CN214705151U - Pericardiocentesis operation training system - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides a pericardiocentesis operation training system which comprises a pericardiocentesis operation training model, wherein the pericardiocentesis operation training model is obtained by three-dimensional printing; the pericardiocentesis operation training model comprises a heart model and a pericardium model, and the heart model comprises a heart cavity; the pericardium model is wrapped outside the heart model, and the inner surface of the pericardium model is at least partially attached to the outer surface of the heart model; the pericardial model includes a pericardial space containing a first fluid; the training system for the pericardiocentesis operation also comprises a blood circulation simulation mechanism connected with the heart model, and the blood circulation simulation mechanism is used for providing a second fluid into the heart cavity according to a preset frequency and amplitude to simulate the heart beating. The application provides a pericardiocentesis operation training system, can simulate real heart beating state, improves the fidelity of pericardiocentesis operation training model.

Description

Pericardiocentesis operation training system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, especially, relate to pericardium puncture operation training system.

Background

Pericardial effusion is a common clinical condition, which refers to fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity caused by infection and non-infection, and is one of the important signs of pericardial diseases, and the main pathophysiology changes into that the pressure in the pericardial cavity is increased, the filling and discharging amount of ventricles is reduced, and the diastole is limited, so that the return of the body vein is blocked. Pericardiocentesis is an acute pericardial stuffing emergency treatment measure and an important method for diagnosing pericardial effusion and treating pericardial injection drugs, but fatal complications such as coronary artery injury, myocardial injury and the like can occur in the process of pericardiocentesis.

Therefore, when performing pericardial puncture, it is necessary to accurately grasp the heart structure, puncture point, puncture depth, and other puncture points of the patient, and the cardiac pulsation also has a certain influence on the pericardial puncture. However, the existing training model for the pericardiocentesis operation cannot simulate the heart beating state, and the fidelity of the training model for the pericardiocentesis operation needs to be improved.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The embodiment of the utility model provides a pericardiocentesis operation training system can simulate real heart state of beating, improves the fidelity of pericardiocentesis operation training model.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a pericardiocentesis operation training system, which comprises a pericardiocentesis operation training model, wherein the pericardiocentesis operation training model is obtained by three-dimensional printing;

the pericardiocentesis surgery training model comprises a heart model and a pericardium model, and the heart model comprises a heart cavity; the pericardium model is wrapped outside the heart model, and the inner surface of the pericardium model is at least partially attached to the outer surface of the heart model;

the pericardial model includes a pericardial cavity containing a first fluid therein;

the training system for the pericardial puncture surgery further comprises a blood circulation simulation mechanism connected with the heart model, wherein the blood circulation simulation mechanism is used for providing a second fluid into the heart cavity according to a preset frequency and amplitude so as to simulate the heart beating.

In one possible embodiment, the pericardial model and the heart model are both elastic members; and/or the pericardium model and the heart model are both formed by three-dimensional printing of elastic materials.

In a possible embodiment, the heart model further comprises myocardial tissue, the interior of which forms the heart chamber.

In a possible embodiment, the pericardial model further comprises a first layer of tissue and a second layer of tissue, and the first layer of tissue and the second layer of tissue enclose to form the pericardial cavity.

In a possible embodiment, the training system satisfies at least one of the following features a to c:

a. the tensile strength of the myocardial tissue is 0.1 to 1.0 Mpa;

b. the elongation at break of the myocardial tissue is 100% to 500%;

c. the shore hardness of the myocardial tissue is 5A to 20A.

In a possible embodiment, the training system satisfies at least one of the following features a to e:

a. the elongation at break of the first layer tissue and the elongation at break of the second layer tissue are both smaller than the elongation at break of the myocardial tissue;

b. the tensile strength of the first layer tissue and the second layer tissue is 1.0Mpa to 5.0 Mpa;

c. the elongation at break of the first layer tissue and the second layer tissue is 100% to 500%;

d. the shore hardness of the first layer tissue and the second layer tissue is 20A to 50A;

e. the first layer of tissue and the second layer of tissue have a thickness of D mm, and 0< D < 3.

In one possible embodiment, the pericardial model is removably attached to the heart model.

In a possible embodiment, the training system for pericardiocentesis operation further comprises a pericardial effusion supply mechanism connected with the pericardial model, and the pericardial effusion supply mechanism is used for inputting the first fluid into the pericardial cavity.

In one possible embodiment, the pericardial model is provided with a first opening through which the pericardial effusion supply mechanism inputs the first fluid into the pericardial space.

In one possible embodiment, the pericardial effusion supply mechanism includes a first powered pump, a first connection tube, a first reservoir, and a first controller connected to the first powered pump, the controller controlling the first powered pump to input a predetermined amount of a first fluid into the pericardial cavity.

In one possible embodiment, the pericardial effusion supply mechanism further includes a first data receiver for receiving pericardial effusion data of the patient, the first controller controlling the first powered pump based on the pericardial effusion data.

In one possible embodiment, the blood circulation simulation mechanism further comprises a second power pump, a second connection tube, a second reservoir and a second controller, the second controller is connected with the second power pump, and the second controller controls the second power pump to provide a second fluid into the heart chamber according to a predetermined frequency and amplitude to simulate the heart beat.

In a possible embodiment, the blood circulation simulation mechanism further comprises a second data receiver for receiving heartbeat data of the patient, the second controller controlling the second powered pump based on the heartbeat data.

In one possible embodiment, the first fluid is different from the second fluid.

In a possible embodiment, the training model for pericardiocentesis surgery further includes a blood vessel model connected to the heart model, and the blood circulation simulation mechanism is connected to the heart model through the blood vessel model.

In a possible embodiment, the training model for pericardiocentesis further comprises a thoracic bone model and a skin model, the skin model is wrapped outside the thoracic bone model, and the heart model is positioned inside the thoracic bone model and is fixedly arranged relative to the thoracic bone model and the skin model, wherein the thoracic bone model is a hard component and the skin model is an elastic component.

In a possible embodiment, the heart model is detachably connected to the thoracic bone model and/or the heart model is detachably connected to the skin model.

In one possible embodiment, the skin model is a transparent member.

In one possible embodiment, at least two of the heart model, the pericardium model, the blood vessel model, the thoracic skeleton model, and the skin model are different in color.

In one possible embodiment, the training system for pericardiocentesis surgery further comprises a body position adjusting device;

the body position adjusting device comprises a fixing mechanism and an adjusting mechanism, the fixing mechanism is used for fixing the training model for the pericardiocentesis operation, and the adjusting mechanism is used for changing the body position of the training model for the pericardiocentesis operation.

The utility model provides a pericardiocentesis operation training system, through setting up blood circulation analog mechanism, to heart intracavity input fluid of heart model with simulation blood circulation, the heart model can expand and contract with the state of simulation heart beat with the supply of fluid is followed to the in-process of heart circulation supply fluid with simulation blood circulation at blood circulation analog mechanism to the heart chamber, make pericardiocentesis operation training go on under the environment of simulating human heart beat, be favorable to realizing more truly simulation pericardiocentesis operation training environment, can be convenient for youth doctor's teaching and cultivation, also can further improve the operation success rate in order to realize accurate medical treatment.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a training system for a pericardiocentesis operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a training model for a pericardiocentesis operation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a schematic cut-away view of a training model for pericardiocentesis surgery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a pericardial effusion supply mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a blood circulation simulation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a training model for a pericardiocentesis operation according to an embodiment of the present application.

100-pericardiocentesis surgical training system;

10-training model of pericardiocentesis operation;

11-heart model, 111-myocardial tissue, 112-heart chamber;

12-pericardial model, 121-first layer of tissue, 122-second layer of tissue, 123-pericardial space;

13-blood vessel model, 14-thoracic skeleton model, 15-skin model; 20-a pericardial effusion supply mechanism;

21-a first controller, 22-a first power pump, 23-a first connecting pipe, 24-a first liquid storage tank; 30-a blood circulation simulation mechanism;

31-a second controller, 32-a second power pump, 33-a second connecting pipe, 34-a second liquid storage tank.

Detailed Description

For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed descriptions of the embodiments of the present invention are provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one type of association that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a training system for a pericardiocentesis operation provided in an embodiment of the present application, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a training model for a pericardiocentesis operation provided in an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 3 is a schematic sectional diagram of the training model for a pericardiocentesis operation provided in an embodiment of the present application; as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the training system 100 for pericardiocentesis surgery includes a training model 10 for pericardiocentesis surgery, wherein the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis surgery is obtained by three-dimensional printing.

The training model 10 for the pericardiocentesis operation comprises a heart model 11 and a pericardium model 12, wherein the heart model 11 comprises a heart cavity 112, the pericardium model 12 is wrapped on the outer side of the heart model 11, and the inner surface of the pericardium model 12 is at least partially attached to the outer surface of the heart model 11;

the pericardial model 12 includes a pericardial cavity 123, the pericardial cavity 123 containing a first fluid therein;

the pericardial puncture training system 100 further comprises a blood circulation simulation mechanism 30 connected to the heart model 11, the blood circulation simulation mechanism 30 being configured to provide a second fluid at a predetermined frequency and amplitude into the heart chamber 112 to simulate the heart beat.

In order to realize that the heart model 11 simulates the heart beat and to enable the pericardium model 12 to be punctured, both the heart model 11 and the pericardium model 12 are elastic components. Specifically, the heart model 11 and the pericardium model 12 may be formed using an elastic material and using three-dimensional printing. Illustratively, the elastic material comprises, by weight, 10-90% of a soft monomer, 0-90% of a hard monomer, 0-20% of a cross-linking agent, 0-20% of a non-reactive soft resin, 0.5-10% of a photoinitiator, 0-0.5% of a colorant, 0.05-8% of an auxiliary agent, and 0-20% of a filler.

Further, the first fluid is different from the second fluid, wherein the first fluid is used to simulate a pericardial effusion and the second fluid is used to simulate blood. In particular, the first fluid may be any type of fluid, in particular a gas or a liquid. Since the body fluid of the human body is liquid. In this embodiment, the first fluid and the second fluid are preferably liquids.

In the pericardiocentesis operation, the pericardium needs to be punctured to extract effusion in the pericardium without touching the heart, so in order to evaluate whether the puncture needle touches the heart in the operation training, the first fluid and the second fluid are different in color in the embodiment. For example, the first fluid may be a colorless transparent fluid and the second fluid may be a red fluid. When the color of the fluid extracted in the operation training is colorless and transparent, the heart is not punctured by the puncture needle in the pericardial puncture operation training process; when the extracted fluid contains red fluid, the puncture needle may be considered to puncture the heart. By providing the first fluid and the second fluid in different colors, the determination of the surgical training results may be facilitated. In some embodiments, the first fluid is preferably a fluid having a viscosity similar to that of pericardial effusion and the second fluid is preferably a fluid having a viscosity similar to that of blood. In other embodiments, the first fluid and the second fluid may also have different compositions, for example, the first fluid may be a colorless and transparent fluid without impurities; the second fluid may be a light red fluid and contain flocculent or particulate matter (simulating proteins in blood) to facilitate determination of the result of the surgical training.

The volume of the first fluid in the pericardial model 12 of the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis surgery may be preset, and specifically, the training system for pericardiocentesis surgery provided in the embodiment of the present application may be used for preoperative surgery simulation and planning, and may also be used for teaching and training of young physicians. When used for pre-operative surgical simulation and planning, it is desirable that the state of the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis be substantially the same as the patient's actual condition, and thus, the volume of the first fluid in the pericardial model 12 may be determined based on the patient's actual condition. For example, the volume of the first fluid in the pericardial model 12 may be determined based on the actual amount of pericardial effusion of the patient determined according to the medical image data of the patient, so that the state of the pericardial effusion of the patient may be simulated more truly, so that a doctor may perform surgery simulation and planning in a more realistic environment, which is beneficial to further improving the success rate of surgery.

As shown in fig. 3, the heart model 11 specifically includes a myocardial tissue 111, and a heart chamber 112 is formed inside the myocardial tissue 111. In order to simulate the pulsation of the heart model 11, in the present embodiment, the tensile strength of the myocardial tissue 111 is 0.1MPa to 1.0MPa, and specifically, may be 0.1MPa, 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.8MPa, 0.9MPa, or 1.0MPa, and the like, which is not limited herein. The elongation at break of the myocardial tissue 111 is 100% to 500%, and specifically, may be 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%, 350%, 400%, 450%, or 500%, and the like, and is not limited thereto. The shore hardness of the myocardial tissue 111 is 5A-20A, and may be 5A, 7A, 9A, 10A, 12A, 15A, 18A, 20A, or the like, which is not limited herein. The material of the myocardial tissue 111 may specifically include, by mass, 10% of urethane acrylate, 59.6% of ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate, 20% of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 8% of polyester glycol, 2% of 2,4,6 (trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, 0.3% of p-methoxyphenol, and 0.1% of polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane (surfactant).

In the present embodiment, the thickness of the myocardial tissue 111 may be determined from the medical image data; to ensure that the heart model 11 can truly simulate the beating state of the heart, the thickness of the myocardial tissue 111 may also be determined based on the material forming the myocardial tissue 111 in order to simulate the heart beating.

As shown in fig. 2, at least a portion of the pericardial model 12 covers the blood vessels connected to the heart model 11, and pericardiocentesis surgery is required to avoid puncturing not only the heart but also the blood vessels connected to the heart. Therefore, the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis surgery further includes a blood vessel model 13 connected to the heart model 11, a blood vessel cavity is formed inside the blood vessel model 13, the blood vessel model 13 is connected to the heart model 11, and the blood circulation simulation mechanism 30 is connected to the heart model 11 through the blood vessel model 13.

As shown in fig. 3, the pericardial model 12 includes a first layer of tissue 121 and a second layer of tissue 122, the first layer of tissue 121 and the second layer of tissue 122 enclose to form the pericardial cavity 123, wherein the first layer of tissue 121 is a portion close to the heart model 11. Specifically, the first fluid in the pericardial model 12 may be pre-formed between the first layer 121 and the second layer 122 when the first layer 121 and the second layer 122 are formed, or may be perfused into the pericardial cavity 123 between the first layer 121 and the second layer 122 after the first layer 121 and the second layer 122 are formed, which is not particularly limited in this application.

Illustratively, in obtaining the pericardial model 12 by a three-dimensional printing technique, the first layer of tissue 121 and the second layer of tissue 122 are formed using a curable material, and the portion between the first layer of tissue 121 and the second layer of tissue 122 is formed using a non-curable material, i.e., a first fluid.

In other embodiments, the first layer of tissue 121 and the second layer of tissue 122 of the pericardial model 12 may be obtained by printing based on a three-dimensional printing technology, and a first opening is provided on the first layer of tissue 121 and the second layer of tissue 122, and after the printing of the pericardial model 12 is completed, the first fluid is perfused into the pericardial cavity 123 through the first opening and then the first opening is closed. The first layer of tissue 121 and the second layer of tissue 122 are formed by printing with an elastic material, which can be made elastic and can more realistically simulate the pericardial tissue of a patient.

To ensure the pierceability of the pericardial model 12 and to facilitate the wrapping of the pericardial model 12 onto the heart model 11, the thickness of the first layer of tissue 121 and the second layer of tissue 122 is D mm, and 0< D < 3. Specifically, the thickness of the first layer tissue 121 is 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, 1.5mm2.0mm, 2.5mm, 2.9mm, or the like; the thickness of the second layer of tissue 122 may be the same as or different from the thickness of the first layer of tissue 121, and is not limited herein.

The tensile strength of the first layer structure 121 and the tensile strength of the second layer structure 122 are both 1.0MPa to 5MPa, and specifically may be 1.0MPa, 1.5MPa, 1.8MPa, 2.0MPa, 2.5MPa, 3.0MPa, 3.5MPa, 4.0MPa, 4.5MPa, or 5.0MPa, and the like, which is not limited herein. The elongation at break of the first layer 121 and the second layer 122 is 100% to 500%, and specifically, may be 100%, 150%, 200%, 250%, 300%, 350%, 400%, 450%, or 500%, and so on, and is not limited herein. The shore hardness of each of the first layer 121 and the second layer 122 may be 20A-50A, and specifically may be 20A, 25A, 27A, 29A, 30A, 35A, 40A, 45A, or 50A, and the like, which is not limited herein. The specific materials of the first layer structure 121 and the second layer structure 122 may specifically include, by mass, 15% of urethane acrylate, 37.6% of 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate, 20% of isobornyl acrylate, 20% of trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 5% of polyester diol, 2% of 2,4,6 (trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide, 0.3% of p-methoxyphenol, and 0.1% of polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane (surfactant).

In general, since the thickness of the myocardial tissue 111 is greater than the thicknesses of the first layer tissue 121 and the second layer tissue 122, in order to enable the myocardial tissue 111 to jump and enable the first layer tissue 121 and the second layer tissue 122 to maintain a specific shape, in the present embodiment, the elongation at break of each of the first layer tissue 121 and the second layer tissue 122 is smaller than the elongation at break of the myocardial tissue 111.

In this embodiment, the tensile strength is obtained based on the test standard GB/T528-.

Further, since the training of the pericardiocentesis operation requires puncturing the training model 10 to extract the effusion from the pericardium in the pericardium model 12, the pericardium model 11 is not damaged if the operation is successful, that is, the pericardiocentesis operation training requires puncturing the pericardium model 12 with a puncturing needle every time, when the puncturing needle is taken out of the pericardium model 12, a puncturing hole is left in the pericardium model 12, and the training model 10 cannot be used repeatedly by infusing the first fluid again. In order to reduce the waste of resources, in this embodiment, the pericardium model 12 is detachably connected to the heart model 11, that is, only the punctured pericardium model 12 needs to be replaced after each surgical training. It should be noted that during the surgical training, there may be cases where the heart model 11 is punctured due to incorrect manipulation or the like, and the heart model 11 needs to be replaced at the same time. In other embodiments, the pericardial model 12 may also be formed of a "self-healing" material, i.e., when the puncture needle is removed from the pericardial model 12, the puncture hole formed by the puncture needle on the pericardial model 12 will "self-heal" without affecting the reuse of the pericardial model 12.

In order to facilitate perfusion of a first fluid into the pericardial cavity 12, the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis further includes a pericardial effusion supply mechanism 20, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the pericardial effusion supply mechanism provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure, and as shown in fig. 4, a first opening is provided on the pericardial cavity 12, and the pericardial effusion supply mechanism 20 is connected to the pericardial cavity 12 through the first opening to input the first fluid into the pericardial cavity 123. Specifically, the pericardial effusion supply mechanism 20 may include a first power pump 22, a first connection pipe 23, a first reservoir 24, and a first controller 21, wherein the first controller 21 is connected to the first power pump 22, and the first controller 21 controls the first power pump 22 to input a predetermined amount of a first fluid into the pericardial cavity 123.

Since the actual effusion state of each person is different, in order to ensure the fidelity of the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis surgery, the pericardial effusion supply mechanism 20 may further include a first data receiver, the first data receiver is configured to receive pericardial effusion data of the patient, the first data receiver is electrically connected to the first controller 21, the first controller 21 controls the first power pump 22 based on the pericardial effusion data received by the first data receiver, for example, the first data receiver may be connected to a medical imaging device to receive image data acquired by the imaging device, and the first controller 21 determines pericardial effusion data of the patient, such as pericardial effusion quantity, based on the image data received by the first data receiver, and controls the operation of the first power pump 22.

In order to truly simulate the beating state of the human heart, the training system 100 further comprises a blood circulation simulation mechanism 30 connected with the heart model 11. Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a blood circulation supply mechanism in an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 5, the blood circulation simulation mechanism 30 includes a second power pump 32, a second connection pipe 33, a second liquid storage tank 34 and a second controller 31, wherein the heart model 11 includes a second opening and a third opening, and the second connection pipe 33 connects the second liquid storage tank 34, the second power pump 32 and the second opening, the third opening and the second liquid storage tank 34 in series. In this embodiment, the second and third openings may be openings provided at the blood vessels connected to the heart chamber 112.

Specifically, the second opening is provided in at least one of a superior vena cava vessel, an inferior vena cava vessel, a left pulmonary vein vessel, and a right pulmonary vein vessel, and the third opening is provided in at least one of an aorta vessel and a pulmonary artery vessel. When the heart model 11 has a plurality of second openings or a plurality of third openings, the second connection pipe 33 may be connected to the plurality of second openings or the plurality of third openings at the same time, or may be connected to only one of the second openings or the third openings, and the other openings may be sealed with a sealing member. Wherein the second power pump 32 may be a roller pump; the second controller 31 controls the second powered pump 32 to provide a second fluid into the chamber at a predetermined frequency and amplitude to simulate the heart beat. In practical application, since the heart beating states of each person are different, and the heart beating states of the same person in different states are different, generally, in order to prevent the patient from coughing, anxiety or other conditions affecting the heart beating during the operation, the patient needs to take stabilizing or codeine medicines before the operation to prevent accidents during the operation, in this embodiment, in order to simulate a more real operation environment, the blood circulation simulation mechanism 30 includes a second data receiver for receiving the heart beating data of the patient in a resting state, and the second controller 31 controls the second power pump 32 based on the heart beating data received by the second data receiver; wherein the second data receiver may be connected to a medical device for measuring the heart beat of the patient, such as an electrocardiogram device or the like.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a training model for pericardiocentesis surgery provided in an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 6, since a pericardium is located inside a human body, when performing pericardiocentesis surgery, a puncture needle needs to penetrate through skin of the epidermis of the human body and bypass tissues such as a thoracic bone to reach a pericardium model 12, in order to ensure the authenticity of simulation of pericardiocentesis surgery, as shown in fig. 6, a training model 10 for pericardiocentesis surgery may further include a thoracic bone model 14 and a skin model 15, the skin model 15 is wrapped outside the thoracic bone model 14, the heart model 11 is located inside the thoracic bone model 14 and is fixedly disposed in a thoracic cavity relative to the thoracic bone model 14 and the skin model 15, so that a relative positional relationship between the heart model 11 and the thoracic bone model 14 and the skin model 15 can be simulated and puncture training is facilitated, which is beneficial to improving the authenticity of surgical training, further ensuring the success rate of the operation.

The thoracic cavity bone model 14 is a hard component, and can be made of hard material and formed by three-dimensional printing. Illustratively, the hard material may include, by weight, 5 to 50% of a vinyl oligomer, 35 to 95% of a vinyl monomer, 0.5 to 10% of a photoinitiator, 0 to 0.5% of a colorant, and 0.05 to 8% of an auxiliary agent.

The skin model 15 is an elastic member, and the skin model 15 can be formed by three-dimensional printing using an elastic material. Preferably, in order to facilitate observation of the heart model 11 and the thoracic bone model 14 inside the human skin model 15, the skin model 15 is a transparent member, specifically, an elastic material is a transparent material, so that the skin model 15 is formed as a transparent member; the transparent material is a material with light transmittance of more than 10%, preferably a material with light transmittance of more than 40%, and more preferably a material with light transmittance of more than 80%, so that the printed skin model has certain transparency.

In order to increase the reuse rate of the components, the heart model 11 is detachably connected with the chest bone model 14, and/or the heart model 11 is detachably connected with the skin model 15.

Specifically, the thoracic skeleton model 14 includes a rib model located on the front side of the human body and a spine model located on the back side of the human body, and the heart model 11 may be fixed inside the thoracic cavity by being connected to the rib model and the spine model, specifically, the front side of the heart model 11 is detachably connected to the rib model, and the back side of the heart model 11 is detachably connected to the spine model.

To facilitate distinguishing between different human tissues, at least two of the heart model 11, the pericardium model 12, the blood vessel model 13, the thoracic skeleton model 14, and the skin model 15 are different in color. Specifically, the color of the heart model 11 is different from the color of the pericardium model 12, or the color of the heart model 11 and the pericardium model 12 is different from the color of the thoracic cavity skeleton model 14, or the color of the thoracic cavity skeleton model 14 is different from the color of the skin model 15, and in practical application, different tissue attributes can be set according to different requirements so as to distinguish different human tissues. For example, the colorants in the printed material may be adjusted to achieve different colors for different models as the different models are printed.

Further, the pericardial puncture operation needs to select a proper puncture body position according to the actual conditions of different patients, that is, different patients may need to puncture in different puncture body positions, and therefore medical personnel also need to perform puncture training in different puncture body positions. Specifically, in this embodiment, the training system 100 for pericardiocentesis operation further includes a body position adjusting device, the body position adjusting device includes a fixing mechanism and an adjusting mechanism, the fixing mechanism is used for fixing the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis operation, the adjusting mechanism is used for changing the body position of the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis operation, and the adjusting mechanism may be an angle adjusting bracket. Specifically, the pericardiocentesis position may be a semi-decubitus position, a lateral decubitus position, a supine position, or the like. In practical operation, a user can obtain different pericardium puncture body positions by adjusting the fixing mechanism and/or the adjusting mechanism so as to perform pericardium puncture operation training in different puncture body positions.

In the embodiment of the present application, the pericardium model 12 and the heart model 11 are both elastic members, and more specifically, the pericardium model 12 has a puncture property and can be wrapped on the outer surface of the heart model 11, and the heart model 11 has a jumping property.

In this embodiment, the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis surgery may be obtained based on any type of three-dimensional Printing, for example, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective light curing Modeling (SLA), direct jet three-dimensional Modeling (MJP), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), and multiple jet Fusion Modeling (MJF), and accordingly, the material used for forming the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis surgery may be resin, nylon, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer rubber, or plastic, which is not particularly limited in this embodiment, and may be selected according to actual needs. Specifically, taking the direct injection three-dimensional molding technique as an example, the material used for forming the training model 10 for pericardiocentesis operation may be a light-cured resin material. The light curable resin material may further include a colorant, which may have different colors according to the type or ratio of the colorant.

The following describes a method for using the training system 100 for pericardiocentesis surgery based on three-dimensional printing in the embodiment of the present application:

(1) fixing the pericardial model 12 to the surface of the heart model 11, fixing the heart model 11 to the skin model 15 and/or the thoracic skeleton model 14;

(2) fixing the training model 10 for the pericardiocentesis operation to a body position adjusting device, specifically, fixing the training model 10 for the pericardiocentesis operation by using a fixing mechanism, and adjusting an adjusting mechanism to adjust the training model 10 for the pericardiocentesis operation to a predetermined puncture body position;

(3) the first controller 21 receives the pericardial effusion data of the patient and controls the first power pump 22 to work, and controls the first power pump 22 to stop working after inputting the first fluid in the first fluid storage tank 24 into the pericardial cavity 123 of the pericardial model 12;

(4) the second controller 31 receives the patient's heartbeat data and controls the second powered pump 32 to operate to infuse the second fluid in the second reservoir 34 from the second opening into the heart chamber 112 of the heart model 11 and back into the second reservoir 34 from the third opening, simulating heart beats by controlling the second powered pump 32 to provide the second fluid into the heart chamber at a predetermined frequency and amplitude;

(5) using a puncture needle to perform simulated puncture;

(6) after the puncture is completed, the second fluid is recovered and the second power pump 32 is deactivated.

The utility model provides a pericardiocentesis operation training system, through setting up blood circulation analog mechanism, to heart intracavity input fluid of heart model with simulation blood circulation, the heart model can expand and contract with the state of simulation heart beat with the supply of fluid is followed to the in-process of heart circulation supply fluid with simulation blood circulation at blood circulation analog mechanism to the heart chamber, make pericardiocentesis operation training go on under the environment of simulating human heart beat, be favorable to realizing more truly simulation pericardiocentesis operation training environment, can be convenient for youth doctor's teaching and cultivation, also can further improve the operation success rate in order to realize accurate medical treatment.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (20)

1. A training system for a pericardiocentesis operation comprises a pericardiocentesis operation training model, and is characterized in that the pericardiocentesis operation training model is obtained by three-dimensional printing;

the pericardiocentesis surgery training model comprises a heart model and a pericardium model, and the heart model comprises a heart cavity; the pericardium model is wrapped outside the heart model, and the inner surface of the pericardium model is at least partially attached to the outer surface of the heart model;

the pericardial model includes a pericardial cavity containing a first fluid therein;

the training system for the pericardial puncture surgery further comprises a blood circulation simulation mechanism connected with the heart model, wherein the blood circulation simulation mechanism is used for providing a second fluid into the heart cavity according to a preset frequency and amplitude so as to simulate the heart beating.

2. The training system of claim 1, wherein the pericardial model and the cardiac model are both elastic members; and/or the pericardium model and the heart model are both formed by three-dimensional printing of elastic materials.

3. Training system according to claim 1, wherein the heart model further comprises myocardial tissue, inside which the heart chamber is formed.

4. The training system of claim 3, wherein the pericardial model further comprises a first layer of tissue and a second layer of tissue, the first layer of tissue and the second layer of tissue enclosing between them to form the pericardial space.

5. Training system according to claim 3, characterized in that it satisfies at least one of the following features a to c:

a. the tensile strength of the myocardial tissue is 0.1 to 1.0 Mpa;

b. the elongation at break of the myocardial tissue is 100% to 500%;

c. the shore hardness of the myocardial tissue is 5A to 20A.

6. Training system according to claim 4, characterized in that it satisfies at least one of the following features a to e:

a. the elongation at break of the first layer tissue and the second layer tissue is less than the elongation at break of the myocardial tissue;

b. the tensile strength of the first layer tissue and the second layer tissue is 1.0Mpa to 5.0 Mpa;

c. the elongation at break of the first layer tissue and the second layer tissue is 100% to 500%;

d. the shore hardness of the first layer tissue and the second layer tissue is 20A to 50A;

e. the first layer of tissue and the second layer of tissue have a thickness of D mm, and 0< D < 3.

7. The training system of claim 1, wherein the pericardial model is removably attached to the heart model.

8. The training system of claim 1, wherein the pericardial puncture surgery training system further comprises a pericardial effusion supply mechanism coupled to the pericardial model for inputting the first fluid into the pericardial space.

9. The training system of claim 8, wherein the pericardial dummy is provided with a first opening through which the pericardial effusion supply mechanism inputs the first fluid into the pericardial space.

10. The training system of claim 8, wherein the pericardial effusion supply mechanism comprises a first powered pump, a first connection tube, a first reservoir, and a first controller coupled to the first powered pump, the controller controlling the first powered pump to input a predetermined amount of a first fluid into the pericardial cavity.

11. The training system of claim 10, wherein the pericardial effusion supply mechanism further comprises a first data receiver for receiving pericardial effusion data for a patient, the first controller controlling the first powered pump based on the pericardial effusion data.

12. The training system of claim 1, wherein the blood circulation simulation mechanism further comprises a second powered pump, a second connecting tube, a second reservoir, and a second controller, the second controller being connected to the second powered pump, the second controller controlling the second powered pump to provide a second fluid into the heart chamber at a predetermined frequency and amplitude to simulate heart beats.

13. The training system of claim 12, wherein the blood circulation simulation mechanism further comprises a second data receiver for receiving heartbeat data of a patient, the second controller controlling the second powered pump based on the heartbeat data.

14. The training system of claim 1, wherein the first fluid is different from the second fluid.

15. The training system of claim 1, wherein the pericardial puncture procedure training model further comprises a vessel model coupled to the heart model, the blood circulation simulation mechanism being coupled to the heart model via the vessel model.

16. The training system of claim 15, wherein the pericardial puncture training model further comprises a thoracic bone model and a skin model, the skin model being wrapped outside the thoracic bone model, the heart model being positioned inside the thoracic bone model and being fixedly disposed relative to the thoracic bone model and the skin model, wherein the thoracic bone model is a rigid member and the skin model is an elastomeric member.

17. Training system according to claim 16, wherein the heart model is detachably connected to the chest bone model and/or the heart model is detachably connected to the skin model.

18. Training system according to claim 16, wherein the skin model is a transparent part.

19. The training system of claim 16, wherein at least two of the heart model, pericardial model, blood vessel model, thoracic skeleton model, and skin model are different colors.

20. Training system according to any of claims 1-19, wherein the pericardial puncture surgery training system further comprises a body position adjustment device;

the body position adjusting device comprises a fixing mechanism and an adjusting mechanism, the fixing mechanism is used for fixing the training model for the pericardiocentesis operation, and the adjusting mechanism is used for changing the body position of the training model for the pericardiocentesis operation.

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