CN216114444U - Evaporative cooling system - Google Patents
Evaporative cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN216114444U CN216114444U CN202122224239.5U CN202122224239U CN216114444U CN 216114444 U CN216114444 U CN 216114444U CN 202122224239 U CN202122224239 U CN 202122224239U CN 216114444 U CN216114444 U CN 216114444U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an evaporative cooling system, which comprises an air dehumidifying tower, an evaporative cooling device and an absorption solution regeneration tower; a first packing layer, a concentrated absorption solution spraying device and a dilute absorption solution collecting tank are arranged in the air dehumidifying tower, and a first air introducing port is arranged between the first packing layer and the dilute absorption solution collecting tank; the evaporative cooling device comprises a water spraying device, a heat transfer pipe bundle, a process fluid leading-in pipeline, a process fluid leading-out pipeline, a water collecting tank, a dry air leading-in port, a wet air leading-out port and a spraying water circulating pipeline; the inside of the absorption solution regeneration tower is provided with a second packing layer, a dilute absorption solution spraying device and a concentrated absorption solution collecting tank. According to the utility model, the air dehumidification tower is arranged to dry the air, and the dry air is supplied to the evaporative cooling device to cool the process fluid, so that the cooling temperature which can be reached by the process fluid is obviously reduced, and the effects of energy conservation, emission reduction and cost reduction are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of thermal energy engineering, in particular to an evaporative cooling system, and particularly relates to an evaporative cooling system for process fluid by utilizing industrial low-temperature waste heat and waste heat.
Background
The conventional evaporative cooler is limited by the humidity of the outside air, namely the temperature of wet bulb, and can only cool the process fluid to about 35-40 ℃ in summer in the south in particular. For the condition that the process fluid needs to be cooled to a lower temperature, only a compression type refrigerating system and the like can be adopted for secondary cooling, and the energy consumption and the cost are higher.
On the other hand, industrial applications requiring cooling of process fluids tend to discharge large amounts of waste heat at low temperatures, which cannot be effectively utilized due to lack of economically viable utilization technologies.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model mainly aims to provide an evaporative cooling system, and aims to solve the technical problem that the cooling temperature which can be reached by process fluid can be obviously reduced without adopting a compression type refrigeration system so as to realize the effects of energy conservation, emission reduction and cost reduction in the industrial field.
The purpose of the utility model and the technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following technical scheme. The evaporative cooling system comprises an air dehumidification tower, an evaporative cooling device and an absorption solution regeneration tower;
a first packing layer is arranged in the air dehumidifying tower, a concentrated absorption solution spraying device is arranged above the first packing layer, a dilute absorption solution collecting tank is arranged below the first packing layer, and a first air introducing port is arranged between the first packing layer and the dilute absorption solution collecting tank;
the evaporative cooling device comprises a water spraying device, a heat transfer pipe bundle, a process fluid introducing pipeline, a process fluid guiding pipeline, a water collecting tank, a dry air introducing port, a wet air guiding port and a spraying water circulating pipeline; the water spraying device is positioned above the heat transfer tube bundle, the water collecting tank is positioned below the heat transfer tube bundle, the water collecting tank is connected with the water spraying device through the spraying water circulation pipeline, and the heat transfer tube bundle is connected with the process fluid leading-in pipeline and the process fluid leading-out pipeline through the header;
the top of the air dehumidifying tower is provided with a dry air outlet; a dry air inlet is arranged between the heat transfer tube bundle and the water collecting tank; the dry air outlet is connected with the dry air inlet through a dry air pipeline;
the top of the absorption solution regeneration tower is provided with a high-temperature air outlet, a second packing layer is arranged inside the absorption solution regeneration tower, a dilute absorption solution spraying device is arranged above the second packing layer, a concentrated absorption solution collecting tank is arranged below the second packing layer, and a second air inlet is arranged between the second packing layer and the concentrated absorption solution collecting tank;
the dilute absorption solution collecting tank of the air dehumidifying tower is connected with the dilute absorption solution spraying device of the absorption solution regeneration tower through a dilute absorption solution pipeline, and the concentrated absorption solution collecting tank is connected with the concentrated absorption solution spraying device through a concentrated absorption solution pipeline;
the dilute absorption solution pipeline is also provided with a heater, and the hot side of the heater is connected with a heat medium inlet pipeline and a heat medium outlet pipeline of an external driving heat source.
The object of the present invention and the technical problems solved thereby can be further achieved by the following technical measures.
Preferably, in the evaporative cooling system, a wet air outlet of the evaporative cooling apparatus is connected to the second air inlet of the absorbent solution regeneration tower through a wet air pipe.
Preferably, the evaporative cooling system is further provided with a cooler, a hot side of the cooler is connected with the concentrated absorption solution pipeline, and a cold side of the cooler is connected with a cooling water pipeline of external cooling water.
Preferably, in the evaporative cooling system, the heat transfer tube bundles are divided into two or more groups, the process fluid introducing pipe is connected to an inlet of the uppermost heat transfer tube bundle through a header, and the process fluid discharging pipe is connected to an outlet of the lowermost heat transfer tube bundle through a header, so as to form two or more flows of the process fluid.
Preferably, in the evaporative cooling system, the heat transfer tube bundle is a serpentine heat transfer coil bundle, an upper inlet of the serpentine heat transfer coil bundle is connected to the process fluid introducing pipe through an upper header, and a lower outlet of the serpentine heat transfer coil bundle is connected to the process fluid discharging pipe through a lower header, so as to form two or more than two flows of the process fluid.
Preferably, in the evaporative cooling system, a spray water circulation pipe of the evaporative cooling device is connected to the water spray device through the cold side of the cooler.
Preferably, in the evaporative cooling system, the process fluid introduction duct of the evaporative cooling device is connected to the heat transfer tube bundle through the hot side of the heater.
Preferably, in the evaporative cooling system, a third packing layer is arranged between the water spraying device of the evaporative cooling device and the heat transfer tube bundle.
By means of the technical scheme, the evaporative cooling system provided by the utility model at least has the following advantages:
1. the evaporative cooling system provided by the utility model comprises an air dehumidifying tower, an evaporative cooling device and an absorption solution regeneration tower; the air dehumidifying tower is used for drying air to generate dry air with the humidity and the wet bulb temperature being obviously lower than that of external air; the evaporative cooling device cools the process fluid by using the drying air so as to obviously reduce the cooling temperature of the process fluid; and the absorption solution regeneration tower is used for regenerating the absorption solution so as to recycle the absorption solution. The utility model combines the open absorption heat pump with the evaporative cooling device, does not need to adopt a compression type refrigeration system, can fully utilize the heat and the cold of the open absorption heat pump, reduces the energy consumption and reduces the production cost.
2. The utility model further divides the heat transfer tube bundle into a plurality of groups or adopts the snakelike heat transfer coil pipe in the evaporative cooling device to realize the tube pass multi-flow of the process fluid, thereby forming the counter-flow heat exchange of the process fluid and the dry air, not only improving the heat exchange efficiency, but also leading the process fluid to reach lower cooling temperature.
3. The third packing layer is arranged above the heat transfer tube bundle, the open cooling tower and the closed cooling tower (namely an evaporative cooler) are combined together substantially, the temperature of spray water is increased after the spray water is cooled by a concentrated absorption solution through the cooler, and the spray water with the increased temperature can be cooled by air flowing through the heat transfer tube bundle through the third packing layer, so that the gradient utilization of dry air and the further improvement of the performance of the evaporative cooling system are realized.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an evaporative cooling system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another evaporative cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of yet another evaporative cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of yet another evaporative cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of yet another evaporative cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of yet another evaporative cooling system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an evaporative cooling system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of yet another evaporative cooling system in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention for achieving the intended purpose of the utility model, the following detailed description of the evaporative cooling system according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments will be made to describe the detailed embodiments, structures, features and effects thereof. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, one embodiment of the present invention proposes an evaporative cooling system including: an air dehumidifying tower 10, an evaporative cooling device 20 and an absorption solution regenerating tower 30;
a first filler layer 12 is arranged in the air dehumidifying tower 10, a concentrated absorption solution spraying device 13 is arranged above the first filler layer 12, a dilute absorption solution collecting tank 14 is arranged below the first filler layer 12, and a first air inlet 15 is arranged between the first filler layer 12 and the dilute absorption solution collecting tank 14;
the evaporative cooling device 20 comprises a water spraying device 23, a heat transfer pipe bundle 22, a process fluid introducing pipeline 1, a process fluid guiding pipeline 2, a water collecting tank 24, a dry air introducing port 25, a wet air guiding port 21 and a spraying water circulating pipeline 26; the water spraying device 23 is positioned above the heat transfer tube bundle 22, the water collecting tank 24 is positioned below the heat transfer tube bundle 22, the water collecting tank 24 is connected with the water spraying device 23 through a spraying water circulating pipeline 26, and the heat transfer tube bundle 22 is connected with the process fluid introducing pipeline 1 and the process fluid leading-out pipeline 2 through a header 29;
the top of the air dehumidifying tower 10 is provided with a dry air outlet 11; a dry air inlet 25 is provided between the heat transfer tube bundle 22 and the header tank 24; the dry air outlet 11 is connected with the dry air inlet 25 through a dry air pipeline 18;
the top of the absorption solution regeneration tower 30 is provided with a high-temperature air outlet 31, the inside of the absorption solution regeneration tower 30 is provided with a second packing layer 32, a dilute absorption solution spraying device 33 is arranged above the second packing layer 32, a concentrated absorption solution collecting tank 34 is arranged below the second packing layer 32, a second air inlet 35 is arranged between the second packing layer 32 and the concentrated absorption solution collecting tank 34, the dilute absorption solution collecting tank 14 of the air dehumidification tower 10 is connected with the dilute absorption solution spraying device 33 of the absorption solution regeneration tower through a dilute absorption solution pipeline 16, and the concentrated absorption solution collecting tank 34 is connected with the concentrated absorption solution spraying device 13 through a concentrated absorption solution pipeline 36.
The dilute absorption solution pipeline 16 is also provided with a heater 40, and the hot side of the heater 40 is connected with a heat medium inlet pipeline 3 and a heat medium outlet pipeline 4 of an external driving heat source.
In the present embodiment, the first air blower 19 may be provided in the dry air duct 18, or may be provided in an air introduction duct (not shown) connected to the first air introduction port 15. The dilute absorbing solution pipe 16 is provided with a dilute absorbing solution circulating pump 17. The rich absorbing solution pipe 36 is provided with a rich absorbing solution circulating pump 37. A water level regulator 9 is provided on the water collection tank 24 to automatically replenish moisture evaporated into the air.
Further, a first liquid receiver 7 is provided above the concentrated absorbent solution spray device 13 of the air dehumidifying tower 10, and a second liquid receiver 8 is provided above the dilute absorbent solution spray device 33 of the absorbent solution regeneration tower 30. A water collector (not shown) may also be provided above the water spray device 23 of the evaporative cooling device 20.
In this embodiment, the first packing layer is filled with a first packing, which may be selected from structured packing, random packing such as Raschig rings and pall rings, and preferably structured packing. The material of the filler includes, but is not limited to, plastic, metal, ceramic, etc. The second packing layer is filled with second packing, the second packing can be selected from structured packing and random packing such as Raschig rings, pall rings and the like, and the material of the second packing layer includes but is not limited to plastics, metals, ceramics and the like.
The first filler filled in the first filler layer and the second filler filled in the second filler layer may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the first filler and the second filler both employ pall rings.
Further, the evaporative cooling system of the embodiment further comprises a concentrated absorption solution, wherein the concentrated absorption solution is composed of water and an absorbent, the mass concentration of the absorbent is 40-90%, and the absorbent is CaCl2、LiNO3At least one of LiBr, LiCl, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol.
The embodiment selects the absorbent with good hygroscopicity, and the absorbent is fully contacted with the air at a certain temperature, so that the moisture content of the air can be greatly reduced. The moisture absorption capacity of a concentrated absorbent solution is related to its concentration and temperature, with higher concentrations and lower temperatures providing greater moisture absorption capacity.
In the present embodiment, the absorbent includes, but is not limited to, CaCl2、LiBr、LiCl、LiNO3One or more of diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and the like. Due to CaCl2LiBr and LiCl are extremely corrosive to metals, whereas LiNO is3Diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol have little corrosion to metals, and the absorbent is preferably LiNO3At least one of diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol.
The evaporative cooling system of the embodiment may include a concentrated absorption solution, be prepared in advance as needed, be contained in the evaporative cooling system, be used by direct installation, or not include a concentrated absorption solution, but be configured with a suitable concentrated absorption solution according to local weather conditions on the installation site.
In the present embodiment, the dilute absorbing solution is formed by absorbing moisture in the air with the concentrated absorbing solution. Thus, the absorbent of the concentrated absorbing solution is the same as the absorbent of the dilute absorbing solution, but at a different mass concentration.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the water collection tank 24 is connected to the water spraying device 23 through a spraying water circulation pipe 26. The spraying water circulation pipeline 26 is provided with a water spraying circulation pump 27.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the outside ambient air is directly introduced into the second air introduction port 35.
The configuration shown in fig. 1 is suitable for the case where the humidity of the humid air coming out of the humid-air outlet port 21 of the evaporative cooling device 20 is higher than the humidity of the outside ambient air.
The second air blower 39 in the present embodiment may be provided at the high-temperature air outlet port 31, or may be provided in an air introduction duct (not shown) connected to the second air introduction port 35.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 to 6, the moist air outlet 21 of the evaporative cooling device 20 and the second air inlet 35 of the absorbent solution regeneration tower 30 are connected to each other through a moist air duct 28.
The configuration shown in fig. 2 to 6 is applied to the case where the humidity of the humid air coming out of the humid air outlet 21 of the evaporative cooling device 20 is equal to or lower than the humidity of the external ambient air, and the humid air coming out of the humid air outlet 21 is introduced into the second air inlet 35.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the evaporative cooling system of the present embodiment further includes a cooler 50, a hot side of the cooler 50 is connected to the concentrated absorbing solution pipe 36, and a cold side of the cooler 50 is connected to the external cooling water inlet pipe 5 and the cooling water outlet pipe 6.
Further, the evaporative cooling system of the present embodiment further includes an absorption solution heat exchanger (not shown in the drawings) having a hot side connected to the rich absorption solution conduit 36 and a cold side connected to the lean absorption solution conduit 16.
The heat transfer pipe in this embodiment can adopt a plurality of groups of heat transfer pipe bundles or snakelike heat transfer coil bundles connected by a header to realize the tube pass multipass of the process fluid, the adopted heat transfer pipe can be a round tube, an oval tube, a finned tube or a plurality of groups of plate type heat exchange units connected in parallel, the heat transfer pipe in the multipass realizes the countercurrent heat exchange of the process fluid and the dry air, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the process fluid can reach lower cooling temperature.
In some embodiments, the heat transfer tube bundle 22 is a serpentine heat transfer coil bundle (not shown), an upper inlet of the serpentine heat transfer coil bundle is connected to the process fluid inlet pipe 1 through an upper header, and a lower outlet of the serpentine heat transfer coil bundle is connected to the process fluid outlet pipe 2 through a lower header, so as to form two or more flows of the process fluid.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 4-6, the heat transfer tube bundle 22 comprises 4 sets of heat transfer tube bundles, the process fluid inlet conduit 1 is connected to the inlet of the uppermost heat transfer tube bundle via a header 29, and the process fluid outlet conduit 2 is connected to the outlet of the lowermost heat transfer tube bundle via the header 29, thereby forming 4 passes of the process fluid.
Further, as shown in fig. 5 to 6, the shower water circulation pipe 26 of the evaporative cooling device 20 of the present embodiment is connected to the water shower device 23 via the cold side of the cooler 50.
The spray water in the evaporative cooling device has lower temperature and can be used as cooling water to cool the concentrated absorption solution, thereby further reducing the humidity and wet bulb temperature of the dry air.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the process fluid introduction pipe 1 of the evaporative cooling device 20 of the present embodiment is connected to the heat transfer tube bundle 22 through the hot side of the heater 40.
When the temperature of the process fluid is high, the process fluid can be used as a regenerative driving heat source of the absorption solution to utilize the heat of the process fluid, and meanwhile, the cooling load of the evaporative cooling device 20 is effectively reduced.
Of course, in the case where the temperature or heat of the process fluid does not fully satisfy the driving heat source requirement, a heater using an external heat source may be added in series with the heater 40.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an operation method of the above-mentioned evaporative cooling system, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the operation method includes the following steps:
s1, air dehumidification: in the air dehumidifying tower 10, the air entering through the first air inlet 15 and the concentrated absorbing solution sprayed by the concentrated absorbing solution spraying device 13 are in countercurrent contact in the first filler layer 12, and the concentrated absorbing solution absorbs the moisture in the air to form a dilute absorbing solution so as to obtain dry air; wherein the temperature of the concentrated absorption solution sprayed by the concentrated absorption solution spraying device is 20-35 ℃, and the mass concentration of the absorbent is 40-90%; the flow ratio of the air entering from the first air inlet to the concentrated absorption solution sprayed by the concentrated absorption solution spraying mechanism is 500-1500; the dew point temperature of the drying air is 8-18 ℃;
in this step, the air entering from the first air inlet is external ambient air, and the dilute absorption solution formed after the countercurrent contact flows into the dilute absorption solution header tank 14 below the first filler layer 12; the resulting dry air is discharged through the dry air outlet port 11;
the concentrated absorbing solution in this step contains a certain concentration of absorbent, such as CaCl2、LiNO3LiBr or LiCl, etc., have very good hygroscopicity, under certain temperature, fully contact with air, can make the moisture content of the air reduce greatly. The absorbent capacity of an absorbent solution is related to its concentration and temperature, with higher concentrations and lower temperatures giving greater absorbent capacities.
By taking the calcium chloride solution as the concentrated absorption solution, the dehumidified air flows from bottom to top, the calcium chloride solution is sprayed from top to bottom, and the dehumidified air and the calcium chloride solution meet in the middle corrugated packing for heat and mass exchange. By virtue of the large specific surface area of the filler, air is fully contacted with the calcium chloride solution, and moisture in the air is absorbed by the calcium chloride solution. The water in the air is condensed into liquid and condensation heat needs to be released, so the calcium chloride solution before spraying needs to be cooled in a heat exchanger in advance to obtain certain cold quantity so as to offset the heat released after the water in the air is absorbed and keep the air at a proper air outlet temperature. The moisture content of the air sprayed by the calcium chloride solution is reduced, the temperature is adjusted, and then dry air is obtained, and the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is reduced to a certain degree.
S2, an evaporative cooling process of process fluid: dry air obtained in the air dehumidifying tower 10 enters the evaporative cooling device 20 through the dry air inlet 25, and is in countercurrent contact with water sprayed by the water spraying device 23 on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube bundle 22 to cool the process fluid in the heat transfer tube bundle 22, wherein the flow ratio of the dry air to the water sprayed by the water spraying device is 500-5000; the temperature of spray water sprayed by the water spraying mechanism is 15-45 ℃.
In this step, the process fluid within the heat transfer tube bundle 22 includes, but is not limited to, various liquids, gases, vapors, and multiphase fluids, and the present invention effects cooling or condensing of the process fluid. The flow ratio of the dry air to the process fluid in the heat transfer pipe is 1-1000, and the temperature after cooling is 18-30 ℃.
In this step, the shower water after the counter-current contact flows into the header tank 24 below the heat transfer tube bundle; the wet air formed by the heat absorption of the dry air is discharged through the wet air outlet 21.
Further, step S2 further includes: the shower water in the header tank 24 is returned to the water shower device 23 through the shower water circulation pipe 26.
The dry air and the spray water are in countercurrent contact between the heat transfer tubes of the heat transfer tube bundle to exchange heat with the process fluid in the heat transfer tubes to cool the process fluid in the heat transfer tubes. In the heat exchange process, the process fluid in the heat transfer pipe exchanges heat with the spray water, a part of the spray water with the increased temperature is changed into a gas state, a large amount of heat is taken away by the dry air by using the vaporization latent heat of the water, the spray water is cooled by the flowing dry air, the temperature of the spray water is reduced, the spray water enters the water collecting tank and then returns to the water spraying device 23 through the spray water circulation pipeline 26 for recycling. The dry air at this time becomes humid air and is discharged through the humid air outlet 21. And the moisture evaporated into the air can be automatically replenished by the water level regulator 9.
S3, the regeneration process of the absorption solution: air enters the absorption solution regeneration tower 30 through the second air inlet 35, and is in countercurrent contact with the dilute absorption solution sprayed by the dilute absorption solution spraying device 33 in the second filler layer 32, the dilute absorption solution loses part of moisture through the moisture absorption of the air to form a concentrated absorption solution, the regeneration of the absorption solution is completed, and the regenerated concentrated absorption solution is returned to the air dehumidification tower 10, wherein the temperature of the dilute absorption solution sprayed by the dilute absorption solution spraying device is 45-75 ℃; the ratio of the air flow entering from the second air inlet to the flow of the dilute absorption solution sprayed by the dilute absorption solution spraying device is 500-3000.
In this step, the heater 40 is used to heat the dilute absorbing solution before the dilute absorbing solution enters the dilute absorbing solution spraying device 33, so as to promote the regeneration of the dilute absorbing solution.
With LiNO3The solution is taken as an example to illustrate the regeneration process of the solution, in order to make LiNO3LiNO with reduced concentration while maintaining the required moisture absorption capacity of the solution3The solution is subjected to a process opposite to the spraying dehumidification in a regeneration tower, and LiNO is heated in advance3The solution is sprayed into the air in the regeneration tower, because of the heated LiNO3The saturated vapor pressure of the solution is higher than the partial pressure of water in air in the regeneration tower, and LiNO is3Part of water in the solution can be transferred to air and carried away, LiNO3The concentration of the solution is increased to be regenerated.
In the air dehumidifying tower, in order to obtain air of lower moisture content, LiNO may be enlarged3Solution concentration or reduction of LiNO3The temperature of the solution. The increase in concentration is limited, above a certain concentration, LiNO3The solution easily crystallizes, clogging the pipes, pump chambers and heat exchangers. For certain concentration of LiNO3The solution, the temperature is lowered to obtain dry air with lower moisture content. For the same reason, for LiNO3Regeneration of the solution, in a regeneration column, requires increased dissolutionThe temperature of the liquid increases the driving force of the moisture transferred to the air.
In this step, the concentrated absorbing solution formed after the countercurrent contact flows into the concentrated absorbing solution header tank 34 below the second filler layer 32; the high temperature air formed by the air after moisture absorption is discharged through the high temperature air outlet 31.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the external ambient air is directly introduced into the second air introduction port 35 during the regeneration of the absorbent solution. This operating method is suitable for the case when the humidity of the moist air emerging from the moist air outlet 21 of the evaporative cooling device 20 is greater than the humidity of the outside ambient air.
In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 2-6, the regeneration process of the absorption solution further comprises the steps of: the wet air formed in the evaporative cooling apparatus 20 enters the absorbent solution regeneration tower 30 through the second air inlet 35.
This operating method is suitable for the case when the humidity of the moist air emerging from the moist air outlet 21 of the evaporative cooling device 20 is less than or equal to the humidity of the outside ambient air.
Further, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the operation method further includes the following steps:
the cooler 50 is used to cool the regenerated concentrated absorbing solution before returning it to the air dehumidifying tower 10.
In the present embodiment, the regenerated concentrated absorbing solution may be cooled by external cooling water.
The concentrated absorbing solution in the concentrated absorbing solution conduit 36 may also be heat exchanged with the dilute absorbing solution in the dilute absorbing solution conduit 16 using an absorbing solution heat exchanger (not shown) before the concentrated absorbing solution is cooled and the dilute absorbing solution is heated to reduce the source of heat for heating and the source of cold for cooling.
Further, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the operation method of the present embodiment further includes the following steps:
before the shower water in the header tank 24 is returned to the water shower device 23, the shower water is used as a cold source of the cooler 50, and the cold energy of the shower water is used to cool the regenerated concentrated absorbing solution.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the operation method of the present embodiment further includes the following steps:
before the process fluid in the process fluid introduction pipe 1 is introduced into the heat transfer tube bundle 22, the process fluid in the process fluid introduction pipe 1 is used as a heat source of the heater 40, and the heat of the process fluid is used for heating the dilute absorption solution.
The embodiment of the utility model obviously enhances the performance of the evaporative cooling system by using the spray water of the evaporative cooling device with lower temperature as a cold source of the concentrated absorption solution and using the process fluid as a driving heat source for regeneration of the absorption solution.
Preferably, another embodiment of the present invention provides an evaporative cooling system, which, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, further includes:
a third packing layer 42 is arranged between the water spraying device 23 of the evaporative cooling device 20 and the heat transfer tube bundle 22.
In this embodiment, first packing layer 12 is filled with a first packing, second packing layer 32 is filled with a second packing, and third packing layer 42 is filled with a third packing, and the first packing, the second packing, and the third packing may be selected from the same or different packing, including but not limited to structured packing, Raschig rings, pall rings, and the like random packing. In some embodiments, the first, second and third packing each employ pall rings. In other embodiments, the first packing is pall rings, the second packing is raschig rings, and the third packing is structured packing. The material of the filler includes, but is not limited to, plastic, metal, ceramic, etc.
The third packing layer is arranged above the heat transfer tube bundle, and the open cooling tower and the closed cooling tower (namely an evaporative cooler) are combined organically, so that the gradient utilization of the dry air and the further improvement of the performance of the evaporative cooling system are realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 8, the process fluid introduction pipe 1 of the evaporative cooling device 20 of the present embodiment is connected to the heat transfer tube bundle 22 through the hot side of the heater 40.
When the temperature of the process fluid is high, the process fluid can be used as a regenerative driving heat source for the absorption solution to utilize the heat of the process fluid while significantly reducing the cooling load of the evaporative cooling device 20.
Of course, in the case where the temperature or heat of the process fluid does not fully satisfy the driving heat source requirement, a heater using an external heat source may be added in series with the heater 40.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention further provides an operation method of the above-mentioned evaporative cooling system, which includes, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the following steps, compared with the above-mentioned embodiment:
the water sprayed by the water spraying device 23 and the air flowing through the heat transfer tube bundle 22 are in countercurrent contact in the third packing layer 42, so as to reduce the temperature of the sprayed water.
In the present embodiment, the water sprayed by the water spraying device 23 is water that flows out of the water collection tank 24 and flows through the cooler 50 for cooling the regenerated concentrated absorbing solution; air flowing through the heat transfer tube bundle 22 refers to air that has flowed through the heat transfer tube bundle 22 and is used to cool the process fluid in the heat transfer tube bundle 22.
After the spray water is cooled by the cooler to the concentrated absorption solution, the temperature of the spray water rises, and through the arranged third packing layer 42, the spray water with the raised temperature can be cooled by the air flowing through the heat transfer pipe bundle, so that the gradient utilization of the dry air and the further promotion of the performance of the evaporative cooling system are realized.
Further, as shown in fig. 8, the operation method further includes the following steps:
before the process fluid in the process fluid introduction pipe 1 is introduced into the heat transfer tube bundle 22, the process fluid in the process fluid introduction pipe 1 is used as a heat source of the heater 40, and the heat of the process fluid is used for heating the dilute absorption solution.
The utility model adopts the air dehumidification tower and the absorption solution regeneration tower based on the open absorption heat pump circulation, and uses the industrial low-temperature waste heat which is difficult to utilize originally as the driving heat source, so that the wet bulb temperature of the air entering the evaporation cooling device is obviously reduced, the process fluid can be cooled to 30 ℃ or even below 20 ℃ in summer in the south without adopting a compression type refrigeration system, and the effects of energy conservation, emission reduction and cost reduction are achieved. The utility model provides a process fluid evaporative cooling system based on open absorption heat pump circulation, and provides an effective utilization technology of industrial low-temperature waste heat which is difficult to utilize in the prior art because the open absorption heat pump can use heat below 70 ℃ and even below 50 ℃ as a driving heat source.
Of course, the utility model can also be used for refrigeration in the industrial field or air conditioning in the building field, and the process fluid is the refrigerant for cooling.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model, but rather as providing those skilled in the art with certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the utility model based on the teachings of the utility model set forth herein.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an evaporative cooling system, referring to fig. 3, an air dehumidifying tower 10 is made of common carbon steel, the length and width of the air dehumidifying tower are 4.5m, the total height of the air dehumidifying tower is 3.3m, a concentrated absorption solution spraying mechanism 13 is composed of a spraying main pipe and a nozzle, the air dehumidifying tower is made of 304 stainless steel, the height of a first packing layer 12 is 2.5m, a polypropylene plastic pall ring is filled in the first packing layer, the bottom of the air dehumidifying tower 10 is used as a dilute absorption solution collecting box 14, the height of the air dehumidifying tower is 0.3m, and a first liquid collecting device 7 is composed of multiple layers of 304 stainless steel wires, and the height of the first liquid collecting device is 0.1 m; the evaporative cooling device 20 is made of common carbon steel, the length and width of the evaporative cooling device is 4.5m, the total height of the evaporative cooling device is 3.3m, the heat transfer pipes of the heat transfer pipe bundle 22 are oval heat transfer pipes, the material of the heat transfer pipes is the common carbon steel, the material of the absorption solution regeneration tower 30 is the common carbon steel, the length and width of the absorption solution regeneration tower is 4.5m, the total height of the absorption solution regeneration tower is 3.3m, the dilute absorption solution spraying mechanism 33 is composed of a spraying main pipe and a nozzle, and the material of the dilute absorption solution spraying mechanism is 304 stainless steel; the height of the second filler layer 32 is 2.5m, the polypropylene plastic pall ring is filled, the bottom of the absorption solution regeneration tower 30 is used as a concentrated absorption solution collecting box 34, the height of the concentrated absorption solution collecting box is 0.3m, and the second liquid receiver 8 is composed of a plurality of layers of 304 stainless steel wire meshes, and the height of the second liquid receiver is 0.1 m; the dilute absorption solution circulating pump 17, the concentrated absorption solution circulating pump 37 and the water spray pump 27 are stainless steel centrifugal pumps, and the first air fan 19 is a stainless steel centrifugal fan; the heater 40 and the cooler 50 are detachable plate heat exchangers made of 304 stainless steel, and the dilute absorbing solution pipe 16 and the concentrated absorbing solution pipe 36 are made of plain carbon steel.
The operation method of the evaporative cooling system of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 3, specifically includes the following steps:
s1, air dehumidification: in the air dehumidifying tower 10, the air entering through the first air inlet 15 and the concentrated absorbing solution sprayed by the concentrated absorbing solution spraying device 13 are in countercurrent contact in the first filler layer 12, and the concentrated absorbing solution absorbs the moisture in the air to form a dilute absorbing solution so as to obtain dry air; wherein the concentrated absorption solution adopts LiNO3As absorbent, LiNO3The mass concentration of the mixed solution is 58 percent, the temperature of the sprayed concentrated absorption solution is 30 ℃, and the flow rate is 700m3H; the dry bulb temperature of the outside air is 37 ℃, the dew point temperature is 27 ℃, and the flow rate is 400000m3(ii)/h, said air flow rate to concentrated absorbing solution flow rate ratio is about 570; the dry bulb temperature of the dry air is 30 ℃, and the dew point temperature is 15 ℃; the resulting dilute absorption solution had a concentration of 57.7% and a temperature of 39 ℃.
S2, an evaporative cooling process of process fluid: the dry air obtained in the air dehumidifying tower 10 enters the evaporative cooling device 20 through the dry air inlet 25, and is in counter-current contact with the water sprayed from the water spraying device 23 on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube bundle 22 to cool the process fluid in the heat transfer tube bundle 22, wherein the temperature of the sprayed water is 20 ℃, and the flow rate of the sprayed water is 100m3The process fluid is water vapor, the saturation temperature of the process fluid is 25 ℃, and the flow rate of the process fluid is 200000m3/h，The process fluid is condensed to water at a temperature of 25 c after being cooled by the evaporative cooling device 20. The flow ratio of the drying air to the shower water was about 3900 and the flow ratio of the drying air to the process fluid was about 2.
S3, the regeneration process of the absorption solution: the wet air enters the absorbent solution regeneration tower 30 through the second air inlet 35, and is brought into counter-current contact with the dilute absorbent solution sprayed by the dilute absorbent solution spraying device 33 in the second filler layer 32, so that the dilute absorbent solution loses part of moisture by the moisture absorption of the air to form a concentrated absorbent solution, thereby completing the regeneration of the absorbent solution, and returning the regenerated concentrated absorbent solution to the air dehumidification tower 10. Wherein the temperature of the wet air is 20 deg.C, the dew point temperature is 20 deg.C, the temperature of the dilute absorption solution heated by the heater 40 is 46 deg.C, the concentration of the regenerated concentrated absorption solution is 58%, the temperature is 37 deg.C, and the flow rate is 700m3H is used as the reference value. The flow ratio of the wet air flow to the dilute absorbing solution sprayed by the dilute absorbing solution spraying mechanism is about 570.
Example 2
This embodiment provides an evaporative cooling system, and referring to fig. 8, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the total height of the evaporative cooling device 20 is 4.4m, wherein the height of the third packing layer 42 is 1m, and is filled with polypropylene plastic pall rings; the second air blower 39 is a stainless steel axial flow blower.
The operation method of the evaporative cooling system of the present embodiment, referring to fig. 8, specifically includes the following steps:
s1, air dehumidification: in the air dehumidifying tower 10, the air entering through the first air inlet 15 and the concentrated absorbing solution sprayed by the concentrated absorbing solution spraying device 13 are in countercurrent contact in the first filler layer 12, and the concentrated absorbing solution absorbs the moisture in the air to form a dilute absorbing solution so as to obtain dry air; wherein the concentrated absorption solution adopts LiNO3As absorbent, LiNO3The mass concentration of the solution is 55 percent, the temperature of the concentrated absorption solution after heat exchange with the spray water by the cooler 50 is 25 ℃, and the flow rate is 700m3H; the dry bulb temperature of the outside air is 37 ℃ and the dew point temperatureThe temperature is 27 ℃ and the flow rate is 400000m3(ii)/h, said air flow rate to concentrated absorbing solution flow rate ratio is about 570; the dry bulb temperature of the dry air is 25 ℃, and the dew point temperature is 12 ℃; the concentration of the dilute absorption solution is 54.7 percent, and the temperature is 36 ℃;
s2, an evaporative cooling process of process fluid: the dry air obtained in the air dehumidifying tower 10 enters the evaporative cooling device 20 through the dry air inlet 25, and is in counter-current contact with the water sprayed from the water spraying device 23 on the outer wall of the heat transfer tube bundle 22 to cool the process fluid in the heat transfer tube bundle 22, and the flow rate of the sprayed water is 550m3At 20 deg.C/h, the temperature of the heat exchange between the concentrated absorbing solution and the cooler 50 is raised to 40 deg.C, the process fluid is liquid ethanol, and the flow rate is 900m3The temperature is 60 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 38 ℃ after heat exchange with the dilute absorption solution by the heater 40, and the temperature is 25 ℃ after cooling by the evaporative cooling device 20. The flow ratio of the drying air to the shower water is about 710; the drying air to process fluid flow ratio is 440.
S3, the regeneration process of the absorption solution: outside air enters the absorbent solution regeneration tower 30 through the second air inlet 35, and is in countercurrent contact with the dilute absorbent solution sprayed by the dilute absorbent solution spraying device 33 in the second filler layer 32, and the flow rate of the air is 400000m3And h, absorbing moisture by air, losing part of moisture of the dilute absorption solution to form a concentrated absorption solution, completing the regeneration of the absorption solution, and returning the regenerated concentrated absorption solution to the air dehumidification tower 10. The temperature of the dilute absorption solution after heat exchange with the process fluid by the heater 40 is 53 ℃; the ratio of the air flow to the flow of the dilute absorption solution is about 570; the regenerated concentrated absorption solution has a concentration of 55%, a temperature of 42 ℃ and a flow rate of 700m3/h。
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the process fluid can be cooled to 30 ℃ or even below 20 ℃ in summer in the south without adopting a compression type refrigeration system, so that the effects of energy conservation, emission reduction and cost reduction are achieved.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "vertical", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on methods or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In addition, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. An evaporative cooling system is characterized by comprising an air dehumidification tower, an evaporative cooling device and an absorption solution regeneration tower;
a first packing layer is arranged in the air dehumidifying tower, a concentrated absorption solution spraying device is arranged above the first packing layer, a dilute absorption solution collecting tank is arranged below the first packing layer, and a first air introducing port is arranged between the first packing layer and the dilute absorption solution collecting tank;
the evaporative cooling device comprises a water spraying device, a heat transfer pipe bundle, a process fluid introducing pipeline, a process fluid guiding pipeline, a water collecting tank, a dry air introducing port, a wet air guiding port and a spraying water circulating pipeline; the water spraying device is positioned above the heat transfer tube bundle, the water collecting tank is positioned below the heat transfer tube bundle, the water collecting tank is connected with the water spraying device through the spraying water circulation pipeline, and the heat transfer tube bundle is connected with the process fluid leading-in pipeline and the process fluid leading-out pipeline through the header;
the top of the air dehumidifying tower is provided with a dry air outlet; a dry air inlet is arranged between the heat transfer tube bundle and the water collecting tank; the dry air outlet is connected with the dry air inlet through a dry air pipeline;
the top of the absorption solution regeneration tower is provided with a high-temperature air outlet, a second packing layer is arranged inside the absorption solution regeneration tower, a dilute absorption solution spraying device is arranged above the second packing layer, a concentrated absorption solution collecting tank is arranged below the second packing layer, and a second air inlet is arranged between the second packing layer and the concentrated absorption solution collecting tank;
the dilute absorption solution collecting tank of the air dehumidifying tower is connected with the dilute absorption solution spraying device of the absorption solution regeneration tower through a dilute absorption solution pipeline, and the concentrated absorption solution collecting tank is connected with the concentrated absorption solution spraying device through a concentrated absorption solution pipeline;
the dilute absorption solution pipeline is also provided with a heater, and the hot side of the heater is connected with a heat medium inlet pipeline and a heat medium outlet pipeline of an external driving heat source.
2. The evaporative cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the moist air outlet of the evaporative cooling apparatus and the second air inlet of the absorbent solution regeneration tower are connected by a moist air duct.
3. An evaporative cooling system according to claim 1, wherein a cooler is provided, the hot side of the cooler being connected to the concentrated absorbing solution conduit and the cold side of the cooler being connected to a cooling water conduit for external cooling water.
4. The evaporative cooling system of claim 1, wherein the heat transfer tube bundles are divided into two or more groups, the process fluid introduction tubes are connected to the inlets of the uppermost heat transfer tube bundles through headers, and the process fluid discharge tubes are connected to the outlets of the lowermost heat transfer tube bundles through headers, thereby forming two or more flows of the process fluid.
5. The evaporative cooling system of claim 1, wherein the heat transfer tube bundle is a serpentine heat transfer coil bundle, an upper inlet of the serpentine heat transfer coil bundle is connected to the process fluid inlet conduit via an upper header, and a lower outlet of the serpentine heat transfer coil bundle is connected to the process fluid outlet conduit via a lower header, thereby forming two or more passes of the process fluid.
6. An evaporative cooling system as set forth in claim 3 wherein the spray water circulation conduit of the evaporative cooling device is connected to the water spray device via the cold side of the cooler.
7. An evaporative cooling system as set forth in claim 1 wherein the process fluid inlet conduit of the evaporative cooling apparatus is connected to the heat transfer tube bundle via the hot side of the heater.
8. An evaporative cooling system as set forth in claim 6 or claim 7 wherein a third layer of packing is provided between the water spray means of the evaporative cooling apparatus and the heat transfer tube bundle.
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| CN114857978A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Waste heat recoverer and method combining direct evaporation and indirect evaporation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114857978A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Waste heat recoverer and method combining direct evaporation and indirect evaporation |
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