CN217441628U - Ultra-low load stable combustion device of coal-fired boiler - Google Patents
Ultra-low load stable combustion device of coal-fired boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN217441628U CN217441628U CN202221192643.7U CN202221192643U CN217441628U CN 217441628 U CN217441628 U CN 217441628U CN 202221192643 U CN202221192643 U CN 202221192643U CN 217441628 U CN217441628 U CN 217441628U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a coal fired boiler ultra-low load surely fires device belongs to coal fired boiler electricity generation technical field. Aiming at the problem that the stable combustion of the conventional coal-fired unit is difficult to maintain during deep peak-shaving low-load operation, the raw coal is ground into superfine coal powder, and the air quantity is adjusted, so that the air carrying the superfine coal powder is sprayed into the gasification furnace from a central channel of a burner at the top of the gasification furnace; igniting the superfine coal powder by a high-energy igniter in the gasification furnace; introducing mixed gas of high-temperature steam and air; then adjusting the proportion of the coal powder, air and water vapor, and controlling the temperature of the gasification furnace to enable the coal powder and oxygen and water vapor to generate partial gasification reaction to generate CO-rich high-temperature fuel gas; the high-temperature fuel gas carrying the unburned superfine pulverized coal is sprayed into the boiler hearth through the ignition tube to complete the stable combustion of the pulverized coal in the boiler. The invention has low operation cost, can reduce the load of the pulverized coal boiler to be below 20 percent, has high burnout rate of the pulverized coal, and meets the requirement of ultra-low load peak regulation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of coal fired boiler electricity generation, concretely relates to coal fired boiler is steady device of firing of ultralow load.
Background
The coal-fired power plant is a main source for carbon dioxide emission, and a novel power system mainly based on renewable energy is constructed under the pressure of carbon emission reduction. However, wind power and solar power generation have the characteristics of intermittence, volatility and randomness, the peak-to-valley ratio of generated energy is huge, the stability of a power grid is poor, and the problem that the large-proportion consumption of new energy is solved is urgently needed to be solved by a power system. The coal-fired thermal power generating unit has the characteristics of wide-load operation and flexible start and stop, so that thermal power flexibility is improved, and the necessary requirement for ensuring stable power supply is to adopt the coal-fired thermal power generating unit for peak regulation.
When the coal-fired unit operates at a deep peak regulation low load, the coal powder amount in the boiler is greatly reduced, the air-coal ratio is greatly increased, the relative heat release of the coal-fired is greatly reduced, the temperature of a hearth is reduced, the combustion stability of flame is reduced, the boiler is easy to extinguish fire, and stable combustion is difficult to maintain only by adjusting the operating parameters of the boiler. The low-load stable combustion auxiliary technology of the existing coal-fired boiler mainly comprises auxiliary fuel oil. Gas combustion stabilizing technology, plasma combustion stabilizing technology, oxygen-enriched combustion stabilizing technology, air preheating combustion stabilizing technology and the like. The fuel and gas combustion stabilizing technology is widely applied to power plants, and patents 201410467276.0 and 201010244692.6 disclose a fuel and gas ignition combustion stabilizing system respectively. However, because the price of oil and gas is high, and the denitration system of the rear system is easy to block and increase the emission, the mode tends to be replaced by the oil-free stable combustion technology. Patents 201710931919.6, 201710109787.9, 201721294248.9, 201810192558.2, 201820453959.4 and 201810867626.0 respectively propose methods of improving the stability of low-load combustion of a boiler by adopting an improved burner structure, adjusting air inlet modes, coal feeding modes and the like, but the requirements of ultralow-load stable combustion of the boiler cannot be completely met, and particularly the applicability is poor for coal types with low activity and high combustion points. Patents 201810595813.8 and 201920041637.3 respectively propose plasma ignition and combustion stabilizing systems with different structures and working modes, which utilize high voltage to generate electric arc, ionize air to generate plasma with extremely high energy density, ignite pulverized coal airflow and achieve the purpose of combustion stabilization. However, the plasma generator has high manufacturing cost, complex system and short service life.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The problem of difficult maintenance stable combustion when the low-load operation of degree of depth peak regulation is to present coal-fired unit, the utility model provides a device is surely fired of coal fired boiler ultralow load.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the ultra-low load stable combustion device of the coal-fired boiler comprises a boiler, a superfine coal mill and a gasification furnace; the gasification furnace consists of a burner, a high-energy igniter, a gasification furnace body and a fuel gas outlet; the burner is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace body, and the gas outlet is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace body; the burner is of a double-channel burner annular sleeve type structure and consists of a central channel and an outer annular channel; a pulverized coal outlet of the superfine coal mill is connected with a burner at the top of the gasification furnace; a fuel gas outlet at the bottom of the gasification furnace is connected with an ignition tube through a pipeline, and the ignition tube is inserted into a boiler hearth from the center of a primary air port of the boiler;
furthermore, the interior of the gasifier body is made of refractory castable.
Furthermore, the refractory material of the gasification furnace is allowed to have the use temperature of more than 1200 ℃ and the compressive strength of more than or equal to 60 MPa.
An ultra-low load stable combustion method for a coal-fired boiler comprises the following steps:
step 1, feeding raw coal into a superfine coal mill, grinding the raw coal into superfine coal powder, and adjusting air quantity to discharge the superfine coal powder carried by air from the top of the superfine coal mill;
and 6, spraying the high-temperature fuel gas carrying the unburnt superfine coal powder into a boiler hearth through a firing tube to complete stable combustion of the coal powder in the boiler.
Further, the grinding particle size of the superfine coal powder in the step 1 is less than 45 μm, and the superfine coal powder with the particle size of less than 10 μm accounts for more than 50% of the total mass of the superfine coal powder.
Further, the flow velocity of the gas at the outlet of the central channel in the step 2 is 20-60 m/s; controlling the flow velocity of the outlet gas of the outer channel in the step 4 to be 5-20 m/s; the flow velocity of the gas in the gasification furnace in the step 5 is 0.5-5 m/s; and 6, spraying the high-temperature fuel gas carrying the pulverized coal into a hearth of the boiler at a speed of 20-80 m/s from the ignition tube.
Further, after the high-energy igniter ignites the superfine coal powder in the step 3, the temperature in the gasification furnace is gradually increased to above 850 ℃; the temperature of the high-temperature water vapor in the step 4 is 150-500 ℃; and in the step 5, controlling the temperature of the gasification furnace to be 850-1200 ℃.
Further, the mass ratio of the air to the superfine coal powder in the step 1 is 1-6: 1; in the step 4, the volume content of the water vapor in the mixed gas of the high-temperature water vapor and the air is 0-50%; in the step 5, the mass ratio of the coal powder to the air to the water vapor is 1: 2-5: 0 to 0.5
Further, the retention time of the gas and the solid particles in the gasification furnace in the step 5 is 0.5-10 s.
Further, the raw coal may be lignite, bituminous coal or anthracite.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of it is following:
1. the method is suitable for coal-fired boilers using brown coal, soft coal and anthracite as raw materials, and has good coal adaptability;
2. the high-temperature gas partially gasified by the superfine pulverized coal is adopted for supporting combustion, the equipment investment is low, the operation cost is low, the load of a pulverized coal boiler can be reduced to be below 20 percent, the burnout rate of the pulverized coal is high, and the requirement of ultralow load peak regulation is met;
3. the method has the advantages of flexible adjustment of combustion-supporting coal quantity, flexible operation, simplicity, reliability, quick response and adaptability to quick peak regulation process;
4. the occupied area is small, the investment is low, and the field reconstruction is convenient; compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of economy, environmental protection, energy conservation, consumption reduction and the like;
5. the utility model is suitable for a pulverized coal boiler is nimble to peak regulation in-process pulverized coal's stable combustion, also can be used to coal, living beings, organic carbonaceous discarded object combustion process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the ultra-low load stable combustion method and device for a coal-fired boiler based on partial gasification of ultra-fine pulverized coal of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an ultra-fine pulverized coal gasification furnace.
In the figure, 1, a superfine coal mill; 2. burning a nozzle; 3. a gasification furnace; 4. a gas outlet; 5. a primary air and coal powder inlet of the boiler; 6. an ignition tube; 7. a boiler furnace; 8. a boiler flue gas outlet; 9. a gasification furnace body; 10. a central channel; 11. an outer annular channel; 12. a high energy igniter; 13. a refractory material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation is given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an ultra-low load stable combustion device of a coal-fired boiler is provided, which comprises a boiler, a superfine coal mill 1 and a gasification furnace 3; the gasification furnace 3 consists of a burner 2, a high-energy igniter 12, a gasification furnace body 9 and a fuel gas outlet 4; the burner 2 is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace body 9, and the gas outlet 4 is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace body 9; the burner 2 is of a double-channel burner annular sleeve type structure and consists of a central channel 10 and an outer annular channel 11; a pulverized coal outlet of the superfine coal mill 1 is connected with a burner 2 at the top of the gasification furnace 3; the gas outlet 4 at the bottom of the gasification furnace 3 is connected with an ignition tube 6 through a pipeline, and the ignition tube is inserted into a boiler hearth 7 from the center of a primary air port of the boiler.
And refractory castable is arranged in the gasifier 3. The allowable use temperature is more than 1200 ℃, and the compressive strength is more than or equal to 60 MPa.
The method for using the device for ultra-low load stable combustion of the coal-fired boiler of the power plant is described by the specific embodiment.
Example 1:
the embodiment relates to a coal-fired boiler ultra-low load stable combustion method based on superfine pulverized coal partial gasification, which comprises the following steps: high-activity Shenmu bituminous coal is used as a raw material;
step 1, feeding raw coal into a superfine coal mill 1, and grinding the raw coal into superfine coal powder with the particle size of less than 45 microns, wherein the superfine coal powder with the particle size of less than 10 microns accounts for 55 percent; the air carrying the superfine coal powder is discharged from the top of the superfine coal mill 1 by adjusting the air quantity; the mass ratio of the air to the superfine coal powder is 3.5: 1;
And 6, spraying the high-temperature fuel gas carrying the ultrafine coal powder which is not completely combusted into a boiler hearth 7 from the ignition tube 6 at a speed of 40m/s to complete stable coal powder combustion in the boiler.
Example 2:
the embodiment relates to a coal-fired boiler ultra-low load stable combustion method based on superfine pulverized coal partial gasification, which comprises the following steps: taking high-activity inner Mongolia lignite as a raw material;
step 1, feeding raw coal into a superfine coal mill 1, and grinding the raw coal into superfine coal powder with the particle size of less than 45 microns, wherein the superfine coal powder with the particle size of less than 10 microns accounts for-50%; the air carrying the superfine coal powder is discharged from the top of the superfine coal mill 1 by adjusting the air quantity; the mass ratio of the air to the superfine coal powder is 1.5: 1;
And 6, spraying the high-temperature fuel gas carrying the ultrafine coal powder which is not completely combusted into a boiler hearth 7 from the ignition tube 6 at the speed of 70m/s to complete stable coal powder combustion in the boiler.
Example 3
The embodiment relates to a coal-fired boiler ultra-low load stable combustion method based on superfine pulverized coal partial gasification, which comprises the following steps: low-activity Yangquan anthracite is used as a raw material;
step 1, feeding raw coal into a superfine coal mill 1, and grinding the raw coal into superfine coal powder with the particle size of less than 45 microns, wherein the superfine coal powder with the particle size of less than 10 microns accounts for 65 percent; the air carrying the superfine coal powder is discharged from the top of the superfine coal mill 1 by adjusting the air quantity; the mass ratio of the air to the superfine coal powder is 2.5: 1;
And 6, spraying the high-temperature fuel gas carrying the ultrafine coal powder which is not completely combusted into a boiler hearth 7 from the ignition tube 6 at the speed of 20m/s to complete stable coal powder combustion in the boiler.
Example 4
The embodiment relates to a coal-fired boiler ultra-low load stable combustion method based on superfine pulverized coal partial gasification, which comprises the following steps: taking low-activity lean coal of Henan province as a raw material;
step 1, feeding raw coal into a superfine coal mill 1, and grinding the raw coal into superfine coal powder with the particle size of less than 45 microns, wherein the superfine coal powder with the particle size of less than 10 microns accounts for 65 percent; the air carrying the superfine coal powder is discharged from the top of the superfine coal mill 1 by adjusting the air quantity; the mass ratio of the air to the superfine coal powder is 2: 1;
And 6, spraying the high-temperature fuel gas carrying the ultrafine coal powder which is not completely combusted into a boiler hearth 7 from the ignition tube 6 at the speed of 35m/s to complete stable coal powder combustion in the boiler.
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The essential features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a coal fired boiler ultralow load surely fires device, includes the boiler, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a superfine coal mill (1) and a gasification furnace (3); the gasification furnace (3) consists of a burner (2), a high-energy igniter (12), a gasification furnace body (9) and a fuel gas outlet (4); the burner (2) is arranged at the top of the gasification furnace body (9), and the gas outlet (4) is arranged at the bottom of the gasification furnace body (9); the burner (2) is of a double-channel burner annular sleeve type structure and consists of a central channel (10) and an outer annular channel (11); a pulverized coal outlet of the superfine coal mill (1) is connected with a burner (2) at the top of the gasification furnace (3); the gas outlet (4) at the bottom of the gasification furnace (3) is connected with an ignition tube (6) through a pipeline, and the ignition tube is inserted into a boiler hearth (7) from the center of a primary air port of the boiler.
2. The ultra-low load stable combustion device of the coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the interior of the gasifier body (3) is made of refractory castable.
3. The ultra-low load stable combustion device of the coal-fired boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that: the refractory material of the gasification furnace is allowed to have the use temperature of more than 1200 ℃ and the compressive strength of more than or equal to 60 MPa.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202221192643.7U CN217441628U (en) | 2022-05-17 | 2022-05-17 | Ultra-low load stable combustion device of coal-fired boiler |
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| CN202221192643.7U CN217441628U (en) | 2022-05-17 | 2022-05-17 | Ultra-low load stable combustion device of coal-fired boiler |
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