CN214655291U

CN214655291U - Double-sided hollow cathode type diaphragm-free magnesium electrolytic tank

Info

Publication number: CN214655291U
Application number: CN202120605296.5U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周茂敬
Original assignee: Qinghai Bestium Metal Scientech Co ltd; Qinghai Normoon Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Qinghai Bestium Metal Scientech Co ltd; Qinghai Normoon Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-25
Filing date: 2021-03-25
Publication date: 2021-11-09
Anticipated expiration: 2031-03-25

Abstract

The utility model discloses a double-faced hollow cathode type clapboard-free magnesium electrolytic tank which is a cuboid, a fireproof lining is built around and on the bottom surface of a tightly-attached tank shell, and a tank top is a fireproof cover plate. The electrolytic cell and the magnesium collecting chamber are separated by a partition wall and communicated with each other through a circulating hole at the middle lower part of the partition wall and a bottom passage; the electrolytic cell is characterized in that anodes and cathodes are arranged in parallel in the electrolytic cell, a group of cathodes is arranged between every two groups of anodes, the anodes are vertically inserted into the electrolytic cell through openings on the cover plate, the cathodes penetrate through the fireproof lining of the side wall of the electrolytic cell and the openings of the cell shell and extend out of the cell, a plurality of chlorine gas discharge ports are uniformly formed in the upper part of the side wall of the electrolytic cell, and the gas separation zone is communicated with a chlorine gas recovery system outside the cell through the chlorine gas discharge ports; the side wall of the magnesium collection chamber is provided with a first heating electrode and a second heating electrode, the first heating electrode and the second heating electrode penetrate through the fireproof lining of the side wall of the magnesium collection chamber and the opening of the tank shell to extend out of the tank, and the top of the magnesium collection chamber is provided with a plurality of movable tank covers.

Description

Double-sided hollow cathode type diaphragm-free magnesium electrolytic tank

Technical Field

The utility model relates to an electrolytic metal magnesium production technical field, concretely relates to two-sided hollow cathode type does not have baffle magnesium electrolysis groove.

Background

The magnesium electrolysis industry was born in 1886 and has been in history for over 130 years to date. During the period, the production process has great progress, and the technical level is greatly improved. Magnesium cells are constantly being updated, the original simple non-diaphragm cells in the 30 s of the 20 th century were replaced by diaphragm cells, and a new generation of non-diaphragm cells of different types was subsequently introduced during the 1940 s to 1960 s. The capacity of the advanced electrolytic cell is increased to 300-400 KA, the current efficiency is increased to 92-93%, and the electric energy efficiency is increased to more than 60%. At present, the number of electrolytic cells required for a magnesium electrolysis plant producing 10 ten thousand tons of magnesium ingots per year is reduced from hundreds of electrolytic cells with separators to tens of electrolytic cells without separators.

The development of the non-clapboard electrolytic cell in China starts earlier, the single-cell tests of the non-clapboard electrolytic cells of 7.5KA, 36KA, 64KA and 110KA are carried out in sequence from the 70 th century in China, and the production of the series of non-clapboard electrolytic cells built by various factories after 90 years shows that the crude magnesium electrolysis index of the non-clapboard electrolytic cell is obviously superior to that of the clapboard electrolytic cell.

The prior non-clapboard electrolytic cells with various structures are put into industrial application at home and abroad, different structures lead to different operation effects, the difference of magnesium electrolysis current efficiency indexes is highlighted, the main factor causing the low current efficiency is the secondary reaction of magnesium and chlorine in the electrolytic cell, and the electrolytic cell structure has decisive influence on the degree of the secondary reaction.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a two-sided hollow cathode type does not have baffle magnesium electrolysis groove to the magnesium that current does not have the baffle electrolysis groove existence contacts route and time long, takes place the secondary reaction easily, leads to the problem that current efficiency is low.

The technical scheme of the utility model:

a double-sided hollow cathode type clapboard-free magnesium electrolytic cell is a cuboid, refractory linings 2 are built on the periphery and the bottom surface which are tightly attached to a cell shell 1, and a refractory cover plate 3 is arranged on the top of the cell. The electrolytic bath consists of an electrolytic chamber 4 for magnesium chloride to generate electrolytic reaction to generate magnesium and chlorine and a magnesium collecting chamber 5 for collecting magnesium beads generated by the electrolytic chamber in a circulating way, the electrolytic chamber 4 and the magnesium collecting chamber 5 are separated by a partition wall 6 and are communicated with each other through a middle-lower circulating hole 14 and a bottom channel 15 which are arranged on the partition wall 6; an anode 7 and a cathode 8 are arranged in parallel in the electrolytic chamber 4, a group of cathodes 8 is arranged between every two groups of anodes 7, the anode 7 is vertically inserted into the electrolytic chamber 4 through an opening on the cover plate 3, the cathodes 8 extend out of the electrolytic chamber through the openings of the refractory lining 2 of the side wall of the electrolytic chamber and the opening of the tank shell 1, a plurality of chlorine gas discharge ports 12 are uniformly arranged on the upper part of the side wall of the electrolytic chamber 4, and a gas separation zone 13 is communicated with a chlorine gas recovery system outside a boundary zone through the chlorine gas discharge ports 12; the side wall of the magnesium collecting chamber 5 is provided with a first heating electrode 9 and a second heating electrode 10 which penetrate through the fireproof lining 2 of the side wall of the magnesium collecting chamber and the opening of the tank shell 1 to extend out of the tank, and the top of the magnesium collecting chamber is provided with a plurality of movable tank covers 11.

As an optimized technical scheme of the utility model, the position, size and the figure of chlorine discharge port 12 are enough to ensure that the chlorine in the gas separation district 13 in time discharges smoothly, are favorable to shortening the detention time, reduce the secondary reaction chance, improve current efficiency.

As an optimized technical scheme of the utility model, negative pole 8 is the two-sided hollow structure of cavity of low carbon, high ferrite steel sheet processing preparation, its advantage is: when the cathode contains carbon and the tissue structure is close to ferrite, the separated magnesium covers the cathode well, which is beneficial to improving the current efficiency; the design of the hollow cathode channel can quickly and efficiently separate chlorine from electrolyte, so that the contact path and time of chlorine and magnesium are shorter, secondary reaction is weaker, and the improvement of current efficiency is facilitated.

As an optimized technical scheme of the utility model, the lower part is provided with partition wall circulation hole 14 and the bottom is provided with bottom passageway 15 in partition wall 6, is favorable to the smooth and easy circulation of electrolyte/metal flow to prevent chlorine and get into magnesium collecting chamber, not only be favorable to improving current efficiency, reducible chlorine loss has also alleviateed the pollution of chlorine to the environment moreover.

As an optimized technical proposal of the utility model, the first heating electrode 9 and the second heating electrode 10 are made of stainless steel and used for heating the electrolytic cell when the temperature of the electrolytic cell is gradually reduced in the process of driving and normal operation and keeping the electrolytic cell at the required temperature when the direct current power supply is cut off for a long time.

When the double-sided hollow cathode type diaphragm-free magnesium electrolytic tank is used, a movable tank cover 11 is moved, a ladle is used for adding a molten magnesium chloride raw material into a magnesium collecting chamber 5, electrolyte in the tank, magnesium and chlorine gas flow upwards in an electrolytic chamber 4 vertically, and the chlorine gas is treated by a chlorine gas removing gas recovery system through a chlorine gas outlet 12 in a gas separation zone 13; electrolyte/metal flow is vertically downward at 180 degrees and flows into a hollow cathode channel 17 through a channel inlet 16 of a cathode 8, then flows into a magnesium collecting chamber 5 through a partition wall circulating hole 14 after rotating at 90 degrees, magnesium in the electrolyte in the magnesium collecting chamber 5 floats upwards to the surface and is gathered to form a metal magnesium liquid layer, and the metal magnesium liquid layer is periodically extracted by a vacuum table bag and sent to downstream processes for refining and ingot casting; the electrolyte then flows down through the bottom channel 15 to the bottom of the cathode and enters the electrolysis chamber 4, thus circulating.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has: the electrolytic bath without partition board is also one circulating magnesium collecting electrolytic bath and features that the cathode works in two sides and the hollow cathode channel is designed to separate chlorine from electrolyte fast and effectively. Compared with the existing circulating magnesium-collecting type electrolytic cell with other structures, the electrolytic cell has the advantages that the contact path and time of chlorine and magnesium are shorter, so that the reverse reaction is weaker, and the current efficiency is favorably improved. In addition, chlorine is more difficult to enter the magnesium collection zone. Compared with the non-separator groove which is generally provided with the holes on the partition wall at the electrolyte level and allows the electrolyte to flow into the magnesium collecting chamber, the chlorine loss is greatly reduced, and the pollution of chlorine to the environment is also reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a C-C top view of a double-faced hollow cathode type diaphragm-free magnesium electrolytic cell of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the double-sided hollow cathode type diaphragm-free magnesium electrolytic cell of the present invention taken along the A-A direction;

FIG. 3 is a B-B direction sectional view of the double-faced hollow cathode type diaphragm-free magnesium electrolytic cell of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a tank shell; 2. refractory village; 3. a refractory cover plate; 4. an electrolysis chamber; 5. a magnesium collecting chamber; 6. a partition wall; 7. an anode; 8. a cathode; 9. heating the first electrode; 10. heating the second electrode; 11. a movable slot cover; 12. a chlorine gas discharge port; 13. a gas separation zone; 14. partition wall circulation holes; 15. a bottom channel; 16. a channel inlet; 17. a hollow cathode channel.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Examples

Referring to the attached

drawings

1, 2 and 3, the utility model provides a double-faced hollow cathode type clapboard-free magnesium electrolytic cell, which is a cuboid, wherein the periphery and the bottom surface of the cell shell 1 are closely laid with a fireproof lining 2, and the top of the cell is provided with a fireproof cover plate 3; the electrolytic bath consists of an electrolytic chamber 4 for magnesium chloride to generate electrolytic reaction to generate magnesium and chlorine and a magnesium collecting chamber 5 for collecting magnesium beads generated by the electrolytic chamber in a circulating way, the electrolytic chamber 4 and the magnesium collecting chamber 5 are separated by a partition wall 6 and are communicated with a bottom channel 15 through a middle-lower partition wall circulating hole 14 arranged on the partition wall 6; an anode 7 and a cathode 8 are arranged in parallel in the electrolytic chamber 4, a group of cathodes 8 is arranged between every two groups of anodes 7, the anode 7 is vertically inserted into the electrolytic chamber 4 through an opening on the refractory cover plate 3, the cathodes 8 extend out of the electrolytic chamber through the refractory lining 2 of the side wall of the electrolytic chamber and the opening of the tank shell 1, a plurality of chlorine gas discharge ports 12 are uniformly arranged on the upper part of the side wall of the electrolytic chamber 4, and a gas separation zone 13 is communicated with a chlorine gas recovery system outside a boundary zone through the chlorine gas discharge ports 12; the side wall of the magnesium collecting chamber 5 is provided with a first heating electrode 9 and a second heating electrode 10 which penetrate through the fireproof lining 2 of the side wall of the magnesium collecting chamber and the opening of the tank shell 1 to extend out of the tank, and the top of the magnesium collecting chamber is provided with a plurality of movable tank covers 11.

When the device is used specifically, a movable tank cover 11 is removed, a ladle is used for adding a molten magnesium chloride raw material into a magnesium collecting chamber 5, electrolyte in the tank, magnesium and chlorine gas flow upwards in an electrolytic chamber 4 vertically, and the chlorine gas is treated by a chlorine gas removing gas recovery system at a chlorine gas discharge port 12 in a gas separation zone 13; electrolyte/metal flow is vertically downward at 180 degrees and flows into a hollow cathode channel 17 through a channel inlet 16 of a cathode 8, then flows into a magnesium collecting chamber 5 through a partition wall circulating hole 14 after being rotated at 90 degrees, magnesium in the electrolyte in the magnesium collecting chamber 5 floats upwards to the surface and is converged to form a metal magnesium liquid layer, and the metal magnesium liquid layer is periodically extracted by a vacuum ladle and sent to a downstream process for refining and ingot casting; the electrolyte then flows down through the bottom channel 15 to the bottom of the cathode and enters the electrolysis chamber 4, thus circulating.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A double-sided hollow cathode type clapboard-free magnesium electrolytic cell is a cuboid, refractory linings (2) are built on the periphery and the bottom surface which are tightly attached to a cell shell (1), and a refractory cover plate (3) is arranged at the top of the cell; the electrolytic bath consists of an electrolytic chamber (4) for generating magnesium and chlorine through electrolytic reaction of magnesium chloride and a magnesium collecting chamber (5) for collecting magnesium beads generated by the electrolytic chamber in a circulating manner, the electrolytic chamber (4) and the magnesium collecting chamber (5) are separated by a partition wall (6), and a middle and lower partition wall circulating hole (14) and a bottom channel (15) which are arranged through the partition wall (6) are communicated; anodes (7) and cathodes (8) are arranged in parallel in the electrolytic chamber (4), a group of cathodes (8) is arranged between every two groups of anodes (7), the anodes (7) are vertically inserted into the electrolytic chamber (4) through holes on the refractory cover plate (3), the cathodes (8) penetrate through the refractory lining (2) of the side wall of the electrolytic chamber and the holes of the tank shell (1) and extend out of the tank, a plurality of chlorine gas discharge ports (12) are uniformly formed in the upper part of the side wall of the electrolytic chamber (4), and the gas separation zone (13) is communicated with a chlorine gas recovery system outside the battery compartment through the chlorine gas discharge ports (12); the side wall of the magnesium collection chamber (5) is provided with a first heating electrode (9) and a second heating electrode (10), the first heating electrode and the second heating electrode penetrate through the fireproof lining (2) of the side wall of the magnesium collection chamber and the opening of the tank shell (1) and extend out of the tank, and the top of the magnesium collection chamber (5) is provided with a plurality of movable tank covers (11).

2. A double-sided hollow cathode type diaphragm-less magnesium electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chlorine discharge openings (12) are positioned, dimensioned and numbered in such a way that a timely and smooth discharge of chlorine from the gas separation zone (13) is ensured.

3. A double-sided hollow cathode type diaphragm-less magnesium electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cathode (8) is a hollow double-sided hollow structure processed and manufactured by a low carbon-containing and high ferrite steel plate.

4. A double-sided hollow cathode type diaphragm-less magnesium electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the middle lower part of the partition wall (6) is provided with a partition wall circulating hole (14) and the bottom part is provided with a bottom channel (15).

5. A double-sided hollow cathode type diaphragm-less magnesium electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first heating electrode (9) and the second heating electrode (10) are made of stainless steel.