CN216794729U - High-efficiency variable-power motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-efficiency variable-power motor which comprises a rotor and a stator, wherein the stator comprises a plurality of winding units distributed along the radial direction, each winding unit comprises a plurality of windings distributed annularly and uniformly, and each winding unit supplies power independently. The utility model provides a high-efficiency variable-power motor, which aims to solve the problems existing when a permanent magnet synchronous motor is used for an electric vehicle in the prior art, and achieves the purposes of enabling the motor to efficiently change power, realizing large torque output in a low rotating speed area and having a wider speed regulation range, realizing high rotating speed output in a constant-power light-load state and playing a role in saving energy for the electric vehicle by changing a winding of the motor and a control mode of the motor.

Description

High-efficiency variable-power motor

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of permanent magnet synchronous motors, in particular to a high-efficiency variable-power motor.

Background

The permanent magnet synchronous motor serves as a core driving component of a new energy automobile, has incomparable advantages compared with a plurality of induction motors, and becomes a popular research object of the new energy automobile. The new energy automobile requires a high motor speed and a large torque to meet good starting or climbing capacity and a high vehicle speed. The permanent magnet synchronous motor is widely applied to new energy automobiles due to good speed regulation capacity, high torque density and high power density. Electric vehicles have various performance requirements on their drive systems; high torque density, power density; the wide speed regulation range meets the requirements of acceleration at low speed and high-speed cruising; high efficiency is maintained over a wide range of torque and speed; a wider constant power region; high torque required for starting and climbing; lower cost, etc.

At present, the transmission system of the electric automobile mainly has two transmission modes of direct drive of a motor and a motor-gearbox system. The motor direct-drive system is simple and reliable in structure and mature in technology, but due to the characteristic limitation of the motor, the requirements of high speed and large climbing gradient of the whole vehicle are hardly considered economically from the system level, and the efficiency of the motor at low speed, large torque and high speed and high power cannot be optimal. Although the large torque type motor can realize large torque output in a low rotation speed region, it cannot realize high rotation speed output in a constant power light load state. The motor-gearbox system well meets the requirements of high speed and large climbing gradient of the whole vehicle, the motor can work in a high-efficiency area by changing the speed ratio, but the problems of power interruption, system reliability reduction and the like in the gear shifting process can exist, and meanwhile, the efficiency loss of the gearbox can not be ignored. In addition, the two transmission modes only have one power source, and if any part in the system fails, the whole transmission system cannot work normally.

Aiming at the problems, the prior art provides a concept of a double-winding motor, namely, a single set of winding of the motor is changed into two sets of windings which are independently supplied with power, but the problems of winding magnetic circuit interference, iron core sectional area reduction, winding temperature rise accumulation, low efficiency and the like are generally caused; in addition, a mode of realizing high torque density and power density by adopting a mode of connecting windings in series or in parallel also appears in the prior art, but a control system of the mode is complex, high in cost and small in adjustment range, if one group of windings is damaged, the whole system does not work, and the reliability and the safety factor are low.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a high-efficiency variable-power motor, which aims to solve the problems existing when a permanent magnet synchronous motor is used for an electric vehicle in the prior art, and achieves the purposes of enabling the motor to efficiently change power, realizing large torque output in a low rotating speed area and having a wider speed regulation range, realizing high rotating speed output in a constant-power light-load state and playing a role in saving energy for the electric vehicle by changing a winding of the motor and a control mode of the motor.

The utility model is realized by the following technical scheme:

the high-efficiency variable-power motor comprises a rotor and a stator, wherein the stator comprises a plurality of winding units distributed along the radial direction, each winding unit comprises a plurality of windings distributed annularly and uniformly, and each winding unit is independently supplied with power.

The utility model provides a high-efficiency variable-power motor, aiming at the problems of winding magnetic circuit interference, winding temperature rise accumulation, lower safety coefficient and the like existing when a permanent magnet synchronous motor is used for an electric vehicle in the prior art, wherein the motor is inevitably provided with a rotor and a stator, the stator comprises a plurality of winding units, and the winding units are arranged along the radial direction; each winding unit comprises a plurality of windings uniformly distributed along a ring, namely each winding unit comprises a circle of windings, and different winding units are positioned at different radial positions on the stator. In the application, each winding unit is independently powered, namely any two winding units are not electrically connected, so that the reliability is high, the torque pulsation is small, one winding unit can provide all excitation (reactive power) through control, and the other winding units provide torque (active power) to realize independent control of the active power and the reactive power. Meanwhile, the power superposition of the motor can be realized by combining different numbers of independent winding units under the condition of one stator and one rotor, and the high-power motor is superposed by using motor systems with different powers. In addition, this application through radially laying the mode that winding unit, annular lay winding unit inner winding, can shorten the end turn space in the usable area of stator, reduces the copper loss, reduces the heat and improves moment of torsion and power density, reduces the motor size of given application, reduce cost, has improved motor security performance and reliability especially.

Further, the winding unit is disposed on the stator core.

Furthermore, a plurality of annularly and uniformly distributed slot groups are arranged on the stator iron core, each slot group comprises a plurality of closed slots distributed along the radial direction, and all the closed slots in each slot group are sequentially communicated along the radial direction. Wherein, a plurality of closed slots in the slot group are respectively used for installing windings in different winding units. The single closed slot is known in the art and the slot, i.e., closed position, is understood by those skilled in the art. The slot group in the scheme adopts a multilayer closed slot type, so that the magnetic conductivity of the slot opening is good, torque pulsation can be effectively eliminated, vibration and noise caused by tooth socket torque are reduced, and harmonic waves are weakened at the same time. And the mode that a plurality of closed slots are communicated in sequence along the radial direction also improves the control performance of the motor under the condition of low speed, so that the high-precision positioning of the motor is more accurate, the magnetic leakage phenomenon is reduced, the magnetic conduction condition can be reasonably and effectively distributed, the comprehensive performance of the motor is improved, the creepage distance between the stator and the rotor is effectively solved, the slot filling rate and the insulation strength between radially adjacent windings are improved, and the safety, the stability and the reliability of the motor are ensured.

Furthermore, a slot wedge is arranged at the notch position of each closed slot. The slot wedge is used for filling the space between the radial adjacent windings, derives the heat of winding coil to stator core on via the slot wedge, and then outwards derives fast, but also can give the winding coil under the non-operating condition with the heat transfer through the slot wedge to this improves the radiating effect of motor, has improved the power density of motor simultaneously. Meanwhile, in the scheme, the slot wedge is arranged at the notch position of each closed slot in the slot group, so that compared with the existing slot wedge installation mode, the effective sectional area of the stator tooth part is increased, and the magnetic resistance is reduced; the size of the motor for given application is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the power density of the motor is improved; the air gap coefficient of the motor is reduced, which is equivalent to shortening the effective air gap of the motor, thereby reducing the surface loss and the pulse vibration loss of the motor and improving the efficiency of the motor.

Further, an insulating gasket is arranged on the surface of the slot wedge. The insulating gasket can be used for isolating adjacent windings, so that the electrical independence between different winding units is ensured, and the effects of reducing the temperature rise of the windings, reducing the vibration and noise level and prolonging the service life of the motor can be achieved.

Further, the resistance of each winding unit increases gradually from inside to outside along the radial direction. As the slot pitch span is related to the stator perimeter, the outer ring slot pitch span distance is long, and the inner ring stator slot pitch span distance is short, when the volume of the motor core is constant, the number of winding turns is related to voltage, the winding power is related to a wire section, and when the motor power is higher, the wire section of the winding is larger (the electrifying current is larger), the wire is thicker, the resistance is smaller, and the energy of heat loss on the wire is smaller; therefore, the resistance of each winding unit is gradually increased from inside to outside in the scheme, namely the power of each winding unit is gradually reduced from inside to outside along the radial direction, so that the copper loss is reduced, the efficiency is improved, the motor uses less energy, and the area of a maximum efficiency area is increased. In addition, the arrangement mode of large power inside and small power outside improves the slot filling rate of the motor to a greater extent, reduces the phase resistance value and the electric load, and can utilize the area in the slot to the greatest extent, improve the temperature rise of the motor and improve the power density of the motor.

Furthermore, the winding device further comprises a central controller and a plurality of motor controllers, wherein the motor controllers correspond to the winding units one by one, the central controller is used for controlling all the motor controllers, and the motor controllers are used for controlling the power supply of the corresponding winding units. According to the scheme, the central controller is used for respectively controlling the motor controllers, and then the motor controllers are used for controlling whether the corresponding winding units are electrified or not, so that independent power supply for the winding units is realized, and a worker only needs to send a control instruction to the central controller.

Furthermore, the number of the winding units is four, and the winding units are a first winding unit, a second winding unit, a third winding unit and a fourth winding unit from inside to outside in sequence along the radial direction.

The groove group comprises a first closed groove, a second closed groove, a third closed groove and a fourth closed groove which are sequentially distributed from inside to outside along the radial direction; the winding in the first winding unit is located in a first closed slot, the winding in the second winding unit is located in a second closed slot, the winding in the third winding unit is located in a third closed slot, and the winding in the fourth winding unit is located in a fourth closed slot.

Furthermore, the slot wedge is made of metal materials, so that the good magnetic conductivity of the slot opening is guaranteed, meanwhile, the rapid heat dissipation is facilitated, and the winding temperature rise accumulation phenomenon is reduced.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the high-efficiency variable-power motor has high reliability and small torque pulsation, one set of winding units can provide all excitation (reactive power) through control, the other winding units provide torque (active power), the active power and the reactive power are independently controlled, the power superposition of the motor can be realized through the combination of different numbers of independent winding units under the condition of one stator and one rotor, and motor systems with different powers are superposed into a high-power motor.

2. The high-efficiency variable-power motor changes the working characteristics of the motor through the switching of the motor windings, optimizes the running performance of the motor, achieves the purpose of expanding the rotating speed range, and can meet the ideal characteristics of the driving motor of the electric automobile. Different rotational speeds of the motor are matched with different states, the efficiency is obviously improved at the low-speed section and the high-speed section of the motor, the low-speed starting efficiency is improved, the torque is increased, the technical reliability requirement on the vehicle-mounted controller is obviously reduced, and the running condition of the motor is favorably detected. Under the condition of keeping the original performance of the motor, stray loss can be reduced by about 50%, additional loss is reduced by about 85%, and heating is reduced by about 15% to 25%.

3. According to the high-efficiency variable-power motor, the end turn space can be shortened in the usable area of the stator, the copper loss is reduced, the heat is reduced, the torque and the power density are improved, the size of the motor for given application is reduced, the cost is reduced, and the safety performance and the reliability of the motor are improved.

4. The high-efficiency variable-power motor reduces copper loss, improves efficiency, uses less energy, and increases the area of a maximum efficiency area. In addition, the arrangement mode of large power inside and small power outside improves the slot filling rate of the motor to a greater extent, reduces the phase resistance value and the electric load, and can utilize the area in the slot to the greatest extent, improve the temperature rise of the motor and improve the power density of the motor.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the utility model and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the utility model and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the utility model. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a stator structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of stator slotting in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a slot wedge in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a control block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:

1-stator core, 3-slot wedge, 4-insulating spacer, 5-first winding unit, 6-second winding unit, 7-third winding unit, 8-fourth winding unit, 9-first closed slot, 10-second closed slot, 11-third closed slot and 12-fourth closed slot.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention. In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "front", "back", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.

Example 1:

the efficient variable-power motor shown in fig. 1 comprises a rotor and a stator, wherein the stator comprises a plurality of winding units distributed along the radial direction, each winding unit comprises a plurality of windings distributed annularly and uniformly, each winding unit is independently powered, and the winding units are arranged on a stator core 1;

as shown in fig. 2, a plurality of annularly and uniformly distributed slot groups are arranged on the stator core 1, each slot group includes a plurality of closed slots distributed along the radial direction, and all the closed slots in each slot group are sequentially communicated along the radial direction.

The number of the winding units is four, and the winding units are a first winding unit 5, a second winding unit 6, a third winding unit 7 and a fourth winding unit 8 in sequence from inside to outside along the radial direction.

The groove group comprises a first closed groove 9, a second closed groove 10, a third closed groove 11 and a fourth closed groove 12 which are sequentially distributed from inside to outside along the radial direction; the winding in the first winding unit 5 is located in a first closed slot 9, the winding in the second winding unit 6 is located in a second closed slot 10, the winding in the third winding unit 7 is located in a third closed slot 11, and the winding in the fourth winding unit 8 is located in a fourth closed slot 12.

In this embodiment, the power of each winding unit is from inside to outside along the radial direction, which can be expressed as the resistance being from inside to outside.

The stator is composed of four independent winding units with different powers; each set of windings provides power to the motor. Each set of winding unit can supply power independently, namely the two sets of winding units are not electrically connected, so that the reliability is high and the torque ripple is small.

The motor adopts an arrangement mode of large power inside and small power outside, copper loss is reduced, efficiency is improved, the motor uses less energy, and the area of a maximum efficiency area is increased. Because the slot pitch span is related to the stator perimeter, the outer ring slot pitch span distance is long, and the inner ring stator slot pitch span distance is short, when the volume of the motor iron core is fixed, the number of winding turns is related to voltage, the power is related to wire section, when the motor power is larger, the winding wire section is larger (the electrifying current is larger), the electric wire is thicker, the resistance is smaller, and the energy of heat loss on the electric wire is smaller. The pure copper groove filling rate of the motor can be improved to a greater extent, the phase resistance value and the electric load are reduced, the groove inner area is utilized to the greatest extent, the motor temperature rise is improved, and the motor power density is improved.

Example 2:

on the basis of embodiment 1, a slot wedge 3 as shown in fig. 3 is installed at the notch position of each closed slot, and an insulating gasket 4 is arranged on the surface of the slot wedge 3. The slot wedge 3 is made of a metal material which is the same as the stator core in material.

The material of the slot wedge is the same as that of the tooth part in the embodiment; the notch has good magnetic conductivity, can effectively eliminate torque pulsation, reduce vibration and noise caused by cogging torque, and weaken each subharmonic.

Example 3:

on the basis of any one of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 4, the high-efficiency variable power motor further includes a central controller and a plurality of motor controllers, wherein the motor controllers correspond to the winding units one to one, the central controller is used for controlling all the motor controllers, and the motor controllers are used for controlling the power supply of the corresponding winding units.

The four "controllers" in fig. 4 are motor controllers in this embodiment.

The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, the term "connected" used herein may be directly connected or indirectly connected via other components without being particularly described.

Claims (7)

1. A high-efficiency variable-power motor comprises a rotor and a stator, and is characterized in that the stator comprises a plurality of winding units distributed along the radial direction, each winding unit comprises a plurality of windings distributed annularly and uniformly, and each winding unit supplies power independently; the resistance of each winding unit is gradually increased from inside to outside along the radial direction;

the winding unit is arranged on the stator core (1); the stator core (1) is provided with a plurality of annularly and uniformly distributed slot groups, each slot group comprises a plurality of closed slots distributed along the radial direction, and all the closed slots in each slot group are sequentially communicated along the radial direction.

2. A high efficiency variable work machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a slot wedge (3) is installed at the notch position of each closed slot.

3. A high efficiency variable work machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the surface of the slot wedge (3) is provided with an insulating spacer (4).

4. The efficient variable power motor according to claim 1, further comprising a central controller and a plurality of motor controllers, wherein the motor controllers correspond to the winding units one by one, the central controller is used for controlling all the motor controllers, and the motor controllers are used for controlling power supply of the corresponding winding units.

5. A high efficiency variable power electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of said winding units is four, and the first winding unit (5), the second winding unit (6), the third winding unit (7) and the fourth winding unit (8) are arranged in sequence from inside to outside along the radial direction.

6. A high efficiency variable work machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the slot group comprises a first closed slot (9), a second closed slot (10), a third closed slot (11), a fourth closed slot (12) distributed in turn from inside to outside along the radial direction; the winding in the first winding unit (5) is located in a first closed slot (9), the winding in the second winding unit (6) is located in a second closed slot (10), the winding in the third winding unit (7) is located in a third closed slot (11), and the winding in the fourth winding unit (8) is located in a fourth closed slot (12).

7. A high efficiency variable power electric machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the slot wedge (3) is made of a metallic material.

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