CN216146173U - Brushless DC motor, electric drive device, and electric device - Google Patents
Brushless DC motor, electric drive device, and electric device Download PDFInfo
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- CN216146173U CN216146173U CN202122160667.6U CN202122160667U CN216146173U CN 216146173 U CN216146173 U CN 216146173U CN 202122160667 U CN202122160667 U CN 202122160667U CN 216146173 U CN216146173 U CN 216146173U
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-current and high-performance brushless direct current motor, an electric driving device and electric equipment. The brushless dc motor of the present invention is provided in an electric driving apparatus provided in an electric device for driving the electric device, and includes: the brushless direct current motor has the phase number of k, has j winding units, and the phase number of each winding unit is k and contains at least k phase lines, and each winding unit contains k phase windings, and each phase winding contains m coils, and m coils are symmetrical about the motor axis, still includes DC power supply, driver, inverter, its characterized in that: the inverter comprises at least k × j half-bridge circuits, each half-bridge circuit is correspondingly connected with one phase line, k is a positive integer larger than 2, j is a positive integer larger than 1, and m is a positive integer larger than 1.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of motors, and particularly relates to a high-current and high-performance brushless direct current motor, an electric driving device and electric equipment.
Background
With the increase of environmental protection requirements, the exhaust emission of fuel equipment is more and more strictly regulated in China and even all over the world, and therefore, various electric equipment such as electric automobiles, electric tools and the like are more and more favored by manufacturers and consumers. In addition, compared with fuel oil equipment, the electric equipment also has the advantages of high energy utilization rate, simple structure, low noise, good dynamic performance, high portability and the like.
In an electric driving device and an electric device powered by a power battery, such as an electric motorcycle, an electric tool and the like, the power supply voltage is limited and generally lower than 48 volts, and the power of a motor is relatively high, so that the current of the motor is relatively high and can reach hundreds of amperes. Therefore, the output current of the inverter inevitably increases, and the power switching elements constituting the inverter also have to be selected to have a higher rated current.
However, under various conditions, the power switching elements with large current are very expensive or cannot be purchased, or even do not exist, in such a case, two or more power switching elements with small current, which are low in total price and easy to purchase, are often selected, and the inverter is built in a parallel current sharing manner.
Under the condition that the consistency of the switching characteristics is high, the parallel power switching elements can be switched on and off simultaneously, so that the current can be shared averagely, and the current equalizing effect is good. However, the power switch elements with high consistency need to be customized to the original factory or obtained by screening, so that the cost is increased, and the cost is increased sharply as the number of parallel connection is increased. In addition, it is difficult to ensure high consistency of power switching elements for a long period of time due to the influence of the use environment and the aging of the power switching elements. If the parallel power switch elements cannot share the current averagely, the current sharing fails, and a single power switch element is damaged, so that the whole inverter is damaged.
With the increase of the parallel connection quantity of the power switch elements, the consistency of the switching characteristics is more difficult to ensure, so that the current sharing effect is poorer, the damage possibility is higher, and the problem is more serious. Because the parallel current sharing technology cannot ensure that any plurality of parallel switching elements are simultaneously switched on and off, the increase of the current value and the power of the motor is seriously influenced and limited, and the development of a large-current and high-power electric driving device and electric equipment becomes a difficult obstacle.
Due to the poor consistency of the power switching elements produced in china, china needs to import a large number of power semiconductors every year. According to the related data, the amount of the power switch element imported by China every year is up to several billion yuan. In addition, some special fields or special products may have serious consequences due to shortage of power semiconductors if imported power semiconductors are used. The serious dependence on import also influences the development of relevant Chinese manufacturers and weakens the influence of Chinese products in the international market.
In conclusion, these problems have seriously affected the development of large-current and large-power electric driving devices and electric equipment, including electric motorcycles, electric motorboats, electric tools, electric vehicles, electric boats, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a high-current, high-performance brushless dc motor, an electric drive device, and an electric device.
< Structure 1>
The invention provides a brushless direct current motor, which is characterized by comprising: the brushless direct current motor has a phase number of k, j winding units are provided, the phase number of each winding unit is k and comprises at least k phase lines, each winding unit comprises k phase windings, each phase winding comprises m coils, the m coils are symmetrical about a motor axis, k is a positive integer larger than 2, j is a positive integer larger than 1, and m is a positive integer larger than 1.
The brushless dc motor according to the present invention may further include: wherein, the m coils contained in each phase winding are connected in series or in parallel.
The brushless dc motor according to the present invention may further include: and the polarities of the magnetic poles formed by the m coils at one end of each stator tooth in each phase winding are the same.
The brushless dc motor according to the present invention may further include: the winding connection mode of each winding unit is k-edge connection or star connection without a neutral line.
The brushless dc motor according to the present invention may further include: the winding connection mode of each winding unit is star connection with a neutral wire, and each winding unit comprises k phase wires and one neutral wire.
< Structure two >
Further, the present invention provides an electric driving apparatus including the brushless dc motor, provided in an electric device, for driving the electric device, including: a brushless DC motor having a rated line voltage and a rated line current; a DC power supply having a constant voltage corresponding to a rated line voltage for supplying a DC power corresponding to a rated line current; a driver outputting a driving signal according to the control signal; an inverter for converting the DC power into AC power according to the driving signal and supplying the AC power to the motor, characterized in that: the inverter comprises at least k × j half-bridge circuits, each half-bridge circuit is correspondingly connected with one phase line, k is a positive integer larger than 2, and j is a positive integer larger than 1.
The electric drive device according to the present invention may further include: wherein, each group of driving signals drives j half-bridge circuits to work.
The electric drive device according to the present invention may further include: wherein, each group of driving signals drives one half-bridge circuit to work.
The electric drive device according to the present invention may further include: each half-bridge circuit comprises an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm, the upper bridge arm comprises at least one power switch element, the lower bridge arm comprises at least one power switch element, and the number of the power switch elements of the upper bridge arm and the number of the power switch elements of the lower bridge arm are equal.
< Structure III >
Furthermore, the invention also provides electric equipment comprising the brushless direct current motor.
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the brushless direct current motor related to the invention, the phase number of the brushless direct current motor is k, j winding units are provided, the phase number of each winding unit is k and comprises at least k phase lines, each winding unit comprises k phase windings, each phase winding comprises m coils, the m coils are symmetrical about a motor axis, k is a positive integer greater than 2, j is a positive integer greater than 1, and m is a positive integer greater than 1, so that the m coils of each phase winding can form a couple moment, the output torque of the brushless direct current motor has smaller pulsation, mechanical vibration and noise are smaller, and the performance is better.
According to the electric driving device and the electric equipment of the invention, the brushless direct current motor has k phases, j winding units are provided, the number of the phases of each winding unit is k and comprises at least k phase lines, each winding unit comprises k phase windings, each phase winding comprises m coils, the m coils are symmetrical about a motor axis, k is a positive integer larger than 2, j is a positive integer larger than 1, m is a positive integer larger than 1, and the brushless direct current motor also has a rated line voltage and a rated line current; a DC power supply having a constant voltage corresponding to a rated line voltage for supplying a DC power corresponding to a rated line current; a driver outputting a driving signal according to the control signal; an inverter for converting the DC power into AC power according to the driving signal and supplying the AC power to the motor, characterized in that: the inverter comprises at least k × j half-bridge circuits, each half-bridge circuit is correspondingly connected with one phase line, so that j winding units are not directly connected in a circuit and are mutually independent circuit structures, the current of the motor is divided by the j winding units to be reduced, and the output current of each half-bridge circuit of the inverter is also relatively low, so that a low-current power switch element or a power module can be adopted in each half-bridge circuit, and the j winding units can realize synchronous operation, thereby being beneficial to increasing the dynamic torque of the motor. In addition, k can be equal to 3, mature three-phase motor control technology can be directly utilized, and structures such as production equipment, dies and the like of the three-phase motor can also be directly adopted, so that the research and development process can be favorably shortened, and the research and development cost and the production cost can be reduced.
In conclusion, the electric driving device has the advantages of simple and reasonable structural design, small pulsation of output torque, small mechanical vibration and noise, low cost, low failure rate, long service life and the like. For the electric drive device with large current, the power switch element produced in China can be used, and the electric drive device can work safely and reliably, is beneficial to helping China enterprises to realize import substitution, promotes the benign development of China enterprises, and improves the competitiveness of related products manufactured in China in the international market.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electric drive device according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a motor winding in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the following description is made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to describe the specific embodiments of the invention.
The electric drive device 10 is provided in an electric apparatus such as an electric tool, an electric vehicle, an electric motorcycle, an electric motorboat, or the like, and drives the electric apparatus.
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an electric driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the electric drive device 10 includes a brushless dc motor 11, a dc power supply 12, a command transmitting unit 13, a controller 14, a driver 15, and an inverter 16.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a motor winding in an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the brushless dc motor 11 includes a stator core having stator teeth and stator slots, and each coil is nested in a corresponding stator tooth.
The brushless dc motor 11 has k phases, a rated line voltage, and a rated line current, and j winding units, each of which has k phases and includes k phase lines. In this embodiment, k is 3 and j is 2.
The dc power supply 12 is a power battery or a rectified source. In this embodiment, the dc power supply 12 is a power battery, and has advantages of being convenient to carry.
As shown in fig. 1, the brushless dc motor 11 has 2 winding units 111 and 112. The winding connection mode of each winding unit is k-edge connection or star connection without a neutral line. In the present embodiment, the winding of the brushless dc motor 11 is connected in a triangular connection, that is, a triangular connection. In the low-voltage high-current electric driving device, the windings are connected in a triangular mode, so that the voltage utilization rate of the direct-current power supply 12 is improved, and the rated line current and the rated power of the motor are increased under the condition that the voltage is not changed.
Each winding unit contains k phase windings. In the present embodiment, each winding unit comprises 3 phase windings and 3 phase lines. As shown in fig. 1, the winding unit 111 includes 3 phase windings, i.e., an a-phase winding a11a12a31a32, a B-phase winding B11B12B31B32, and a C-phase winding C11C12C31C32, and includes 3 phase lines U1, V1, and W1; the winding unit 112 includes 3 phase windings, i.e., an a-phase winding a21a22a41a42, a B-phase winding B21B22B41B42, and a C-phase winding C21C22C41C42, and includes 3 phase lines U2, V2, and W2. In the phase winding a11a12a31a32, a11 is the leading end of the phase winding and a32 is the trailing end of the phase winding. And so on for the head and tail ends of the other phase windings. U1 and U2 are phase lines of U phase, V1 and V2 are phase lines of V phase, W1 and W2 are phase lines of W phase,
each phase winding comprises m coils, the m coils being symmetrical about the motor axis, m being a positive integer greater than 1. In this embodiment, m equals 2, and each phase winding contains 2 coils, the 2 coils being symmetric about the motor axis. Each phase winding comprises m coils which are connected in series, in parallel or in a mixed connection of first in series and then in parallel and then in series. The m coils included in each phase winding have the same polarity of magnetic poles formed at one end of the stator teeth. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the phase winding a11a12a31a32 includes 2 coils a11a12 and a31a32 connected in series, the coil a11a12 and the coil a31a32 are symmetrical with respect to the motor axis and have the same polarity of magnetic poles formed at one end of the stator teeth, and can generate a pair of moments of couple. The phase winding B11B12B31B32 includes 2 coils B11B12 and B31B32 connected in series, the coils B11B12 and B31B32 are symmetrical about the motor axis and the poles formed at one end of the stator teeth are of the same polarity, and are capable of generating a pair of moments of couple. The phase winding C11C12C31C32 comprises 2 coils C11C12 and C31C32 which are connected in series, the coils C11C12 and C31C32 are symmetrical about the axis of the motor, the polarities of the magnetic poles formed at one end of each stator tooth are the same, and a pair of couple moments can be generated. The phase winding a21a22a41a42 includes 2 coils a21a22 and a41a42 connected in series, the coil a21a22 and the coil a41a42 are symmetrical about the motor axis and have the same polarity of magnetic poles formed at one end of the stator teeth, and can generate a pair of moments of couple. The phase winding B21B22B41B42 comprises 2 coils B21B22 and B41B42 which are connected in series, the coil B21B22 and the coil B41B42 are symmetrical about the axis of the motor, the polarities of the magnetic poles formed at one end of each stator tooth are the same, and a pair of couple moments can be generated. The phase winding C21C22C41C42 comprises 2 coils C21C22 and C41C42 which are connected in series, the coils C21C22 and C41C42 are symmetrical about the axis of the motor, the polarities of the magnetic poles formed at one end of each stator tooth are the same, and a pair of couple moments can be generated.
Because the 2 winding units 111 and 112 are independent of each other, no circuit connection exists between the winding units, the number of phase windings included in the winding units is the same, and the resistance values of the phase windings of each phase of the 2 winding units are equal, the current of the brushless direct current motor 11 can be equally distributed by the 2 winding units, so that the current equalization inside the motor is realized.
The dc power supply 12 has a constant voltage corresponding to a rated line voltage of the brushless dc motor 11 for supplying a dc power corresponding to a rated line current of the brushless dc motor 11.
The command transmitting unit 13 transmits a command signal corresponding to a value of displacement, rotation speed, or torque output from the brushless dc motor 11.
The controller 14 calculates and outputs a corresponding control signal, which is a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal, based on the command signal of the command transmitting unit 13.
The driver 15 performs power amplification according to the PWM signal and outputs 3 sets of driving signals.
The controller 14 and the driver 15 may also be combined in one control unit, which may be one module. The circuit is simpler, and the circuit board size is littleer, is favorable to reduce cost.
The inverter 16 converts the dc power into ac power according to the driving signal and provides the ac power to the brushless dc motor 11, and includes at least 6 half-bridge circuits, each of which is connected to one of the phase lines. The inverter 16 comprises 2 inverter units 161, 162, each having 3 parallel-connected half-bridge circuits for a total of 6 half-bridge circuits. And 3 half-bridge circuits of each inversion unit are correspondingly connected with three phase lines of 1 winding unit. As shown in fig. 1, taking the inverter unit 162 as an example, the inverter unit 162 has 3 half- bridge circuits 1621, 1622, and 1623 connected in parallel, and the half- bridge circuits 1621, 1622, and 1623 are correspondingly connected to the 3 phase lines U2, V2, and W2 of the winding unit 112. In fig. 1, the connection relationship of the lines is represented by small circles and corresponding symbols. Similarly, the 3 half-bridge circuits of the inverter unit 161 are connected to the 3 phase lines U1, V1 and W1 of the winding unit 111.
Each half-bridge circuit comprises an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm, the upper bridge arm comprises at least one power switch element, the lower bridge arm comprises at least one power switch element, and the number of the power switch elements contained in the upper bridge arm and the number of the power switch elements contained in the lower bridge arm are equal. In this embodiment, the upper and lower legs of each half-bridge circuit each include a power switching element.
The current of the brushless direct current motor 11 is equally shared by 2 winding units, the phase line current of each winding unit is small, and the output current of each half-bridge circuit correspondingly connected with each phase line is also small, so that the power switch elements in the half-bridge circuits do not need to adopt a parallel current sharing technology, the power switch elements adopting small current can also meet the requirements, and the cost is reduced, and the reliability is improved. When the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm respectively comprise two or more than two power switch elements connected in parallel, the heat dissipation area is increased, the thermal pressure of a single power switch element is reduced, the temperature rise is reduced, the reliability is improved, and the service life is prolonged.
Each half-bridge circuit may be formed by one power module, each inverter unit may be formed by one power module, and the inverter may be formed by one power module. The smaller the number of the adopted power modules, the smaller the volume and the higher the reliability.
The power switch element may be any one of a field effect transistor (MOSFET), a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), an Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT), an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT), a power bipolar transistor (GTR), and a gate commutated thyristor (SGCT). In a low-voltage electric driving device, a MOSFET is generally adopted, and has the advantages of high input resistance, low noise, good thermal stability, strong anti-interference capability, low power consumption and lower cost. In a high-voltage electric driving device, an IGBT is generally adopted, and the high-voltage electric driving device has the advantages of simple driving, easy protection, no buffer circuit, high switching frequency and the like, and is low in cost.
Each group of driving signals has 2 driving signals and drives a half-bridge circuit to work, one driving signal drives the power switch element of the corresponding upper bridge arm to be switched on and switched off, and the other driving signal drives the power switch element of the corresponding lower bridge arm to be switched on and switched off.
When one winding unit or one inversion unit has a fault, the corresponding driving signal can be output through the driver shielding, namely the winding unit and the inversion unit which have the fault can be isolated and shielded, the other winding unit and the other inversion unit can also continue to work, and the coupling torque can also be output, so that the generation of larger torque pulsation and mechanical vibration is avoided.
The driver 15 comprises one driver module or 2 identical driver modules. When the driver 15 includes one driving module, the structure is simpler, the number of peripheral components is smaller, and the circuit board can be made smaller. When driver 15 contains 2 drive module, these 2 drive module's production brand and model are the same, and the kind of components and parts is still less to the purchase, and the purchase quantity of drive module list article is more, is favorable to reduce cost, and to the inspection of getting goods, the work load is still less, and the quality is controlled more easily, and product quality is more reliable.
In this embodiment, the winding connection manner of each winding unit may also be a star connection with a neutral line, at this time, each winding unit includes k phase lines and one neutral line, each inverter includes (k +1) × j half-bridge circuits, each inverter unit includes k +1 half-bridge units, and one half-bridge unit is correspondingly connected with one neutral line.
In this embodiment, each set of driving signals can also drive j half-bridge circuits to operate. In this time, the driver can normally work only by k groups of driving signals at least, the required resources are less, and the cost is lower.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
According to the brushless dc motor of the present embodiment, the number of phases of the brushless dc motor is k, the brushless dc motor has j winding units, the number of phases of each winding unit is k and includes at least k phase lines, each winding unit includes k phase windings, each phase winding includes m coils, the m coils are symmetrical with respect to a motor axis, k is a positive integer greater than 2, j is a positive integer greater than 1, and m is a positive integer greater than 1, so that the m coils of each phase winding can form a moment of couple, the ripple of the output torque of the brushless dc motor is smaller, the mechanical vibration and noise are smaller, and the performance is better.
According to the electric drive device and the electric equipment of the present embodiment, the brushless dc motor has k phases, j winding units, and k phases and at least k phase lines in each winding unit, and each winding unit includes k phase windings, each phase winding includes m coils, the m coils are symmetrical with respect to a motor axis, k is a positive integer greater than 2, j is a positive integer greater than 1, and m is a positive integer greater than 1, and the brushless dc motor further has a rated line voltage and a rated line current; a DC power supply having a constant voltage corresponding to a rated line voltage for supplying a DC power corresponding to a rated line current; a driver outputting a driving signal according to the control signal; an inverter for converting the DC power into AC power according to the driving signal and supplying the AC power to the motor, characterized in that: the inverter comprises at least k × j half-bridge circuits, each half-bridge circuit is correspondingly connected with one phase line, so that j winding units are not directly connected in a circuit and are mutually independent circuit structures, the current of the motor is divided by the j winding units to be reduced, and the output current of each half-bridge circuit of the inverter is also relatively low, so that a low-current power switch element or a power module can be adopted in each half-bridge circuit, and the j winding units can realize synchronous operation, thereby being beneficial to increasing the dynamic torque of the motor. In addition, k can be equal to 3, mature three-phase motor control technology can be directly utilized, and structures such as production equipment, dies and the like of the three-phase motor can also be directly adopted, so that the research and development process can be favorably shortened, and the research and development cost and the production cost can be reduced.
In conclusion, the electric driving device of the embodiment has the advantages of simple and reasonable structural design, small output torque pulsation, small mechanical vibration and noise, low cost, low failure rate, long service life and the like. For the electric drive device with large current, the power switch element produced in China can be used, and the electric drive device can work safely and reliably, is beneficial to helping China enterprises to realize import substitution, promotes the benign development of China enterprises, and improves the competitiveness of related products manufactured in China in the international market.
The above embodiments are merely basic illustrations of the concept of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention. Any equivalent changes made according to the technical scheme of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A brushless dc motor, comprising:
the brushless DC motor has k phases and j winding units,
the number of phases of each winding unit is k and comprises at least k phase lines,
each of said winding units comprising k phase windings,
each of said phase windings comprising m coils,
m of said coils are symmetrical with respect to the motor axis,
the k is a positive integer greater than 2,
the j is a positive integer greater than 1,
and m is a positive integer greater than 1.
2. The brushless dc motor of claim 1, wherein:
wherein m coils included in each of the phase windings are connected in series or in parallel.
3. The brushless dc motor of claim 1, wherein:
and the polarity of the magnetic poles formed by the m coils at one end of each stator tooth in each phase winding is the same.
4. The brushless dc motor of claim 1, wherein:
the winding connection mode of each winding unit is k-edge connection or star connection without a neutral line.
5. The brushless dc motor of claim 1, wherein:
wherein the winding connection mode of each winding unit is star connection with a neutral line,
each winding unit comprises k phase lines and a neutral line.
6. An electric drive device provided in an electric equipment for driving the electric equipment, comprising:
a brushless DC motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
the brushless direct current motor is provided with a rated line voltage and a rated line current;
a DC power supply having a constant voltage corresponding to the rated line voltage for providing a DC power corresponding to the rated line current;
a driver outputting a driving signal according to the control signal;
an inverter converting the direct current into an alternating current according to the driving signal and supplying the alternating current to the motor,
the method is characterized in that:
wherein the inverter comprises at least k × j half-bridge circuits, each half-bridge circuit is correspondingly connected with one phase line,
the k is a positive integer greater than 2,
and j is a positive integer greater than 1.
7. The electric drive apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that:
wherein, each group of the driving signals drives j half-bridge circuits to work.
8. The electric drive apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that:
wherein each set of the driving signals drives one of the half-bridge circuits to operate.
9. The electric drive apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that:
wherein each of the half-bridge circuits comprises an upper bridge arm comprising at least one power switching element and a lower bridge arm comprising at least one power switching element,
the upper bridge arm and the lower bridge arm comprise the same number of power switch elements.
10. An electrically powered device, comprising:
a brushless DC motor according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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| CN202122160667.6U CN216146173U (en) | 2021-09-08 | 2021-09-08 | Brushless DC motor, electric drive device, and electric device |
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| CN202122160667.6U CN216146173U (en) | 2021-09-08 | 2021-09-08 | Brushless DC motor, electric drive device, and electric device |
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| CN216146173U true CN216146173U (en) | 2022-03-29 |
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