CN214492725U - Pedal device and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a footboard device and vehicle, the footboard device include pedal support and with pedal support connected's activity footboard and multistage fixed footboard, multistage fixed footboard is installed on pedal support, the activity footboard is located pedal support below, the one end of activity footboard articulates in pedal support, forms the opening between the other end and the pedal support, when the activity footboard received with the opening towards the unanimous external force of direction, the activity footboard was suitable for and upwards rotates for pedal support. The pedal device in the utility model forms multi-stage steps by combining the movable pedal and the multi-stage fixed pedals, so as to meet the step movement, and has simple structure and convenient installation; the movable pedal is designed into an open structure, so that the movable pedal can be turned over when being impacted by external force, the damage degree of the external force to the pedal device is weakened, the passability of a vehicle is improved, the movable pedal can automatically reset when the external force is cancelled, and the movable pedal is movable and has a simple and reliable structure.

Description

Pedal device and vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, particularly, relate to a footboard device and vehicle.

Background

Pedal devices for heavy vehicles such as armored vehicles and assault vehicles are generally classified into a welding type and a mounting type, and are classified into a single-stage type and a multi-stage type according to the number of pedal stages. Heavy-duty car footboard adopts multistage installation formula structure more, and the footboard of installation formula is convenient for change, and the driver's cabin of general armoured vehicle/assault car is higher moreover, adopts the multistage formula can satisfy ergonomic needs.

The existing pedals in the market can be divided into a fixed type and a movable type, and the fixed type pedal is generally simple in structure but cannot meet the requirement of pedal movement; the movable pedal can realize the movement of the pedal, but the structure is more complex.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides a problem be the unable demand that satisfies the footboard activity of fixed footboard, or the structure of movable footboard is complicated.

In order to solve at least one aspect among the above-mentioned problem, the utility model provides a footboard device, including the pedal support and with movable footboard and the multistage fixed footboard that the pedal support is connected, multistage fixed footboard install in on the pedal support, movable footboard is located the pedal support below, movable footboard's one end articulate in pedal support, the other end with form the opening between the pedal support, work as movable footboard receive with when the opening moves towards the unanimous external force of direction, movable footboard be suitable for pedal support upwards rotates.

Compared with the prior art, the pedal device of the utility model forms a multi-stage pedal by combining the movable pedal and the multi-stage fixed pedals, so as to meet the requirement of pedal movement, and has simple structure and convenient installation; the movable pedal is designed into an open structure, so that the movable pedal can be turned over when being impacted by external force, the damage degree of the external force to the pedal device is weakened, the passability of a vehicle is improved, the movable pedal can automatically reset when the external force is cancelled, and the movable pedal is movable and has a simple and reliable structure.

Optionally, the multistage fixed footboard includes first fixed footboard and the fixed footboard of second, the fixed footboard of second first fixed footboard with the activity footboard sets gradually from last to down, the opening is located first fixed footboard with between the activity footboard.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a footboard device sets up two fixed footboards and a movable footboard, makes it form tertiary the marking time to satisfy basic activity of marking time, and simple structure, simple to operate, and install movable footboard in the below, realize the automatic upset of activity footboard, played certain guard action, also increased the trafficability characteristic of putting in order the car.

Optionally, the pedal support includes a first pedal support and a second pedal support which are arranged oppositely, the left end and the right end of the multi-stage fixed pedal are respectively connected with the first pedal support and the second pedal support, and the movable pedal is hinged to the bottom of the first pedal support or the bottom of the second pedal support.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a footboard device forms the fixed frame of footboard device through first footboard support and second footboard support to install movable footboard and multistage fixed footboard at this fixed frame, simple structure, it is convenient to realize.

Optionally, a mounting bracket is arranged between the movable pedal and the pedal bracket, the mounting bracket is connected with the pedal bracket, and the movable pedal is hinged to the mounting bracket.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a pedal device adds the installing support between activity footboard and pedal support, can avoid the gravity direct action of the people that the activity footboard receives to pedal support's deflection can be reduced.

Optionally, the mounting bracket includes interconnect's mounting panel and link plate, the link plate with pedal support connects, the mounting panel with movable footboard is articulated.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a footboard device designs into mounting panel and link plate intercombination's structure with the installing support, makes things convenient for the installing support to be connected with pedal support and activity footboard respectively.

Optionally, an abutting surface adapted to abut against the mounting plate is provided at one end of the movable pedal hinged to the mounting plate.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a footboard device sets up the butt face on the activity footboard, can ensure that passenger and driver can firmly trample on the activity footboard.

Optionally, a cushion pad is provided between the abutment surface and the mounting plate.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a footboard device adds the blotter between butt face and mounting panel for when the activity footboard resets to natural state from the upset state, can play the cushioning effect to the activity footboard.

Optionally, the movable pedal comprises a connecting plate and a pedal plate which are connected with each other, one end of the connecting plate, which is far away from the pedal plate, is connected with a rotating shaft, and the connecting plate is hinged to the mounting plate through the rotating shaft.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a footboard device designs into connecting plate and footboard interconnect's structure with the activity footboard to it is articulated with the mounting panel through the axis of rotation, simple structure, simple to operate.

Optionally, the hanging plate is welded with a first nut used for being matched with a first bolt, and the hanging plate is connected with the pedal bracket through the connection of the first bolt and the first nut.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model provides a footboard device adopts the mode of the first bolt of welding to connect on the link plate for installation between installing support and the pedal support is convenient more and firm.

Additionally, the present invention provides a vehicle comprising a pedal device as described above.

Compared with the prior art, the vehicle is the same with the advantage that above-mentioned footboard device had for prior art, no longer gives unnecessary details here.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural view of a pedal device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a mounting bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a movable pedal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the pedal device of the present invention in an inverted state of the movable pedal;

fig. 6 is a schematic view of the pedal device according to the embodiment of the present invention in the natural state of the movable pedal.

Description of reference numerals:

1-pedal support, 11-first pedal support, 12-second pedal support, 2-movable pedal, 21-abutting surface, 211-through hole, 22-connecting plate, 221-side plate, 222-reinforcing rib, 23-pedal, 231-sealing plate, 232-sawtooth plate, 24-rotating shaft, 3-multi-stage fixed pedal, 31-first fixed pedal, 32-second fixed pedal, 4-opening, 5-mounting support, 51-mounting plate, 52-hanging plate, 53-buffer cushion, 54-second bolt, 55-second nut, 56-first bolt and 57-first nut.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of the words "a," "an," or "the" and similar referents in the specification and claims of the present application does not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denotes the presence of at least one. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item preceding the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", and the like indicate the position or positional relationship based on the position or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the position or positional relationship which is usually placed when the product of the present invention is used, and are only for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element to which the term refers must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The utility model discloses a be provided with coordinate system XYZ in the drawing of embodiment, wherein the forward of X axle represents the left, and the reverse of X axle represents right-hand, and the forward of Y axle represents the place ahead, and the reverse rear that represents of Y axle, and the forward of Z axle represents the top, and the reverse below that represents of Z axle.

Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Some embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

The existing pedals in the market can be divided into a fixed type and a movable type, and the fixed type pedal is generally simple in structure but cannot meet the requirements of stepping movement; although the movable pedal can realize stepping movement, the structure is more complex. The pedals which take into account the advantages of the fixed pedal and the movable pedal are fewer.

Therefore the embodiment of the utility model provides a pedal device, combine fig. 1, fig. 5 and fig. 6 to show, including pedal support 1 and with movable footboard 2 and the multistage fixed footboard 3 that pedal support 1 connects, multistage fixed footboard 3 install in on pedal support 1, movable footboard 2 is located pedal support 1 below, movable footboard 2's one end articulate in pedal support 1, the other end with form opening 4 between pedal support 1, work as movable footboard 2 receive with opening 4 is when the unanimous external force of orientation, movable footboard 2 be suitable for pedal support 1 upwards rotates, works as when external force withdraws, movable footboard 2 receives self gravity and resets.

Wherein, the pedal bracket 1 is connected with the frame or the underframe of the vehicle and is generally arranged near the doors at the left and the right sides of the vehicle; the movable pedal 2 and the multi-stage fixed pedals 3 are combined to form multi-stage steps, so that passengers can step on the steps, the passengers can get on or off the vehicle, stepping movement is met, and the pedal bracket 1 is used for firmly connecting the movable pedal 2 and the multi-stage fixed pedals 3 to the vehicle.

The multi-stage fixed pedal 3 is composed of a plurality of fixed pedals, and is fixedly connected relative to the pedal bracket 1, so that the pedal device is firm in structure; the movable pedal 2 is a movable pedal, and is movably connected with the pedal bracket 1, namely the movable pedal 2 can be turned over, and the movable pedal 2 is positioned below the multi-stage fixed pedal 3 so as to meet the requirement of stepping movement.

The vertical section of the movable pedal 2 is roughly obtuse-angled, the orientation of an opening 4 formed between the movable pedal 2 and the pedal bracket 1 can be opposite to the vehicle running direction, so that in the running process of the vehicle, as shown in fig. 6, if an obstacle touches the movable pedal 2, the movable pedal 2 is subjected to an external force with the same direction as the orientation of the opening 4, one end of the opening of the movable pedal 2 is upwards overturned around one end hinged with the pedal bracket 1 to be in an overturning state, so that the whole vehicle can smoothly pass through the obstacle, and the trafficability of the vehicle is improved; as shown in fig. 5, when the external force is removed, the movable pedal 2 is acted by its own weight, and at this time, the movable pedal 2 rotates downward around the end hinged to the pedal bracket 1, and automatically returns to the natural state.

The pedal device in the embodiment forms multi-stage stepping by combining the movable pedal 2 and the multi-stage fixed pedals 3 so as to meet stepping movement, and has simple structure and convenient installation; the movable pedal 2 is designed into an open structure, so that the movable pedal can be turned over when being impacted by external force, the damage degree of the external force to the pedal device is weakened, the passability of a vehicle is improved, the movable pedal can automatically reset when the external force is cancelled, and the movable pedal has mobility and is simple and reliable in structure.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the multiple stages of fixed pedals 3 include a first fixed pedal 31 and a second fixed pedal 32, the first fixed pedal 31, and the movable pedal 2 are sequentially disposed from top to bottom, and the opening 4 is located between the first fixed pedal 31 and the movable pedal 2; the movable pedal 1 is a first step, the first fixed pedal 31 is a second step, and the second fixed pedal 32 is a third step.

The first fixed pedal 31 and the second fixed pedal 32 are horizontally arranged, the front end and the rear end of the first fixed pedal 31 and the front end and the rear end of the second fixed pedal 32 are respectively in threaded connection with the pedal bracket 1 through bolts, the movable pedal 2 is also horizontally arranged in a normal state, and at the moment, the movable pedal 2, the first fixed pedal 31 and the second fixed pedal 32 are combined to form three-stage stepping, so that stepping activities of passengers and drivers can be met; the movable pedal 2 as the first step is positioned right below the second step, and the second step is positioned right below the third step, namely the movable pedal 2, the first fixed pedal 31 and the second fixed pedal 32 are vertically arranged, so that the space can be saved, and the overall appearance structure of the whole vehicle is more compact; the first step can rotate around the hinged end, and when the first step is impacted by external force in a certain direction, the first step can be overturned.

The pedal device in the embodiment is provided with two fixed pedals and one movable pedal, so that three-level stepping is realized, basic stepping movement is met, the pedal device is simple in structure and convenient to install, the movable pedal is installed at the bottom, automatic overturning of the movable pedal 2 is realized, a certain protection effect is achieved, and the passability of the whole vehicle is also improved.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the pedal bracket 1 includes a first pedal bracket 11 and a second pedal bracket 12 that are disposed oppositely, the left and right ends of the multi-stage fixed pedal 3 are respectively connected to the first pedal bracket 11 and the second pedal bracket 12, and the movable pedal 2 is hinged to the bottom of the first pedal bracket 11 or the bottom of the second pedal bracket 12.

Wherein, first footboard support 11 and second footboard support 12 all approximately are the shape of falling L, and the two is preceding rear direction interval parallel arrangement in the front, and first footboard support 11 and the equal vertical putting of second footboard support 12, first fixed footboard 31 and the fixed footboard 32 of second interval level setting from the bottom up are between first footboard support 11 and second footboard support 12.

When the pedal device is installed on the right side of the vehicle, the first pedal bracket 11 is positioned on the front side of the second pedal bracket 12, and the movable pedal 2 is hinged to the bottom of the first pedal bracket 11; when the pedal apparatus is installed on the left side of the vehicle, the first pedal bracket 11 is located at the rear side of the second pedal bracket 12, and the movable pedal 2 is hinged to the bottom of the second pedal bracket 12.

In the pedal device in the embodiment, the first pedal bracket 11 and the second pedal bracket 12 form a fixed frame of the pedal device, and the movable pedal 2 and the multi-stage fixed pedal 3 are arranged on the fixed frame, so that the pedal device is simple in structure and convenient to implement.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 5, and fig. 6, a mounting bracket 5 is disposed between the movable pedal 2 and the pedal bracket 1, the mounting bracket 5 is connected to the pedal bracket 1, and the movable pedal 2 is hinged to the mounting bracket 5.

The mounting bracket 5 is detachably connected with the pedal bracket 1, so that the movable pedal 2 can be selectively mounted on the first pedal bracket 11 or the second pedal bracket 12, and the universality of the pedal device is improved; when the movable pedal 2 is in a natural state, when a passenger or a driver steps on the movable pedal 2, the mounting bracket 5 can be subjected to an acting force opposite to the force applied to the movable pedal 2, and the acting force is also larger due to the larger weight of the person, so that the gravity of the person borne by the movable pedal 2 is offset, and the deformation of the pedal bracket 1 can be greatly reduced.

In the pedal device in this embodiment, the mounting bracket 5 is additionally provided between the movable pedal 2 and the pedal bracket 1, so that the gravity of the person borne by the movable pedal 2 can be prevented from directly acting on the pedal bracket 1, and the deformation of the pedal bracket 1 can be reduced.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the mounting bracket 5 includes a mounting plate 51 and a hanging plate 52 connected to each other, the hanging plate 52 is connected to the pedal bracket 1, and the mounting plate 51 is hinged to the movable pedal 2.

The hanging plate 52 is composed of two parallel plates which are arranged at a certain distance from each other and are perpendicular to the mounting plate 51, and the mounting plate 51 is horizontally arranged; the mounting bracket 5 is connected with the pedal bracket 1 through the hanging plate 52, the mounting bracket 5 is hinged with the movable pedal 2 through the mounting plate 51, and the mounting plate 51 is fixedly connected with the pedal bracket 1.

In the pedal device of the present embodiment, the mounting bracket 5 is designed to have a structure in which the mounting plate 51 and the hanging plate 52 are combined with each other, so that the mounting bracket 5 is connected to the pedal bracket 1 and the movable pedal 2, respectively.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, an abutting surface 21 connected with the mounting plate 51 in an interference manner is provided at one end of the movable pedal 2 hinged to the mounting plate 51.

When a passenger or a driver moves the pedal, the movable pedal 2 is subjected to downward external force, and the abutting surface 21 is upwards abutted against the bottom surface of the mounting plate 51, so that the movable pedal 2 can sufficiently bear the weight of the person; when the movable pedal 2 is in the flipped state, the abutment surface 21 and the mounting plate 51 are out of contact with each other.

In the pedal device of the present embodiment, the abutment surface 21 is provided on the movable pedal 2, and it is ensured that the passenger and the driver can firmly step on the movable pedal 2.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, a cushion 53 is disposed between the abutting surface 21 and the mounting plate 51.

The cushion pad 53 is connected with the mounting plate 51 through the connection of the second bolt 54 and the second nut 55, and the abutting surface 21 is provided with a through hole 211 to facilitate the mounting of the second bolt 54; the cushion pad 53 may be made of a rubber material.

In the pedal device of the present embodiment, the cushion pad 53 is additionally provided between the abutting surface 21 and the mounting plate 51, so that the movable pedal 2 can be cushioned when the movable pedal 2 is returned from the flipped state to the natural state.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the movable pedal 2 includes a connecting plate 22 and a pedal 23, which are connected to each other, a rotating shaft 24 is connected to an end of the connecting plate 22 away from the pedal 23, and the connecting plate 22 is hinged to the mounting plate 51 through the rotating shaft 24.

Wherein, the left and right sides of the back of the connecting plate 22 are provided with side plates 221, and a reinforcing rib 222 is vertically arranged between the two side plates 221 so as to enhance the deformation resistance strength of the movable pedal 2; the pedal 23 comprises a sealing plate 231 and a serration plate 232, the serration plate 232 is perpendicular to the sealing plate 231, and has an anti-skid function when a passenger or a driver steps on the pedal; the connecting plate 22 and the foot plate 23 of the movable pedal 2 are connected in a welding mode, the side plate 211 and the reinforcing rib 222 are connected with the connecting plate 22 in a welding mode, and the closing plate 231 and the serrated plate 232 are also connected in a welding mode to ensure the integral strength of the movable pedal 2; when the movable pedal 2 is in a natural state, the pedal 23 is horizontally placed, and the connecting plate 22 has a certain length so as to ensure that the pedal 23 and the second stage step are separated by a certain distance, thereby conveniently realizing the step movement.

In the pedal device of the present embodiment, the movable pedal 2 is designed to have a structure in which the connecting plate 22 and the foot plate 23 are connected to each other, and is hinged to the mounting plate 51 through the rotating shaft 24, which is simple in structure and convenient to mount.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a first nut 57 for engaging with the first bolt 56 is welded to the hanging plate 52, and the hanging plate 52 is connected to the pedal bracket 1 by the connection between the first bolt 56 and the first nut 57.

The first nut 57 is welded on the inner side of one plate of the hanging plate 52, a through hole corresponding to the first nut 57 is formed in the other plate of the hanging plate 52, the through hole is used for the first bolt 56 to pass through, and the first bolt 56 is screwed with the first nut 57 after passing through the through hole.

In the pedal device of this embodiment, the hanging plate 52 is connected by welding the first bolt 56, so that the mounting between the mounting bracket 5 and the pedal bracket 1 is more convenient and firm.

Another embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle including the pedal apparatus as described above.

In the vehicle in the embodiment, the movable pedal 2 and the multi-stage fixed pedal 3 are combined to form multi-stage steps so as to meet the step movement, and the vehicle is simple in structure and convenient to install; the movable pedal 2 is designed into an open structure, so that the movable pedal can be turned over when being impacted by external force, the damage degree of the external force to the pedal device is weakened, the passability of a vehicle is improved, the movable pedal can automatically reset when the external force is cancelled, and the movable pedal has mobility and is simple and reliable in structure.

Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a footboard device, its characterized in that, including footboard support (1) and with movable footboard (2) and multistage fixed footboard (3) that footboard support (1) is connected, multistage fixed footboard (3) install in on footboard support (1), movable footboard (2) are located footboard support (1) below, the one end of movable footboard (2) articulate in footboard support (1), the other end with form opening (4) between footboard support (1), work as when movable footboard (2) receive with opening (4) are towards the unanimous external force of direction, movable footboard (2) be suitable for footboard support (1) upwards rotates.

2. The pedal device according to claim 1, wherein the multiple stages of fixed pedals (3) comprise a first fixed pedal (31) and a second fixed pedal (32), the first fixed pedal (31), and the movable pedal (2) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and the opening (4) is located between the first fixed pedal (31) and the movable pedal (2).

3. The pedal device according to claim 1, wherein the pedal bracket (1) comprises a first pedal bracket (11) and a second pedal bracket (12) which are oppositely arranged, the left and right ends of the multi-stage fixed pedal (3) are respectively connected with the first pedal bracket (11) and the second pedal bracket (12), and the movable pedal (2) is hinged with the bottom of the first pedal bracket (11) or the bottom of the second pedal bracket (12).

4. A pedal device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a mounting bracket (5) is provided between the movable pedal (2) and the pedal bracket (1), the mounting bracket (5) is connected with the pedal bracket (1), and the movable pedal (2) is hinged with the mounting bracket (5).

5. Pedal device according to claim 4, characterized in that said mounting bracket (5) comprises a mounting plate (51) and a peg (52) connected to each other, said peg (52) being connected to said pedal bracket (1), said mounting plate (51) being hinged to said movable pedal (2).

6. Pedal device according to claim 5, characterized in that said movable pedal (2) has an end hinged to said mounting plate (51) provided with an abutment surface (21) adapted to interfere with said mounting plate (51).

7. Pedal device according to claim 6, characterized in that a buffer pad (53) is provided between said abutment surface (21) and said mounting plate (51).

8. A pedal device according to claim 5, wherein the movable pedal (2) comprises a connecting plate (22) and a pedal plate (23) which are connected with each other, a rotating shaft (24) is connected to one end of the connecting plate (22) far away from the pedal plate (23), and the connecting plate (22) is hinged with the mounting plate (51) through the rotating shaft (24).

9. Pedal device according to claim 5, characterized in that said peg (52) is welded with a first nut (57) for cooperating with a first bolt (56), said peg (52) being connected to said pedal-support (1) by means of the connection of said first bolt (56) with said first nut (57).

10. A vehicle characterized by comprising the pedal apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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