CN214482596U

CN214482596U - Small-size mushroom sediment desalination fermentation integrated device

Info

Publication number: CN214482596U
Application number: CN202120204853.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨延杰; 徐赛
Original assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date: 2021-01-26
Filing date: 2021-01-26
Publication date: 2021-10-26
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-26

Abstract

The utility model provides a small-size mushroom residue desalination fermentation integrated device, including box, agitator, precipitation tank, pipeline, liquid storage pot. The stirrer is arranged in the box body, and stirring blades are arranged on the stirrer; the top of the box body is connected with a box door, the bottom of the box body is provided with the settling tank, and a partition plate with a hole fixed on the box body is arranged above the settling tank; the box body is connected with the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, and the pipeline is connected with a motor. The small mushroom residue desalting and fermenting integrated device adopts an intermittent washing mode to carry out desalting treatment on mushroom residues, thereby realizing the integration of desalting, crushing and fermenting; the environment pollution is avoided, and simultaneously, the high-quality plant cultivation substrate is prepared.

Description

Small-size mushroom sediment desalination fermentation integrated device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to organic matter processing apparatus field, concretely relates to small-size mushroom sediment desalination fermentation integrated device.

Background

China is a world major edible fungus producing country, the total edible fungus yield accounts for more than 75% of the world, and according to the survey of the edible fungus society of China, the lentinus edodes yield accounts for 27.15% of the total edible fungus yield in recent years, and the domestic edible fungus leaderboard is good. The mushroom residues are waste culture mediums after edible mushrooms such as mushrooms are harvested, 1kg of mushroom residues are generated when 0.2kg of mushrooms are produced, and at least millions of tons of mushroom residues are generated in China every year. A large amount of mushroom residues are incinerated or discarded as agricultural wastes, so that resources are wasted and the ecological environment is destroyed.

The mushroom dregs contain a large amount of nutrient elements, the cost is low, and the mushroom dregs can be used as a culture medium after fermentation and can be used as an excellent raw material for preparing the culture medium, organic fertilizer, soil conditioner and the like. The EC value of mushroom residue is high, and the EC value is further increased due to the activity of microorganisms in the fermentation process, so that the substrate formed after fermentation is not suitable for the cultivation of crops. Desalting is an essential step for fermentation materials with high EC values. The mushroom residue desalting method is generally a water washing mode, if mushroom residues are soaked in water all the time, anaerobic fermentation can be generated, desalting is incomplete, anaerobic microorganisms can violently move in the water, nutrition is degraded, and the properties of the mushroom residues become unstable. There is currently a lack of desalted fermentation units or standardized fermentation processes.

The mushroom residue is fermented mainly by adopting a conventional traditional fermentation mode: one is open-air fermentation, the waste edible fungi residues are piled on a wasteland and are allowed to be freely fermented, but the fermented substrate contains a large amount of impurities, pathogenic bacteria and pests, and is not suitable for being used as a crop culture substrate; secondly, piling up the edible fungus residues into a pile, adding 70-80% of water, covering a layer of film to wet the fertilizer for 3-4 months, and using the fertilizer after air drying, wherein the method has the advantages of large anaerobic fermentation degree, strong stimulation of taste in the fermentation process, thorough decomposition and only can be used as an organic fertilizer for crop cultivation; thirdly, crushing the edible fungus residues outside, putting the crushed edible fungus residues into a simple fermentation tank for fermentation, if the EC value of a fermentation raw material is too high, a water washing step needs to be added, the fungus sticks are large in size, need to be crushed firstly, and then are subjected to fermentation operation, so that the operation is complex, the fermentation process is uncontrollable, and the influence on the fermentation effect is avoided. The labor-saving and labor-saving integrated labor-saving desalting and fermenting device suitable for the mushroom residue materials with high salt content can promote the effective utilization of the agricultural waste mushroom residue, avoid environmental pollution and prepare the high-quality crop cultivation substrate.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

Aiming at the defects of the fermentation mode commonly adopted in the prior art, the utility model provides a small mushroom residue desalting and fermentation integrated device, which realizes the aim of integration of desalting, crushing and fermentation.

In order to solve the above problem, the utility model discloses the following technical scheme of adoption:

the utility model provides a small mushroom residue desalting and fermenting integrated device, which comprises a box body, a stirrer, a settling tank, a pipeline and a liquid storage tank;

the stirrer is arranged in the box body, and stirring blades are arranged on the stirrer; the top of the box body is connected with a box door, the bottom of the box body is provided with a precipitation tank, and a clapboard with holes fixed on the box body is arranged above the precipitation tank; the box body is connected with the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, and the pipeline is connected with a motor.

Furthermore, the box body is connected with the box door through a clamping groove pulley arranged on the box door.

Furthermore, a vent pipe is further arranged in the box body, and the vent pipe is fixed on the box door through a hole corresponding to the vent pipe.

Further, the vent pipe is arranged between the two rows of the stirrers.

Furthermore, the vent pipe is fixed by the opening of the box door corresponding to the vent pipe.

Further, the vent pipe is perpendicular to the bottom of the box body.

Further, a gas collector is arranged on the outer side of the box body.

Furthermore, the gas collector is connected to the box body through a collecting pipe, and the gas collector is a conical bottle.

Furthermore, the box body is connected with the liquid storage tank through two rows of pipelines, and the pipelines are connected with motors.

Furthermore, the precipitation tank is arranged at the bottom of the box body through clamping grooves formed in the periphery of the precipitation tank.

Furthermore, a handle is arranged at one side end of the settling tank.

Furthermore, a wood plug is arranged at the bottom of one side of the liquid storage tank.

Furthermore, the bottom of the settling tank is also provided with a support.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses technological improvement and beneficial effect are:

1. systematic production: conventional fermenting installation needs the pretreatment, smashes the mushroom sediment and puts into the fermenting case fermentation after, the utility model discloses combine desalination, breakage, fermentation as an organic whole, simplify operation flow, can use manpower sparingly material resources and time, better realization mushroom sediment's systematic production.

2. Monitoring and regulating in real time: the termination of fermentation is usually got to the colour and the smell of going to differentiate according to the substrate in fermentation process, the utility model discloses accessible gas collector comes real-time supervision fermentation process smell output, differentiatees fermentation process and fermentation state according to the fermentation smell, and then adds the regulator and regulates and control.

3. Screening the fine particle size: during the fermentation process, due to the degree of decomposition and the pile-turning effect, a large amount of fine-grain mushroom residues are generated, and the mushroom residues are not suitable for being used as a matrix and influence the fermentation process. The utility model discloses a foraminiferous baffle and precipitation tank can keep apart out most fine grain diameter's mushroom sediment in fermentation process, reduce the influence to the fermentation, and aspect later stage particle size is hierarchical.

4. Effective utilization maximization: the utility model discloses can sieve the accessory substance of fermentation in-process in mushroom sediment fermentation process, wherein the mushroom sediment of fine grain diameter can regard as soil amendment to use, and mushroom sediment rinsing liquid can regard as soil amendment and nutrient solution to use.

5. Modeling of small-scale production: most of the existing fermentation devices belong to the mass production and use of factories, and the machines are large and clumsy. The utility model discloses small is applicable to laboratory and small-size fermentation factory and uses, gets rid of gas collecting device, connects the exhaust pipe also can be used to the family independently to ferment and use.

6. The mushroom residues are desalted by adopting an intermittent water washing mode, and are properly crushed when being soaked, so that the integration of desalting, crushing and fermenting is realized, the operation is simple, and the use is convenient.

7. The device of the utility model is convenient for produce the crop cultivation substrate of high quality, low cost, fungible grass charcoal, is favorable to agricultural sustainability development.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a small mushroom residue desalting and fermenting integrated device;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the gas collector;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the piping connections of the device;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a reservoir tank.

Reference numbers in the figures: 1. a box body; 2. a box door; 3. a breather pipe; 4. a gas collector; 5. a stirrer; 6. a perforated partition plate; 7. a settling tank; 8. a pillar; 9. a pipeline; 10. a motor; 11. a liquid storage tank; 12. a wooden plug; 13. a collection pipe; 14. a liquid feeding pipe; 15. a liquid outlet pipe.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are presented herein only to illustrate and explain the present invention, and not to limit the present invention.

Example 1

The small-sized mushroom residue desalination and fermentation integrated device of the utility model is shown in figure 1.

1. Structure composition of small mushroom residue desalting and fermenting integrated device

The small mushroom residue desalting and fermenting integrated device comprises a box body 1, a box door 2, a vent pipe 3, a gas collector 4, a stirrer 5, a clapboard 6 with holes, a settling tank 7, a support column 8, a pipeline 9, a motor 10, a liquid storage tank 11 and a wood plug 12; the pipe 9 comprises a filler pipe 14 and an outlet pipe 15.

The box body 1 is a shell, is a container for carrying out mushroom residue desalination and then crushing to complete fermentation, and is used for containing fermented mushroom residues; two rows of rotatable stirrers 5 are arranged at the middle lower part in the box body 1, the diameter of a central shaft is 4cm, a steel plate with an angle of 45 degrees is arranged at intervals of 20cm and is used as a stirring blade, two rows of stirring blades are arranged on each central shaft and are used for stirring and crushing, and the stirring blades of the two rows of stirrers 5 are separated by 5cm and are used for crushing fermentation substrates and turning; four vertical vent pipes 3 are arranged in the gap of the stirrer 5, so that the air circulation in the fermentation process is enhanced, and the anaerobic fermentation is reduced; arrange according to breather pipe 3, beaten corresponding hole on chamber door 2, breather pipe 3 upper portion is slightly wide, just blocks and play the fixed action on the chamber door.

The top of the box body 1 is provided with a box door 2 which is connected through a clamping groove pulley on the box door 2 and is closed to play a role in heat preservation during fermentation; the bottom of the box body 1 is provided with a sedimentation tank 7, the sedimentation tank 7 is detachable, the depth of the sedimentation tank 7 is 20cm, clamping grooves are formed in the periphery of the sedimentation tank, and a handle is arranged at one side end of the sedimentation tank 7, so that the sedimentation tank can be pushed and pulled, and the circulation use is convenient; the device is used for containing the dust filtered in the fermentation process, and can be used as a soil conditioner and the like after being collected; four corners at the bottom of the settling tank 7 are provided with support columns 8 for supporting, in addition, the support columns 8 are retractable, after fermentation, the support columns 8 at one side can be adjusted to be lifted, the support columns at the other side are lowered, and the fermented substrate is taken out; a clapboard 6 with holes fixed on the box body 1 is arranged above the settling tank 7 and used for settling dust in the fermentation process, and the ventilation of the pile body can be enhanced after filtering.

A circular hole is cut at the upper right side (the upper edge is 20 cm) of the outer side of the box body 1, the circular hole is connected with a gas collector 4 through a collecting pipe 13, and the gas collector 4 is a plastic conical bottle and is structurally shown in figure 2; the collecting pipe 13 is inserted into the rubber plug, the edge of the rubber plug is higher than the upper edge of the plastic conical bottle, and the bottle mouth is sealed by the rubber plug; the device is used for collecting gas in the fermentation process at regular intervals, can realize real-time monitoring of gas generation in the fermentation process, is convenient for detection of fermentation dynamics, and is convenient for replacement; the joint of the fermentation box and the collecting device is padded with the latex pad, so that the tightness is enhanced, and the abrasion to the conical flask is reduced.

The box body 1 is connected with a liquid storage tank 11 through two pipelines 9; as shown in fig. 3-4, the upper parts of the two pipelines 9 are liquid feeding pipes 14, and the lower parts are liquid outlet pipes 15; respectively used for adding and flowing out of a washing liquid in the substrate desalting and washing process; the two pipelines 9 are provided with motors 10 which are used for applying power in the washing process to enable the washing liquid to flow in and out of the fermentation box.

The liquid storage tank 11 is cylindrical, and the bottom of the liquid storage tank is provided with a wooden plug 12; used for storing the washing liquid in the washing process.

2. The material selection scheme of each component part is as follows:

the whole fermentation device is made of stainless steel materials, the raw materials are relatively cheap, the hardness and the bearing degree of the fermentation device can meet the requirements, and the cost can be minimized. The stainless steel has the advantages of being capable of resisting weak corrosive media such as air, steam and water or having stainless property, firmer in welding parts, longer in service life and capable of reducing pollution in the fermentation process.

The box body 1 is made of stainless steel with the thickness of about 2mm, and is a cube with the length, width and height of 1 m; not only can well play a role of supporting the framework, but also can not deform due to too thin material, and can bear the power of the stirrer 5; the volume of the fermentation box body 1 is only 1000L, the supporting force of materials with overlarge volume is insufficient, and the fermentation speed is reduced; the fermentation temperature rise is slow when the volume is too small, the fermentation start is slow, and the method is not suitable for actual production.

The material of the box door 2 is 1m multiplied by 1m 2mm stainless steel.

The vent pipe 3 is made of aluminum alloy with the wall thickness of 0.2cm, the diameter of the vent pipe is 1cm, the length of the vent pipe is 80cm, good mechanical performance, physical performance and corrosion resistance can be obtained after heat treatment, and the vent pipe has strong hardness, is not easy to deform and has stable property within a fermentation temperature range.

The volume of the plastic conical bottle of the gas collector 4 is 500 ml; the collecting pipe 13 adopts PPR material, and collecting pipe 13 is long 15cm, tubular product external diameter 20mm, and wall thickness 2.8mm, and PPR tubular product low carbon environmental protection, safety and sanitation, matter are light, corrosion-resistant, construction convenience, long service life, can be high temperature resistant.

The stirrer 5 is made of hard steel, the hard steel can better play a role in crushing a substrate, and the hard steel is high in hardness and strong in durability.

The perforated partition plate 6 is made of aluminum alloy, the diameter of each round hole is 1cm, the distance between the round holes is 1cm, a stainless steel gauze is covered on the round holes, the specification of the gauze is 16 meshes, and reinforcing steel bars are arranged below the partition plate and used as supporting materials.

The settling tank 7 is made of stainless steel and 2mm in thickness, and the bottom of the settling tank is provided with a steel bar serving as a supporting material.

The liquid storage tank 11 is made of stainless steel, the height of the tank is 1m, and the radius of the bottom surface is 1 m.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or that equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is claimed.

Claims

1. A small-size mushroom sediment desalination fermentation integrated device which characterized in that: comprises a box body, a stirrer, a settling tank, a pipeline and a liquid storage tank;

the stirrer is arranged in the box body, and stirring blades are arranged on the stirrer; the top of the box body is connected with a box door, and the bottom of the box body is provided with the settling tank; a perforated partition board fixed on the box body is arranged above the settling tank; the box body is connected with the liquid storage tank through the pipeline, and the pipeline is connected with a motor.

2. The small mushroom residue desalination and fermentation integrated device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a vent pipe is further arranged in the box body, and the vent pipe is fixed on the box door through a hole corresponding to the position of the vent pipe.

3. The integrated small mushroom dreg desalting and fermenting device as claimed in claim 2, wherein two rows of the stirrers are arranged inside the box body.

4. The integrated apparatus for desalination and fermentation of mushroom dregs according to claim 3, wherein the vent pipe is disposed between two rows of the stirrers.

5. The small mushroom residue desalination and fermentation integrated device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a gas collector is further arranged outside the box body.

6. The small mushroom dreg desalination and fermentation integrated device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the gas collector is connected to the box body through a collecting pipe.

7. The small mushroom residue desalination and fermentation integrated device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the settling tank is installed at the bottom of the box body through clamping grooves arranged around the settling tank.

8. The integrated apparatus for desalination and fermentation of mushroom dregs according to claim 1, wherein a handle is provided at one side end of the settling tank.

9. The integrated small mushroom residue desalting and fermenting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a cork is provided at the bottom of one side of the liquid storage tank.

10. The integrated apparatus for desalination and fermentation of mushroom dregs according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the settling tank is further provided with a support.