CN215292369U - Automatic mud scraping device for long-spiral drilling - Google Patents
Automatic mud scraping device for long-spiral drilling Download PDFInfo
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- CN215292369U CN215292369U CN202120552000.8U CN202120552000U CN215292369U CN 215292369 U CN215292369 U CN 215292369U CN 202120552000 U CN202120552000 U CN 202120552000U CN 215292369 U CN215292369 U CN 215292369U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of long screw drilling, and discloses a long screw drilling slime automatic scraping device which is arranged outside a drill rod of a drilling machine and comprises a cross rod, wherein the cross rod is connected with an intermediate bearing, the periphery of the intermediate bearing is connected with a plurality of mud scraping shovels which are arranged at intervals along the periphery of the intermediate bearing; the periphery of the drill rod is provided with helical blades, the helical blades are spirally arranged along the axial direction of the drill rod, the helical blades surround the periphery of the drill rod to form a soil discharge rotary channel, and at least one mud scraper is arranged in the soil discharge rotary channel; when the drill rod appears sticking with paste when boring at the in-process of creeping into, through lifting the drill rod, at this moment, arrange the mud shovel of scraping in the mud removal rotary channel then and remove along the mud removal rotary channel, and then strike off the clay in the mud removal passageway, and under helical blade's drive, the intermediate bearing rotates thereupon to a plurality of mud shovels of scraping are arranged the mud operation in the mud removal rotary channel in turn, do not need to arrange the personnel specially at the job site and scrape the mud operation, practice thrift construction cost, improve the efficiency of construction.
Description
Technical Field
The patent of the utility model relates to a long spiral creeps into the technical field, particularly, relates to long spiral creeps into automatic scraping device of clay.
Background
When the long spiral drilling hole is drilled in a pouring mode, the long spiral drilling machine is arranged, the drill rod and the drill bit are driven to rotate through the power element, the spiral blade on the drill rod rotates along with the drill rod, the soil layer is cut downwards, and the cut soil layer automatically discharges out of the hole along the spiral blade along with the rotary drilling of the drill bit.
In actual construction, when thick silty slime and mucky soil are encountered during drilling, a drill bit and a part of drill rods are easy to stick to the drill, namely, the slime is stuck on the drill rods and the spiral blades and is not easy to be thrown and discharged to the ground, so that the phenomenon of sticking out of the drill is caused, and the speed of long-spiral drilling is influenced.
When the drill rod is stuck during the long spiral drilling process, the general treatment method is as follows: lifting the drill rod and the drill bit out of the drill hole, idling the drill rod, throwing the slime attached to the drill rod away, and drilling the drill rod into the drill hole; if the drilling is stuck continuously, special personnel are required to be arranged at the hole opening of the drilled hole to clean the stuck mud in time by adopting a tool so as to normally drill, thus, the construction cost is increased, the drill rod needs to be stopped, and the construction efficiency of the long-spiral drilling is reduced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a long spiral creeps into automatic scraping device of clay, aims at solving prior art, and long spiral creeps into there is the problem that the efficiency of construction is low.
The utility model is realized in such a way that the automatic scraping device for the slime of the long spiral drilling is arranged outside the drill rod of the drilling machine, and comprises a base fixed on the drilling machine, wherein the base is provided with a longitudinal rod arranged in parallel with the drill rod, the longitudinal rod is connected with a transverse rod and a transverse rod, the transverse rod is connected with an intermediate bearing, the periphery of the intermediate bearing is connected with a plurality of mud scraping shovels, and the mud scraping shovels are arranged at intervals along the periphery of the intermediate bearing; the periphery of the drill rod is provided with helical blades, the helical blades are spirally arranged along the axial direction of the drill rod, the helical blades surround the periphery of the drill rod to form a soil discharge rotary channel, and at least one mud scraper is arranged in the soil discharge rotary channel; when the drill rod is lifted up, the mud scraping shovels are alternately arranged in the soil discharge rotary passage to scrape the slime in the soil discharge rotary passage.
Furthermore, the center position of middle bearing is equipped with the perforation, it has the elastic layer to paste on the fenestrate lateral wall, the horizontal pole passes the perforation, and the butt elastic layer.
Furthermore, the periphery of the bottom of the base extends outwards to form a connecting sheet which is transversely arranged, a shock pad is arranged at the bottom of the connecting sheet, a bolt penetrates through the connecting sheet, and the base is fixed on the drilling machine through the bolt.
Further, the mud scraping shovel is provided with an inner side surface, and when the mud scraping shovel is arranged in the soil discharging rotary channel, the inner side surface of the mud scraping shovel is arranged towards the outer surface of the drill rod; and a mud scraping gap is formed between the inner side surface of the mud scraping shovel and the outer surface of the drill rod.
Further, the mud scraping shovel is provided with an outer side surface, and when the mud scraping shovel is arranged in the soil discharging rotary channel, the outer side surface of the mud scraping shovel is arranged away from the outer surface of the drill rod; the outer side surface of the mud scraping shovel is provided with a plurality of convex strips, the convex strips extend along the mud scraping direction of the mud scraping shovel, and a mud guide groove is formed between every two adjacent convex strips; the side face of each convex strip is provided with a plurality of convex blocks, the convex blocks face the inner part of the mud guide groove and are arranged in a protruding mode, the convex blocks are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the convex strips, and the adjacent convex blocks are arranged in a vertically staggered mode.
Further, the front end of scraping the mud shovel has the mud scraping limit, the front end of sand grip extends to the mud scraping limit, the front end of sand grip has the preceding terminal surface towards the mud scraping limit, along the mud scraping direction of scraping the mud shovel, the preceding terminal surface of sand grip is arranged towards the back slope.
Furthermore, the mud scraper is provided with a facing side facing the helical blade, a plurality of elastic sheets are arranged on the facing side between the helical blade and the drill rod, one end of each elastic sheet is connected to the facing side, the other end of each elastic sheet extends towards the connection position between the helical blade and the drill rod, and the elastic sheets are obliquely arranged away from the facing side along the extending direction from one end to the other end of each elastic sheet; the elastic sheets are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the facing side face, and the inclination angles of the adjacent elastic sheets are different.
Furthermore, an elastic piece gap is formed between the elastic piece and the outer surface of the drill rod, and the elastic piece gap is smaller than the mud scraping gap.
Furthermore, a plurality of convex columns are arranged on the inner side surface of the mud scraping shovel, the inner ends of the convex columns are fixed on the inner side surface of the mud scraping shovel, the outer ends of the convex columns extend towards the drill rod, the outer ends of the convex columns are arranged in a pointed shape, an end gap is formed between the outer ends of the convex columns and the outer surface of the drill rod, and the end gap is smaller than the mud scraping gap; along the mud scraping direction of mud scraping shovel, it is a plurality of the projection is dislocation interval arrangement, just the tip clearance between the outer surface of projection and drilling rod reduces gradually.
Furthermore, a water injection channel is arranged in the cross rod, the cross rod penetrates through the middle bearing, the cross rod is provided with water spraying sections which are respectively positioned on two sides of the middle bearing, and water spraying nozzles which are arranged towards the soil discharging rotary channel are arranged on the water spraying sections.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a long spiral creeps into automatic scraping device of clay, when the drilling rod appears sticking with paste when boring at the in-process that creeps into, through lifting the drilling rod, at this moment, arrange the mud shovel of scraping in the soil discharging rotary channel in then along the soil discharging rotary channel removal, and then strike off the clay in the soil discharging passageway, and under helical blade's drive, the intermediate bearing rotates thereupon, thereby a plurality of mud shovels of scraping are arranged in the soil discharging rotary channel in turn and are scraped the mud operation, do not need arrange the personnel specially at the job site and scrape the mud operation, practice thrift construction cost, improve the efficiency of construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an automatic mud scraper for long screw drilling according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic front view of a mud scraper provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the automatic mud scraper for long screw drilling;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the middle bearing in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following describes the implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the present embodiment correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the terms according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.
The automatic scraping device for the clay in the long-spiral drilling is arranged on the outer side of a drill rod 104 of a drilling machine and comprises a base 301 fixed on the drilling machine, wherein a longitudinal rod 303 arranged in parallel with the drill rod 104 is arranged on the base 301, a cross rod 304 is connected onto the longitudinal rod 303, an intermediate bearing 200 is connected onto the cross rod 304, a plurality of mud scraping shovels 201 are connected to the periphery of the intermediate bearing 200, and the plurality of mud scraping shovels 201 are arranged at intervals along the periphery of the intermediate bearing 200.
The drilling machine comprises a base 100, a power element 103, a drill rod 104 which is driven by the power element 103 to rotate and is longitudinally arranged, and a drill bit 101 arranged at the bottom of the drill rod 104, wherein the base 100 plays a role in supporting and fixing, the power element 103 can drive the drill rod 104 to rotate, and synchronously, the drill bit 101 also rotates along with the drill rod 104;
the periphery of the drill rod 104 is provided with a helical blade 105, the helical blade 105 is spirally arranged along the axial direction of the drill rod 104, the helical blade 105 surrounds the periphery of the drill rod 104 to form a soil discharging rotary channel, and the soil discharging rotary channel and the helical blade 105 are spirally arranged in the same direction; during drilling of the drill pipe 104, the drill pipe 104 is drilled downwards, the drill pipe 104 rotates downwards, and the soil layer cut by the helical blade 105 is discharged out of the drill hole upwards along the discharging rotary path
At least one mud scraper is arranged in the soil discharging rotary channel; when the drill rod is lifted up, the plurality of mud scraping shovels are alternately arranged in the soil discharging rotary channel to scrape the clay in the soil discharging rotary channel.
Above-mentioned long spiral creeps into automatic scraping device of clay, when the drilling rod 104 appears sticking with paste when boring at the in-process of creeping into, through lifting drilling rod 104, at this moment, arrange the mud scraper 201 in the soil discharging rotary channel in then along the soil discharging rotary channel removal, and then strike off the clay in the soil discharging channel, and under helical blade 105's drive, middle bearing 200 rotates thereupon, thereby a plurality of mud scraper 201 are arranged in the soil discharging rotary channel in turn and are scraped the mud operation, do not need arrange specially personnel at the job site and scrape the mud operation, save construction cost, and the construction efficiency is improved.
In actual construction, the construction steps of the automatic mud scraping device for long-spiral drilling are as follows:
1) placing the long spiral drilling machine to a position needing to be drilled;
2) a mud scraping device is arranged on the outer side of the drill rod 104; with the rotation of the drill rod 104, the mud scraping shovel 201 rotates under the driving of the spiral blade 105, the middle bearing 200 rotates together, and thus, a plurality of mud scraping shovels 201 are alternately arranged in the soil discharging rotary path;
3) in the drilling process of the drill rod 104, when the drill rod 104 is stuck in the drill, the drill rod 104 is lifted upwards, the intermediate bearing 200 synchronously rotates along with the lifting of the drill rod 104, and the plurality of mud scraping shovels 201 are alternately arranged in the soil discharging rotary passage to scrape off the clay in the soil discharging rotary passage.
In the construction step 3), after the mud scraper 201 scrapes the slime in the soil discharge rotary path, the drill rod 104 continues to drill downwards until the drill rod 104 drills to a set elevation. Of course, during the whole drilling process, when the drill pipe 104 is stuck, the construction step 3) may be repeated until the drill pipe 104 reaches the set elevation.
The mud scraping device is installed on the machine base 100, and therefore the mud scraping device and the long spiral drilling machine are fixedly arranged in an integrated mode, and deviation of the mud scraping device due to factors such as vibration in the construction process is avoided.
The center of the middle bearing 200 is provided with a through hole 306, an elastic layer 307 is attached to the side wall of the through hole 306, and the cross bar 304 passes through the through hole 306 and abuts against the elastic layer 307. Thus, the cross bar 304 is ensured to rotate relative to the middle bearing 200, and by providing the elastic layer 307, the position of the cross bar 304 can be adjusted under the action of external force when the cross bar 304 rotates.
The periphery of the bottom of base 301 extends outwards and has transversely arranged's connecting piece 302, and the bottom of connecting piece 302 is equipped with the antivrbration pad, wears to be equipped with the bolt on the connecting piece 302, fixes base 301 on the rig through the bolt. By arranging the shock pad, the base 301 can be more stably connected with the drilling machine, and a shock-proof effect is achieved.
The mud scraper 201 has an outer side surface, and when the mud scraper 201 is placed in the rotary drain, the outer side surface of the mud scraper 201 is arranged away from the outer surface of the drill rod 104; the outer side surface of the mud scraping shovel 201 is provided with a plurality of convex strips 203, the convex strips 203 extend along the mud scraping direction of the mud scraping shovel 201, and a mud guide groove 202 is formed between every two adjacent convex strips 203; when scraping mud shovel 201 and scraping mud, the slime of being scraped can be discharged along the lateral surface of scraping mud shovel 201, like this, through setting up a plurality of sand grips 203, sand grip 203 can play the cutting action to the slime of discharging, and the slime after the cutting can be along leading mud groove 202 row mud, avoids the slime too big, leads to being difficult to the problem of row mud.
A plurality of convex blocks 204 are arranged on the side surface of the convex strip 203, and the convex blocks 204 are arranged in a convex manner towards the interior of the mud guide groove 202; the plurality of bumps 204 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the convex strip 203, and adjacent bumps 204 are arranged in a vertically staggered manner. A plurality of convex blocks 204 are formed in the mud guide groove 202, mud entering the mud guide groove 202 is subjected to secondary cutting by the convex blocks 204, secondary cutting is achieved, and mud is more conveniently discharged.
The front end of the mud scraping shovel 201 is provided with a mud scraping edge, and when the mud scraping shovel 201 scrapes mud, the mud scraping edge is embedded into the sticky mud to scrape the sticky mud from the soil discharge rotary channel. The front end of sand grip 203 extends to the mud scraping edge, and the front end of sand grip 203 has the preceding terminal surface towards the mud scraping edge, along the mud scraping direction of scraping mud shovel 201, and the preceding terminal surface of sand grip 203 is arranged towards the slope of back, and like this, the sand grip 203 of being convenient for cuts the clay of scraping off, and the preceding terminal surface of sand grip 203 is slope towards the back, and the clay that the direction of being convenient for was scraped off is arranged mud.
When the mud scraping shovel 201 is arranged in the rotary road for soil discharging, the mud scraping shovel 201 is provided with a facing side facing the helical blade 105, a plurality of elastic sheets 205 are arranged on the facing side between the helical blade 105 and the drill rod 104, one end of each elastic sheet 205 is connected to the facing side, the other end of each elastic sheet 205 extends towards the joint between the helical blade 105 and the drill rod 104, and along the extending direction from one end of each elastic sheet 205 to the other end, the elastic sheets 205 deviate from the facing side and are obliquely arranged.
Because the junction between helical blade 105 and drilling rod 104 can be arranged in to some slime, for the convenience of scraping mud shovel 201 when scraping mud, also scrape this part slime, foretell shell fragment 205 has been set up, shell fragment 205 can elastic deformation, and the shell fragment 205 extends towards the junction between helical blade 105 and drilling rod 104, utilize shell fragment 205 then can scrape the slime of this department, even shell fragment 205 receives helical blade 105's extrusion, also can resume through its elastic deformation, thus, not only can scrape mud through shell fragment 205, and can be applicable to the soil discharge rotary path of different width.
The plurality of elastic pieces 205 are arranged at intervals along the length direction facing the side surface, and the inclination angles of the adjacent elastic pieces 205 are different. Thus, by setting different inclination angles of the plurality of elastic sheets 205, multi-position mud scraping of the plurality of elastic sheets 205 is realized, and the elastic sheets 205 are more convenient for scraping mud at the joint between the helical blade 105 and the drill rod 104.
A spring piece gap is formed between the spring piece 205 and the outer surface of the drill rod 104, and the spring piece gap is smaller than the mud scraping gap.
The medial surface of scraping mud shovel 201 is equipped with a plurality of projections 206, and the medial surface at scraping mud shovel 201 is fixed to the inner of projection 206, and the outer end of projection 206 extends towards drilling rod 104, and the outer end of projection 206 is most advanced form and arranges, the outer end of projection 206 with have the tip clearance between the surface of drilling rod 104, the tip clearance is less than scrape the mud clearance.
Because it has the mud scraping clearance to scrape between mud shovel 201 and the drilling rod 104, like this, after scraping mud through scraping mud shovel 201, still can continue to have some slime of failing to scrape on the drilling rod 104, through setting up a plurality of projections 206, scrape mud shovel 201 when scraping mud, the outer end of a plurality of projections 206 then can be embedded into the slime of not scraping, and deep mud scraping is convenient for strike off the slime of soil discharge rotary path bottom.
Along the mud scraping direction of the mud scraping shovel 201, the convex columns 206 are arranged at intervals in a staggered mode, so that the mud at the bottom of the soil discharging rotary path can be scraped at multiple positions by the convex columns 206; the end gap between the convex column 206 and the outer surface of the drill rod 104 is gradually reduced, so that the mud at the bottom of the soil discharging rotary path can be gradually and deeply scraped along with the gradual mud scraping of the mud scraping shovel 201.
A water injection channel is arranged in the cross rod 304, the inside of the cross rod 304 is hollow to form a transition cavity, the cross rod 304 penetrates through the middle bearing 200, the cross rod 304 is provided with water spraying sections which are respectively positioned at two sides of the middle bearing 200, and water spraying openings which are arranged towards the soil discharging rotary channel are arranged on the water spraying sections.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The automatic scraping device for the slime in the long-spiral drilling is characterized by being arranged on the outer side of a drill rod of a drilling machine and comprising a base fixed on the drilling machine, wherein a longitudinal rod arranged in parallel with the drill rod is arranged on the base, a transverse rod and a transverse rod are connected onto the longitudinal rod, an intermediate bearing is connected onto the transverse rod, a plurality of mud scraping shovels are connected to the periphery of the intermediate bearing, and the mud scraping shovels are arranged at intervals along the periphery of the intermediate bearing; the periphery of the drill rod is provided with helical blades, the helical blades are spirally arranged along the axial direction of the drill rod, the helical blades surround the periphery of the drill rod to form a soil discharge rotary channel, and at least one mud scraper is arranged in the soil discharge rotary channel; when the drill rod is lifted up, the mud scraping shovels are alternately arranged in the soil discharge rotary passage to scrape the slime in the soil discharge rotary passage.
2. The automatic scraping device for long auger drilling slime as claimed in claim 1, wherein said intermediate bearing has a through hole at its center, an elastic layer is attached to the side wall of said through hole, and said cross bar passes through said through hole and abuts against said elastic layer.
3. The automatic scraping device for slime in long-screw drilling as claimed in claim 2, wherein a transversely arranged connecting piece extends outwards from the periphery of the bottom of the base, a shock pad is arranged at the bottom of the connecting piece, a bolt penetrates through the connecting piece, and the base is fixed on the drilling machine through the bolt.
4. The automatic scraping apparatus for slime in long auger drilling according to claim 3, wherein said scraping blade has an inner side surface, said inner side surface of said scraping blade being disposed toward an outer surface of said drill pipe when said scraping blade is disposed in said soil discharge rotary path; and a mud scraping gap is formed between the inner side surface of the mud scraping shovel and the outer surface of the drill rod.
5. The automatic scraping apparatus for slime of claim 4 wherein said scraping blade has an outer side surface, said outer side surface of said scraping blade being disposed away from an outer surface of said drill pipe when said scraping blade is disposed in said soil discharge raceway; the outer side surface of the mud scraping shovel is provided with a plurality of convex strips, the convex strips extend along the mud scraping direction of the mud scraping shovel, and a mud guide groove is formed between every two adjacent convex strips; the side face of each convex strip is provided with a plurality of convex blocks, the convex blocks face the inner part of the mud guide groove and are arranged in a protruding mode, the convex blocks are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the convex strips, and the adjacent convex blocks are arranged in a vertically staggered mode.
6. The automatic scraping device for slime of claim 5 wherein said scraping blade has a scraping edge at its front end, said protruding strip has a front end extending to said scraping edge, said protruding strip has a front end face facing said scraping edge, said front end face is inclined rearward along the scraping direction of said scraping blade.
7. The automatic scraping device for the slime in the long spiral drilling as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mud scraping shovel has a facing side surface facing the spiral blade, a plurality of elastic pieces are arranged on the facing side surface between the spiral blade and the drill pipe, one ends of the elastic pieces are connected to the facing side surface, the other ends of the elastic pieces extend towards the joint between the spiral blade and the drill pipe, and the elastic pieces are obliquely arranged away from the facing side surface along the extending direction from one end to the other end of the elastic pieces; the elastic sheets are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the facing side face, and the inclination angles of the adjacent elastic sheets are different.
8. The automatic scraping device for slime of claim 7 wherein said spring plate has a spring plate gap with the outer surface of said drill rod, said spring plate gap being smaller than said slime gap.
9. The automatic scraping device for slime in long screw drilling as claimed in claim 5, wherein said inner side of said mud scraping blade is provided with a plurality of protruding columns, inner ends of said protruding columns are fixed on said inner side of said mud scraping blade, outer ends of said protruding columns extend towards said drill rod, outer ends of said protruding columns are arranged in a tip shape, an end gap is provided between said outer ends of said protruding columns and outer surface of said drill rod, and said end gap is smaller than said mud scraping gap; along the mud scraping direction of mud scraping shovel, it is a plurality of the projection is dislocation interval arrangement, just the tip clearance between the outer surface of projection and drilling rod reduces gradually.
10. The automatic scraping device for slime in long auger drilling as claimed in claim 5, wherein said cross bar is provided with a water injection channel, said cross bar passes through said middle bearing, said cross bar is provided with water spraying sections respectively located at both sides of said middle bearing, said water spraying sections are provided with water spraying ports arranged toward said soil discharging rotary channel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120552000.8U CN215292369U (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2021-03-17 | Automatic mud scraping device for long-spiral drilling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120552000.8U CN215292369U (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2021-03-17 | Automatic mud scraping device for long-spiral drilling |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN215292369U true CN215292369U (en) | 2021-12-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202120552000.8U Active CN215292369U (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2021-03-17 | Automatic mud scraping device for long-spiral drilling |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117019799A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-10 | 山东鲁工机械有限公司 | Loader bucket cleaning device |
-
2021
- 2021-03-17 CN CN202120552000.8U patent/CN215292369U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117019799A (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2023-11-10 | 山东鲁工机械有限公司 | Loader bucket cleaning device |
| CN117019799B (en) * | 2023-10-09 | 2024-01-30 | 山东鲁工机械有限公司 | Loader bucket cleaning device |
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