CN2158993Y - Numerical control solar boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a numerically controlled solar boiler, comprising a support frame, a reflecting mirror, a heat absorption boiler tube, the movement guide rail of the reflecting mirror and a tracking driving device. The utility model is characterized in that the movement guide rail of the reflecting mirror is a straight guide rail, a central control computer is arranged, various adaptation modules are added on a standard industrial control interface to form an electromechanically integrative measurement and control module. When the irradiation angle of sunlight changes, the relative positions of the reflecting mirror and the heat absorption boiler tube are moved in parallel, and reflected light can always shine on the surface of the heat absorption boiler tube in order to obtain the aim of tracking. The utility model has no balance problem and utilizes electromechanically integrative measurement and control mode to control the feedback of the straight tracking movement of the reflecting mirror and the working condition of heat absorption.

Description

Numerical control solar boiler

A kind of numerically controlled solar boiler, it is a kind of device for converting solar energy, can be used for various industry and civil solar harvester.

The universal utilization of solar energy is that one of important topic that solves is badly in need of in current society.Solar energy is a kind of clean, pollution-free and environment almost do not had a kind of good primary energy of influence, and has and the universal solar energy that utilizes of large tracts of land all is effectively to our survival environment and protection of resources.But in solar energy utilized, the most scabrous had following two problems.One of problem is that the energy-flux density energy that sunshine is with of unit are (in the unit interval by) of sunshine is not high, generally has only about 1 kilowatt every square metre.When directly utilizing transducer to absorb,, just must use large-area inverting element for obtaining bigger power output.If use as heat-absorbing medium transducings such as water, because the inverting element surface itself and the external world produce more thermal loss, so conversion efficiency are not high carrying out heat exchange (convection current and the width of cloth are penetrated) yet, and what obtain is more low-grade heat energy.Directly transform light energy is become electric energy if use as solar cell, then, need large-area solar cell, so the cost of unit of electrical energy output is higher for obtaining big power output.Two of problem is sun positions on high with different constantly variation the in a day.Be to improve the energy-flux density of sunshine, can use various aggregating apparatus (as speculum etc.) that sunshine is concentrated, improve energy-flux density.But because the sun variation of middle position on high must use a cover tracking means to make the output of aggregating apparatus remain at the surface of transducer, present tracking mode is used the rotation tracing more, makes it point to the sun all the time by making the speculum rotation.When though this tracking has guaranteed to make the sun to be in diverse location, sunlight reflected focuses on the endothermic tube all the time, but owing to adopt rotating mechanism, when speculum big (thereby the radius of curvature of speculum is also bigger), because of need rotate around the center of curvature, make its structure, volume all very big, the equilibrium problem during rotation also is difficult to resolve determines.

The purpose of this utility model is a kind of numerically controlled solar boiler of invention, and it uses the straight-line tracking form of speculum, carries out the FEEDBACK CONTROL of pursuit movement by numerical control device, can improve control accuracy and adapt to the nonlinear moving rate request of line tracking.

The utility model as shown in Figure 1, it has support 1, speculum 2, heat absorption boiler tube 3, mirror motion guide rail 4, follow the tracks of drive unit 5, support 1 supporting reflex mirror 2 makes its axis to be North and South direction and to make axis and the angle of horizontal plane equals to use the ground latitude value, it is characterized in that: mirror motion guide rail 4 is line slideway, the power set of following the tracks of drive unit 5 are rare-earth permanent-magnet electric machines, the controlled variable-frequency power sources 6 that the control drive motors is arranged, standard industrial control 7 is arranged near at hand, standard industrial control 7 by the standard serial communication interface with can link to each other with the shared central control computer 8 of miscellaneous equipment, be connected to circulating pump 9 at heat absorption boiler tube 3 ports, at the delivery port place temperature sensor 10 is housed also, light intensity sensor 11 is housed on support 1, on heat absorption boiler tube 3, tracking transducer 12 is housed, in industrial control interface 7, be inserted with respectively and temperature sensor 10, the measurement adaptation module 13 that light intensity sensor 11 links to each other with tracking transducer 12,14 and 15, also be inserted with respectively with controlled variable-frequency power sources 6 and circulating pump 9 links to each other and to its control adaptation module of controlling 16 and 17.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the utility model structural representation.

Accompanying drawing 2 is gone into the schematic diagram of penetrating of body angle and the reflective mirror light when referring between face certain angle be arranged for sunshine.L is the tracking side-play amount of speculum with respect to energy transducer.

Accompanying drawing 3 is for there being a kind of structural representation of a plurality of speculums and a plurality of heat absorption boiler tubes 3.

Accompanying drawing 4 is the focused light passages schematic diagrames of a plurality of speculums under the projection of wide-angle sunshine.

Operation principle of the present utility model is as follows:

Speculum 2 in the utility model is speculums that certain focussing force is arranged, it can be curved face type speculum as parabolic cylinder, the also multi-prismatic surface shape that can be made up of many planes, its each seamed edge is all on the parabolic cylinder of hypothesis, to fall the manufacturing cost of speculum.Because speculum of the present utility model is by the concave curvatures that focussing force is arranged or by polygon prismatic approximate concave curvatures, when sunshine incided speculum 2 with some angles, speculum 2 focused on a line on the focal plane with it.As shown in Figure 2, different position of sun (surface is different angle of incidence of sunlight), the picture that focuses on is not collinear on the focal plane of diverse location, when therefore following the tracks of, as long as the sunshine that parallel mobile mirror 2 with respect to the position of heat absorption boiler tube 3, just can keep collecting acts on the heat absorption boiler tube 3 all the time.

In the utility model, 8 pairs of whole devices of the central control computer that use can have are controlled, and it is controlled in two sub-sections, and a part is to follow the tracks of control, and another part is the control of heat absorption operating mode.They all use the form of timing scan.When following the tracks of control, central control computer 8 sends the address gating signal of the measurement adaptation module 15 that gating links to each other with tracking transducer 12 by the standard serial communication interface.After this signal was received by standard industrial control 7, the base area selected the value gating of signal to measure adaptation module 15.Behind the gating, measure adaptation module 15 light intensity value counter the delivering in the central control computer 8 after the A/D conversion at heat absorption boiler tube 3 places of measuring by tracking transducer 12.When central control computer 8 compares the tracking light intensity signal and the threshold value that obtain, when less than threshold value, illustrate that focusing on focus has departed from heat absorption boiler tube 3.Central control computer 8 sends that gating links to each other with controlled variable-frequency power sources 6 and to the address gating signal of its control adaptation module of controlling 16.When standard industrial control 7 receives after this ground selects signal gating control corresponding adaptation module 16.Behind the gating, central control computer 8 sends a tracking velocity changing value, and after being received and latched by adaptation module 16, the controlled variable-frequency power sources 6 output corresponding frequencies alternating currents of control drive the rare-earth permanent-magnet electric machine in the tracking means after the A/D conversion.By the conduction time and the energising frequency of control rare-earth permanent-magnet electric machine, can control rotational angle.After changing the tracking velocity of following the tracks of drive unit, central control computer 8 is measured adaptation module 15 not disconnectings by the standard industrial control gating once more and receive the value of sending back to after its A/D conversion.These values one by one with threshold ratio, after surpassing threshold value, central control computer 8 sends the gating words once more by the standard serial communication interface and joins the ground of module 16 and select signal.Behind the standard industrial control gating, central control computer 8 sends basic tracking velocity institute's respective frequencies value digital quantity or stops (zero frequency) value, receives and latchs the back controlled variable-frequency power sources 6 of control by control adaptation module 16 and do respective change.By the continuous circulation of said process, just finished the FEEDBACK CONTROL of following the tracks of.Central control computer 8 also uses time-sharing method that the heat absorption operating mode is controlled when tracking is controlled.Central control computer 8 regularly sends the address gating signal of the measurement adaptation module 13 that gating links to each other with temperature sensor 10.Standard industrial control 7 selects the signal value gating to measure adaptation module 13 accordingly according to the ground that receives.Behind the gating, measure adaptation module 13 the circulating water temperature value of the endothermic tube heating that is recorded by temperature sensor 10 is sent back in the central control computer 8 after the A/D conversion.Circulating water temperature is the same with measuring, and when measuring sunlight intensity, central control computer 8 regularly sends the address gating signal of the measurement adaptation module 14 that gating links to each other with light intensity sensor 11.Receive backgating by standard industrial control 7 and measure adaptation module 14 accordingly.Behind the gating, measure adaptation module 14 value at sunshine at that time that is recorded by light intensity sensor 11 is sent back to central control computer 8 after the A/D conversion.Central control computer 8 is going in the recirculated water leaving water temperature that records and intensity of illumination and the input requirements substitution control model, to determine the circulation rate of its recirculated water.In the time will changing circulation rate, central control computer 8 sends that gating links to each other with circulating pump 9 and to the address gating signal of its control adaptation module of controlling 17.This address signal receives backgating control corresponding adaptation module 17 by standard industrial control 7.Behind the gating, central control computer 8 sends new recycle ratio, and after control adaptation module 17 latched also D/A conversion, control drove circulating pump 9 and changes operating modes.

When the utility model utilization causes that when the sunshine change in location sunlit angle changes, the characteristic that the focal line of focusing mirror moves in focal plane, adopt the relative position of parallel mobile mirror and heat absorption boiler tube, the surface that makes the sunshine of reflection shine the heat absorption boiler tube all the time reaches the purpose of tracking.Use the parallel mobile tracking form that rotatablely moves in the past of having replaced, can reduce the structural volume of tracking means greatly, also do not have equilibrium problem.The utility model uses central control computer, standard industrial control adds the observing and controlling pattern of this electromechanical integration of various adaptation module, finish the control of the FEEDBACK CONTROL and the heat absorption operating mode of speculum line tracking motion, can improve control accuracy and adapt to the nonlinear moving speed of line tracking.Simultaneously can make heat absorption of the present utility model be in the optimum condition value, improve heat absorption efficiency.

The utility model can adopt a plurality of speculums 2 and heat absorption boiler tube 3 shared same mirror motion guide rails 4 and follow the tracks of drive unit 5, as shown in Figure 3.The geomery of its speculum 2 all is the same, and parallel to each other, so their pursuit movement is consistent, can be with a cover mirror motion guide rail 4 and a tracking drive unit 5.The method that adopts a plurality of speculums 2 and heat absorption boiler tube 3 shared cover mirror motion guide rails 4 and follow the tracks of drive unit 5.Can use the less arrangement of mirrors of a plurality of sizes to obtain bigger solar energy collecting area.This not only can reduce the manufacturing difficulty of speculum, and the gauge that can reduce this device and the speculum gross area that reduces when the identical effective sunlight collection area.The more important thing is, when adopting the smaller a plurality of speculum of relative scalar, can reduce the tracking displacement when sun mobile phase co-located.This has not only reduced speculum moving guide rail 4 sizes and structure, has reduced the driving power of following the tracks of drive unit 5, also makes to follow the tracks of to be easy to control.

The utility model when adopting a plurality of speculums 2 and heat absorption boiler tube 3 this forms, its number be 3,4, tens so that tens shared cover speculum moving guide rails and follow the tracks of drive unit.Its number is more good, but should gather the sunshine area as requested determines, at area hour, because the size of heat absorption boiler tube 3 is not easy to do too for a short time relatively, thereby number can make heat absorption boiler tube 3 total area excessive when too much, reduced actual light gathering efficiency, the effect that improves energy-flux density reduces, and has also increased cost.

The utility model is when adopting a plurality of speculums 2 and heat absorption boiler tube 3 this forms, total distance of its pursuit movement can only equal its speculum 2 width (also being the spacing of two heat absorption boiler tubes 3), when position of sun relatively tilts, speculum 2 gathers the sunshine that reflects to be sent on the adjacent heat absorption boiler tube 3, as shown in Figure 4.

In this form that the utility model is made up of a plurality of speculums 2 and heat absorption boiler tube 3, can be only with the mode of a circulating pump 9, at this moment temperature sensor 10 is loaded on mouthful place that gathers of the boiler tube 3 that respectively absorbs heat.A plurality of circulating pumps 9 also can be housed, and the recirculated water that they drive respectively in separately the heat absorption boiler tube 3 circulates, at this moment at each heat absorption boiler tube 3(or by one group of heat absorption boiler tube 3 that is driven by same circulating pump 9) temperature sensor 10 all is housed.For each circulating pump 9 and each temperature sensor 10, in standard industrial control 7, all be inserted with control corresponding respectively or measure adaptation module.Central control computer 8 is controlled respectively when control.

Can also adopt a plurality of the utility model parallel connections based on the utility model, their a shared central control computer and control corresponding software.

Temperature sensor 10 in the utility model can use the ordinary semiconductor temperature sensor, thermistor or thermocouple, and its smart height that requires, measured value range is at 0～200 ℃.It is the supply-water pump of CN92209206 or being that the boiler feed pump of CN92209705 also can adopt as number of patent application as the patent No. is the controlled operation conditions industrial pump group of CN90101726.4 that circulating pump 9 in the utility model can adopt as the patent No..

Speculum guide rail 4 in the utility model can be a rail plate, as the guide rail on the machine tool, can be triangle, trapezoidal or swallow-tail form.Also can be rolling guide, at speculum 2 back sides and guide pass corresponding position scroll wheel is housed, to reduce resistance.Tracking drive unit 5 in the utility model can be by can controlling motor, and decelerator and actuating unit are formed, and actuating unit can be that nut-screw is paid, and also can be that rack-and-pinion is paid.When controllable motor rotated, after the decelerator deceleration, actuating unit became the line tracking motion to it.It is the patent of CN91218541 and CN91209770 that its concrete structure can adopt as the patent No..When the utility model is large-scale plant, follow the tracks of drive unit 5 and also can adopt hydraulic-driven, overlap hydraulic power source and control device and hydraulic cylinder by one and form, so bigger driving moment can be arranged.

In the utility model, standard industrial control 7 can be selected the I/O 32 of U.S. ME company (MECHATRONICEQUIPMENT INC.) for use, or the PB16AH of U.S. OPTO 22 companies.Central control computer 8 can be selected the LC4 controller of U.S. OPTO 22 companies for use, also can select the PCS-1 industrial process control work station of U.S. ME company for use, can also select common PC computer for use.Adaptation module 13,14 and 15 can adopt the AD3 or the similar A/D modular converter of OPTO 22 companies.Adaptation module 16 and 17 can be selected the DF3 or the similar D/F modular converter of OPTO 22 companies for use.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of numerically controlled solar boiler, it has support (1), speculum (2), heat absorption boiler tube (3), mirror motion guide rail (4), follow the tracks of drive unit (5), support (1) supporting reflex mirror (2) makes its axis to be North and South direction and to make axis and the angle of level equals to use the ground latitude value, it is characterized in that: mirror motion guide rail (4) is a line slideway, the power set of following the tracks of drive unit (5) are rare-earth permanent-magnet electric machines, the controlled variable-frequency power sources (6) that the control drive motors is arranged, standard industrial control (7) is arranged near at hand, standard industrial control (7) links to each other with central control computer (8) that can be shared with miscellaneous equipment by the standard serial communication interface, be connected to circulating pump (9) at heat absorption boiler tube (3) port, temperature sensor (10) also is housed at the delivery port place, light intensity sensor (11) is housed on support (1), on heat absorption boiler tube (3), tracking transducer (12) is housed, in industrial control interface (7), be inserted with respectively and temperature sensor (10), the measurement adaptation module (13) that light intensity sensor (11) links to each other with tracking transducer (12), (14) and (15), also be inserted with and link to each other with controlled variable-frequency power sources (6) and circulating pump (9) respectively and its control adaptation module (16) and (17 of controlling).

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