CN215180930U - Small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system for seabed sediment - Google Patents
Small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system for seabed sediment Download PDFInfo
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- CN215180930U CN215180930U CN202120961087.4U CN202120961087U CN215180930U CN 215180930 U CN215180930 U CN 215180930U CN 202120961087 U CN202120961087 U CN 202120961087U CN 215180930 U CN215180930 U CN 215180930U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a seabed sediment small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system, which comprises a support frame, a high-frequency transducer, a transducer array, a medium-low frequency transducer, a posture instrument, a height instrument, a control circuit system and a water main control device; the high-frequency transducer is arranged at the lower end of a supporting probe rod on the periphery of the lower layer of the supporting frame; the transducer array is arranged on a supporting probe rod in the middle of the lower layer of the supporting frame; horizontal support rods extending outwards are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle layer of the support frame, and the middle and low frequency transducer is arranged at the end part of each horizontal support rod far away from the support frame; the attitude instrument, the height instrument and the control circuit system are respectively arranged on the middle layer of the support frame; the high-frequency transducer, the transducer array, the medium-low frequency transducer, the attitude instrument and the height instrument are all electrically connected with the control circuit system, and the control circuit system is electrically connected with the overwater main control device through cables. The utility model discloses can carry out horizontal and vertical acoustic measurement to the submarine sediment under the seabed normal position state, can also measure the acoustic emission coefficient at different glancing angles at seabed normal position.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a submarine sediment normal position acoustic characteristic test technical field, concretely relates to submarine sediment small dimension normal position acoustic imaging system.
Background
The research on the acoustic characteristics of the submarine sediments is in a position required by strategic development of concerned countries in various sea-related countries, and the detection of submarine sound field environments cannot be avoided in marine navigation, resource detection and engineering construction. However, the submarine environment is complex, the ocean current motion, the turbidity current motion, the natural sedimentation, the geological change and other effects generally exist, the submarine sound field environment is directly influenced and changed, and the temperature and pressure state change existing on the seabed caused by weather change, seawater fluctuation and the like finally influences the change of the submarine sound field environment, so that the difference of detection and investigation detection results in the marine operation process is caused. Therefore, the deep research on the acoustic characteristics and the influence mechanism of the submarine sediment in the in-situ state has very important application requirements on the increasing of the marine detection precision requirement, especially marine resource exploration and submarine engineering operation.
In situ acoustic measurements enable more realistic acoustic characterization of seafloor sediments because they maintain the physical properties and environment of the seafloor sediments almost intact, do not cause internal structural changes (e.g., weak deep sea shallow surface sediments, shallow sand sediments, certain gas-containing sediments) due to disturbances generated during sampling, sequestration, and handling of the samples, and do not limit the frequency of testing due to sample size.
The measurement of the seabed sound reflection provides the most intuitive method for testing the sound wave propagation theoretical equation in the seabed sediment, but from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints, the seabed sound reflection is one of the difficulties and the key points of seabed sound research (Liu Bao Hua et al, 2019), and the importance of the seabed sound reflection is expressed in the following three aspects: 1) is an important component of shallow underwater sound transmission; 2) can be used to infer acoustic impedance and other information of the seafloor; 3) the method can be used for carrying out more intuitive test on the seabed sound wave propagation theory. The reflection measurement results are divided into field measurements and laboratory measurements. Laboratory measurements, which can better control observation system and sediment parameters, are the first choice for measuring theoretical models, however, the real seabed environment is much more complex, the real seabed is rough and not smooth, and is non-uniform, and even vertical stratification and other forms of physical property vertical gradients exist, so field measurements can be used to verify whether the model is too simplified to ignore the real phenomena of the seabed. The measurement error caused by the following factors needs to be considered in the measurement of the sea bottom acoustic reflection: interface roughness, volume scattering, deposit delamination, deposit property gradients, and the like. Errors caused by interface roughness fall into two main categories: fluctuations in signal energy level and scattering outside the direction of specular reflection. Bulk scattering of deposits is prevalent in acoustic propagation and is generally comparable to or even greater than the level of interfacial asperity scattering. The stratification and gradient of the deposit properties have great influence on the reflection of sound waves, and the vertical microstructure of the deposit is a main factor causing the fluctuation of the density and the compressibility of the deposit, particularly the change of the bulk density and the sound velocity of a tiny transition layer. In situ measurements of seafloor acoustic reflections and vertical microstructural features of seafloor sediments are therefore important for acoustic propagation theory and modeling and for this reason.
The macro structure and the microstructure of sediment are known that the fluctuation scales in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction can be greatly different, although domestic researchers carry out related researches on an in-situ acoustic measurement system of the submarine sediment, most of the existing in-situ measurement equipment adopts a transverse or vertical measurement mode to obtain the acoustic characteristics of the sediment, and only sound velocity and sound attenuation data can be obtained, but microstructure characteristics in underwater sound transmission cannot be obtained, so that structural measurement of the submarine sediment is necessary.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to overcome prior art's not enough, provide a seabed sediment small dimension normal position acoustic imaging system, can carry out horizontal and vertical acoustic measurement to the submarine deposit under the seabed normal position state, can also measure the acoustic emission coefficient at different grazing angles in seabed normal position.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system for seabed sediment comprises a support frame, a high-frequency transducer, a transducer array, a medium-low frequency transducer, a posture instrument, a height instrument, a control circuit system and a water main control device; the lower layer of the support frame is provided with a plurality of support probe rods which are vertically arranged at intervals and can be inserted into the submarine sediments; the high-frequency transducers comprise two high-frequency transmitting transducers and two high-frequency receiving transducers which are respectively arranged at the lower ends of the supporting probe rods on the periphery of the lower layer of the supporting frame; the transducer array comprises a transmitting transducer array and a receiving transducer array which are respectively arranged on a supporting probe rod in the middle of the lower layer of the support frame; horizontal support rods extending outwards are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle layer of the support frame, and the middle and low frequency transducers are respectively arranged at the end parts of the horizontal support rods far away from the support frame; the attitude instrument, the height instrument and the control circuit system are respectively arranged on the middle layer of the support frame; the high-frequency transducer, the transducer array, the medium-low frequency transducer, the attitude instrument and the height instrument are all electrically connected with a control circuit system, and the control circuit system is electrically connected with the overwater main control device through a cable;
the system is provided with four high-frequency transducers in the transverse horizontal direction, can perform horizontal acoustic measurement of one-to-three receiving or two-to-two receiving, is provided with two transducer arrays in the vertical direction, continuously generates two-dimensional image slices in the process of continuously penetrating sediments into the seabed, performs vertical acoustic chromatography fine measurement, thereby finding out the structural condition of the sediments in the vertical direction, transmits sound wave signals in the sediments through the transmitting transducers of the transducer arrays, and inversely reconstructs the distribution image of the vertical acoustic doping amount noise of the sediments by using image reconstruction methods such as Radon transformation, filtered back projection and the like for the received sound wave signals, and finally can detect the internal microstructure of the sediments; the transmitting and receiving angles of the medium and low frequency transducer can be adjusted through the control circuit system, so that the reflection coefficients of different grazing angles can be measured;
the system has different measurement modes, including transverse measurement, vertical measurement and reflection coefficient measurement, can measure the acoustic characteristic parameters of the submarine sediments in the transverse and longitudinal vertical directions, including sound velocity and sound attenuation coefficient, and can also emit sound waves in seawater to measure the reflection coefficient of the interface of the seawater and the submarine sediments; the circuit control system and the water main control device can control the measuring sequence of the high-frequency transducer, the transducer array and the medium-low frequency transducer, carry out signal emission according to different measuring modes, and adjust the frequency and the waveform.
Preferably, the middle layer of the support frame is also provided with a deepwater CTD for synchronously acquiring the temperature, salinity and depth data of the seabed.
Preferably, the periphery of the middle layer of the support frame is also provided with a plurality of weights, and the weights can be balanced according to different depths, so that the depth of the support probe rod which can be inserted into the submarine sediments reaches a preset depth.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
the utility model discloses the system can carry out horizontal and vertical acoustics measurement to the submarine sediment under the seabed normal position state to the submarine sound reflection coefficient of the different grazing angles of simultaneous measurement utilizes vertical a plurality of transducer array, combines acoustics tomography technique, through the system in the continuous generation two-dimensional image section of the in-process of submarine continuous injection deposit, acquire the sound velocity and the sound attenuation on the submarine sediment vertical direction, explore the microstructure characteristic of submarine sediment, provide theoretical basis for sound wave volume scattering model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system for a seabed sediment according to the embodiment;
description of reference numerals: 1-a support frame; 2-circuit sealed cabin; 3-deepwater CTD; 4-medium and low frequency transducer; 5-an attitude instrument; 6-height gauge; 7-a high frequency transducer; 8-a transducer array; 9-weight.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
Examples
As shown in figure 1, the small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system for the seabed sediment comprises an overwater control part and an underwater measurement part. The underwater measurement part is used for performing transverse and vertical acoustic measurement on the submarine sediments in a submarine in-situ state, and acquiring measurement data such as sound velocity, sound attenuation and sound reflection coefficient. The overwater control part is connected with the underwater measurement part through a photoelectric composite cable and is used for preprocessing measurement data, analyzing and calculating sediment sound velocity and attenuation coefficient, analyzing acoustic tomography and the like, and analyzing the microstructure of the submarine sediment.
The main body of the underwater measurement part is a support frame 1 which is a frame structure formed by stainless steel pipes and is divided into an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer. The upper strata is the bearing structure who is the toper, and the top is passed through the cable and is connected with mother's ship. The middle layer is a rectangular frame structure, measuring modules such as a circuit sealed cabin 2, a deep water CTD3, an attitude instrument 5 and a height instrument 6 are installed on the middle layer, and modules needing water prevention, such as a control circuit system and a battery, are installed inside the circuit sealed cabin 2. The lower layer is provided with supporting probe rods which are vertically arranged at intervals, and the bottoms of the supporting probe rods are in a sharp-horn shape, so that the supporting probe rods can be inserted into the seabed sediments conveniently. The high-frequency transducers 7 are embedded into the lower ends of the four peripheral supporting probe rods, the four high-frequency transducers 7 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, one high-frequency transmitting transducer and three high-frequency receiving transducers can be combined to perform transverse horizontal acoustic measurement of one transmitting and three receiving transducers, and two high-frequency transmitting transducers and two high-frequency receiving transducers can also be combined to perform transverse horizontal acoustic measurement of two transmitting and two receiving transducers. Of course, the combination of the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer of the high frequency transducer 7 is not limited to the above-mentioned combination, and can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual needs. The two supporting probes in the middle are used for installing transducer arrays 8, one transducer array 8 is composed of a plurality of transmitting transducers which are arranged from top to bottom at intervals, the other transducer array is composed of a plurality of receiving transducers which are arranged from top to bottom at intervals, and after the installation is finished, the transmitting transducers and the receiving transducers on each layer are located on the same horizontal plane, so that vertical acoustic tomography fine measurement can be carried out, and the structural condition of the seabed sediments in the vertical direction can be ascertained. Two opposite side surfaces of the rectangular frame structure in the middle layer of the support frame 1 are also provided with horizontal support rods extending outwards, the end parts of the horizontal support rods are provided with medium and low frequency transducers 4, and the transmitting and receiving angles of the medium and low frequency transducers can be adjusted through a control circuit system, so that the reflection coefficients of different grazing angles can be measured. Meanwhile, the weight blocks 9 are fixed at four corners of the rectangular frame structure, so that the weight can be balanced according to different depths, and the depth of the supporting probe rod of the supporting frame 1 inserted into the submarine sediment is ensured to reach the preset depth.
Wherein the deepwater CTD3 is used to synchronously acquire temperature, salinity and depth data of the seafloor. The middle-low frequency transducer 4 adopts a receiving and transmitting integrated transducer to realize the measurement of the seabed reflection coefficient. The attitude instrument 5 is used for measuring the inclination degree of the support frame 1 when being inserted into the seabed, and ensures that the support frame 1 can be vertically inserted into seabed sediments. The height gauge 6 is used for measuring the height from the sea bottom, so as to obtain the insertion depth of the supporting probe of the supporting frame 1.
The overwater control part mainly comprises an upper computer and a deck communication machine, wherein the deck communication machine is a high photoelectric converter and is used for converting optical signals transmitted from a photoelectric composite cable into electric signals and transmitting the electric signals to the upper computer through a network cable so as to realize interaction between the upper computer and a control circuit system. The upper computer can select the notebook computer with the net mouth, the upper computer software is the core of the part above water, including measured data preprocessing, signal correlation analysis, sediment sound velocity and attenuation coefficient analysis calculation, modules such as acoustic tomography analysis, through the upper computer software, can accomplish debugging and inspection of system on the deck, the start-stop control of system, system communication port sets up, measured data downloads and manages, functions such as historical data inquiry, the staff can set up measurement and control parameters such as sampling period, the number of sampling points, cycle measurement number of times, still can send control instruction to the part of measuring under water, control in real time to the measurement process under water.
The control circuit system takes a digital signal processor as a core and exchanges data with the water notebook computer through a high-speed USB interface. The control circuit system comprises a high-speed USB interface, a digital signal processor, a TF card, a high-speed AD, a receiving and amplifying circuit, a transmitting control circuit and an FPGA control chip. The high-speed USB interface is connected with the digital signal processor, the digital signal processor is connected with the FPGA control chip, the TF card is connected with the FPGA control chip, the receiving transducer is connected with the receiving amplifying circuit, the receiving amplifying circuit is connected with the FPGA control chip, the high-speed AD is connected with the FPGA control chip, the transmitting transducer is connected with the transmitting control circuit, the transmitting control circuit is connected with the FPGA control chip, the CTD, the attitude indicator and the altimeter are connected with the data acquisition card, and the data acquisition card is connected with the FPGA control chip.
During measurement, firstly, the equipment is quickly hoisted to the seabed by using a ship-borne winch and a photoelectric composite cable, the support frame 1 stays on the seabed after bottoming, the support probe rod of the equipment is inserted into the sediment according to self weight and free falling impact force, the sediment insertion depth can be determined by the attitude instrument 5 and the height gauge 6, and transverse, vertical and reflection coefficient measurement can be sequentially carried out according to system setting. Preferably, an online control measurement mode is adopted, the state signals of the system under water or on the sea bottom can be acquired online on the deck by utilizing an upper computer and control software, acoustic emission and acquisition parameters are set according to the acquired system state information, and the emission, the acquisition, the storage and the like of sound wave signals are performed online.
Preferably, the maximum working depth of the small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system for the seabed sediment is 3000m, the fine research on a shallow sea sound field can be met, the maximum insertion depth is 1.0m, and the working frequency of the transducer is 30kHz-100 kHz.
The small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system for the seabed sediment combines the acoustic tomography technology with in-situ measurement, observes the microstructure of the seabed sediment under the undisturbed condition by utilizing the acoustic transducer array while measuring the acoustic parameters of the sediment on the seabed, and measures the microstructure of the seabed sediment, and has the following advantages:
1) two-way measurement, i.e. both horizontal and vertical fine measurement
The stratification and gradient of the deposit properties have great influence on the reflection of sound waves, and the vertical microstructure of the deposit is a main factor causing the fluctuation of the density and the compressibility of the deposit, particularly the change of the bulk density and the sound velocity of a tiny transition layer. The system can not only perform acoustic measurement in the horizontal direction, but also perform fine measurement on a vertical direct small transition layer. The device is characterized in that four high-frequency transducers are arranged in the horizontal direction, horizontal acoustic measurement of one-transmission three-reception or two-transmission two-reception can be carried out, two transducer arrays are arranged in the vertical direction, two-dimensional image slices are continuously generated in the process that sediment is continuously penetrated into the seabed, and vertical acoustic chromatography fine measurement is carried out, so that the structural condition of the sediment in the vertical direction is proved.
2) Vertical microstructure detection of seafloor sediments
Transmitting acoustic signals through a transmitting transducer of the transducer array to propagate in the sediment, and inverting and reconstructing a distribution image of sediment vertical acoustic doping noise by using image reconstruction methods such as Radon transformation, filtering back projection and the like on the received acoustic signals, so that the internal microstructure of the sediment can be detected finally.
3) Subsea in situ reflectance measurement
The system utilizes the medium and low frequency transducer to directly carry out the submarine sound reflection experiment in situ at the seabed, can directly transmit sound wave signals at a close distance at the seabed, reduces energy attenuation, and can adjust the transmitting and receiving angles of the medium and low frequency transducer through the control circuit system, thereby measuring the reflection coefficients of different grazing angles.
In conclusion, the small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system for the seabed sediment can perform transverse and vertical acoustic measurement on the seabed sediment in a seabed in-situ state, measure the seabed acoustic reflection coefficient at the same time, utilize a plurality of vertical transducer arrays and combine an acoustic tomography technology, continuously generate two-dimensional image slices through the system in the process of continuously penetrating the sediment into the seabed, obtain sound velocity and sound attenuation in the vertical direction of the seabed sediment, explore microstructure characteristics of the seabed sediment, provide a theoretical basis for a sound wave volume scattering model, and provide research equipment and technical support for the fields of marine sound field research, marine engineering construction, national defense safety and the like.
The above detailed description is specific to possible embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the scope of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A seabed sediment small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system is characterized in that: the device comprises a support frame, a high-frequency transducer, a transducer array, a medium-low frequency transducer, an attitude instrument, a height instrument, a control circuit system and an overwater main control device; the lower layer of the support frame is provided with a plurality of support probe rods which are vertically arranged at intervals and can be inserted into the submarine sediments; the high-frequency transducers comprise two high-frequency transmitting transducers and two high-frequency receiving transducers which are respectively arranged at the lower ends of the supporting probe rods on the periphery of the lower layer of the supporting frame; the transducer array comprises a transmitting transducer array and a receiving transducer array which are respectively arranged on a supporting probe rod in the middle of the lower layer of the support frame; horizontal support rods extending outwards are respectively arranged on two sides of the middle layer of the support frame, and the middle and low frequency transducers are respectively arranged at the end parts of the horizontal support rods far away from the support frame; the attitude instrument, the height instrument and the control circuit system are respectively arranged on the middle layer of the support frame; the high-frequency transducer, the transducer array, the medium-low frequency transducer, the attitude instrument and the height instrument are all electrically connected with a control circuit system, and the control circuit system is electrically connected with the overwater main control device through a cable;
the system is provided with four high-frequency transducers in the transverse horizontal direction, can perform horizontal acoustic measurement of one-to-three receiving or two-to-two receiving, is provided with two transducer arrays in the vertical direction, continuously generates two-dimensional image slices in the process of continuously penetrating sediments into the seabed, performs vertical acoustic chromatography fine measurement, thereby finding out the structural condition of the sediments in the vertical direction, transmits sound wave signals in the sediments through the transmitting transducers of the transducer arrays, and inversely reconstructs the distribution image of the vertical acoustic doping amount noise of the sediments by using image reconstruction methods such as Radon transformation, filtered back projection and the like for the received sound wave signals, and finally can detect the internal microstructure of the sediments; the transmitting and receiving angles of the medium and low frequency transducer can be adjusted through the control circuit system, so that the reflection coefficients of different grazing angles can be measured;
the system has different measurement modes, including transverse measurement, vertical measurement and reflection coefficient measurement, can measure the acoustic characteristic parameters of the submarine sediments in the transverse and longitudinal vertical directions, including sound velocity and sound attenuation coefficient, and can also emit sound waves in seawater to measure the reflection coefficient of the interface of the seawater and the submarine sediments; the circuit control system and the water main control device can control the measuring sequence of the high-frequency transducer, the transducer array and the medium-low frequency transducer, carry out signal emission according to different measuring modes, and adjust the frequency and the waveform.
2. The undersea substrate small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the middle layer of the support frame is also provided with a deepwater CTD.
3. The undersea substrate small-scale in-situ acoustic imaging system of claim 1, wherein: and a plurality of heavy blocks are also arranged on the periphery of the middle layer of the support frame.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115598217A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-01-13 | 自然资源部第二海洋研究所（Cn） | Device and method for in-situ measurement of low-frequency acoustic characteristics of seabed sediment layer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115598217A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-01-13 | 自然资源部第二海洋研究所（Cn） | Device and method for in-situ measurement of low-frequency acoustic characteristics of seabed sediment layer |
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