CN215213594U - Water burst prevention and control system for extra-long tunnel - Google Patents
Water burst prevention and control system for extra-long tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN215213594U CN215213594U CN202120606243.5U CN202120606243U CN215213594U CN 215213594 U CN215213594 U CN 215213594U CN 202120606243 U CN202120606243 U CN 202120606243U CN 215213594 U CN215213594 U CN 215213594U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a prevention and cure system of gushing water in extra-long tunnel belongs to tunnel construction technical field, include the breakwater that forms by concrete placement, the breakwater sets up in the position apart from the preset distance of positive hole face, and laminate completely with the circumference lateral wall in positive hole, the bottom of breakwater is pour and is formed with the breakwater basis, the bottom of positive hole foundation ditch digs and is equipped with the foundation ditch that holds the breakwater basis, the periphery of breakwater passes through mortar stock anchor and goes into the basement rock, pre-buried the stand pipe in the breakwater, the stand pipe extends and stretches out the breakwater along the tunnelling direction and its both ends, the stand pipe is the plum blossom type and lays, the position that the below of breakwater is close to positive hole foundation pit both sides has seted up interim escape canal, the drilling rod of rig passes the stand pipe and bores positive hole face, form the outlet in positive hole face, when having a large amount of water in the tunnel inclined shaft in the solution prior art, tunnel is easy to gush out when the inclined shaft is under construction near the inclined shaft face, gushing water, The phenomena of mud outburst and the like have great potential safety hazard and are inconvenient to construct.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the tunnel construction, specifically provide a prevention and cure system of gushing water in extra long tunnel.
Background
In recent years, with the vigorous development of highway and railway traffic construction in China, the construction mileage of tunnels is refreshed continuously, the geological conditions are more complicated, and sudden water burst and mud burst of the tunnels become one of the most serious engineering disasters. The follow-up work of water gushing and mud outburst is quickly solved, and the production is quickly recovered, so that the method becomes a current research hotspot.
Taking a mountain tunnel of a camp on a south China magnificent expressway as an example, the tunnel has the total length of 11.28km and the maximum buried depth of 883m, passes through a fold zone, develops joint cracks, has dolomite and IV-level surrounding rock as geology, has crack water and karst water in bedrock, has special topographic and geological environmental conditions, has more serious and difficult points in construction, and has quite complex technical problems.
In the construction process, sudden water and mud gushing are carried out on the left tunnel face of the 2# inclined shaft main tunnel of the campsite mountain tunnel, and the instantaneous water burst amount reaches 8000m3Mud outburst of 5000m3The above. The duration is more than 1 year, and the water stored in the inclined shaft and the inclined shaft main rotating hole reaches 26 ten thousand meters3The hole opening of the air supply and exhaust inclined shaft is still 1500m3The velocity/h is discharged to the outside.
Along with the tunneling of the main tunnel, the main tunnel is closer to the 2# inclined shaft through surface, the situations of water burst, mud burst, large-range collapse and the like can occur at any time, the safety risk is higher and higher, and the water stored in the inclined shaft needs to be discharged urgently at present so as to ensure the safe construction of the tunnel face and the smooth through of the main tunnel.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an extra long tunnel flood control system to address the above-mentioned problems.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a prevention and cure system of gushing water in extra long tunnel when having a large amount of water of depositing in the tunnel inclined shaft among the solution prior art, tunnel positive hole construction easily takes place to gush water, suddenly phenomenons such as mud when near inclined shaft link up face, has the problem of great potential safety hazard and inconvenient construction.
The technical scheme of the utility model is realized like this: the utility model provides a water burst prevention system for an extra-long tunnel, the extra-long tunnel comprises an inclined shaft and a main tunnel, the water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel comprises a water retaining wall formed by concrete pouring, the water retaining wall is arranged at a position away from the tunnel face of the main tunnel by a preset distance, and is completely attached to the circumferential side wall of the main tunnel, a retaining wall foundation is formed at the bottom of the retaining wall by pouring, a foundation groove for accommodating the retaining wall foundation is dug at the bottom of the main tunnel foundation pit, the periphery of the retaining wall is anchored into the bedrock through a mortar anchor rod, a guide pipe is embedded in the retaining wall, the guide pipe extends along the tunneling direction, two ends of the guide pipe extend out of the water retaining wall, the guide pipe is arranged in a quincunx shape, temporary drainage ditches are formed in positions, close to two sides of the main tunnel foundation pit, below the water retaining wall, a drill rod of the drilling machine penetrates through the guide pipe to drill the tunnel face of the main tunnel, and a water drainage hole is formed in the tunnel face of the main tunnel.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the reserved rock pillar internal joint crack is developed, water drain holes are drilled and can be communicated with an inclined shaft internal water system, accumulated water threatening the construction of the inclined shaft internal water system is discharged, huge water pressure stored in a tunnel is released, the water levels of the inclined shaft and the inclined shaft are continuously reduced along with the continuous increase of the number of the water drain holes, the water pressure is continuously reduced, a risk source of water gushing of the inclined shaft, namely large-volume water stored in the inclined shaft, is eliminated, potential safety hazards brought to surrounding rocks by the water pressure during the excavation of the inclined shaft are eliminated, when the water level is reduced to meet the requirement of the safe water pressure, the water retaining wall can be detached to continuously carry out the remaining surrounding rocks, and the communication between the main hole and the inclined shaft is realized; powerful water impact when reducing the outlet and lining up through the breakwater wall reduces the injury to personnel, machinery, equipment, and with construction risk reduction to minimum, gush water and flow into drainage system in the hole outside the hole through the interim escape canal of breakwater both sides, realize that main hole safety sluices, the face steadily impels.
In the preferable technical scheme of the water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel, the water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel further comprises a closed wall sprayed on the tunnel face of the main tunnel, and the closed wall is anchored on the tunnel face of the main tunnel through a mortar anchor rod.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the enclosure wall and the mortar anchor rod reinforce the tunnel face and the rock pillar, and the phenomenon that the tunnel face is damaged by combined action of a drill rod and water pressure when the drilling machine drills a water drainage hole, so that water gushing and turbulent flow or the rock pillar is unstable is avoided.
In the preferable technical scheme of the water burst prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel, two ends of the guide pipe extend out of the water retaining wall by no less than 20cm, and one end of the guide pipe, which is far away from the tunnel face of the main tunnel, is provided with a ball valve.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the two ends of the guide pipe extend out of the water retaining wall, so that the guide pipe is favorably connected with the end of the drilling machine, the drill rod of the drilling machine is better guided, and the precision of drilling is ensured; after drilling, the drill rod is slowly drawn out, and the ball valve on the guide pipe is closed, so that water cannot circulate temporarily, and a better construction environment is created for drilling other drain holes by the drilling machine.
In a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned extra-long tunnel water inrush prevention and control system, an elevation angle of the guide pipe is 1 ° to 3 °.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: because the drilling tool is longer, settlement can occur during drilling, in order to improve the drilling precision and meet the technical requirements, the guide pipe is slightly lifted upwards, and the drilling tool is well guided.
In the preferable technical scheme of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel, the water retaining wall is internally embedded with steel bar meshes and a door-shaped support, the door-shaped support is arranged between the steel bar meshes and connected with the steel bar meshes, and the guide pipe is supported on the door-shaped support and connected with the door-shaped support.
The technical effect of the scheme is as follows: the guide pipe is ensured to be positioned accurately and firmly, the guide pipe does not deviate during the concrete pouring, and the elevation angle and the axis of the guide pipe are ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the system for preventing and treating water gushing in an extra-long tunnel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of mortar anchor rods on the water retaining wall of the extra-long tunnel water burst prevention system of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a side view of the enclosure wall of the extra-long tunnel water burst prevention system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of mortar anchor rods on the closed wall of the extra-long tunnel water burst prevention system of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a step diagram of the construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel of the present invention.
List of reference numerals: 1. a water retaining wall; 11. a gantry support; 2. a water retaining wall foundation; 3. a temporary drainage ditch; 4. a mortar anchor rod; 5. a guide tube; 6. a drilling machine; 7. a water drain hole; 8. and (5) closing the wall.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicating the directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Use the dish mountain tunnel of camping of south Yunnan magnificent highway mentioned in the background art as an example, the utility model discloses a special embodiment of prevention and cure system that gushes water in extra long tunnel as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the extra-long tunnel comprises an inclined shaft and a main tunnel, when the main tunnel is constructed to be 100m away from a through surface, a water retaining wall 1 is formed by pouring concrete at a position 1.5m away from a tunnel face of the main tunnel, the water retaining wall 1 is completely attached to the circumferential side wall of the main tunnel, a water retaining wall foundation 2 is formed by pouring the bottom of the water retaining wall 1, and the size of the water retaining wall foundation 2 is as follows: 11.9m 5m 1m, the bottom of positive hole foundation ditch digs and is equipped with the foundation ditch that holds breakwater foundation 2, and the position orientation that the foundation ditch is close to positive hole foundation ditch both sides deviates from the direction of positive hole face has seted up interim escape canal 3. The periphery of the water retaining wall 1 is anchored into bedrock through a mortar anchor rod 4, the mortar anchor rod 4 is 3m long, the mortar anchor rod is anchored into the bedrock by 2m and is exposed outside by 1m, the direction indicated by a shear head in figure 3 is a circular direction, the circular distance between the mortar anchor rods 4 is 100cm, and the transverse distance is 60 cm. A guide pipe 5 with an elevation angle of 1-3 degrees is pre-embedded in the water retaining wall 1, the guide pipe 5 is arranged in a quincunx shape, the guide pipe 5 extends along the tunneling direction, two ends of the guide pipe 5 extend out of the water retaining wall by 20cm, a flange and a ball valve are arranged at one end of the guide pipe 5, which is far away from the face of the main tunnel, a drill rod of a drilling machine 6 penetrates through the guide pipe 5 to drill the face of the main tunnel, and a water drainage hole 7 is formed in the face of the main tunnel.
Because the drilling tool is longer, the drilling tool can be settled, and in order to improve the drilling precision and meet the technical requirements, the guide pipe 5 is slightly lifted upwards, so that the drilling tool is well guided. The flange on the guide pipe 5 is beneficial to connecting the guide pipe 5 with the end of the drilling machine 6, so that the drilling machine 6 is prevented from being flushed down by huge water pressure in the drilling process, and the safety of machinery and constructors is protected; after drilling, the drill rod is slowly drawn out, and the ball valve on the guide pipe 5 is closed, so that water cannot circulate temporarily, and a better construction environment is created for drilling other water drainage holes 7 by the drilling machine 6.
Continuing to refer to fig. 1, in order to ensure that the guide pipe 5 is accurately and firmly positioned, the guide pipe 5 does not deviate during the concrete pouring process, and the elevation angle and the axis of the guide pipe 5 are ensured, reinforcing steel mesh sheets and door-shaped supports 11 are pre-embedded in the water retaining wall 1, the door-shaped supports 11 are formed by welding reinforcing steel bars, the door-shaped supports 11 are arranged between the reinforcing steel mesh sheets and connected with the reinforcing steel mesh sheets through the reinforcing steel bars, and the guide pipe 5 is erected on the door-shaped supports 11 and connected with the door-shaped supports 11 and is fixed through the door-shaped supports 11.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, due to the development of joint cracks in the reserved rock pillars, when the drilling machine 6 drills the water discharge holes 7, the drilling rod and the water pressure act together, the tunnel face of the main tunnel may be damaged, and in order to avoid the phenomenon of water burst turbulence or unstable rock pillars, the extra-long tunnel water burst control system further comprises a closing wall 8 sprayed on the tunnel face of the main tunnel, the closing wall 8 is anchored on the tunnel face of the main tunnel through mortar anchor rods, the thickness of the closing wall 8 is 15cm, the length of the mortar anchor rods is 8m, and the distance between the mortar anchor rods is 100cm x 100 cm.
Due to the fact that the joint cracks in the reserved rock pillars are developed, water drain holes 7 are drilled, the water drain holes 7 can be communicated with a water system in an inclined shaft, accumulated water threatening to construction of the inclined shaft in the inclined shaft is drained, huge water pressure stored in a tunnel is released, the water level of the inclined shaft and the water level of the main shaft can be continuously reduced along with the continuous increase of the number of the water drain holes 7, the water pressure is continuously reduced, a risk source of water gushing in the main shaft, namely large-volume water stored in the inclined shaft is eliminated, potential safety hazards brought to surrounding rocks by the water pressure during main shaft tunneling are eliminated, when the water level is reduced to the requirement of the safety water pressure, the water retaining wall 1 can be detached, the remaining surrounding rocks are continuously tunneled, and the main shaft and the inclined shaft are communicated; powerful water impact when reducing discharge opening 7 through waterwall 1 reduces the injury to personnel, machinery, equipment, and with construction risk to minimize, gush water and flow into drainage system in the hole through the interim escape canal 3 of waterwall 1 both sides and arrange outside the hole, realize that main hole safety sluices, the face steadily impels.
As shown in fig. 6, specifically, the construction method of the water inrush prevention and control system for the extra-long tunnel mainly includes the following steps:
s10, measuring and setting out, and positioning a pile position central line and an excavation boundary line;
s20, cutting the groove and clearing the bottom, digging the foundation pit to a designed elevation by adopting a breaking hammer to form a base groove, and chiseling two temporary drainage ditches 3 on one side of the base groove, which is far away from the face of the main tunnel;
s30, anchoring by using a mortar anchor rod, arranging the mortar anchor rod 4 along the periphery of the water retaining wall 1, and anchoring the mortar anchor rod 4 into the bedrock for 2m and exposing for 1 m;
s40, constructing a water retaining wall foundation, installing and pouring a template in a foundation trench, wherein the template is a steel template, is reinforced transversely and vertically by using D48X 3.5 double steel pipes and is fastened by matching with a large butterfly-shaped clamp, when concrete is poured, a vibrating rod is adopted for vibrating, the concrete is fed in and discharged slowly at intervals of 30-50 cm, and the concrete is vibrated until the concrete does not sink and flow any more;
s50, constructing the water retaining wall, covering wood plates on the temporary drainage ditch 3 to prevent concrete from entering, arranging a template and reinforcing steel bar meshes on the water retaining wall foundation 2, supporting a door-shaped support 11 between the reinforcing steel bar meshes, connecting the door-shaped support 11 with the reinforcing steel bar meshes on two sides of the door-shaped support by using reinforcing steel bars, fixing 22 guide pipes 5 with the diameter of 20cm and the length of 2.5m on the door-shaped support 11 in a plum blossom shape, controlling the angles of the guide pipes 5 to be upward 1-3 degrees, enabling the extending directions of the guide pipes 5 to be parallel to the axis of a tunnel, exposing 20cm of the guide pipes 5, welding a flange plate on one side of the guide pipes 5, mounting ball valves, enabling the horizontal spacing between the guide pipes 5 to be 120cm, enabling the vertical spacing to be 100cm, and pouring to form the water retaining wall 1;
s60, drilling a drain hole, positioning the drilling machine 6, enabling a drill rod of the drilling machine 6 to penetrate through the guide pipe 5, connecting the end of the drilling machine 6 with a flange plate of the guide pipe 5, drilling a hole on the face of the main tunnel to form the drain hole 7, and closing a ball valve on the guide pipe 5 when the next drain hole 7 is drilled.
In order to ensure that the drilling machine 6 is stably positioned, so that the position of the drilling machine 6 is not deviated in the drilling process, and the position of the drilling machine 6 is not changed after the drilling is finished, wherein the step S60 specifically comprises the following steps:
s601, pouring a concrete cushion layer at the bottom of the drilling machine 6;
s602, fixing a base of the drilling machine 6, controlling the drilling angle to be 1-3 degrees upwards, marking the serial number of the guide pipe on the water retaining wall 1, and drilling holes through the guide pipe 5 layer by layer from the middle to two sides and from bottom to top to form a drain hole 7.
The drainage hole 7 is drilled for the first time by 50m, and after the step 602, the method further comprises the following steps:
judging whether the water is obviously drained from the water drainage holes 7;
under the condition of unobvious drainage, pumping and draining water in the inclined shaft to reduce the hydrostatic level and deepen the drainage hole by 7-80 m;
repeatedly judging whether the water is obviously drained from the water drainage hole 7;
and under the condition that the drainage is not obvious, continuously deepening the drainage holes by 7-100 m, namely communicating the face of the main tunnel with the face of the inclined shaft, and considering whether the rock pillar is penetrated or not if the drainage is not obvious.
Due to the development of joint cracks in the reserved rock pillar, when the drilling machine 6 drills the drain hole 7, the drilling rod and the water pressure act together, the tunnel face of the main tunnel can be damaged, and in order to avoid the phenomenon that water burst flows disorderly or the rock pillar is unstable, before the step S10, the method further comprises the following steps:
s01, drilling a mortar anchor rod on the face of the main tunnel, fully paving a steel bar mesh, and connecting the steel bar mesh and the mortar anchor rod;
s02, spraying concrete on the face of the main tunnel from bottom to top, wherein the spraying operation is carried out in layers, segments and pieces in sequence, the spraying sequence moves from bottom to top, the spray head is directly opposite to the sprayed face, the spraying thickness at one time is about 50-80 mm, certain intervals are required after spraying once, the spraying operation is generally carried out after the concrete of the previous layer is finally solidified, concrete conglomerations hung on the net piece are timely removed, the compactness of the sprayed concrete is ensured, the sprayed concrete covers the whole steel net piece, and the closed wall 8 which is compact, free of cracks, falling, spraying leakage, ribs leakage, hollowing and water leakage is formed.
In order to ensure that temporary facilities such as the existing air compressor room, the power distribution room, the security room and the tunnel warehouse of the tunnel are not submerged by water during draining, the method further comprises the following steps before step S01:
and (4) pouring a water blocking wall outside the existing temporary facility of the tunnel, wherein the height of the water blocking wall is 100cm, and the thickness of the water blocking wall is 30 cm.
It will be appreciated that the water-stopping wall is constructed before the closing wall construction step on the tunnel face in the above embodiments, but this is not a limitation on the sequence of the water-stopping wall construction, and in other embodiments, the water-stopping wall may be constructed simultaneously with the closing wall or after the closing wall is constructed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The water burst prevention system for the extra-long tunnel comprises an inclined shaft and a main tunnel, and is characterized by comprising a water retaining wall formed by pouring concrete, wherein the water retaining wall is arranged at a preset distance away from the tunnel face of the main tunnel, and is completely attached to the circumferential side wall of the main tunnel, a retaining wall foundation is formed at the bottom of the retaining wall by pouring, a foundation groove for accommodating the retaining wall foundation is dug at the bottom of the main tunnel foundation pit, the periphery of the retaining wall is anchored into the bedrock through a mortar anchor rod, a guide pipe is embedded in the retaining wall, the guide pipe extends along the tunneling direction, two ends of the guide pipe extend out of the water retaining wall, the guide pipe is arranged in a quincunx shape, temporary drainage ditches are formed in positions, close to two sides of the main tunnel foundation pit, below the water retaining wall, a drill rod of the drilling machine penetrates through the guide pipe to drill the tunnel face of the main tunnel, and a water drainage hole is formed in the tunnel face of the main tunnel.
2. The extra-long tunnel water inrush prevention and control system of claim 1, further comprising a closing wall sprayed on the tunnel face of the main tunnel, wherein the closing wall is anchored to the tunnel face of the main tunnel by mortar anchor rods.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the two ends of the guide tube extend beyond the retaining wall by no less than 20cm, and a ball valve is mounted at the end of the guide tube facing away from the tunnel face of the main tunnel.
4. The extra-long tunnel flood control system according to claim 3, wherein the elevation angle of said guiding tube is 1 ° to 3 °.
5. The system for preventing and treating water inrush of extra-long tunnels according to claim 4, wherein reinforcing mesh sheets and door-shaped brackets are pre-embedded in the water retaining walls, the door-shaped brackets are arranged between the reinforcing mesh sheets and connected with the reinforcing mesh sheets, and the guide pipes are supported on the door-shaped brackets and connected with the door-shaped brackets.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120606243.5U CN215213594U (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Water burst prevention and control system for extra-long tunnel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202120606243.5U CN215213594U (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Water burst prevention and control system for extra-long tunnel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN215213594U true CN215213594U (en) | 2021-12-17 |
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| CN202120606243.5U Active CN215213594U (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Water burst prevention and control system for extra-long tunnel |
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- 2021-03-25 CN CN202120606243.5U patent/CN215213594U/en active Active
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