CN214477631U - Flexible accurate separation system for anode and cathode materials of waste lithium battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a flexible accurate separation system for anode and cathode materials of waste lithium batteries, which is characterized in that a mixed material with a waste lithium battery diaphragm and anode and cathode plates is thrown into a rotary drum with a rotatable inner cavity of a flexible separation device, liquid is introduced, and the diaphragm, the anode plates, the cathode materials and a cathode current collector are separated under the relative motion between the repeated forward and reverse rotation of the drum and the liquid; the diaphragm is discharged and recovered from the overflow port, and the negative electrode material, the positive plate and the negative current collector are filtered and separated after being discharged from the flexible separation device; the positive plate and the negative current collector are separated by photoelectric color selection equipment after being dried; and separating the positive electrode material from the positive electrode current collector by a fine crusher, and separating the negative electrode material in the negative electrode current collector with a small amount of residual negative electrode material from the negative electrode current collector. The utility model discloses a flexible mode has realized the accurate separation of above-mentioned each material, and the diaphragm of retrieving is impurity-free, just, negative pole material only need handle a corresponding impurity, and impurity content is low, and no three wastes discharge.

Description

Flexible accurate separation system for anode and cathode materials of waste lithium battery

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of old and useless lithium cell is retrieved, in particular to just, the flexible accurate piece-rate system of negative pole material of abandonment lithium cell.

Background

Since 2014, new energy automobiles in China are rapidly developed, the output and sales volume shows a high-speed growth trend, and in 2019, the output and sales volume of new energy automobiles in China is 124.2 thousands and 120.6 thousands. In 10 months in 2020, the yield and the sales volume of new energy vehicles exceed 16 million. However, the power battery used by the new energy automobile has a certain service life, and a large amount of waste batteries are out of service according to the average service life of the power battery measured and calculated in 5-8 years. If the waste lithium ions cannot be effectively treated, not only is environmental pollution caused, but also valuable metal elements in the waste lithium ions cannot be reasonably utilized, and thus, resources are wasted. Therefore, the recycling of waste lithium batteries is urgent.

At present, two types of waste lithium batteries are generally recycled, wherein one type of the main process is to obtain positive and negative electrode mixed powder by a front-end physical sorting method, and then to use valuable metal elements in the black powder in a high-value manner by a hydrometallurgy method, and the other type of the main process is to obtain positive electrode powder and negative electrode powder by the front-end physical sorting method, and then to use the valuable metal elements in the positive electrode material in a high-value manner by a direct regeneration method or the hydrometallurgy method. Compared with the first process, the second process has the advantages of low recovery cost, low acid and alkali loss, less three wastes and simple recovery process, but the physical separation of the anode powder and the cathode powder in the second process has the following problems at present, so that the technology is difficult to popularize: 1) the obtained anode powder after separation has low grade and low recovery rate. In the prior art, a flotation method is adopted as a main flow process for separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the method is used for obtaining a positive electrode material and a graphite negative electrode material by multi-stage flotation of mixed powder of the positive electrode and the negative electrode obtained after crushing, sorting and pretreatment; 2) the separated anode material can not be directly regenerated by a solid phase method, so that a high-valued regeneration path of the waste lithium battery is limited. Because the obtained cathode powder has low taste, particularly contains impurities such as graphite, copper and the like, the graphite is difficult to generate oxidation gas of carbon at normal high temperature to be discharged, the copper and nickel cobalt have similar properties, and the copper removal is hardly feasible on the premise of no loss of the nickel cobalt content, so that the regeneration of the cathode material is difficult to realize by adopting a solid phase method; 3) the impurities obtained after separation are various, the wet recovery impurity removal process is complex, and the acid and alkali consumption is large. The existing flotation process aims at separating the positive and negative mixed powder obtained by crushing, the positive and negative powder contains impurity copper and aluminum, the positive powder obtained after flotation is difficult to avoid containing no copper and aluminum impurity, the copper and aluminum impurity needs to be considered simultaneously during wet recovery, and the impurity removal process is complex.

Therefore, there is a need to address the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to overcome above-mentioned prior art not enough, provide a just, the flexible accurate piece-rate system of negative pole material of abandonment lithium cell, can realize the accurate separation between abandonment lithium cell diaphragm, positive pole material, the negative pole material, satisfy regeneration demand, can realize the industrialization large-scale production.

The utility model provides a flexible accurate separation system of positive and negative pole materials of waste lithium battery, including flexible separator, guipure conveyer, drying device, look selection device, positive plate fine crusher and negative plate fine crusher, flexible separator includes the cavity that has the inner chamber, the inner chamber center be equipped with can be around this inner chamber central axis do the cylinder of positive and negative reversal, a plurality of filtration pores have been seted up on the cylinder; the cavity upper end or top be connected with the overflow pipe of inner chamber intercommunication, the overflow pipe export is equipped with the shale shaker, the cavity lower extreme is equipped with and supplies liquid to get into the feed liquor pipe of inner chamber, the bottom is equipped with the bin outlet, with the guipure conveyer entry corresponds, guipure conveyer export with the drying device entry corresponds, the drying device export corresponds and is equipped with the look selection device, the correspondence of look selection device export is equipped with the meticulous breaker of positive plate with the meticulous breaker of negative pole piece.

Optionally, the drum is a cylindrical member with an opening at the upper end and formed by enclosing a side wall and a bottom, the side wall and the bottom of the drum are provided with a plurality of filtering holes, and the diameter of each filtering hole of the drum is 0.5-5 mm.

Optionally, a discharge pipe which can be controlled by a roller discharge valve is arranged at the lower end of the side wall of the roller.

Optionally, the upper end of the cavity is provided with a conical collecting end, and an overflow port is arranged at the upper end or the top of the conical collecting end and connected with the overflow pipe; the cavity lower extreme is equipped with the discharge end of back taper, discharge end bottom is equipped with can be by discharge valve control the bin outlet.

Optionally, the mesh diameter of the vibrating screen is 0.5-5 mm.

Optionally, the look selects the device for photoelectricity look selection equipment, including the look selects the process chamber, look selects the process chamber entry to set up vibrating feeder, the vibrating feeder entry docks with the mixed material conveyer export, the vibrating feeder export is equipped with the feed slide of slope, the feed slide with look selects the process chamber entry to correspond, look selects process chamber bottom exit position to be equipped with high-speed separation air blast valve, and the export below is equipped with positive plate and connects hopper and negative pole mass flow body to connect the hopper, positive plate connects the hopper and negative pole mass flow body to connect the hopper to correspond respectively the meticulous breaker of positive plate with the meticulous breaker of negative pole piece.

Optionally, the mesh belt conveyor has a conveyor belt, the conveyor belt is divided into two sections, the second section of the conveyor belt is inclined and arranged, the second section of the conveyor belt is larger than the first section of the conveyor belt, a plurality of meshes are arranged on the conveyor belt, the aperture of each mesh is 0.5-5 mm, and a liquid outlet pipe which can be controlled by a liquid outlet valve is arranged at the bottom end of the conveyor belt.

The utility model discloses still include the feeder hopper, the feeder hopper is located the top of cavity, and pass through the pipeline the cavity makes its export be located the top of cylinder, be equipped with the pay-off control valve on the pipeline of feeder hopper.

The utility model discloses the inner chamber just in the bottom of cylinder is still equipped with the screw at the interval, the screw is located same axis of rotation with this cylinder, rotates along with this cylinder is synchronous.

The utility model discloses have following technological effect:

(1) the utility model discloses with the diaphragm with just, negative pole piece miscellany puts into flexible separator together, utilize the flexible impact force of liquid, effectively realized the diaphragm with just, the negative pole piece separation, negative pole material separates from the negative current collector, because this kind of separation is realized through the flexible impact of liquid, not only be favorable to the separation of diaphragm and negative pole material, and the course of separation can not make the diaphragm, positive plate, negative pole material and negative current collector damage, the integrality of above-mentioned material itself has effectively been guaranteed, the possibility that each material reaches each other and impurity adhesion has been avoided, and utilize the existence of diaphragm, both can alleviate just, between the negative pole piece and with the cylinder between direct friction collision wearing and tearing, still make negative pole material and negative current collector separate very easily simultaneously, the metallic impurity's in the negative pole material content has significantly reduced.

(2) The utility model discloses a guipure conveyer has realized the separation of negative electrode material and positive plate, negative current collector, has avoided the wearing and tearing of each material, makes the negative electrode material do not have anodal powder and impurity aluminium, and impurity copper content is extremely low, makes graphite need not remove the direct regeneration of copper through the acid leaching and becomes possible.

(3) The utility model discloses a graphite negative electrode material that the back filtration obtained is peeled off in the flexibility can directly be regenerated, need not to remove metallic impurity, and the graphite negative electrode regeneration that obtains through meticulous breakage only removes copper metallic impurity can. The solid phase regeneration of the anode material obtained by fine crushing only removes aluminum impurities, the influence of copper and graphite impurities on the material property does not need to be considered, and the direct dry solid phase regeneration of the anode material is effectively guaranteed.

(4) The utility model discloses it is compatible strong, can compatible ternary, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate battery.

(5) The utility model discloses whole flow is whole to adopt the physics sorting method, need not use acid, the alkali separation, there is not "three wastes" emission, it is just positive to have realized abandonment lithium cell, the negative pole material is high-efficient, low cost, accurate separation, impurity content is low, effectively improved just, the phase purity after the negative pole material is retrieved, it is possible to make direct industrialization solid phase regeneration of lithium iron phosphate and ternary positive pole material, the negative pole material is retrieved through straining to exhaust solution, but liquid cyclic utilization, the recovery cost of abandonment lithium cell has been practiced thrift greatly, be favorable to industrialization large-scale production, accord with the demand of present industry, very extensive application prospect has.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.

It should also be noted that the terms "one end", "the other end", "the upper end", "the lower end", "the side end", "the top" and "the bottom" in the embodiments of the present invention are only relative terms or reference to the normal use status of the product, or reference to the position shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be considered as limiting.

Waste lithium cell include abandonment ternary lithium cell, abandonment lithium iron phosphate lithium cell, abandonment lithium cobalt oxide lithium cell and abandonment lithium manganese oxide lithium cell, the positive plate comprises cathode material and the anodal mass flow body, the negative pole piece comprises cathode material and negative current collector, and wherein cathode material is graphite, and the anodal mass flow body is the aluminium foil, and the negative current collector is the copper foil.

The utility model provides a flexible accurate piece-rate system just, negative pole material of abandonment lithium cell discharges through the charging and discharging machine, makes battery voltage be less than 1V, then separates out the diaphragm that the size is 5 ~ 100mm irregular slice or curly form and just, negative pole piece mixed material carries out the separation processing through the automatic separation of physical methods such as mechanical breakage, magnetic separation, screening.

Referring to fig. 1, the flexible precise separation system for positive and negative electrode materials of waste lithium batteries provided by the utility model comprises a flexible separation device 3, a mesh belt conveyor 9, a drying device 10, a color sorting device 14, a positive electrode plate fine crusher 17 and a negative electrode plate fine crusher 18; the flexible separation device 3 comprises a cylindrical cavity 35 with an inner cavity 32, the upper end of the cavity 35 is provided with a conical collection end 36, the bottom of the cavity is provided with an inverted-cone-shaped discharge end 37, the side surface of the lower end of the cavity 35 is provided with a liquid inlet pipe 351, the opening and closing of the liquid inlet pipe 351 are controlled by a liquid inlet control valve 352, and liquid (water) enters the inner cavity 32 through the liquid inlet pipe 351; the center of the inner cavity 31 is provided with a roller 31 which can rotate forwards and backwards around the central axis a-a of the inner cavity 31. Specifically, the roller 31 is a cylindrical member with an open upper end and formed by enclosing a side wall and a bottom, the bottom and the side wall of the cylindrical member are both provided with a plurality of filter holes 311, the roller 31 is driven to rotate by a rotating shaft (not shown) arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical member, the rotating shaft is driven by an external motor and is controlled to open, close and turn by a controller, and the rotating speed of the roller 31 is 50-1500 r/min. A discharge pipe 38 is provided at the lower end of the side wall of the drum 31 and is controlled by a drum discharge valve 33.

When the roller 31 is fed with the mixture of the positive and negative plates and the diaphragm after crushing and sorting, liquid enters the bottom of the inner cavity 32 through the liquid inlet pipe 351, and the volume ratio of the mixture to the liquid is 1/10000-1/10. The liquid is water and enters the roller 31 through the filter holes 311, the roller 31 is driven by the motor to rotate around the central shaft a-a in the inner cavity 32 in a forward direction (clockwise rotation) and a reverse direction (anticlockwise rotation) repeatedly, the inner cavity 32 and the roller 31 are filled with the liquid, after a mixed material with a positive plate, a negative plate and a diaphragm is placed in the roller 31, the motor drives the roller 31 to rotate in the reverse direction once every 5-120 seconds, the half-way residence time is 3-60 seconds, after the roller rotates for 5-120 minutes, the diaphragm is separated from the positive plate and the negative material is separated from the negative plate, the roller 31 rotates for 5-30 minutes in a directional mode, and the diaphragm which is washed cleanly floats upwards in the roller 31 gradually. The rotation of cylinder 31 will drive liquid rotatory, and liquid drives the misce bene rotatory, and cylinder 31 rotates after a period of time backward rotatory in opposite direction, forms relative motion between cylinder 31 just, reversal and the liquid, and this in-process misce bene can take place as follows and change: when the roller 31 stops rotating and rotates in the opposite direction, impact is generated on the liquid, under the impact, mixed materials in the liquid can be scattered instantly, and because the density of the liquid is higher than that of the diaphragm and lower than that of the positive and negative pole pieces, the lighter diaphragm can float upwards, and the positive and negative pole pieces can sink downwards heavily. Thus, the diaphragm, the positive plate and the negative plate which are bonded together after being crushed can be separated under the impact action of liquid, and the impact force of the liquid can wash the surface of the separated diaphragm, so that impurities on the diaphragm can be removed. Meanwhile, as the negative electrode material (graphite) on the negative electrode sheet is coated on the negative electrode current collector (copper foil), and the adopted binder is an aqueous binder, the aqueous binder can be dissolved when meeting liquid, so that the powdery negative electrode material is stripped from the negative electrode current collector and dissolved in the liquid, and the stripping can be further accelerated by the continuous impact of the liquid, and the residual aqueous binder on the surface of the negative electrode current collector is washed, so that the negative electrode current collector (copper foil) is exposed in a darker color. Since the drum 31 has a plurality of filter holes 311, the stripped negative electrode material is filtered out from each filter hole 311 along with the rotation of the drum 31. Therefore, the diaphragm is separated from the positive and negative pole pieces and impurities on the diaphragm are washed away through the repeated forward and reverse rotation of the roller and the relative motion between the liquid, and most negative pole materials are separated from the negative pole current collector.

The utility model discloses above-mentioned flexible separator can realize following technological effect: firstly, separating a diaphragm from a positive plate and a negative plate; peeling the negative electrode material from the negative electrode current collector; the liquid impact caused by the rotation of the roller is soft impact, the diaphragm, the positive plate, the negative material and the negative current collector are not damaged in the diaphragm separation and negative material stripping process from the negative current collector, and the defects that the material contains more impurities and powder loss is caused due to the fact that more powder is adhered to the material due to the fact that external conditions such as static electricity and the like are selected through eddy current in the prior art are effectively avoided; due to the existence of the diaphragm, the problem that the powder collected subsequently contains higher metal impurities because the metal fine powder is generated due to the fact that the metal negative current collector is abraded and the direct friction collision between the positive plate and the negative plate and the collision with the roller are buffered.

Specifically, the utility model discloses the aperture of straining hole 311 on the cylinder 31 is 0.5 ~ 5mm, with the mixed material size adaptation after the breakage. The design of the filtering holes 311 on the roller 31 can enable the fallen negative electrode material to be discharged out of the roller 31 under the action of centrifugal force generated by rotation of the roller 31, and avoid the generation of metal impurities due to friction with a negative electrode current collector when the material is left in the roller 31. This is because the metal impurity particles generally produced are fine, about 300 mesh, and even sieving is difficult to achieve separation, which undoubtedly increases the separation cost. Therefore, the utility model discloses above-mentioned structural design can avoid negative pole material and the negative current collector and positive plate friction to produce impurity, in addition when the negative current collector damage falls into less granule, can directly discharge along with filtration pore 311, also can avoid the less separation of the follow-up step of not being convenient for of negative current collector quilt wearing and tearing.

In the structural design of the flexible separating device 3, the upper end of the cavity 35 is provided with a conical collecting end 36, the upper end or the top of the conical collecting end 36 is provided with an overflow port (the top of the conical collecting end 36 shown in fig. 1, and can also be arranged at the side part of the upper end), and the overflow pipe 4 is connected with the overflow pipe 4, namely the overflow pipe 4 is communicated with the inner cavity 32 through the conical collecting end 36, and the separated and washed clean membrane can slowly float on the liquid from the inner part of the roller 31 upwards and is discharged from the overflow pipe 4 along with the liquid. The design of the tapered collection end 36 can prevent the diaphragm from remaining in the roller 31, which is beneficial to the full discharge of the diaphragm, so that the remaining mixed material in the roller 31 has no diaphragm entrainment. The overflow pipe 4 exit below is equipped with shale shaker 5, because diaphragm density is less than liquid density, consequently, liquid constantly gushes into the back from the bottom of inner chamber 32, it is just repeated at cylinder 31, the in-process of reversal in-process, the diaphragm that separates and wash clean floats gradually on liquid, overflow mouth entering overflow pipe 4 along with cavity 35 top setting, discharge together with liquid, then filter through the screen cloth on shale shaker 5 again, shale shaker mesh aperture is 0.5 ~ 5mm, the material is the diaphragm on the sieve, undersize material the inside is the mixture of liquid and minimum part negative pole material, undersize material can be unified through filtration treatment recovery negative pole material powder, liquid cyclic utilization, reduce the recovery cost.

The lower extreme of cavity 35 is equipped with the discharge end 37 of back taper, the diaphragm is from overflow pipe 4 discharge back, contain positive plate in the liquid in the cylinder 31, the negative pole material, the negative pole mass flow body (contains the negative pole mass flow body that remains the negative pole material in a small quantity), can open cylinder bleeder valve 33 and the flexible separator bleeder valve 7 of cylinder 31 lower extreme design this moment, above-mentioned mixed material will follow liquid and discharge from discharging pipe 38 and get into inner chamber 35, fall into discharge end 37 bottom under the action of gravity, discharge end 37 bottom is equipped with the bin outlet, the mixed material passes through the bin outlet 7 control and discharges from the bin outlet, the bin outlet connects guipure conveyer 9 entry.

Referring to fig. 1 again, the utility model discloses still include feeder hopper 1, feeder hopper 1 is located the top of cavity 35, and feeder hopper 1 passes through the toper collection end 36 of cavity 35 upper end through the pipeline, and its export is located the cylinder 31 top, and the mixed material that has diaphragm, positive plate and negative plate can be followed feeder hopper 1 pipeline and sent into in the cylinder 31. A feed control valve 2 is also provided in the feed hopper 1 to control the amount of mixture entering the drum 31.

Further referring to fig. 1, the utility model discloses in the below of cylinder 31, still be equipped with screw 34, screw 34 is located same pivot with cylinder 31, and the interval sets up, can rotate along with this cylinder 31 is synchronous. By utilizing the rotation of the propeller 34, an upward axial thrust can be generated on the liquid in the roller 31, so that the liquid in the roller 31 is subjected to the axial thrust from the propeller 34 while the roller 31 is driven to rotate radially, and multi-directional flexible impact force is generated on the mixed material in the roller 31, on one hand, the complete separation between the diaphragm and the positive and negative electrode plates and the stripping speed of the negative electrode material from the negative electrode current collector can be accelerated, and on the other hand, the upward axial thrust can promote the separated diaphragm in the roller 31 to move upwards at an accelerated speed, float on the liquid and push the diaphragm to move towards an overflow port at the top (or upper end) of the cavity 35. Because screw 34 sets up below cylinder 31, can avoid the mixture with screw 34 direct contact, reduce the damage to the mixture, reduce the production of impurity.

The mesh belt conveyor 9 is provided with a conveyor belt 91, a plurality of meshes are arranged on the conveyor belt 91, the aperture of the meshes of the conveyor belt is 0.5-5 mm, a liquid outlet pipe 92 is arranged at the bottom end, the conveyor belt 91 of the mesh belt conveyor 9 is obliquely arranged in two sections, wherein the inclination angle of the second section is larger than that of the first section, specifically, the first inclination angle can be 15-30 degrees, the inclination angle of the second section can be 45-60 degrees, the mixed material is favorably filtered and discharged, and the occupied area can be saved. The mixed material with positive plate, negative pole material, negative pole mass flow body (contains the negative pole mass flow body that remains the negative pole material in a small amount) is discharged from the discharge end 37 bottom bin outlet back, fall into on the mesh of guipure conveyer 9, because positive plate, the negative pole mass flow body (contains the negative pole mass flow body that remains the negative pole material in a small amount) is irregular slice or the curly form that has certain size, and the negative pole material is graphite powder, liquid and negative pole material filter out from the mesh very easily, and flow to the drain pipe 92 of bottom along the bottom of guipure conveyer 9 slope under the action of gravity, through setting up negative pole material collection box 8 filtration treatment in the drain pipe 92 below, retrieve negative pole material powder. The mixed material of the positive plate, the negative current collector and the residual negative plate is remained on the conveying belt 91 of the mesh belt conveyor 9, so that the negative material is separated from the positive plate and the negative current collector (containing a small amount of negative current collector with the residual negative material). And after the negative electrode material is filtered out along with the liquid, filtering to recover negative electrode material powder, and recycling the liquid. Through mesh belt conveyor 9, the separation of the mixed liquid of powdery negative material and liquid and the solid positive plate and negative current collector (containing a small amount of negative current collector with negative material) is realized, on the one hand, the condition is created for subsequent color sorting, on the other hand, under the action of liquid, the powdery negative material can be filtered out from meshes along with the liquid, the vibration mode of the prior art is not needed to be adopted to separate powder and block materials, the abrasion of each material is avoided, meanwhile, the defect of containing metal impurities in the negative material powder caused by the vibration mode is also avoided, the negative material can be directly regenerated, and metal impurities do not need to be removed.

The positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode current collector (including the negative electrode current collector with a small amount of the negative electrode material remaining) are separated from the negative electrode material by the mesh belt conveyor 9, and then still contain much moisture. The utility model discloses the 9 exports of guipure conveyer correspond the position, are equipped with drying device 10, and the mixed material of positive plate, negative current collector (containing a small amount of negative current collector that remain negative material) gets into in drying device 10 after guipure conveyer 9 filters. The drying device 10 comprises a heating furnace 101 and a conveying belt 102, the temperature in the heating furnace 101 is 50-150 ℃, the mixed materials of the positive plate with the water content and the negative current collector (containing a small amount of negative current collector with negative material) on the conveying belt 102 can be heated in the conveying process, the heating time is 0.5-12 h, the moisture in the mixed materials is evaporated, the material adhesion is avoided, and the subsequent sorting is facilitated. The outlet of the drying device 10 is provided with a mixed material conveyor 11, the mixed material conveyor 11 is arranged in an upward inclined manner and is provided with a feeding conveyor belt 111, an inlet at the bottom of the feeding conveyor belt 111 is connected with the dried mixed material, and the dried mixed material is conveyed into a corresponding photoelectric color sorting device 14 from the outlet of the feeding conveyor belt 111.

After the drying process is completed, the mixture of the positive plate and the negative current collector (including a small amount of negative current collector with the negative material remaining) enters the color sorting device 14. The color sorting device 14 can select a photoelectric color sorting device, because the negative current collector is generally a copper foil, after the negative material is stripped from the negative plate, the surface of the copper foil has certain chroma, and the copper foil with chroma in the dry mixed material can be identified by using the photoelectric color sorting device, so that the negative current collector (containing a small amount of negative current collector with the residual negative material) is accurately separated from the positive plate. Specifically, the color sorting device 14 includes a color sorting processing chamber 141, an inlet above the color sorting processing chamber 141 is provided with a vibrating feeder 12, an inlet of the vibrating feeder 12 is in butt joint with an outlet of the feeding conveyor belt 111, an outlet of the vibrating feeder 12 is provided with an inclined feeding sliding plate 13, the feeding sliding plate 13 corresponds to the inlet of the color sorting processing chamber 141, a high-speed sorting air valve 142 is arranged at an outlet at the bottom of the color sorting processing chamber 141, and a positive plate receiving hopper 16 and a negative collector receiving hopper 15 are arranged below the outlet. After the mixed material of the positive plate and the negative current collector (containing a small amount of negative current collector with the residual negative material) is dried, the mixed material is uniformly transmitted through the feeding conveying belt 111, reaches the vibrating feeder 12 arranged above the color sorting device 14, and through the vibration of the vibrating feeder 12, the positive plate and the negative current collector (containing a small amount of negative current collector with the residual negative material) uniformly fall into the color sorting processing chamber 141 along the feeding sliding plate 13. After entering the color sorting processing chamber 141, the light passes through the background and the image processing sensor arranged in the color sorting processing chamber 141, under the action of the light source, the image processing sensor receives the synthesized light signal from the above materials, so that the system generates an output signal, amplifies the output signal and transmits the amplified signal to the control system, then the control system sends an instruction to drive the high-speed sorting air valve 142 to act, the negative current collector (containing a small amount of residual negative material) with dark color is blown into the corresponding negative receiving hopper 15, the positive plate automatically falls into the corresponding positive receiving hopper 16 under the action of self weight, and the positive plate and the negative current collector (containing a small amount of residual negative material) are accurately separated.

And respectively taking out the positive plate in the positive electrode receiving hopper 16 and the negative current collector in the negative electrode receiving hopper 15 after color sorting, and putting the positive plate and the negative current collector into a positive plate fine crusher 17 and a negative plate fine crusher 18, so that the positive material is separated from the positive current collector, and a small amount of negative material in the negative current collector with the negative material left is separated from the negative current collector.

The utility model discloses utilize anodal mass flow body aluminium foil and the anodal material of adhesion above, negative pole mass flow body copper foil and the negative pole graphite material ductility difference of adhesion above, anodal piece breaker 17 that becomes more meticulous adopts prior art's hammer crusher to carry out the powder removal processing to the positive plate, because hammer crusher constantly strikes, positive plate metal particle diminishes, metal surface's anodal material is harder, drops very easily, through vibration screening again, can obtain the graininess aluminium grain (anodal mass flow body particle) and the likepowder of crouching. Similarly, the negative plate refinement crusher 18 adopts the hammer crusher in the prior art to perform powder removal treatment on the negative current collector (containing a small amount of negative current collector with negative material remaining), and due to the continuous impact of the hammer crusher, the metal particles of the negative current collector become small, the negative material on the metal surface is hard and easy to fall off, and through vibration screening, the coiled granular copper particles (negative current collector particles) and powdery negative powder can be obtained. Therefore, the waste lithium battery diaphragm, the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material are flexibly and accurately separated.

The utility model completely realizes the flexible and accurate separation between the diaphragm and the positive plate, between the negative plate, between the positive material and the positive current collector (aluminum foil), between the negative material and the negative current collector (copper foil), in the whole process, the diaphragm is separated from the positive plate and the negative plate, then the active material on the negative plate is separated from the negative plate, the interfusion of the copper impurities of the negative material and the negative current collector in the obtained positive material can be avoided, the interfusion of the aluminum of the positive material and the positive current collector in the negative material is avoided, the recovered diaphragm does not contain powder, the impurity content of the positive and negative materials is very low, the burden is lightened for the back-end wet recovery impurity removal, the problem that the copper aluminum impurities are simultaneously removed in the traditional follow-up wet regeneration impurity removal is effectively solved, (because the obtained powder contains more copper aluminum and graphite impurities), the complex process is needed, and a large amount of acid and alkali are consumed, the process the utility model discloses only need handle after the processing correspond impurity can to the graphite cathode material who obtains through flexible back filter of peeling off need not the edulcoration, the graphite cathode that obtains through meticulous breakage only remove copper impurity can, the cathode material that meticulous breakage obtained only remove aluminum impurity can. Meanwhile, the positive electrode material is not influenced by metal impurity elements, and direct dry solid phase regeneration provides a powerful guarantee, and discharged solution is filtered to recover the negative electrode material, so that liquid can be recycled.

The utility model discloses can compatible multiple kind lithium cell, practice thrift the acid-base quantity of rear end wet process, effectively reduce the recovery cost of abandonment lithium cell. And because the negative electrode material is stripped through liquid flexible impact, the impurity content of copper and aluminum is extremely low, the direct regeneration requirement of graphite can be met, meanwhile, because the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separately and finely crushed, the impurity copper in the positive electrode material is almost zero, the impurity content of aluminum can also meet the direct regeneration requirement after simple treatment, and the industrial production can be realized.

The working process of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the application examples.

Example 1:

s1, discharging the waste ternary lithium battery for about 4 hours (discharging for many times to ensure that the voltage of the battery is lower than 1V) through a charging and discharging machine, then automatically disassembling and separating the mixed material with the size of about 20mm and provided with the diaphragm, the positive plate and the negative plate through methods of mechanical crushing, magnetic separation, screening and the like, and directly recycling the battery shell.

S2 referring to fig. 1, the mixed material is put into the roller 31 in the flexible separating device 1 through the feed hopper 1, the device takes water as medium, the liquid inlet control valve 352 on the liquid inlet pipe 352 at the lower end of the cavity 35 of the flexible separating device 1 is opened, the water enters the inner cavity 32 through the liquid inlet pipe 351, and the volume ratio of the mixed material of the diaphragm and the positive and negative pole pieces to the water medium is 1/50. Then the motor is started to drive the roller 31 to rotate, the aperture of the sieve mesh on the side wall and the bottom of the roller 31 is 2mm, the roller 31 drives the aqueous medium to realize forward and reverse rotation, the roller 31 rotates in the opposite direction once every 15 seconds, the half-way residence time is 10 seconds, the rotation speed is 300r/min, the treatment time is 60min, the diaphragm is separated from the positive pole piece and the negative pole piece, and the negative pole material is separated from the copper foil.

S3 continuously introducing aqueous medium from the liquid inlet pipe 352, and rotating the roller 31 for 15min at 200 r/min. The washing clean diaphragm gradually floats upwards in the roller 31, enters the overflow pipe 4 from an overflow port at the top of the conical collection end 36 at the upper end of the cavity 35 along with water and is discharged, and the diaphragm is collected by the vibrating screen 5 after being discharged. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 1mm, water falls into a liquid recovery tank 6 below the vibrating screen 5, a small amount of negative electrode material powder in the water is recovered, and the liquid is recycled.

S4, opening a roller discharge valve 33 on a discharge pipe on the side wall of the lower end of the roller 31, enabling a mixture material with a positive plate, a negative electrode material, a copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with the negative electrode material left to enter a discharge end 37 along with water flow, simultaneously opening a discharge valve 7 on a discharge port at the bottom of the discharge end 37, enabling the mixture material to enter a 1mm mesh belt conveyor 9 along with the water flow, and enabling a conveyor belt 91 of the mesh belt conveyor 9 to be obliquely arranged in two sections, wherein the inclination angle of the second section is 60 degrees, the inclination angle of the first section is 15 degrees, and the aperture of a mesh hole of the conveyor belt 91 is 1 mm. In the process that the mesh belt conveyor 9 continuously forwards and upwards transfers, the positive plate, the copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with the residual negative electrode material are remained on the conveyor belt 91, the negative electrode material leaks out along with water through the mesh holes on the conveyor belt 91 and flows into a negative electrode material recovery box 8 arranged at the bottom of the mesh belt conveyor 9, and the negative electrode material powder is recovered after filtration treatment.

S5 the mixed material of the positive plate, the copper foil and the small amount of copper foil with the residual negative electrode material left on the conveyor belt 91 enters a drying device 10 (tunnel furnace) along with the conveyor belt, the heating temperature is 60 ℃, after heating for a certain time, the mixed material of the positive plate, the copper foil and the small amount of copper foil with the residual negative electrode material is dried and sent to a conveyor 11 butted with the same, a feeding conveyor belt 111 on the conveyor 11 is obliquely arranged (the inclination angle is 60 degrees), the mixed material of the positive plate, the copper foil and the small amount of copper foil with the residual negative electrode material left on the feeding conveyor belt 111 is sent to a vibrating feeder 12 through the feeding conveyor belt 111, the mixed material is thrown into a feeding sliding plate 13 obliquely arranged at the inlet of a color selection processing chamber 141 of a photoelectric color selection device 14 through a vibrating feeder 12, the mixed material is selected through an air spraying color selection processing chamber 141, a high-speed selection valve 142 is driven by a control system to act, so that the copper foil and the small amount of the residual negative electrode material fall into a negative electrode current collector hopper 15, the positive electrode sheets fall into the corresponding positive electrode sheet receiving hopper 16, and the positive electrode sheets are separated from the copper foil (containing a small amount of residual negative electrode material).

And (8) placing the anode plate obtained after the sorting in the S6 into a first fine crusher 17, crushing and then sieving to separate the anode material from the aluminum foil. Meanwhile, the copper foil obtained by sorting (including the copper foil with a small amount of the remaining negative electrode material) is placed into a second fine crusher 18, and the copper foil is crushed and then screened, so that the negative electrode material and the copper foil are separated.

And (S7) filtering the discharged aqueous solution in the whole process to recover the negative electrode material, and recycling the liquid.

Table 1: example 1 impurity content of the treated product

	Al content	Cu content
			Positive electrode material	0.8％	49ppm
90% of negative electrode material	39ppm	75ppm
			10% of negative electrode material	42ppm	0.7％
Diaphragm	0	0

Example 2:

s1, discharging the waste lithium iron phosphate lithium battery for about 4 hours (discharging for many times to ensure that the battery voltage is lower than 1V) through a charging and discharging machine, then automatically disassembling and separating the mixed material with the diaphragm, the positive plate and the negative plate, the size of which is about 20mm, through methods of mechanical crushing, magnetic separation, screening and the like, and directly recycling the battery shell.

S2 referring to fig. 1, the mixed material is put into the roller 31 in the flexible separating device 1 through the feed hopper 1, the device takes water as medium, the liquid inlet control valve 352 on the liquid inlet pipe 352 at the lower end of the cavity 35 of the flexible separating device 1 is opened, the water enters the inner cavity 32 through the liquid inlet pipe 351, and the volume ratio of the mixed material of the diaphragm and the positive and negative pole pieces to the water medium is 1/100. And then the motor is started to drive the roller 31 to rotate, the aperture of the sieve mesh on the side wall and the bottom of the roller 31 is 1mm, the roller 31 drives the aqueous medium to realize forward and reverse rotation, the roller 31 rotates in the opposite direction once every 20 seconds, the half-way residence time is 10 seconds, the rotation speed is 400r/min, the treatment time is 40min, the diaphragm is separated from the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode material is separated from the copper foil.

S3 continuously introducing aqueous medium from the liquid inlet pipe 352, and rotating the roller 31 for 5min at 300 r/min. The washing clean diaphragm gradually floats upwards in the roller 31, enters the overflow pipe 4 from an overflow port at the top of the conical collection end 36 at the upper end of the cavity 35 along with water and is discharged, and the diaphragm is collected by the vibrating screen 5 after being discharged. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 0.5mm, water falls into a liquid recovery tank 6 below the vibrating screen 5, a small amount of negative electrode material powder in the water is recovered, and the liquid is recycled.

S4, opening a roller discharge valve 33 on a discharge pipe on the side wall of the lower end of the roller 31, enabling a mixture material with a positive plate, a negative electrode material, a copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with the negative electrode material left to enter a discharge end 37 along with water flow, simultaneously opening a discharge valve 7 on a discharge port at the bottom of the discharge end 37, enabling the mixture material to enter a 0.5mm mesh belt conveyor 9 along with the water flow, and enabling a conveyor belt 91 of the mesh belt conveyor 9 to be obliquely arranged in two sections, wherein the inclination angle of the second section is 60 degrees, the inclination angle of the first section is 15 degrees, and the aperture of a mesh hole of the conveyor belt 91 is 1 mm. In the process that the mesh belt conveyor 9 continuously forwards and upwards transfers, the positive plate, the copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with the residual negative electrode material are remained on the conveyor belt 91, the negative electrode material leaks out along with water through the mesh holes on the conveyor belt 91 and flows into a negative electrode material recovery box 8 arranged at the bottom of the mesh belt conveyor 9, and the negative electrode material powder is recovered after filtration treatment.

S5 the mixed material of the positive plate, the copper foil and the small amount of copper foil with the residual negative electrode material left on the conveyor belt 91 enters a drying device 10 (tunnel furnace) along with the conveyor belt, the heating temperature is 100 ℃, after heating for a certain time, the mixed material of the positive plate, the copper foil and the small amount of copper foil with the residual negative electrode material is dried and sent to a conveyor 11 butted with the same, a feeding conveyor belt 111 on the conveyor 11 is obliquely arranged (the inclination angle is 60 degrees), the mixed material of the positive plate, the copper foil and the small amount of copper foil with the residual negative electrode material left on the feeding conveyor belt 111 is sent to a vibrating feeder 12 through the feeding conveyor belt 111, the mixed material is thrown into a feeding sliding plate 13 obliquely arranged at the inlet of a color selection processing chamber 141 of a photoelectric color selection device 14 through a vibrating feeder 12, the mixed material is selected through an air spraying color selection processing chamber 141, a high-speed selection valve 142 is driven by a control system to act, so that the copper foil and the small amount of the residual negative electrode material fall into a negative electrode current collector hopper 15, the positive electrode sheets fall into the corresponding positive electrode sheet receiving hopper 16, and the positive electrode sheets are separated from the copper foil (containing a small amount of residual negative electrode material).

And (8) placing the anode plate obtained after the sorting in the S6 into a first fine crusher 17, crushing and then sieving to separate the anode material from the aluminum foil. Meanwhile, the copper foil obtained by sorting (including the copper foil with a small amount of the remaining negative electrode material) is placed into a second fine crusher 18, and the copper foil is crushed and then screened, so that the negative electrode material and the copper foil are separated.

And (S7) filtering the discharged aqueous solution in the whole process to recover the negative electrode material, and recycling the liquid.

Table 2: example 2 impurity content of the treated product

	Al content	Cu content
			Positive electrode material	0.7％	46ppm
93% of negative electrode material	41ppm	75ppm
			7% of negative electrode material	42ppm	0.8％
Diaphragm	0	0

Example 3:

s1, discharging the waste lithium cobalt oxide lithium battery for about 4 hours (discharging for many times to ensure that the battery voltage is lower than 1V) through a charging and discharging machine, then automatically disassembling and separating the mixed material with the size of about 20mm and provided with the diaphragm, the positive plate and the negative plate through methods of mechanical crushing, magnetic separation, screening and the like, and directly recycling the battery shell.

S2 referring to fig. 1, the mixed material is put into the roller 31 in the flexible separating device 1 through the feed hopper 1, the device takes water as medium, the liquid inlet control valve 352 on the liquid inlet pipe 352 at the lower end of the cavity 35 of the flexible separating device 1 is opened, the water enters the inner cavity 32 through the liquid inlet pipe 351, and the volume ratio of the mixed material of the diaphragm and the positive and negative pole pieces to the water medium is 1/150. Then the motor is started to drive the roller 31 and the propeller 34 to rotate together, the aperture of the sieve mesh on the side wall and the bottom of the roller 31 is 1mm, the roller 31 and the propeller 34 drive the aqueous medium to realize forward and reverse rotation, the roller 31 and the propeller 34 rotate in opposite directions every 20 seconds, the half-way residence time is 15 seconds, the rotating speed is 800r/min, the treatment time is 20min, so that the diaphragm is separated from the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode material is separated from the copper foil.

S3 continuously introducing aqueous medium from the liquid inlet pipe 352, and then directionally rotating the roller 31 for 30min at a rotation speed of 100 r/min. The washing clean diaphragm gradually floats upwards in the roller 31, enters the overflow pipe 4 from an overflow port at the top of the conical collection end 36 at the upper end of the cavity 35 along with water and is discharged, and the diaphragm is collected by the vibrating screen 5 after being discharged. The aperture of the vibrating screen is 0.5mm, water falls into a liquid recovery tank 6 below the vibrating screen 5, a small amount of negative electrode material powder in the water is recovered, and the liquid is recycled.

S4, opening a roller discharge valve 33 on a discharge pipe on the side wall of the lower end of the roller 31, enabling a mixture material with a positive plate, a negative electrode material, a copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with the negative electrode material left to enter a discharge end 37 along with water flow, simultaneously opening a discharge valve 7 on a discharge port at the bottom of the discharge end 37, enabling the mixture material to enter a 1mm mesh belt conveyor 9 along with the water flow, and enabling a conveyor belt 91 of the mesh belt conveyor 9 to be obliquely arranged in two sections, wherein the inclination angle of the second section is 60 degrees, the inclination angle of the first section is 15 degrees, and the aperture of a mesh hole of the conveyor belt 91 is 0.5 mm. In the process that the mesh belt conveyor 9 continuously forwards and upwards transfers, the positive plate, the copper foil and a small amount of copper foil with the residual negative electrode material are remained on the conveyor belt 91, the negative electrode material leaks out along with water through the mesh holes on the conveyor belt 91 and flows into a negative electrode material recovery box 8 arranged at the bottom of the mesh belt conveyor 9, and the negative electrode material powder is recovered after filtration treatment.

S5 the mixed material of the positive plate, the copper foil and the small amount of copper foil with the residual negative material left on the conveyor belt 91 enters a drying device 10 (tunnel furnace) along with the conveyor belt, the heating temperature is 150 ℃, after heating for a certain time, the positive plate, the copper foil and the small amount of copper foil with the residual negative material left are dried, the mixed material is sent to a conveyor 11 butted with the conveyer 11, a feeding conveyor belt 111 on the conveyor 11 is obliquely arranged (the inclination angle is 60 degrees), the mixed material of the positive plate, the copper foil and the small amount of copper foil with the residual negative material left on the feeding conveyor belt 111 is conveyed to a vibrating feeder 12 through the feeding conveyor belt 111, the mixed material is thrown into a feeding sliding plate 13 obliquely arranged at the inlet of a color sorting processing chamber 141 of a photoelectric color sorting device 14 by the vibrating feeder 12 in a vibrating mode, the mixed material is sorted through the color sorting processing chamber 141, a high-speed sorting air jet valve 142 is driven by a control system to act, so that the copper foil and the small amount of the copper foil with the residual negative material left fall into a negative current collector receiving hopper 15, the positive electrode sheets fall into the corresponding positive electrode sheet receiving hopper 16, and the positive electrode sheets are separated from the copper foil (containing a small amount of residual negative electrode material).

And (8) placing the anode plate obtained after the sorting in the S6 into a first fine crusher 17, crushing and then sieving to separate the anode material from the aluminum foil. Meanwhile, the copper foil obtained by sorting (including the copper foil with a small amount of the remaining negative electrode material) is placed into a second fine crusher 18, and the copper foil is crushed and then screened, so that the negative electrode material and the copper foil are separated.

And (S7) filtering the discharged aqueous solution in the whole process to recover the negative electrode material, and recycling the liquid.

Table 3: example 3 impurity content of the treated product

	Al content	Cu content
			Positive electrode material	0.5％	50ppm
93.5% of negative electrode material	55ppm	60ppm
			6.5% of negative electrode material	45ppm	0.7％
Diaphragm	0	0

The above embodiments of the present invention are only shown as the parts of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art will fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The flexible precise separation system for the anode material and the cathode material of the waste lithium battery is characterized by comprising a flexible separation device, a mesh belt conveyor, a drying device, a color sorting device, a fine anode plate crusher and a fine cathode plate crusher, wherein the flexible separation device comprises a cavity with an inner cavity, a roller capable of rotating around the central axis of the inner cavity in a positive and reverse direction is arranged in the center of the inner cavity, and a plurality of filter holes are formed in the roller; the cavity upper end or top be connected with the overflow pipe of inner chamber intercommunication, the overflow pipe export is equipped with the shale shaker, the cavity lower extreme is equipped with and supplies liquid to get into the feed liquor pipe of inner chamber, the bottom is equipped with the bin outlet, with the guipure conveyer entry corresponds, guipure conveyer export with the drying device entry corresponds, the drying device export corresponds and is equipped with the look selection device, the correspondence of look selection device export is equipped with the meticulous breaker of positive plate with the meticulous breaker of negative pole piece.

2. The flexible and accurate separation system for the anode and cathode materials of the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the roller is a cylindrical member with an open upper end and formed by enclosing a side wall and a bottom, the side wall and the bottom of the roller are provided with a plurality of filtering holes, and the diameter of each filtering hole of the roller is 0.5-5 mm.

3. The flexible precise separation system for the anode and cathode materials of the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 2, wherein a discharge pipe controlled by a discharge valve of the drum is provided at the lower end of the side wall of the drum.

4. The flexible precise separation system for the positive and negative electrode materials of the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper end of the cavity has a tapered collection end, and the upper end or the top of the tapered collection end is provided with an overflow port connected with the overflow pipe; the cavity lower extreme is equipped with the discharge end of back taper, discharge end bottom is equipped with can be by discharge valve control the bin outlet.

5. The flexible precise separation system for the positive and negative electrode materials of the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aperture of the vibrating screen is 0.5-5 mm.

6. The flexible and accurate separation system for the anode and cathode materials of the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the color sorting device is a photoelectric color sorting device and comprises a color sorting chamber, a vibrating feeder is arranged at an inlet of the color sorting chamber, an inlet of the vibrating feeder is in butt joint with an outlet of a mixed material conveyor, an inclined feeding sliding plate is arranged at an outlet of the vibrating feeder, the feeding sliding plate corresponds to the inlet of the color sorting chamber, a high-speed sorting air valve is arranged at an outlet at the bottom of the color sorting chamber, an anode plate receiving hopper and a cathode current collector receiving hopper are arranged below the outlet, and the anode plate receiving hopper and the cathode current collector receiving hopper correspond to the anode plate fine crusher and the cathode plate fine crusher respectively.

7. The flexible precise separation system for the anode and cathode materials of the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesh belt conveyor has a conveyor belt, the conveyor belt is arranged in two sections, the inclination angle of the second section is larger than that of the first section, the conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of meshes, the aperture of each mesh is 0.5-5 mm, and a liquid outlet pipe which can be controlled by a liquid outlet valve is arranged at the bottom end of the conveyor belt.

8. The flexible precise separation system for the positive and negative electrode materials of the waste lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a feed hopper, wherein the feed hopper is located above the cavity, and passes through the cavity through a pipeline, so that an outlet of the feed hopper is located at the top end of the roller, and a feed control valve is arranged on the pipeline of the feed hopper.

9. The flexible precise separation system for the anode and cathode materials of the waste lithium batteries as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a propeller is further arranged at an interval in the inner cavity and at the bottom of the roller, and the propeller and the roller are positioned on the same rotating shaft and rotate synchronously with the roller.

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