CN216079808U - Waste incineration system capable of reducing pollutant emission - Google Patents
Waste incineration system capable of reducing pollutant emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN216079808U CN216079808U CN202121863122.5U CN202121863122U CN216079808U CN 216079808 U CN216079808 U CN 216079808U CN 202121863122 U CN202121863122 U CN 202121863122U CN 216079808 U CN216079808 U CN 216079808U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a garbage incineration system for reducing pollutant emission, which comprises a garbage incinerator, wherein a blower and an oxygen tank are respectively communicated with a mixed air channel through air channels, and the mixed air channel is communicated with a hearth in the garbage incinerator; air and oxygen are respectively conveyed into the mixed air channel through the air blower and the oxygen tank, the air and the oxygen are mixed and then are conveyed into the garbage incinerator for garbage incineration, the oxygen concentration value, the carbon monoxide concentration and the hearth temperature of the garbage incinerator are controlled through adjusting the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel, the aims of quickly adjusting the incinerator temperature, improving the combustion condition, reducing the carbon monoxide concentration of the garbage incinerator, reducing the generation of dioxin and other extremely toxic substances, improving the thermal efficiency of the garbage incinerator and the like are fulfilled, the environmental risk caused by garbage incineration is reduced, and the garbage incinerator has the advantages of high economy, more reliable control, less pollutant discharge amount and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the field of waste incineration, in particular to a waste incineration system capable of reducing pollutant discharge.
Background
The waste incineration treatment has obvious advantages in the aspects of reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization, and is widely applied to European Union and Japan. With the urbanization development of China, the land for landfill is increasingly reduced, and more municipal waste is treated by incineration.
The garbage contains organic matters and chlorine elements, and smoke generated by burning the garbage contains halogenated compound dioxin, which is an organic matter with very high toxicity and needs to be controlled in the process of burning the garbage. According to the generation mechanism and the physical and chemical properties of dioxin, the technical method for controlling the dioxin emission in the flue gas of a garbage incineration plant is mainly four according to the establishment and the explanation of the pollution control standard for domestic garbage incineration (GB18485-2014) in China: controlling the source, reducing the formation in the furnace, avoiding the resynthesis of a low-temperature region outside the furnace and purifying the flue gas.
For dioxin control technology of flue gas of waste incineration plants, a 3T + E process is adopted, namely the incineration Temperature (Temperature) is higher than 850 ℃, the retention Time (Time) is higher than 2.0 seconds, the combustion process is fully turbulent, and sufficient Excess air quantity (Excess air) is adopted, so that O in the flue gas is generated2The concentration of (2) is 6-11%, and dioxin generated in the garbage incinerator can be effectively reduced.
In the actual operation process of the garbage incinerator, because the garbage components are complex, the calorific value is extremely unstable, and the influence of seasons and weather is very large, the combustion control of the garbage incinerator is very difficult, especially the furnace temperature control and the oxygen concentration value control: if the input flow rate of the garbage incinerator is not changed, but the combustible content of the garbage is increased, the oxygen amount is relatively insufficient, the excess air coefficient is easily reduced, a large amount of incomplete combustion products exist in the incinerator, the concentration of carbon monoxide is increased, and a large amount of dioxin is easily generated and discharged; if too much air is supplied in order to maintain a sufficient combustion environment, not only the efficiency of the waste incineration furnace is reduced, but also the heat value of the waste is inherently low if too much air enters the furnace, which tends to cause the temperature of the furnace to be too low, resulting in insufficient waste, a large amount of incomplete combustion products in the furnace, an increased carbon monoxide concentration, and a large amount of dioxin generation and emission.
Because the garbage components are unstable, the oxygen concentration value of the hearth is simply controlled, and the requirement of reducing the generation control of dioxins in the furnace can not be met basically. In order to solve the problem, the temperature of a hearth is controlled by spraying oil into the waste incinerator at present: and if the heat value of the garbage is lower than the heat value and cannot meet the temperature requirement of the garbage incineration, fuel oil is sprayed into the furnace to increase the temperature of the hearth. However, this control method has drawbacks in terms of both economy and technology: (1) the fuel oil price is high, and the cost of waste incineration treatment is greatly increased; (2) if fuel oil can not be continuously and stably combusted due to the instability of garbage components, large fluctuation of a hearth and frequent switching of starting and stopping of an oil gun, a large amount of incomplete combustion products exist in a furnace, the concentration of carbon monoxide is increased, and a large amount of dioxin is still easily generated and discharged.
In summary, the conventional garbage incinerator has economic and technical defects in the aspect of generation control of dioxins, has a dioxin emission risk, and has adverse effects on the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a waste incineration system for reducing pollutant emission, which improves the oxygen content in a furnace by controlling the oxygen concentration value of a mixed air channel and solves the problems of a large amount of dioxin generation and emission caused by a large amount of incomplete combustion products generated by unstable control in waste incineration of a traditional waste incinerator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:
a garbage incineration system for reducing pollutant emission comprises a garbage incinerator, a blower and an oxygen tank; the blower and the oxygen tank are respectively communicated with a mixed air channel through an air channel, and the mixed air channel is communicated with a hearth in the garbage incinerator; air and oxygen are respectively conveyed into the mixed air channel through the air blower and the oxygen tank, the air and the oxygen are mixed and then are conveyed into the garbage incinerator for garbage incineration, the supply amount of the air and the supply amount of the oxygen are respectively conveyed into the mixed air channel through the air blower and the oxygen tank, the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is controlled, the combustion temperature of a hearth of the garbage incinerator is changed, and the combustion condition of garbage is improved.
Further, the blower is communicated with the mixing air duct through an air duct, and an air flow controller and an air flow meter are arranged on the air duct; the oxygen tank is communicated with the mixed air channel through the oxygen air channel, and the oxygen air channel is provided with an oxygen flow controller and an oxygen flow meter.
Further, the garbage incinerator is connected with a feeding machine, and garbage to be incinerated is conveyed into the garbage incinerator through the feeding machine; the garbage incinerator is also provided with a hearth temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide concentration analyzer and an oxygen concentration value analyzer.
And the main controller sends a control instruction to the air flow controller and the oxygen flow controller through a control strategy to control the work of the air flow controller and the oxygen flow controller.
Furthermore, the main controller is also respectively connected with the feeding machine, the hearth temperature sensor, the carbon monoxide concentration analyzer and the oxygen concentration value analyzer, acquires data collected by the hearth temperature sensor, the carbon monoxide concentration analyzer and the oxygen concentration value analyzer, and respectively sends control instructions to the feeding machine, the air flow controller and the oxygen flow controller through control strategies.
The utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the garbage incineration system for reducing pollutant emission, air and oxygen are respectively conveyed into the mixed air channel through the air blower and the oxygen tank, the air and the oxygen are mixed and then are conveyed into the garbage incinerator for garbage incineration, the temperature of the hearth can be effectively controlled by controlling the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel, the combustion condition of garbage is improved, and the problems that fuel oil is unstably combusted, a large number of incomplete combustion products exist in the incinerator, the concentration of carbon monoxide is increased, and a large amount of dioxin is still easily generated and discharged due to the fact that the temperature of the hearth is controlled by starting and stopping an oil gun in a traditional garbage incinerator are solved.
(2) The oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is controlled by conveying the air quantity and the oxygen quantity, the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel can be controlled between 21% and 100%, the oxygen concentration value of air supplied by a traditional garbage incinerator is only 21%, the oxygen concentration value range of the mixed air channel is relatively much larger, the oxygen concentration value of a hearth can be adjusted more flexibly, a lower air excess coefficient can be adopted compared with that of the traditional garbage incinerator, the problem of incomplete combustion of garbage caused by garbage combustible content fluctuation is not worried, the oxygen concentration value can be adjusted rapidly through the change of the oxygen supply quantity and the air quantity, and the efficiency of the garbage incinerator is effectively improved by reducing the air excess coefficient of the garbage incinerator.
(3) The oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is controlled between 21% and 100%, and compared with the oxygen concentration value of a traditional garbage incinerator, the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is much larger, so that the mixed air channel is more beneficial to incineration and burnout of garbage, generation and emission of dioxin and the like are more beneficial to reduction, and the risk of environmental pollution is reduced.
(4) The oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is controlled to reduce the air supply amount, so that the amount of inert gas nitrogen which is put into a hearth can be greatly reduced, the volume of flue gas generated by waste incineration can be greatly reduced, the volume can be maximally reduced to less than half of that of the traditional waste incinerator, the initial investment and the operation and maintenance cost of a flue gas treatment facility of the waste incinerator are greatly reduced, and the purification of the flue gas is facilitated; the smoke amount is reduced, and the total amount of pollutants entering the environment along with the smoke is reduced, so that the environmental risk caused by waste incineration is further reduced.
Further, according to a relational expression between the temperature in the garbage incinerator and the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel, acquiring a temperature value in the garbage incinerator through a hearth temperature sensor to calculate and obtain the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel, then changing the supply quantity of air and oxygen conveyed to the mixed air channel, changing the temperature of the hearth, and further enabling the oxygen concentration value range of the mixed air channel to be 21-100%. And the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is accurately calculated according to the temperature change in the furnace, so that the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel can be accurately controlled, and the garbage can be fully combusted.
Furthermore, according to the relational expression of the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel, the air flow value and the oxygen flow value, the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel can be accurately calculated and controlled, the air quantity and the oxygen quantity which are conveyed to the mixed air channel by the blower and the oxygen tank are controlled, the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel can be conveniently calculated according to the formula, the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel can be quickly adjusted according to the carbon monoxide content of the hearth and the temperature of the hearth, and the control is accurate and flexible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the temperature in the furnace of the garbage incinerator and the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air duct
Reference numerals:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the utility model thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the waste incineration system for reducing pollutant discharge of the present invention includes a waste incinerator 100, a blower 200, and an oxygen tank 300. The air blower 200 is communicated with the mixing air duct 110 through an air duct 120, and the air duct 120 is provided with an air flow controller 210 and an air flow meter 220; the oxygen tank 300 is simultaneously communicated with the mixing air duct 110 through an oxygen air duct 130, and the oxygen air duct 130 is provided with an oxygen flow controller 310 and an oxygen flow meter 320; the mixing air duct 110 is communicated with the hearth of the garbage incinerator 100.
Air and oxygen are respectively delivered into the mixed air duct 110 through the blower 200 and the oxygen tank 300, the air and the oxygen are mixed and then delivered into the garbage incinerator 100 for garbage incineration, and the air duct 120 and the oxygen duct 130 are respectively provided with a gas flow control device and a flow monitoring device, so that the supply amount of the air and the oxygen can be effectively controlled, and the accurate control is realized.
The garbage incinerator 100 is connected with a feeding machine 140, garbage to be incinerated is conveyed into the garbage incinerator 100 through the feeding machine 140, and the garbage supply amount can be accurately controlled by controlling the working of the feeding machine.
The garbage incinerator 100 is also provided with a hearth temperature sensor 150, a carbon monoxide concentration analyzer 160 and an oxygen concentration value analyzer 170; gather furnace temperature through furnace temperature sensor 150 in real time, avoid appearing furnace temperature and hang down excessively, guarantee rubbish fully combustion, avoid producing incomplete combustion product, detect interior carbon monoxide concentration of stove through carbon monoxide concentration analysis appearance 160, real-time adjustment furnace supplies oxygen volume and rubbish supply volume, avoid a large amount of carbon monoxide to produce, oxygen concentration value analysis appearance 170 real-time supervision stove oxygen concentration, mix the oxygen concentration value that wind channel 110 supplies the air to waste incinerator 100 through the adjustment, guarantee interior O of furnace2The concentration of the (C) is in the best range of 6-11% of the waste incineration, and the generation of dioxin in the furnace is reduced.
The waste incineration system is provided with a main controller, an air flow controller 210 arranged on an air duct 120 and an oxygen flow controller 310 arranged on an oxygen duct 130 are both connected with the main controller, data collected by the air flow controller 210 and the oxygen flow controller 310 are transmitted to the main controller in a wired or wireless communication mode, and the main controller sends control instructions to the air flow controller 210 and the oxygen flow controller 310 through a control strategy to control the work of the main controller.
The main controller is also connected with the feeding machine 140, the hearth temperature sensor 150, the carbon monoxide concentration analyzer 160 and the oxygen concentration value analyzer 170 respectively, acquires data collected by the hearth temperature sensor 150, the carbon monoxide concentration analyzer 160 and the oxygen concentration value analyzer 170, sends a control instruction to the feeding machine 140 through a control strategy, controls the feeding machine 140 to work, and automatically controls the garbage supply amount of the feeding machine to the garbage incinerator 100.
The utility model also provides a control method of the waste incineration system, which changes the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air duct of the waste incinerator through the coordinated action of the air flow controller and the oxygen flow controller, controls the oxygen concentration value to be in the range of 21-100%, quickly changes the combustion temperature of the hearth, improves the combustion condition of the waste, ensures that the measured value COT of the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hearth is lower than the set target value COaim of carbon monoxide, and reduces the generation and the emission of dioxin and other highly toxic substances.
The main controller obtains data acquired by the carbon monoxide concentration analyzer 160, namely the measured value COT of the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hearth, compares the COT with the set target value COaim of carbon monoxide, and sends a control instruction to the air flow controller 210 and the oxygen flow controller 310 according to the comparison result to control the work of the air flow controller and the oxygen flow controller, so that the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel of the garbage incinerator is changed, and the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is controlled to be in the range of 21% to 100% until the measured value COT of the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hearth is lower than the COaim.
Further, researches show that the relation between the temperature in the garbage incinerator and the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is shown in a formula (1), and the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is controlled according to the formula (1):
T＝A×NO2×NO2+B×NO2+C (1)
wherein N isO2Is prepared by mixingOxygen concentration value of air-combined channel, unit: percent;
t is the temperature value in the garbage incinerator;
A. b, C is a constant that is related to the design and operating characteristics of the incinerator.
The main controller controls the air flow controller 210 and the oxygen flow controller 310 to work by acquiring the temperature value T in the garbage incinerator acquired by the hearth temperature sensor 150 and controlling the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air duct to be 21-100 percent.
As shown in FIG. 2, N in FIG. 2 is a graph of the relationship between the temperature in the incinerator and the oxygen concentration of the mixed air duct obtained in the actual testO2The oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is shown, t is the temperature in the garbage incinerator, and the example shows that the relation between the temperature in the garbage incinerator and the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel meets the rule of the formula (1), the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is accurately controlled according to the formula (1), the garbage is ensured to be fully combusted, the generation of carbon monoxide in a hearth is reduced, and the generation and the emission of dioxin and other extremely toxic substances are reduced.
Furthermore, the relation between the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel and the air flow value and the oxygen flow value is shown as a formula (2), and the oxygen concentration value N of the mixed air channel is shown as the oxygen concentration value N of the mixed air channelO2Calculated by formula (2):
NO2＝(F220×0.21+F320×1)÷(F220+F320) (2)
wherein N isO2Is the mixed air channel oxygen concentration value, unit: percent;
f220 is the air flow value in the air duct;
f320 is the oxygen flow value in the oxygen air duct.
And sending control instructions to the air flow controller 210 and the oxygen flow controller 310 through the main controller to control the work of the air flow controller and the oxygen flow controller, and obtaining the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air duct according to the formula (2).
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a reduce waste incineration system that pollutant discharged which characterized in that: comprises a garbage incinerator (100), a blower (200) and an oxygen tank (300); the blower (200) and the oxygen tank (300) are respectively communicated with the mixed air duct (110) through air ducts, and the mixed air duct (110) is communicated with a hearth in the garbage incinerator (100); air and oxygen are respectively conveyed into the mixed air channel (110) through the blower (200) and the oxygen tank (300), the air and the oxygen are mixed and then are conveyed into the garbage incinerator (100) for garbage incineration, the supply amount of the air and the oxygen are respectively conveyed into the mixed air channel (110) through controlling the blower (200) and the oxygen tank (300), the oxygen concentration value of the mixed air channel is controlled, the combustion temperature of a hearth of the garbage incinerator (100) is changed, and the combustion condition of the garbage is improved.
2. A waste incineration system according to claim 1, characterised in that: the air blower (200) is communicated with the mixing air channel (110) through an air channel (120), and an air flow controller (210) and an air flow meter (220) are arranged on the air channel (120); the oxygen tank (300) is communicated with the mixed air duct (110) through an oxygen air duct (130), and an oxygen flow controller (310) and an oxygen flow meter (320) are arranged on the oxygen air duct (130).
3. A waste incineration system according to claim 2, characterised in that: the garbage incinerator (100) is connected with a feeding machine (140), and garbage to be incinerated is conveyed into the garbage incinerator (100) through the feeding machine (140); the garbage incinerator (100) is also provided with a hearth temperature sensor (150), a carbon monoxide concentration analyzer (160) and an oxygen concentration value analyzer (170).
4. A waste incineration system according to claim 3, characterised in that: the air flow controller (210) and the oxygen flow controller (310) are connected with the main controller, data collected by the air flow controller (210) and the oxygen flow controller (310) are transmitted to the main controller in a wired or wireless communication mode, and the main controller sends control instructions to the air flow controller (210) and the oxygen flow controller (310) through a control strategy to control the work of the air flow controller (210) and the oxygen flow controller (310).
5. A waste incineration system according to claim 4, characterised in that: the main controller is also respectively connected with the feeding machine (140), the hearth temperature sensor (150), the carbon monoxide concentration analyzer (160) and the oxygen concentration value analyzer (170), acquires data collected by the hearth temperature sensor (150), the carbon monoxide concentration analyzer (160) and the oxygen concentration value analyzer (170), and respectively sends control instructions to the feeding machine (140), the air flow controller (210) and the oxygen flow controller (310) through control strategies.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116839060A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-10-03 | 南京盛略科技有限公司 | Method and system for detecting combustion in furnace |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116839060A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-10-03 | 南京盛略科技有限公司 | Method and system for detecting combustion in furnace |
| CN116839060B (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-11-10 | 南京盛略科技有限公司 | Method and system for detecting combustion in furnace |
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