CN216969330U

CN216969330U - Thermal management system and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN216969330U
Application number: CN202122975581.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱亮; 罗凯; 朱永成; 刘卓; 柯云宝; 王银华
Original assignee: Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-26
Filing date: 2021-11-26
Publication date: 2022-07-15
Anticipated expiration: 2031-11-26

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of vehicle thermal management, and particularly relates to a thermal management system and a vehicle. The thermal management system comprises a first cooling device; the first cooling device comprises a first radiator, a first cooling pipeline provided with a first cooling assembly and a second cooling pipeline provided with a second cooling assembly; the first radiator comprises a first radiating body and a second radiating body; the outlet of the first heat dissipation body is communicated with the inlet of the second heat dissipation body, the heat management system comprises a first cooling loop and a second cooling loop, and in the first cooling loop, cooling liquid flows through the first heat dissipation body, the second heat dissipation body and the first cooling pipeline and then flows to the second cooling pipeline; in the second cooling loop, cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline after flowing through the first heat dissipation body. The heat management system has the advantages of simple structure, fewer components and low manufacturing cost.

Description

Thermal management system and vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of vehicle thermal management, and particularly relates to a thermal management system and a vehicle.

Background

With the continuous development of vehicle technology, fuel consumption regulations become stricter, and the sales volume of hybrid vehicle models is increasing continuously at present. For some hybrid vehicle models, because the hybrid vehicle models are limited by installation space, the thermal management system needs to meet the cooling requirements of the motor controller, the motor, the intercooler, the battery and the exhaust gas recirculation device in a compact space, and therefore a compact and efficient thermal management system needs to be developed.

In the prior art, in order to meet the cooling requirements of each cooling module of the thermal management system, a complex pipeline system needs to be arranged, so that the manufacturing cost of the thermal management system is increased, and the occupied space of the thermal management system is increased.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model solves the technical problems of complex structure and large occupied space of a thermal management system, and provides a thermal management system and a vehicle.

In view of the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a thermal management system, including a first cooling device; the first cooling device comprises a first radiator, a first cooling pipeline provided with a first cooling assembly and a second cooling pipeline provided with a second cooling assembly; the first radiator comprises a first radiating body and a second radiating body;

an outlet of the first heat dissipation body is communicated with an inlet of the second heat dissipation body, the heat management system comprises a first cooling loop and a second cooling loop, and in the first cooling loop, cooling liquid flows through the first heat dissipation body, the second heat dissipation body and the first cooling pipeline and then flows to the second cooling pipeline; in the second cooling loop, cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline after flowing through the first heat dissipation body.

Optionally, the heat management system further includes a condenser disposed opposite to the first heat dissipation body and the second heat dissipation body.

Optionally, the heat management system further includes a throttle valve, an outlet of the first heat dissipation body is communicated with a throttle opening of the throttle valve, the first cooling pipeline is communicated with a liquid inlet of the throttle valve, and the second cooling pipeline is communicated with a liquid outlet of the throttle valve; in the first cooling loop, cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline after flowing through the first heat dissipation body, the second heat dissipation body, the inlet of the throttling valve and the outlet of the throttling valve; in the second cooling circuit, the cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline after flowing through the first heat dissipation body, the throttling opening of the throttling valve and the outlet of the throttling valve.

Optionally, the first radiator further comprises a water outlet chamber provided with a water outlet space, and an outlet of the first radiating body is communicated with an inlet of the second radiating body and a throttling inlet of the throttling valve through the water outlet space;

the first radiator further comprises a water inlet chamber provided with a first liquid space and a second liquid space, the second cooling pipeline is communicated with the inlet of the first radiating body through the first liquid space, and the outlet of the second radiating body is communicated with the first cooling pipeline through the second liquid space.

Optionally, the first heat dissipation body is disposed above the second heat dissipation body; the water inlet chamber and the water outlet chamber are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the first radiator;

the first radiator also comprises a partition plate which is arranged on one side of the water inlet chamber far away from the water outlet chamber and is used for separating the first liquid space from the second liquid space.

Optionally, the separation plate is bent on the water inlet chamber to form a separation groove with an opening; the opening of the separation groove is arranged on one side of the water inlet chamber, which is far away from the water outlet chamber.

Optionally, the division board includes first swash plate, connecting plate and the second swash plate that connects in order, first swash plate with the second swash plate is first predetermines the contained angle setting.

Optionally, the thermal management system further includes a second cooling device and a cooling fan, the second cooling device includes a second radiator and a third cooling pipeline provided with an engine, the second radiator is arranged on the side of the first radiator far away from the condenser, and the cooling fan is arranged on the side of the second radiator far away from the first radiator; and the inlet of the second radiator is communicated with the outlet of the second radiator through the third cooling pipeline.

Optionally, the second cooling device further includes a bypass pipe, a thermostat valve, and a main water pump, an outlet of the second radiator is communicated with an inlet of the main water pump, an outlet of the main water pump is communicated with the first port of the thermostat valve through the third cooling pipeline, the second port of the thermostat valve is communicated with an inlet of the second radiator, and the third port of the thermostat valve is communicated with an inlet of the main water pump through the bypass pipe.

Optionally, the area of the throttling inlet is smaller than the area of the liquid inlet.

Another embodiment of the utility model further provides a vehicle including the thermal management system.

In the utility model, the heat management system comprises a first cooling loop and a second cooling loop, wherein in the first cooling loop, cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline after flowing through the first heat dissipation body, the second heat dissipation body and the first cooling pipeline; in the second cooling loop, cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline after flowing through the first heat dissipation body. The cooling liquid in the first cooling pipeline is subjected to cooling treatment twice in the first heat dissipation body and the second heat dissipation body, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first cooling pipeline for cooling the first cooling assembly is lower, and the cooling effect on the first cooling assembly is obvious; the cooling liquid in the second cooling pipeline includes the cooling liquid subjected to the primary cooling treatment in the first heat dissipation body, and the cooling liquid subjected to the cooling treatment on the first cooling assembly (the cooling liquid subjected to the secondary cooling treatment on the condenser and subjected to the cooling treatment on the first cooling assembly), so that the temperature of the cooling liquid in the second cooling pipeline for cooling the second cooling assembly is higher. According to the utility model, the cooling liquid in the first cooling device can be reasonably distributed through the heat management system according to the difference of the temperature requirements of the first cooling component and the second cooling component, so that the cooling efficiency of the heat management system is improved while the different cooling temperature requirements of different cooling components are met; the heat management system is simple in structure, few in components and low in manufacturing cost.

Drawings

The utility model is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first cooling device of a thermal management system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an intake chamber of a thermal management system according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a throttle valve of a thermal management system provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a throttle valve of a thermal management system provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the specification are as follows:

1. a condenser; 2. a first cooling device; 21. a first heat sink; 211. a first heat dissipation body; 212. a second heat dissipation body; 213. a water outlet chamber; 2131. a water outlet space; 214. a water inlet chamber; 2141. a first liquid space; 2142. a second liquid space; 215. a partition plate; 2151. a separation tank; 2152. a first sloping plate; 2153. a connecting plate; 2154. a second swash plate; 22. a throttle valve; 221. a throttle inlet; 222. a liquid inlet; 223. a liquid outlet; 23. a first cooling line; 231. a first cooling assembly; 24. a second cooling circuit; 241. a second cooling assembly; 242. an electronic pump; 3. a second cooling device; 31. a second heat sink; 32. a third cooling circuit; 321. an engine; 33. a bypass pipe; 34. a temperature-saving valve; 35. a main water pump; 4. and a cooling fan.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.

It is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "middle", and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings, which is for convenience in describing and simplifying the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a thermal management system including a first cooling device 2; the first cooling device 2 comprises a first radiator 21, a throttle 22, a first cooling pipeline 23 provided with a first cooling assembly 231 and a second cooling pipeline 24 provided with a second cooling assembly 241; the first heat sink 21 includes a first heat dissipation body 211 and a second heat dissipation body 212; it is understood that the second cooling assembly 241 includes, but is not limited to, an electric motor cooler, an intercooler, an exhaust gas recirculation system, etc., and the first cooling line 23 is further provided with an electronic pump 242; and the first cooling element 231 includes, but is not limited to, a motor controller, a dc voltage reducer, etc., and the first cooling element 231 operates at a lower temperature than the second cooling element 241. Further, the condenser 1 may perform a cooling function on the cooling liquid in the first heat dissipation body 211 and the second heat dissipation body 212.

The outlet of the first heat dissipation body 211 is communicated with the inlet of the second heat dissipation body 212, the thermal management system comprises a first cooling loop and a second cooling loop, and in the first cooling loop, a cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline 24 after flowing through the first heat dissipation body 211, the second heat dissipation body 212 and the first cooling pipeline 23; in the second cooling circuit, the cooling fluid flows through the first heat dissipation body 211 and then flows to the second cooling pipeline 24. It is understood that one end of the second cooling pipeline 24 communicates with the inlet of the first heat dissipation body 211, the other end of the second cooling pipeline 24 communicates with the outlet of the first heat dissipation body 211 and the first cooling pipeline 23, and one end of the first cooling pipeline 23 far away from the second cooling pipeline 24 communicates with the outlet of the second heat dissipation body 212.

The thermal management system comprises a first cooling loop and a second cooling loop, wherein in the first cooling loop, cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline 24 after flowing through the first heat dissipation body 211, the second heat dissipation body 212 and the first cooling pipeline 23; in the second cooling circuit, the cooling fluid flows through the first heat dissipation body 211 and then flows to the second cooling pipeline 212.

Specifically, after the coolant in the first heat dissipation body 211 is cooled for the first time by 1 in the first heat dissipation body 211, a part of the coolant enters the second heat dissipation body 212 to be cooled for the second time, and after the first cooling assembly 231 is cooled to the first preset temperature in the first cooling pipeline 23, the coolant flows into the second cooling pipeline 24; another part of the cooling liquid directly flows into the second cooling pipeline 24, and after the second cooling assembly 241 is cooled to a second preset temperature by the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid flows back to the first heat dissipation body 211, and the second preset temperature is lower than the first preset temperature.

In the present invention, the thermal management system includes a first cooling loop and a second cooling loop, in the first cooling loop, the cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline 24 after flowing through the first heat dissipation body 211, the second heat dissipation body 212, and the first cooling pipeline 23; in the second cooling circuit, the cooling fluid flows through the first heat dissipation body 211 and then flows to the second cooling pipeline 212. The cooling liquid in the first cooling pipeline 23 is subjected to two temperature reduction treatments in the first heat dissipation body 211 and the second heat dissipation body 212, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first cooling pipeline 23 for cooling the first cooling assembly 231 is lower, and the cooling effect on the first cooling assembly 231 is obvious; the cooling liquid in the second cooling pipeline 24 includes the cooling liquid that has undergone the first temperature reduction process in the first heat dissipation body 211, and the cooling liquid that has undergone the cooling process on the first cooling assembly 231 (the cooling liquid that has undergone the second temperature reduction process on the condenser 1 and completed the cooling process on the first cooling assembly 231), so that the temperature of the cooling liquid in the second cooling pipeline 24 for cooling the second cooling assembly 241 is higher. In the utility model, according to the difference of the temperature requirements of the first cooling assembly 231 and the second cooling assembly 241, the cooling liquid in the first cooling device 2 can be reasonably distributed through the heat management system of the utility model, so that the cooling efficiency of the heat management system is improved while the different cooling temperature requirements of different cooling assemblies are met; the heat management system is simple in structure, few in components and low in manufacturing cost.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the thermal management system further includes a condenser 1 disposed opposite to the first heat dissipation body 211 and the second heat dissipation body 212. It can be understood that the first heat dissipation body 211 is installed above the second heat dissipation body 212, and the condenser 1 has a cooling function on the cooling liquid in the first heat dissipation body 211 and the cooling liquid in the second heat dissipation body 212.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the thermal management system further includes a throttle 22, an outlet of the first heat dissipation body 211 is communicated with a throttle inlet 221 of the throttle 22, the first cooling pipeline 23 (i.e., an end of the first cooling pipeline 23 away from the second heat dissipation body 212) is communicated with an inlet 222 of the throttle 22, and the second cooling pipeline 24 (i.e., an end of the second cooling pipeline 24 away from the first heat dissipation body 211) is communicated with an outlet 223 of the throttle 22; in the first cooling circuit, the cooling liquid flows through the first heat dissipation body 211, the second heat dissipation body 212, the liquid inlet 222 of the throttle valve 22 and the liquid outlet 223 of the throttle valve 22 to the second cooling pipeline 23; in the second cooling circuit, the cooling liquid flows through the first heat dissipating body 211, the throttle inlet 221 of the throttle valve 22, and the liquid outlet 223 of the throttle valve 22 to the second cooling line 24. It is understood that the throttle valve 22 has a throttle inlet 221, an inlet port 222 and an outlet port 223 which are communicated with each other, the area of the throttle inlet 221 is smaller than that of the inlet port 222 (i.e., the opening space of the throttle inlet 221 is smaller than that of the inlet port 222); further, the area of the throttle inlet 221 is smaller than that of the liquid outlet 223 (i.e. the opening space of the throttle inlet 221 is smaller than that of the liquid outlet 222). Specifically, the first heat dissipation body 211 flows into the throttle inlet 221 of the throttle 22, because the opening space of the throttle inlet 221 is small, a part of the cooling liquid is pressed back into the second heat dissipation body 212, and the other part of the cooling liquid directly enters the second cooling pipeline 24 through the liquid outlet 223 of the throttle 22, so that the cooling liquid in the first heat dissipation body 211 can be divided without a power device, and the manufacturing cost of the heat management system is reduced.

In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first heat sink 21 further includes a water outlet chamber 213 having a water outlet space 2131, and an outlet of the first heat dissipating body 211 communicates with an inlet of the second heat dissipating body 212 and a throttle inlet 221 of the throttle valve 22 through the water outlet space 2131. It can be understood that a plurality of first heat pipes are disposed on the first heat dissipating body 211, a plurality of second heat pipes are disposed on the second heat dissipating body 212, outlets of the plurality of first heat pipes are connected to the water outlet space 2131, and inlets of the plurality of second heat pipes are connected to the water outlet space 2131, so that the water outlet chamber 213 can buffer the cooling liquid.

In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the first heat sink 21 further includes an inlet chamber 214 having a first liquid space 2141 and a second liquid space 2142, the second cooling pipeline 24 (i.e., an end of the second cooling pipeline 24 away from the throttle 22) communicates with the inlet of the first heat dissipation body 211 through the first liquid space 2141, and the outlet of the second heat dissipation body 212 communicates with the first cooling pipeline 23 through the second liquid space 2142. It is understood that the first liquid spaces 2141 and the second liquid spaces 2142 are spaced apart from each other in the inlet chamber 214, the inlets of the first heat dissipating tubes are connected to the first liquid spaces 2141, and the outlets of the second heat dissipating tubes are connected to the second liquid spaces 2142, so that the inlet chamber 214 can serve as a buffer for the cooling fluid.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first heat dissipation body 211 is disposed above the second heat dissipation body 212; the water inlet chamber 214 and the water outlet chamber 213 are respectively arranged at two opposite sides of the first radiator 21; it can be understood that the first heat sink 21 is a two-sided structure, the upper layer is the first heat sink 211, the lower layer is the second heat sink 212, and the condenser 1 has a cooling effect on the cooling fluid in the first heat sink 211 and the second heat sink 212, and the water inlet chamber 214 and the water outlet chamber 213 are respectively located at the left and right sides of the first heat sink 21.

The first heat sink 21 further includes a partition plate 215 disposed on a side of the inlet chamber 214 away from the outlet chamber 213 and dividing the first liquid space 2141 and the second liquid space 2142. It is understood that the separation plate 215 is disposed in the inlet chamber 214, and the separation plate 215 divides the inner space of the inlet chamber 214 into the first liquid space 2141 and the second liquid space 2142. In this example, the first heat sink 21 has a simple structure and is manufactured at a low cost.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the separation plate 215 is bent to form a separation groove 2151 having an opening on the inlet chamber 214; the opening of the separating groove 2151 is arranged on the side of the inlet chamber 214 facing away from the outlet chamber 213. It is understood that the separating groove 2151 is a structure formed by recessing the outer wall of the inlet chamber 214, and since the temperature of the cooling liquid in the second liquid space 2142 is lower than that of the cooling liquid in the first liquid space 2141, the cooling liquid in the inlet chamber 214 has a certain thermal stress due to the difference of the temperatures; the partition plate 215 is designed into a partition groove 2151 type structure, and both opposite side walls of the partition groove 2151 can play a role in resisting thermal stress, so that the influence of the thermal stress on the first heat sink 21 is reduced, and the service life of the first heat sink 21 is prolonged.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the partition plate 215 includes a first inclined plate 2152, a connecting plate 2153, and a second inclined plate 2154, which are sequentially connected, and the first inclined plate 2152 and the second inclined plate 2154 are disposed at a first predetermined included angle. Preferably, the first preset angle is greater than or equal to 30 degrees, and the first preset angle is less than or equal to 60 degrees; that is, the first preset angle ranges from 30 degrees to 60 degrees (e.g., 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, etc.). It is understood that the first and second

sloping plates

2152 and 2154 are symmetrically disposed at opposite sides of the connection plate 2153, and the connection plate 2153 abuts against an inner sidewall of the inlet chamber 214 facing the first heat dissipation body 211, so that the partition plate 215 may spatially partition the inner wall of the inlet chamber 214 into the first and second liquid chambers (the first and second liquid chambers are not communicated). In this embodiment, the first inclined plate 2152 and the second inclined plate 2154 can both resist the thermal stress of the coolant in the water inlet chamber 214, thereby prolonging the service life of the first radiator 21.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the thermal management system further includes a second cooling device 3 and a cooling fan 41, the second cooling device 3 includes a second radiator 31 and a third cooling pipeline 32 provided with an engine 321, the second radiator 31 is disposed on a side of the first radiator 21 away from the condenser 1, and the cooling fan 41 is disposed on a side of the second radiator 31 away from the first radiator 21; the inlet of the second radiator 31 communicates with the outlet of the second radiator 31 through the third cooling line 32. It is understood that the cool air blown by the cooling fan 41 can function as the cooling liquid in the second heat sink 31 in the cold area. In this embodiment, the condenser 1, the first radiator 21, the second radiator 31, and the cooling fan 41 are sequentially arranged at intervals, and no component for blocking heat transfer is arranged between the condenser 1 and the first radiator 21, so that the cooling efficiency of the thermal management system is improved.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the second cooling device 3 further includes a bypass pipe 33, a thermostat valve 34, and a main water pump 35, an outlet of the second radiator 31 is communicated with an inlet of the main water pump 35, an outlet of the main water pump 35 is communicated with a first port of the thermostat valve 34 through the third cooling pipeline 32, a second port of the thermostat valve 34 is communicated with an inlet of the second radiator 31, and a third port of the thermostat valve 34 is communicated with an inlet of the main water pump 35 through the bypass pipe 33. As can be understood, when the temperature of the coolant in the third cooling line 32 is at an angle, the first and third ports of the thermostat valve 34 are open, and the second port is closed, and the coolant circulates through the third cooling line 32 and the bypass pipe 33 by the main water pump 35, so that the temperature of the coolant in the third line will rise, thereby facilitating the start-up of the engine 321; when the temperature of the coolant in the third cooling pipeline 32 rises to the preset temperature threshold, both the first port and the second port of the thermostat valve 34 are opened, the third port is closed, so that the coolant circulates in the second cooler and the third cooling pipeline 32, the second cooler can play a role in cooling the coolant under the action of the cooling fan 41, and the coolant in the third cooling pipeline 32 can play a role in cooling the engine 321.

The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management system comprising a first cooling device; the first cooling device comprises a first radiator, a first cooling pipeline provided with a first cooling assembly and a second cooling pipeline provided with a second cooling assembly; the first radiator comprises a first radiating body and a second radiating body;

2. The thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a condenser disposed opposite the first and second heat dissipating bodies.

3. The thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a throttle valve, wherein an outlet of the first heat dissipating body is in communication with a throttle inlet of the throttle valve, the first cooling line is in communication with a liquid inlet of the throttle valve, and the second cooling line is in communication with a liquid outlet of the throttle valve; in the first cooling loop, cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline after flowing through the first heat dissipation body, the second heat dissipation body, the liquid inlet of the throttling valve and the liquid outlet of the throttling valve; in the second cooling loop, the cooling liquid flows to the second cooling pipeline after flowing through the first heat dissipation body, the throttling inlet of the throttling valve and the liquid outlet of the throttling valve.

4. The thermal management system of claim 3, wherein the first heat sink further comprises a water outlet chamber having a water outlet space, and the outlet of the first heat sink body is communicated with the inlet of the second heat sink body and the throttle inlet of the throttle valve through the water outlet space;

5. The thermal management system of claim 4, wherein the first heat spreading body is disposed above the second heat spreading body; the water inlet chamber and the water outlet chamber are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the first radiator;

the first radiator also comprises a partition plate which is arranged on one side of the water inlet chamber far away from the water outlet chamber and is used for partitioning the first liquid space and the second liquid space.

6. The thermal management system of claim 5, wherein the divider plate is bent over the inlet chamber to form a divider slot having an opening; the opening of the separation groove is arranged on one side of the water inlet chamber, which is far away from the water outlet chamber.

7. The thermal management system of claim 6, wherein the divider plate comprises a first sloping plate, a connecting plate, and a second sloping plate connected in sequence, and the first sloping plate and the second sloping plate are arranged at a first preset included angle.

8. The thermal management system according to claim 2, further comprising a second cooling device including a second radiator and a third cooling line provided with an engine, the second radiator being provided on a side of the first radiator remote from the condenser, and a cooling fan being provided on a side of the second radiator remote from the first radiator; and the inlet of the second radiator is communicated with the outlet of the second radiator through the third cooling pipeline.

9. The thermal management system according to claim 8, wherein the second cooling device further comprises a bypass pipe, a thermostat valve and a main water pump, an outlet of the second radiator is communicated with an inlet of the main water pump, an outlet of the main water pump is communicated with the first port of the thermostat valve through the third cooling pipeline, the second port of the thermostat valve is communicated with an inlet of the second radiator, and the third port of the thermostat valve is communicated with an inlet of the main water pump through the bypass pipe.

10. The thermal management system of claim 3, wherein an area of the throttling inlet is less than an area of the liquid inlet.

11. A vehicle comprising a thermal management system according to any of claims 1 to 10.