CN214670162U - Power management circuit and electronic device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a power management circuit and have this power management circuit's electron device belongs to the microcontroller field. The power management circuit includes: the device comprises a power input unit, an overcurrent protection module, a power switch, an MCU (micro control unit), a control module and a power output unit; the power input unit is connected with the overcurrent protection module and is used for being connected into a power circuit; the overcurrent protection module is respectively connected with the power switch and the control module and is used for limiting the current output by the circuit; the MCU is connected with the control module, and the control module is connected with the power switch; the power switch is connected with the power output unit and used for controlling the output of the power supply; the power output unit is used for connecting with electric equipment. The power management circuit has the advantages of simple structure, light volume and low cost.

Description

Power management circuit and electronic device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a microcontroller field particularly, relates to a power management circuit and electron device.

Background

With the popularization of photovoltaic power generation technology, electronic equipment working in a field environment is often powered by solar energy. In a set of field work automation integrated system, there are various sensors, execution devices and industrial instruments, all devices communicate with each other by means of various industrial buses, one of the devices is generally responsible for the management of the system, and the device, besides communicating with peripheral devices, often needs to output power to external power utilization devices. Due to the power saving requirement, the output power needs to be managed, and the external device is prevented from interfering with the normal operation of other devices when the external device fails.

In a general industrial application environment, an overcurrent protection circuit, a power management circuit and an isolation circuit often work independently, and each circuit module has numerous components and large occupied space and is not suitable for field environment operation. The traditional overcurrent protection circuit consists of a current sampling circuit, a comparator, a reference and other elements, needs a special integrated chip and is high in price.

Therefore, how to provide a low-cost power management circuit suitable for field operations is a problem to be urgently solved by those skilled in the field of microcontrollers.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a power management circuit, its simple structure, small, low cost.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device, which includes a PCB substrate and the present invention provides an arbitrary power management circuit, which is suitable for field operation.

The utility model discloses a realize like this:

a power management circuit, comprising: the device comprises a power input unit, an overcurrent protection module, a power switch, an MCU (micro control unit), a control module and a power output unit; the power input unit is connected with the overcurrent protection module and is used for being connected into a power circuit; the overcurrent protection module is respectively connected with the power switch and the control module and is used for limiting the current output by the circuit; the MCU is connected with the control module, and the control module is connected with the power switch; the power switch is connected with the power output unit and used for controlling the output of the power supply; the power output unit is used for connecting with electric equipment.

Further, the overcurrent protection module and the control module both comprise a resistor and a transistor, and the power switch comprises a PMOS tube.

Further, the over-current protection module is configured to: when the current flowing through the overcurrent protection module exceeds a limit value, outputting a signal to a power switch, and disconnecting the power supply output; when the current flowing through the cutoff overcurrent protection module is lower than a limit value, a signal is output to the power switch, and the power supply output is switched on.

Further, the overcurrent protection module comprises a resistor and a triode, and the triode is a PNP type triode.

Further, the control module is configured to: when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller outputs a low level, the power switch is controlled to be switched off; and when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller outputs a high level, controlling the power switch to be switched on.

Further, the control module comprises an NMOS tube and at least three resistors.

Further, still include: the isolation module is used for isolating the MCU microcontroller from the load circuit, and the MCU microcontroller is connected with the control module through the isolation module; the isolation module comprises a first connecting end, a second connecting end, a third connecting end and a fourth connecting end, and the MCU is connected with the first connecting end; the third connecting end is connected with the control module; the power input unit is connected with the fourth connecting end.

Further, the isolation module is configured to: when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller outputs a high level, the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are conducted; when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller outputs a low level, the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are disconnected.

Further, the isolation module includes a resistor and a coupler.

An electronic device, includes the PCB base plate and the utility model provides an arbitrary power management circuit.

The utility model provides a technical scheme's beneficial effect includes:

compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a power management circuit has following beneficial effect at least: the overcurrent protection module, the MCU, the control module and the like are integrated into the same circuit, so that the circuit layout design is simplified, and the occupied space is reduced; the overcurrent protection module and the power switch are utilized to protect the circuit, so that the power is saved, the energy is saved, and the solar energy power supply device is more suitable for the working environment of field solar power supply; because the overcurrent protection module and the control module are both connected with the power switch, the dual-module control can be realized, circuit components are simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an alternative embodiment of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an alternative embodiment of a power management circuit provided by the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an alternative embodiment of a power management circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of another alternative embodiment of the power management circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Icon: 1-a power input unit; 2-an overcurrent protection unit; 3-a power switch; 4-a power input unit; 5-MCU microcontroller; 6-a control module; 7-an isolation module; 71-a first connection end; 72-a second connection end; 73-a third connection end; 74-fourth connection end; r1 — first resistance; r2 — second resistance; r3 — third resistance; r4-fourth resistor; r5-fifth resistor; r6-sixth resistance; r7 — seventh resistor; Q1-PMOS tube; q2-triode; Q3-NMOS tube; u1-coupler.

Detailed Description

To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention are combined to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an optional implementation of a power management circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment provides a power management circuit, including: the device comprises a power input unit 1, an overcurrent protection module 2, a power switch 3, an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) 5, a control module 6 and a power output unit 4. The power input unit 1 is connected with the overcurrent protection module 2, the overcurrent protection module 2 is respectively connected with the power switch 3 and the control module 6, the MCU 5 is connected with the control module 6, the control module 6 is connected with the power switch 3, and the power switch 3 is connected with the power output unit 4.

The power input unit 4 can be a switch power supply, or other components capable of providing power output, such as a battery, etc., and current flows out from the power input unit 1, passes through the overcurrent protection module 2 and the power switch 3, flows to the power output unit 4, and provides power supply for external equipment. The overcurrent protection module 2 controls the power switch 3 to be switched off or on by monitoring the current in the circuit, and the control module 6 receives a control signal from the MCU 5 and controls the power switch 3 to be switched off or on.

The function of this embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 2, and fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an alternative embodiment of the power management circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the overcurrent protection module 2 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, and a transistor Q2; the control module 6 comprises a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5 and an NMOS transistor Q3; the power switch 3 includes a PMOS transistor Q1. The power input unit 1 is connected with an emitter E of a triode Q2 and one end of a first resistor R1, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with a source electrode of a PMOS tube Q1, one end of a second resistor R2 is connected with a base electrode B of a triode Q2, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected with a path between the first resistor R1 and the PMOS tube Q1 and is simultaneously connected with one end of a third resistor R3, the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected with a grid electrode of the PMOS tube Q1, a collector C of the triode Q2 is connected with one end of a fourth resistor R4 and is simultaneously connected with a path between the third resistor R3 and the PMOS tube Q1, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected with a drain electrode of an NMOS tube Q3, the source electrode of the NMOS tube Q3 is digitally grounded, the grid electrode of the NMOS tube Q3 is connected with one ends of an MCU microcontroller 5 and a fifth resistor R5, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is digitally grounded.

In this embodiment, the MCU microcontroller 5 is configured to output a control signal to control power output to the external power device. When the control signal of the MCU microcontroller 5 outputs a high level, the gate-to-ground voltage of the NMOS transistor Q3 is pulled to exceed the turn-on voltage of the NMOS transistor Q3, and the NMOS transistor Q3 is turned on, at this time, since the current flows through the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4, and the NMOS transistor Q3 to form a loop, the value of the voltage difference between the gate and the source of the PMOS transistor Q1 is determined by the values of the input voltage VIN, the third resistor R3, and the fourth resistor R4, and the calculation formula is the voltage difference U ═ VIN R3/(R3+ R4), when the voltage shared by the third resistor R3 exceeds the threshold voltage at which the PMOS transistor Q1 is turned on, the PMOS transistor Q1 is turned on, that is to turn on the power switch 3 by the MCU microcontroller through the control module 6, thereby turning on the power output to the external device; when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller 5 outputs a low level, voltages of the gate and the source of the NMOS transistor Q3 will be equal due to the existence of the pull-down resistor R5, and lower than the threshold level of the turn-on of the NMOS transistor Q3, that is, the gate of the NMOS transistor Q3 will be pulled to 0V with respect to ground voltage, and the NMOS transistor Q3 will be turned off, at this time, since the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 cannot form a loop, the voltage difference between the gate and the source of the PMOS transistor Q1 is 0, and the PMOS transistor Q1 is turned off, which means that the MCU microcontroller 5 turns off the power switch 3 through the control module 6, thereby cutting off the power output to the external device.

In this embodiment, the threshold levels of the turn-on of the PMOS transistor Q1 and the turn-on of the NMOS transistor Q3 are determined by their own electrical characteristics, and the turn-on threshold levels of different MOS transistors are also different, for example, the threshold level of the PMOS transistor with the model SI2302 is between 0.45V and 1.5V, and the model of the MOS transistor may be selected according to actual needs, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

Due to the arrangement of the fifth resistor R5 for digital grounding, the present embodiment can realize that the control module 6 controls the power switch 3 to be turned off when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller 5 outputs a low level; when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller 5 outputs a high level, the control module 6 controls the power switch 3 to be turned on. It should be noted that the circuit structure and the control mode of the control module 6 in this embodiment are only one optional implementation, and in some optional other implementations, the control module 6 may also be configured to be in other control modes according to different output signals of the MCU microcontroller 5.

The control mode of the control module 6 needs to be selected according to a specific application scene, and is also adapted to the model and function of the MCU microcontroller 5, for example, in an unattended environment in the field, when the power management circuit provided in this embodiment is applied to a remote environmental data acquisition system powered only by solar energy, in order to save power, the power of the environmental data acquisition device is generally turned on when a remote user sends a call instruction, and at this time, the MCU microcontroller 5 turns on the power of the environmental data acquisition device through a wireless communication network when receiving the call instruction for checking the environmental data.

It can be understood that, in this embodiment, only one PMOS transistor Q1 is used as a switch to control the power output of the external device, which greatly simplifies the structure of the circuit, and this is a preferred embodiment, and in some alternative other embodiments, the power switch 3 may also be a transistor, an NMOS transistor, or another switch circuit, which is not limited in this embodiment.

In this embodiment, the current flowing from the power input unit 1 flows to the load circuit through the first resistor R1 and the PMOS transistor Q1, when the current flowing through the first resistor R1 increases, the voltage across the first resistor R1 also increases, when the voltage increases to exceed Ube of the transistor Q2, the transistor Q2 is turned on, and at this time, the voltage between the source and the gate of the PMOS transistor Q1 decreases to 0, which indirectly causes the PMOS transistor Q1 to turn off, thereby implementing overcurrent protection for the circuit; when the PMOS transistor Q1 is turned off by the overcurrent protection, the current flowing through the first resistor R1 to the load circuit decreases rapidly, the voltage across the first resistor R1 decreases rapidly, and when the voltage is lower than Ube of the transistor Q2, the transistor Q2 is turned off. At this time, the voltage of the gate and the source of the PMOS transistor Q1 will be increased, and the PMOS transistor Q1 will be turned on again, so that when the load circuit at the rear end is short-circuited, the whole circuit will be in a hiccup state, which can play an obvious role in prompting a user, and is convenient for repairing equipment and removing faults.

The turn-on voltage of the transistor Q2 is determined by its own electrical characteristics, such as a PNP low power transistor model S9012, which turns on when its Ube voltage is less than-0.6V. Because the power input unit 1 is connected to the transistor Q2 and the first resistor R1 at the same time, and the limit value of the current in the overcurrent protection module 2 is determined by the resistance value of the first resistor R1 and Ube of the transistor Q2, that is, Imax ═ Ube/R1, therefore, the current output by the power management circuit provided in this embodiment does not exceed the ratio of Ube to R1 of the transistor Q2, so that the power output is limited, the function of monitoring the magnitude of the current is achieved, and when the fault of the rear-end electric equipment is removed and normal is recovered, the power output can be recovered quickly.

The size of the first resistor R1 may be determined according to the actual current magnitude required by the rear-end electric device, and the other resistors are the same and will not be described in detail later, and this embodiment only uses 5 resistors as an example, and it can be understood that the structure of the control circuit is complex, and the number of the resistors may be 5 or more than 5, which are used as common elements.

Optionally, the triode Q2 is a PNP type triode, and the component has a mature process and a low price, and is beneficial to reducing the cost. Of course, the type of the transistor Q2 and the function thereof may also be determined according to actual needs, and the overcurrent protection unit of this embodiment is not limited to use transistors of the same type and the same function.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of another optional implementation of the power management circuit according to the embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment provides a power management circuit, further including: the isolation module 7 is used for connecting the MCU microcontroller 5 with the control module 6 through the isolation module 7; the isolation module 7 comprises a first connection end 71, a second connection end 72, a third connection end 73 and a fourth connection end 74, and the MCU 5 is connected with the first connection end 71; the third connecting end 73 is connected with the control module 6; the power input unit 1 is connected to the fourth connection 74.

Optionally, the isolation module 7 is configured to: when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller 5 outputs a high level, the third connection terminal 73 and the fourth connection terminal 74 are turned on; when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller 5 outputs a low level, the third connection 73 and the fourth connection 74 are disconnected.

Optionally, the isolation module 7 includes a resistor and a coupler U1.

The isolation module 7 provided in this embodiment can achieve electrical isolation between the MCU microcontroller 5 and the back-end consumer.

The implementation of the functions of this embodiment will be described below with reference to fig. 4, which is a circuit diagram of an alternative embodiment of the power management circuit according to the present invention, and fig. 4 is a block diagram of the circuit diagram. IN this embodiment, the isolation module 7 includes a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7 and a coupler U1, an input terminal anode IN + of the coupler U1 is connected to one end of the seventh resistor R7, the other end of the seventh resistor R7, that is, the first connection end 71 of the isolation module 7 is connected to the MCU microcontroller 5, an input terminal cathode IN-, that is, the second connection end 72 of the isolation module, of the coupler U1 is digitally grounded, an output terminal anode OUT + of the coupler U1 is connected to one end of the sixth resistor R6, the other end of the sixth resistor R6, that is, the 4 th connection end 74 of the isolation module 7 is connected to the power supply input terminal 1, an output terminal cathode OUT-, that is, of the coupler U1, that is, the third connection end 73 of the isolation module 7 is connected to the fifth resistor R5 and the gate of the NMOS transistor Q3, and the other end of the fifth resistor R5 and the source of the NMOS transistor Q3 are both digitally grounded.

Other structures of the power management circuit provided in this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described again in the following.

In this embodiment, when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller 5 outputs a high level, the positive OUT + and the negative OUT-of the output terminal of the coupler U1 are turned on, and the voltage of the gate of the NMOS transistor Q3 is determined by the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R6 and the input voltage VIN, that is, the voltage U of the gate of the NMOS transistor Q3 is (VIN × R5)/(R5+ R6), at this time, it should be ensured that the voltage at the front end is higher than the turn-on voltage of the NMOS transistor Q3, and the NMOS transistor Q3 is turned on. It can be understood that, in order to better adapt to the application environment of energy saving and power saving, the configuration range of VIN is 0-30V, and the commonly used configuration is 9-24V. Of course, in some alternative embodiments, a larger input voltage may be configured to meet the power requirements of the backend device.

When the control signal of the MCU microcontroller 5 is low, the positive OUT + and negative OUT-terminals of the output terminal of the coupler U1 are turned off, the voltage at the gate of the NMOS transistor Q3 is pulled down to ground by R5, which is lower than the turn-on voltage of the NMOS transistor Q3, and the NMOS transistor Q3 is turned off.

The circuit isolation is realized by the resistor and the coupler in the embodiment, the structure is simple, the cost is low, the normal work of the MCU microcontroller 5 and the front-end circuit can be effectively prevented from being influenced by rear-end electric equipment when a fault occurs, the fault tolerance of the control circuit is favorably improved, the type of the coupler U1 can be selected in various ways, such as optical coupler, magnetic coupler and the like, the optical coupler is used as an example in fig. 4 for illustration, and the embodiment does not limit the type and the model of the coupler U1. Of course, in some alternative embodiments, the isolation module 4 may also use other components with isolation function, such as a digital isolation chip, an isolation transformer, and the like.

It should be noted that the terms "front end", "back end", and the like in all the above embodiments are referred to by the current direction.

Example 3:

this embodiment provides an electronic device, which includes a PCB substrate and the power management circuit of any one of embodiments 1 or 2, wherein each component of the power management circuit is disposed on the PCB substrate.

According to the above embodiment, the utility model provides a power management circuit, electron device has realized following beneficial effect at least: the overcurrent protection module, the MCU, the control module and the like are integrated into the same circuit, so that the circuit layout design is simplified, and the occupied space is reduced; the overcurrent protection module and the power switch are utilized to protect the circuit, so that the power is saved, the energy is saved, and the solar energy power supply device is more suitable for the working environment of field solar power supply; because the overcurrent protection module and the control module are both connected with the power switch, the dual-module control can be realized, circuit components are simplified, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Claims (10)

1. A power management circuit, comprising: the device comprises a power input unit, an overcurrent protection module, a power switch, an MCU (micro control unit), a control module and a power output unit; the power input unit is connected with the overcurrent protection module and is used for being connected into a power circuit; the overcurrent protection module is respectively connected with the power switch and the control module and is used for limiting the current output by the circuit; the MCU is connected with the control module, and the control module is connected with the power switch; the power switch is connected with the power output unit and used for controlling the output of the power supply; the power output unit is used for connecting with electric equipment.

2. The power management circuit according to claim 1, wherein the over-current protection module and the control module each comprise a resistor and a transistor, and the power switch comprises a PMOS transistor.

3. The power management circuit of claim 1, wherein the over-current protection module is configured to: when the current flowing through the overcurrent protection module exceeds a limit value, outputting a signal to the power switch to cut off the power supply output; when the current flowing through the overcurrent protection module is lower than a limit value, a signal is output to the power switch, and the power supply output is switched on.

4. The power management circuit according to claim 3, wherein the over-current protection module comprises a resistor and a transistor, and the transistor is a PNP type transistor.

5. The power management circuit of claim 1, wherein the control module is configured to: when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller outputs a low level, the power switch is controlled to be switched off; and when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller outputs a high level, controlling the power switch to be switched on.

6. The power management circuit of claim 5, wherein: the control module comprises an NMOS tube and at least three resistors.

7. The power management circuit of claim 1, further comprising: the isolation module is used for isolating the MCU microcontroller and the load circuit, and the MCU microcontroller is connected with the control module through the isolation module; the isolation module comprises a first connecting end, a second connecting end, a third connecting end and a fourth connecting end, and the MCU is connected with the first connecting end; the third connecting end is connected with the control module; the power input unit is connected with the fourth connecting end.

8. The power management circuit of claim 7, wherein the isolation module is configured to: when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller outputs a high level, the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are conducted; and when the control signal of the MCU microcontroller outputs a low level, the third connecting end and the fourth connecting end are disconnected.

9. The power management circuit of claim 8, wherein the isolation module comprises a resistor and a coupler.

10. An electronic device comprising a PCB substrate and the power management circuit of any of claims 1 to 9.

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