CN215844822U - Multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries - Google Patents
Multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries Download PDFInfo
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- CN215844822U CN215844822U CN202121338399.6U CN202121338399U CN215844822U CN 215844822 U CN215844822 U CN 215844822U CN 202121338399 U CN202121338399 U CN 202121338399U CN 215844822 U CN215844822 U CN 215844822U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries, which comprises a crushing system, a sorting system and a waste gas treatment system; the waste gas treatment system comprises a dust removal device, a cooler, a washing tower and an active carbon adsorption device; the waste gas treatment system is respectively connected with the crushing system and the sorting system, and the crushing system is connected with the sorting system; the technical scheme of the utility model has the following beneficial effects: (1) the occupied area is small; (2) the recovery rate of the electrode powder is more than 98 percent; (3) the recovery rate of copper and aluminum is more than 98 percent; (4) the plastic is recycled; (5) VOC in exhaust gas<50mg/m3(ii) a (6) No dioxin is generated; (7) no wastewater is generated; (8) the purity of the electrolytic powder is high.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of waste lithium battery recovery, and particularly relates to a multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries.
Background
The waste lithium batteries contain metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, lithium, iron, aluminum and the like and organic matters, and the ternary batteries contain 1.9% of lithium, 9% of nickel, 3% of cobalt, 4% of manganese, 13.3% of copper, 12.7% of aluminum and the like on average. The waste lithium batteries can cause huge threat and pollution to the environment if not recycled, and simultaneously are also a waste to resources.
At present, the recovery technology of waste lithium batteries mainly comprises two types: (1) a pyrogenic recovery process; (2) and (5) wet recovery process.
Foreign companies mainly adopt a pyrogenic recovery process, and waste lithium ion batteries are treated by a reduction roasting mode. And recovering the waste lithium ion battery by a special smelting furnace by adopting a high-temperature metallurgy method. The battery and the package are put into a smelting furnace for roasting, and pretreatment is not needed before roasting. Meanwhile, energy released by combustion of the graphite and the organic solvent can be utilized to obtain a mixture of metals such as cobalt, nickel and the like, so that the recycling of the metals is realized. The disadvantages of the pyrogenic process are: the energy consumption is large, other components in the electrolyte solution and the electrode can be converted into harmful components such as hydrofluoric acid or phosphorus pentoxide after being combusted, a large amount of waste gas is generated, the cost of tail gas treatment is increased, and simultaneously, the air pollution is easily caused.
The domestic company mainly adopts a wet recovery process, which is to disassemble and pretreat the waste batteries, dissolve the waste batteries in an acid-base solution, extract part of valuable metal elements, and extract the rest valuable metals by means of an ion exchange method, electrodeposition and the like. The disadvantages are as follows: low reaction speed, small throughput, complex process, high cost and low value of recovered products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries, which aims to realize the following purposes:
(1) the electrode powder in the waste lithium battery is recovered, and the recovery rate of the electrode powder is improved;
(2) no discharge treatment is required;
(3) recovering copper, aluminum and plastics in the waste lithium batteries;
(4) and mechanically stripping the electrode powder and the binder.
(5) The recovery rate of copper and aluminum is improved.
(6) The generation of waste water is avoided.
(7) Reduce the impurities in the electrode powder and improve the purity of the electrode powder.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows:
a waste lithium battery multistage sorting system comprises: a crushing system, a sorting system and a waste gas treatment system;
the exhaust gas treatment system includes: the device comprises a dust removal device, a cooler, a washing tower and an active carbon adsorption device;
the waste gas treatment system is respectively connected with the crushing system and the sorting system, and the crushing system is connected with the sorting system;
enabling modules or battery cores of the waste lithium batteries to enter a crushing system through a belt conveyor;
the crushing system comprises: the device comprises a coarse crusher, a fine crusher, a buffer tank and a quantitative feeder;
the coarse crusher is connected with the fine crusher through a screw conveyor, and is used for crushing the module, feeding the crushed material into the fine crusher, and simultaneously feeding the waste gas volatilized by the electrolyte into the condenser; the fine crusher is used for crushing materials sent by the battery cell and the coarse crusher, sending the crushed materials into the buffer box, sending waste gas volatilized by the electrolyte into the condenser, and the bottom of the buffer box is provided with the constant feeder;
the sorting system includes: the device comprises a primary screening device, a filtering device, a grinding device, a secondary screening device, an air separation device I, an air separation device II, an air separation device III, a primary magnetic separation device, a secondary magnetic separation device and an eddy current separation device;
the primary screening device is connected with the filtering device, the filtering device is respectively connected with a primary magnetic separation device and a grinding device, the grinding device is connected with a secondary screening device, the primary magnetic separation device is connected with a secondary magnetic separation device, the secondary magnetic separation device is connected with an eddy current separation device, the secondary screening device is respectively connected with an air separation device I and an air separation device II, and the air separation device II is connected with an air separation device III;
the buffer tank sends the crushed materials into a primary screening device through a screw conveyor, the primary screening device is used for separating electrode powder from the crushed materials, the rest materials enter a filtering device, the filtering device is used for separating the rest materials into light components and heavy components, the heavy components enter a primary magnetic separation device, the primary magnetic separation device is used for separating iron from the heavy components, the rest components enter a secondary magnetic separation device, the secondary magnetic separation device is used for separating iron from the rest components, the components processed by the secondary magnetic separation device enter a vortex current separation device, and the vortex current separation device is used for separating copper and aluminum from the components;
the light component enters a grinding device, the grinding device is used for stripping electrode powder from a copper foil or an aluminum foil in a mechanical mode to obtain a mixture of the electrode powder, the copper foil, the aluminum foil and plastic, the mixture enters a secondary screening device, the secondary screening device is used for separating the electrode powder in the mixture, the rest mixture enters an air separation device I and an air separation device II, the air separation device I is used for separating copper and aluminum, the air separation device II is used for separating plastic, the material after being processed by the air separation device II enters an air separation device III, and the air separation device III is used for separating copper and aluminum.
On the basis of the scheme, a rainproof cover is arranged above the belt conveyor, and the belt conveyor is provided with a stay wire protection device.
On the basis of the scheme, the coarse crusher and the fine crusher work under the protection of nitrogen.
On the basis of the scheme, the particle size of the material crushed by the fine crusher is less than 20 mm.
On the basis of above-mentioned scheme, the condenser is connected with the scrubbing tower, the scrubbing tower is connected with active carbon adsorption device, the condenser is arranged in condensing the waste gas that can congeal in the waste gas, can congeal and form electrolyte behind the waste gas condensation, other waste gas that does not congeal gets into in the scrubbing tower, the scrubbing tower is arranged in absorbing the HF gas in the waste gas that will not congeal, active carbon adsorption device is arranged in carrying out adsorption treatment to the waste gas that does not congeal after the scrubbing tower is handled, makes the VOC in the waste gas after handling<50mg/m3。
On the basis of the above scheme, the dust removing device comprises: fan, sack dust collector and chimney, fan and sack dust collector pass through the pipe connection, and sack dust collector passes through the pipe connection with the chimney, and sack dust collector is arranged in getting rid of the dust that produces in broken system and the sorting system, and sack dust collector has the grease proofing effect of refusing water, avoids moisture and oil to divide and blocks up the sack.
A multistage sorting method for waste lithium batteries applies the multistage sorting system and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, sending a module or a battery cell of a waste lithium battery into a crushing system;
step two, the module uses a coarse crusher in a crushing system to crush, waste gas generated in the crushing process enters a condenser, crushed materials enter a fine crusher, the battery core and the crushed materials are crushed by using the fine crusher in the crushing system, the waste gas generated in the crushing process enters the condenser, and the materials crushed by the fine crusher enter a primary screening device;
step three, after the waste gas is treated by the condenser, condensable waste gas in the waste gas is condensed to form electrolyte, other uncondensed waste gas enters the washing tower to be treated by the washing tower, HF gas in the uncondensed waste gas is absorbed by the washing tower and then enters the activated carbon adsorption device to be adsorbed, so that the treated waste gas contains HF gasVOC<50mg/m3；
Step four, after the crushed materials are treated by a primary screening device, separating electrode powder, treating the rest materials by a filtering device, treating the rest materials by the filtering device, separating light components and heavy components, treating the heavy components by a primary magnetic separation device, separating iron by the primary magnetic separation device, treating the rest components by a secondary magnetic separation device, separating iron, treating the iron by a vortex current separation device, and finally separating copper and aluminum conductive substances;
step five, the light components enter a grinding device, a mixture of electrode powder, copper foil, aluminum foil and plastic is obtained after the light components are treated by the grinding device, the mixture enters a secondary screening device for treatment, the electrode powder is separated after the mixture is treated by the secondary screening device, the rest mixture enters an air separation device I and an air separation device II, copper and aluminum are separated after the rest mixture is treated by the air separation device I, the plastic is separated after the rest mixture is treated by the air separation device II, then the plastic is treated by the air separation device III, and finally the copper and the aluminum are separated;
and step six, processing the generated dust by adopting a dust removal device in the crushing process and the sorting process.
The technical scheme of the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the occupied area is small;
(2) the recovery rate of the electrode powder is more than 98 percent;
(3) the recovery rate of copper and aluminum is more than 98 percent;
(4) the plastic is recycled;
(5) VOC in exhaust gas<50mg/m3；
(6) No dioxin is generated;
(7) no wastewater is generated;
(8) the purity of the electrode powder is high.
Drawings
The utility model has the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to FIGS. 1-2.
A waste lithium battery multistage sorting system comprises: a crushing system, a sorting system and a waste gas treatment system;
the exhaust gas treatment system includes: the device comprises a dust removal device, a cooler, a washing tower and an active carbon adsorption device;
the waste gas treatment system is respectively connected with the crushing system and the sorting system, and the crushing system is connected with the sorting system;
enabling modules or battery cores of the waste lithium batteries to enter a crushing system through a belt conveyor;
the crushing system comprises: the device comprises a coarse crusher, a fine crusher, a buffer tank and a quantitative feeder;
the coarse crusher is connected with the fine crusher through a screw conveyor, and is used for crushing the module, feeding the crushed material into the fine crusher, and simultaneously feeding the waste gas volatilized by the electrolyte into the condenser; the fine crusher is used for crushing materials sent by the battery cell and the coarse crusher, sending the crushed materials into the buffer box, sending waste gas volatilized by the electrolyte into the condenser, and the bottom of the buffer box is provided with the constant feeder;
the sorting system includes: the device comprises a primary screening device, a filtering device, a grinding device, a secondary screening device, an air separation device I, an air separation device II, an air separation device III, a primary magnetic separation device, a secondary magnetic separation device and an eddy current separation device;
the primary screening device is connected with the filtering device, the filtering device is respectively connected with a primary magnetic separation device and a grinding device, the grinding device is connected with a secondary screening device, the primary magnetic separation device is connected with a secondary magnetic separation device, the secondary magnetic separation device is connected with an eddy current separation device, the secondary screening device is respectively connected with an air separation device I and an air separation device II, and the air separation device II is connected with an air separation device III;
the buffer tank sends the crushed materials into a primary screening device through a screw conveyor, the primary screening device is used for separating electrode powder from the crushed materials, the rest materials enter a filtering device, the filtering device is used for separating the rest materials into light components and heavy components, the heavy components enter a primary magnetic separation device, the primary magnetic separation device is used for separating iron from the heavy components, the rest components enter a secondary magnetic separation device, the secondary magnetic separation device is used for separating iron from the rest components, the components processed by the secondary magnetic separation device enter a vortex current separation device, and the vortex current separation device is used for separating copper and aluminum from the components;
the light component enters a grinding device, the grinding device is used for stripping electrode powder from a copper foil or an aluminum foil in a mechanical mode to obtain a mixture of the electrode powder, the copper foil, the aluminum foil and plastic, the mixture enters a secondary screening device, the secondary screening device is used for separating the electrode powder in the mixture, the rest mixture enters an air separation device I and an air separation device II, the air separation device I is used for separating copper and aluminum, the air separation device II is used for separating plastic, the material after being processed by the air separation device II enters an air separation device III, and the air separation device III is used for separating copper and aluminum.
On the basis of the scheme, a rainproof cover is arranged above the belt conveyor, and the belt conveyor is provided with a stay wire protection device.
On the basis of the scheme, the coarse crusher and the fine crusher work under the protection of nitrogen.
On the basis of the scheme, the particle size of the material crushed by the fine crusher is less than 20 mm.
On the basis of above-mentioned scheme, the condenser is connected with the scrubbing tower, the scrubbing tower is connected with active carbon adsorption device, the condenser is arranged in condensing the waste gas that can congeal in the waste gas, can congeal and form electrolyte behind the waste gas condensation, other waste gas that does not congeal gets into in the scrubbing tower, the scrubbing tower is arranged in absorbing the HF gas in the waste gas that will not congeal, active carbon adsorption device is arranged in carrying out adsorption treatment to the waste gas that does not congeal after the scrubbing tower is handled, makes the VOC in the waste gas after handling<50mg/m3。
On the basis of the above scheme, the dust removing device comprises: fan, sack dust collector and chimney, fan and sack dust collector pass through the pipe connection, and sack dust collector passes through the pipe connection with the chimney, and sack dust collector is arranged in getting rid of the dust that produces in broken system and the sorting system, and sack dust collector has the grease proofing effect of refusing water, avoids moisture and oil to divide and blocks up the sack.
A multistage sorting method for waste lithium batteries applies the multistage sorting system and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, sending a module or a battery cell of a waste lithium battery into a crushing system;
step two, the module uses a coarse crusher in a crushing system to crush, waste gas generated in the crushing process enters a condenser, crushed materials enter a fine crusher, the battery core and the crushed materials are crushed by using the fine crusher in the crushing system, the waste gas generated in the crushing process enters the condenser, and the materials crushed by the fine crusher enter a primary screening device;
step three, after the waste gas is treated by the condenser, condensable waste gas in the waste gas is condensed to form electrolyte, other uncondensed waste gas enters the washing tower to be treated by the washing tower, HF gas in the uncondensed waste gas is absorbed by the washing tower and then enters the activated carbon adsorption device to be adsorbed, so that VOC in the treated waste gas<50mg/m3；
Step four, after the crushed materials are treated by a primary screening device, separating electrode powder, treating the rest materials by a filtering device, treating the rest materials by the filtering device, separating light components and heavy components, treating the heavy components by a primary magnetic separation device, separating iron by the primary magnetic separation device, treating the rest components by a secondary magnetic separation device, separating iron, treating the iron by a vortex current separation device, and finally separating copper and aluminum conductive substances;
step five, the light components enter a grinding device, a mixture of electrode powder, copper foil, aluminum foil and plastic is obtained after the light components are treated by the grinding device, the mixture enters a secondary screening device for treatment, the electrode powder is separated after the mixture is treated by the secondary screening device, the rest mixture enters an air separation device I and an air separation device II, copper and aluminum are separated after the rest mixture is treated by the air separation device I, the plastic is separated after the rest mixture is treated by the air separation device II, then the plastic is treated by the air separation device III, and finally the copper and the aluminum are separated;
and step six, processing the generated dust by adopting a dust removal device in the crushing process and the sorting process.
The key points and points to be protected of the technology of the utility model are:
(1) a process flow system;
(2) the grain size of the fine crushed material is less than 20 mm;
(3) method for mechanically separating adhesive.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a multistage sorting system of old and useless lithium cell which characterized in that includes: a crushing system, a sorting system and a waste gas treatment system;
the exhaust gas treatment system includes: the device comprises a dust removal device, a cooler, a washing tower and an active carbon adsorption device;
the waste gas treatment system is respectively connected with the crushing system and the sorting system, and the crushing system is connected with the sorting system;
enabling modules or battery cores of the waste lithium batteries to enter a crushing system through a belt conveyor;
the crushing system comprises: the device comprises a coarse crusher, a fine crusher, a buffer tank and a quantitative feeder;
the coarse crusher is connected with the fine crusher through a screw conveyor, and is used for crushing the module, feeding the crushed material into the fine crusher, and simultaneously feeding the waste gas volatilized by the electrolyte into the condenser; the fine crusher is used for crushing materials sent by the battery cell and the coarse crusher, sending the crushed materials into the buffer box, sending waste gas volatilized by the electrolyte into the condenser, and the bottom of the buffer box is provided with the constant feeder;
the sorting system includes: the device comprises a primary screening device, a filtering device, a grinding device, a secondary screening device, an air separation device I, an air separation device II, an air separation device III, a primary magnetic separation device, a secondary magnetic separation device and an eddy current separation device;
the primary screening device is connected with the filtering device, the filtering device is connected with the primary magnetic separation equipment and the grinding device respectively, the grinding device is connected with the secondary screening device, the primary magnetic separation equipment is connected with the secondary magnetic separation equipment, the secondary magnetic separation equipment is connected with the eddy current separation equipment, the secondary screening device is connected with the air separation device I and the air separation device II respectively, and the air separation device II is connected with the air separation device III.
2. The multistage sorting system for the waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein a rain cover is arranged above the belt conveyor, and the belt conveyor is provided with a stay wire protection device.
3. The multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the coarse crusher and the fine crusher operate under the protection of nitrogen gas.
4. The multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the crushed material of the fine crusher is less than 20 mm.
5. The multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the condenser is connected to a washing tower, the washing tower is connected to an activated carbon adsorption device, the condenser is used for condensing condensable waste gas in the waste gas to form electrolyte, other non-condensable waste gas enters the washing tower, the washing tower is used for absorbing HF gas in the non-condensable waste gas, and the activated carbon adsorption device is used for performing adsorption treatment on the non-condensable waste gas treated by the washing tower to enable VOC in the treated waste gas to be VOC<50mg/m3。
6. The multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the dust removing device comprises: fan, sack dust collector and chimney, fan and sack dust collector pass through the pipe connection, and sack dust collector passes through the pipe connection with the chimney, and sack dust collector is arranged in getting rid of the dust that produces in broken system and the sorting system, and sack dust collector has the grease proofing effect of refusing water, avoids moisture and oil to divide and blocks up the sack.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121338399.6U CN215844822U (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-06-16 | Multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121338399.6U CN215844822U (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-06-16 | Multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN215844822U true CN215844822U (en) | 2022-02-18 |
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| CN202121338399.6U Active CN215844822U (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2021-06-16 | Multistage sorting system for waste lithium batteries |
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- 2021-06-16 CN CN202121338399.6U patent/CN215844822U/en active Active
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