lambda corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ 0.6 times of the total weight of the powder.

In the present embodiment, since the frequency between the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 is relatively large, the difference in the external dimensions between the two elements is also relatively large. The first antenna elements 10 with larger size may therefore be arranged at equal intervals according to the third center distance d3 in the embodiment of fig. 19, so as to ensure that the distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is kept at the wavelength λ corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ About 0.5 times of the total weight of the powder. As mentioned in the foregoing, when the center distance between the antenna elements is set according to 0.5 times of the operating wavelength thereof, both the beam coverage angle and the radiation gain in the frequency band can be considered. In the present embodiment, since the difference in the external dimensions between the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 is relatively large, the first antenna element 10 can be separated from the second antenna elementThe arrangement in the equidistant manner does not affect the arrangement manner of the second antenna units 20 alternately arranged according to the first size range D1 and the second size range D2, and the operating characteristics of the antenna array 100 in the first frequency band F1 are also ensured.

Therefore, in the linearly-spread arrangement of the antenna array 100 of the present application shown in fig. 20, the center distances between the second antenna elements 20 may be alternately arranged in a manner of "second center distance d 2-first center distance d 1-second center distance d 2-first center distance d 1-second center distance d2 … …". The first antenna elements 10 are arranged at equal intervals according to the third center distance d 3.

It should be noted that, in some embodiments, when the plurality of first antenna elements 10 are disposed according to the third size range D3, the spacing therebetween may also be floated within the third size range, so as to take into account the beam coverage angle and/or the radiation gain of the antenna array 100 in the first frequency band F1. Illustratively, when the center-to-center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is determined according to the wavelength λ corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ At 0.4 times, the beam coverage angle of the antenna array 100 in the first frequency band F1 may be increased accordingly; when the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is according to the wavelength λ corresponding to the first frequency band F1 ₁ At the 0.6-fold setting, the radiation gain of the antenna array 100 in the first frequency band F1 may be increased accordingly. In this embodiment, the center distance of the first antenna unit 10 may be adjusted based on the actual usage scenario and the requirement of the antenna array 100.

In fig. 21, the first antenna elements 10 and the second antenna elements 20 are arranged at intervals along the first direction 001 and the second direction 002, respectively, and the center distances between two adjacent second antenna elements 20 are also staggered in the manner of the first size range D1 and the second size range D2, so as to improve the operating characteristics of the antenna array 100 on the second frequency band F2; the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements 10 is set according to the third size range D3, so as to improve the operating characteristics of the antenna array 100 in the first frequency band F1.

Referring to fig. 22, the antenna array 100 of the present application may further include a third antenna element 30. The third antenna unit 30 may operate in a third frequency band F3, where the third frequency band F3 may be higher than the second frequency band F2 or lower than the first frequency band F1. In the illustration of fig. 22, the third frequency band F3 in which the third antenna element 30 operates is higher than the second frequency band F2, and the outer dimension of the third antenna element 30 is smaller than that of the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20. The third antenna elements 30 are arranged at intervals in the gap formed by the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20. It is understood that the gap may be a gap between two first antenna elements 10, a gap between two second antenna elements 20, and a gap between the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20.

The number of the third antenna units 30 may also be multiple, and multiple third antenna units 30 may be arranged at intervals. Further, the center distance between two adjacent third antenna elements 30 may also be set in a manner that the fifth size range D5 and the sixth size range D6 are alternately arranged, wherein any size in the fifth size range D5 is smaller than any size in the sixth size range D6. Due to the arrangement of the third antenna units 30, the antenna array 100 of the present application can work in at least three frequency bands, and because the center distances of the third antenna units 30 are also arranged alternately, the antenna array 100 can also give consideration to the beam coverage angle and the radiation gain of the antenna array 100 on the third frequency band F3, thereby ensuring the working characteristics of the antenna array 100 on the third frequency band F3.

See fig. 23 for one embodiment. In this embodiment, the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 are both patch antennas, and the antenna array 100 is formed by patch antennas. The first antenna unit 10 is provided with two first feeding ports 11, the two first feeding ports 11 are arranged at intervals and are respectively arranged at two corners of the first antenna unit 10, one first feeding port 11 is connected with one feeding line (not shown), the other first feeding port 11 is connected with the other feeding line (not shown), and the two feeding lines are perpendicular to each other and feed signals to the first antenna unit 10 together to form a dual-polarized patch antenna; the second antenna unit 20 is provided with two second feeding ports 12, the two second feeding ports 12 are arranged at intervals and are respectively arranged at two corners of the second antenna unit 20, one second feeding port 12 is connected with one feeding line, the other second feeding port 12 is connected with the other feeding line, and the two feeding lines are perpendicular to each other and feed signals to the second antenna unit 20 together to form a dual-polarized patch antenna. It should be noted that the dual-polarized antenna may be, for example, an antenna combining +45 ° and-45 ° polarization directions that are orthogonal to each other and simultaneously operating in a transmit-receive duplex mode.

It is understood that the first feeding port 11 and the second feeding port 12 may be disposed at other positions of the antenna unit as long as the corresponding functional requirements can be met, and the positions of the first feeding port 11 and the second feeding port 12 are not specifically limited herein. It will also be appreciated that the "perpendicular" in this embodiment may not be strictly mutually perpendicular, i.e. the angle between the two feeder lines mentioned in the embodiments of the present application is close to 90 °, but may not be 90 °, for example: when the angle is within the range of 80-100 degrees, the angle can be regarded as vertical.

Referring to fig. 24, in another embodiment, the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 are both dielectric resonator antennas, and the antenna array 100 is formed by dielectric resonator antennas. The first antenna unit 10 includes a first metal pillar 110, a first non-metal dielectric block 120, a second non-metal dielectric block 130, and a first metal sheet 140 disposed at the bottom of the first metal pillar 110, the first metal sheet 140 is provided with two first feeding ports 11, the two first feeding ports 11 are disposed at intervals and disposed at two edges of the first metal sheet 140, respectively, one first feeding port 11 is connected to one feeding line (not shown), the other first feeding port 11 is connected to the other feeding line (not shown), and the two feeding lines are perpendicular to each other and feed signals into the first antenna unit 10 together to form a dual-polarized dielectric resonant antenna; the second antenna unit 20 includes a second metal pillar 210, a third non-metal dielectric block 220, a fourth non-metal dielectric block 230, and a second metal sheet 240 disposed at the bottom of the second metal pillar 210, where the second metal sheet 240 is provided with two second feeding ports 12, the two second feeding ports 12 are disposed at intervals and are disposed on two side portions of the second metal sheet 240, respectively, one of the second feeding ports 12 is connected to one feeding line (not shown), the other second feeding port 12 is connected to the other feeding line (not shown), and the two feeding lines are perpendicular to each other and feed signals into the second antenna unit 20 together, so as to form a dual-polarized dielectric resonant antenna.

In summary, no matter the first antenna unit 10 and the second antenna unit 20 are patch antennas or dielectric resonator antennas, the antenna array 100 formed by the two can meet the antenna performance requirement in the corresponding frequency band. It is also understood that the types of the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 include, but are not limited to, a patch antenna and a dielectric resonator antenna, and may be any other types of antennas that satisfy the corresponding functional requirements, and the types of the first antenna element 10 and the second antenna element 20 are not specifically limited herein.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application; the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna array, comprising a first antenna unit operating in a first frequency band, and a second antenna unit operating in a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band is lower than the second frequency band;

the number of the second antenna units is multiple, the multiple second antenna units are arranged at intervals along a first direction, the center distance between two adjacent second antenna units is alternately arranged according to a first size range and a second size range, and the first antenna unit is arranged between the two second antenna units with the center distance arranged according to the second size range; wherein any dimension within the first range of dimensions is smaller than any dimension within the second range of dimensions.

2. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the first size range is: the wavelength is more than or equal to 0.2 time of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band and less than or equal to 0.5 time of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band;

the second size range is: and the wavelength is more than 0.5 time of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band and less than or equal to 0.75 time of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band.

3. An antenna array according to claim 2, wherein the first antenna elements are also plural, the plural first antenna elements are also arranged at intervals, and the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements is alternately arranged according to a third size range and a fourth size range; the center distance between the two first antenna units arranged according to the third size range is smaller than the center distance between the two first antenna units arranged according to the fourth size range.

4. An antenna array according to claim 3, wherein the third size range is: the wavelength is more than or equal to 0.35 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band and less than or equal to 0.65 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band;

the fourth size range is: the wavelength is greater than or equal to 0.5 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band and less than or equal to 0.8 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

5. An antenna array according to claim 4 wherein the first frequency band is centered at 27GHz and the second frequency band is centered at 40 GHz.

6. An antenna array according to claim 5, wherein the center-to-center distances between two adjacent second antenna elements are alternately arranged according to 3.5mm and 5 mm.

7. An antenna array according to claim 5, wherein the center-to-center distances between adjacent two of the first antenna elements are alternately arranged at 5mm and 7 mm.

8. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the ratio k between the second frequency band and the first frequency band satisfies the condition: k is more than or equal to 1.25 and less than 2, and the side length of the first antenna unit in the first direction is less than 0.2 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band;

the first size range is: more than or equal to 0.2 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band, and less than or equal to 0.4 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band;

the second size range is: the wavelength is greater than or equal to 0.5 time of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band and less than or equal to 0.8 time of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band.

9. An antenna array according to claim 8, wherein the first antenna elements are also plural, the plural first antenna elements are also arranged at intervals, and the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements is alternately arranged according to a third size range and a fourth size range; the center distance between the two first antenna units arranged according to the third size range is smaller than the center distance between the two first antenna units arranged according to the fourth size range.

10. An antenna array according to claim 9, wherein one of said first antenna elements is located between two adjacent ones of said second antenna elements arranged according to said second size range, or two of said first antenna elements are located with a center-to-center distance arranged according to said third size range.

11. An antenna array according to claim 10 wherein the third size range is: the wavelength is more than or equal to 0.2 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band and less than or equal to 0.4 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band;

12. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the ratio k between the second frequency band and the first frequency band satisfies the condition: k is more than or equal to 2, and the side length of the first antenna unit in the first direction is less than 0.3 time of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band;

the first size range is: more than or equal to 0.2 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band, and less than or equal to 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band;

the second size range is: the wavelength is more than or equal to 0.5 time of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band and less than or equal to 0.8 time of the wavelength corresponding to the second frequency band.

13. An antenna array according to claim 12, wherein the first antenna elements are also plural, the plural first antenna elements are also arranged at intervals, and the center distance between two adjacent first antenna elements is arranged according to a third size range.

14. An antenna array according to claim 13, wherein the third size range is: the wavelength is greater than or equal to 0.4 times of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band and less than or equal to 0.6 times of the wavelength corresponding to the first frequency band.

15. An antenna array according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein a plurality of the second antenna elements are further spaced apart in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and a center-to-center distance between two adjacent second antenna elements is also alternately arranged according to a first size range and a second size range, and the first antenna element is further disposed between two second antenna elements arranged according to the second size range in the second direction.

16. An antenna array according to claim 15, wherein the first antenna elements are also plural, and the plural first antenna elements are simultaneously arranged at intervals along the first direction and the second direction.

17. An antenna module comprising a substrate, a chip and an antenna array according to any of claims 1-16, wherein the antenna array and the chip are both connected to the substrate, and the chip is electrically connected to the antenna array.

18. An electronic device, comprising a housing and the antenna module according to claim 17, wherein the antenna module is accommodated in the housing and is configured to perform an antenna radiation function.