CN214477627U

CN214477627U - Charged crushing combined device for waste lithium ion power battery

Info

Publication number: CN214477627U
Application number: CN202023120759.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈建军; 张涛; 傅婷婷; 叶利强; 田勇; 闵杰; 符冬菊; 夏露
Original assignee: Shenzhen Research Institute Tsinghua University
Current assignee: Tsinghua University; Shenzhen Research Institute Tsinghua University
Priority date: 2020-12-22
Filing date: 2020-12-22
Publication date: 2021-10-22
Anticipated expiration: 2030-12-22

Abstract

The utility model provides an electrified broken composite set of old and useless lithium ion power battery, including throwing material platform, first breaker, basin, conveyer belt, belt dryer, second breaker, first breaker is fixed on throwing the material platform, the discharge gate and the basin opening butt joint of first breaker, the feed inlet of conveyer belt is soaked in the basin, the belt dryer has dry chamber, the feed inlet of the discharge gate butt joint dry chamber setting of conveyer belt, the discharge gate butt joint second breaker feed inlet of dry chamber setting, crushed aggregates follow the ejection of compact of second breaker discharge gate. The utility model discloses a first breaker coarse crushing, water soaking, belt drying, second breaker are broken in small, broken safely to the lithium cell and are protected, have eliminated the potential safety hazard in the processing procedure to avoided through follow-up stoving because of the material drawback that leads to unable sorting excessively wet, safe and reliable, degree of automation is high, and the pollution to the environment has effectively been avoided in the no waste water outflow.

Description

Charged crushing combined device for waste lithium ion power battery

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a waste battery retrieves technical field, concretely relates to electrified broken composite set of waste lithium ion power battery.

Background

With the continuous increase of the reserve of new energy vehicles, the demand of large-scale power lithium batteries is brought, the industrial opportunity of lithium battery recovery and echelon utilization is also brought, and considerable economic benefits and investment opportunities are generated when resource waste and pollution are avoided by developing lithium battery recovery and echelon utilization. The waste lithium ion battery is recycled, and is firstly crushed.

The crushing in the recovery process of the power lithium ion battery is an important part, a shredder is usually used for shredding the battery cell in the prior art, and in the shredding process, because the battery is extruded, the positive and negative pole pieces are likely to be contacted with each other, so that safety accidents such as explosion, fire and the like are easy to happen. In recent years, waste lithium ion batteries are crushed by adopting a wet cutting mode, an electrolyte is very easy to react with water to generate an acid solution with extremely high corrosivity, and a cutter shaft and a cutter blade of a crusher are soaked in an acid environment for a long time and are subjected to severe collision and friction in work, so that immeasurable destructive damage is very easy to cause, the safety hazard is also realized, and the production efficiency is greatly reduced.

Therefore, it is necessary to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to overcome above-mentioned prior art not enough, provide an electrified broken composite set of old and useless lithium ion power battery, aim at solving the incident problem that old and useless lithium ion battery appears in the crushing process.

The utility model provides an electrified broken composite set of old and useless lithium ion power battery, including throwing material platform, first breaker, basin, conveyer belt, belt dryer, second breaker, first breaker is fixed throw on the material platform, the discharge gate of first breaker with the butt joint of basin opening, the feed inlet of conveyer belt soak in the basin, the belt dryer has dry chamber, the discharge gate of conveyer belt connects the feed inlet that dry chamber set up, the discharge gate that dry chamber set up connects the second breaker feed inlet, crushed aggregates are followed the ejection of compact of second breaker discharge gate.

In the device, the first crusher is a double-shaft crusher, and the second crusher is a single-shaft crusher.

In the device, the conveyer belt is an anti-corrosion net chain conveyer belt and is obliquely arranged at an angle of 30-45 degrees.

In the device, a first storage bin is arranged above the first crusher and is in butt joint with the first crusher, and a second storage bin is arranged above the second crusher and is in butt joint with the second crusher.

In the device, a discharge guide plate is arranged at the discharge port of the belt dryer.

In the device, the inner cavity of the first crusher, the drying cavity of the belt dryer and the inner cavity of the second crusher are respectively communicated with an exhaust pipe, each exhaust pipe is communicated with a main exhaust pipe, and the main exhaust pipe is connected with a purifying device.

In the device, the drying cavity is externally connected with at least one hot air pipe, and the heater and the blower are connected through the hot air pipe.

In the above device, a butterfly valve capable of adjusting the flow rate of hot air in the hot air pipe may be provided on the hot air pipe.

The utility model discloses has following technological effect:

(1) the utility model discloses a first breaker, second breaker segmentation broken handle, first breaker carry out coarse crushing preliminary treatment in being in dry environment, because first breaker bottom is opened, the discharge gate with the butt joint of basin opening for can quick blanking after broken flow is accomplished, old and useless lithium ion battery dwell time is very brief in breaker intracavity, can not produce the phenomenon of blasting in breaker intracavity.

(2) The utility model discloses immerse immediately after the quick blanking of old and useless lithium ion battery coarse fodder after the coarse crushing preliminary treatment and soak in the basin, can destroy battery inner structure rapidly, make the battery inefficacy very fast, reduced follow-up broken risk of selecting separately the processing, can improve the treatment effeciency, reduce artificial intervention, stop to cause harm to the human body. Meanwhile, the corrosion risk of the acid solution is greatly reduced by adopting a corrosion-resistant water tank and conveying equipment.

(3) The utility model discloses set up the basin and soak and protect the broken safety of lithium cell to dry through follow-up desiccator and avoided leading to the drawback that can't select separately because of the material is wet excessively, safe and reliable degree of automation is higher. In addition, water in the water tank is only used for soaking coarse materials, does not participate in the circulation of a crushing system, and does not flow out of waste water, so that the subsequent problem caused by the corrosion of acidic waste water is avoided, the generation of secondary pollution is effectively avoided, and harmful substances and environmental hidden troubles in the recovery process of lithium ion battery resources are eliminated.

(4) The utility model discloses a belt dryer, transport through its dry intracavity setting transport area when transporting to the old and useless lithium ion battery coarse fodder after soaking dry and carry the second breaker, the existing quick drying who does benefit to the coarse fodder, belt conveying mode can avoid the coarse fodder to pile up moreover, has further guaranteed the security among the transportation process.

(5) The utility model discloses with first breaker inner chamber, belt dryer drying chamber, second breaker inner chamber respectively with the exhaust column intercommunication, concentrate the collection through the dust-laden air that produces in will coarse crushing preliminary treatment, soaking and the drying process through the negative pressure, purification treatment when avoiding the system raise dust, has eliminated the indiscriminate hidden danger that discharges of tail gas, has reduced the pollution to the environment.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a front view of an embodiment of a charged crushing combination device for waste lithium ion power batteries provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of FIG. 1 at A;

fig. 3 is a structural plan view of an embodiment of the charged crushing combination device for waste lithium ion power batteries provided by the utility model.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured" or "disposed" to another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.

It should also be noted that terms like "inner chamber," "upper end," "lower end," "upper portion," "bottom portion," "one end" or "the other end" in the embodiments of the present invention are merely relative terms or references to normal use of the product or to positions illustrated in the drawings, and are merely intended to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be considered limiting.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the waste lithium ion power battery charged crushing combination device of the present invention comprises a feeding platform 1, and a first crusher 3, a water tank 4, a conveyor belt 5, a belt dryer 6, and a second crusher 9, which are sequentially arranged, wherein the first crusher 3 is fixed on the feeding platform 1, the first crusher 3 is provided with a second feed inlet 31, the bottom of the first crusher is open, and a second discharge outlet 32 is arranged to be butted with an opening at the upper end of the water tank 4; one end of the conveying belt 5 is inserted into the water tank 4, the arranged third feeding port 51 is soaked in the water tank 4 and is driven by the motor 53 to move forwards, and the third discharging port 52 of the conveying belt 5 is connected with the fourth feeding port 61 of the belt dryer 6 and is positioned above the fourth feeding port 61. The belt dryer 6 is provided with a drying cavity 63, the two ends of the drying cavity 63 are respectively provided with the fourth feeding hole 61 and the fourth discharging hole 66, and a drying conveyer belt 62 is horizontally arranged in the drying cavity 63. The moisture of the battery coarse material dried by the belt dryer 6 is evaporated to dryness and enters the sixth feeding hole 91 of the second crusher 9, so that the subsequent crushing and sorting are facilitated. The second crusher 9 is connected with the fourth discharge port 66, the battery coarse material dried by the belt dryer 6 is crushed by the second crusher 9 into fine material, and then the fine material is discharged from the sixth discharge port 92 of the second crusher 9, so that the secondary crushing of the waste lithium ion battery is completed.

In the device, the waste lithium ion batteries are placed in the inner cavity of the first crusher 3, the inner cavity of the first crusher 3 is dry, the bottom of the second discharge port 32 is opened vertically downwards, the waste lithium ion batteries are simply sheared and shredded by the first crusher 3, and the materials can be immediately dropped after coarse materials are formed. Because the electrolyte is very easy to react with water to generate an acid solution with extremely strong corrosivity, if the materials of the waste lithium ion power battery are small during initial crushing, the anode and the cathode of the battery are easy to generate short circuit and fire, and the electrolyte can flow out greatly, so that the cutter shaft and the blades of the first crusher 3 are soaked in an acid environment for a long time, and in addition, the cutter shaft and the blades are subjected to severe collision and friction during working, immeasurable destructive damage is very easy to cause, the production efficiency is greatly reduced while potential safety hazards exist. The utility model discloses make old and useless lithium ion power battery utilize first breaker 3 to carry out simple shearing and shredding, fly-cutting before the breakage, the blanking in the twinkling of an eye is opened to the second discharge gate 32 bottom of first breaker 3, can not cause the raw materials to pile up and the phenomenon of starting a fire that arouses, has effectively reduced broken risk. Meanwhile, the electrolyte can not flow out in a large amount due to simple shearing and shredding, the corrosion of the electrolyte to the cutter shaft of the first crusher 3 is greatly reduced, and the service life of the crushing equipment is prolonged. The opening of the water tank 4 is arranged right opposite to the second discharge hole 32, the coarse waste lithium ion battery materials subjected to shearing and shredding treatment by the first crusher 3 can instantly fall into the water tank 4, water rapidly permeates into the battery through the opening in the coarse battery materials, the internal structure of the battery is damaged, and the battery is enabled to lose efficacy quickly. Therefore, on one hand, potential safety hazards caused by mutual contact and short circuit of the positive and negative pole pieces which possibly occur after the battery is cut and shredded can be avoided, on the other hand, the risk of subsequent crushing and sorting treatment is reduced, the treatment efficiency can be improved, manual intervention is reduced, and harm to a human body is avoided. Furthermore, the water tank 4 can be subjected to corrosion-resistant treatment, so that the risk of corrosion of the acid solution is greatly reduced.

In the above device, the third feed port 51 of the conveyor belt 5 is soaked in the water tank and is located at the bottom of the water tank 4, so that the coarse material of the waste lithium ion battery sent by the conveyor belt 5 can be ensured to be completely soaked to be invalid, and the phenomenon that the battery is short-circuited and ignited due to breakage is prevented. The third discharge gate 52 of conveyer belt 5 connects belted dryer 6, can carry out drying process to the wet material with the battery coarse fodder that has moisture after soaking in the transportation can avoid the battery coarse fodder to pile up and the potential safety hazard that probably produces, can guarantee the stoving effect simultaneously, the secondary crushing of being convenient for.

The utility model provides an electrified broken composite set of old and useless lithium ion power battery will be broken roughly, the water soaks, dry, the electrified broken process of lithium ion power battery is accomplished in the combination in small, broken bits again, compares in the broken environment of wet-type, and first section coarse crushing preliminary treatment is in dry environment, and because the bottom does not set up the obstacle and makes broken flow can go on fast and can not stop in breaker internal cavity, can avoid broken back battery positive negative pole contact to produce the phenomenon of blasting. The environment of the water tank 4 after crushing and blanking can ensure that the battery coarse materials are completely immersed in water, and the internal structure of the battery can be damaged. Because the water in the water tank 4 is only soaked and does not participate in the circulation of the crushing system, namely the water in the water tank 4 is subjected to filter pressing treatment and reaches the standard. Therefore, the waste water is only generated in the water tank 4, no waste water flows outwards, the subsequent problem caused by the corrosion of the acidic waste water is avoided, the harm to the human body can be avoided, the secondary pollution is avoided, and the harmful substances and the environmental hidden trouble in the lithium ion battery resource recovery process are eliminated.

The utility model discloses electrified broken composite set of old and useless lithium ion power battery sets up basin 4, protects old and useless lithium ion battery crushing safety through the water soaking to avoided through follow-up stoving because of the material is crossed wet the drawback that leads to unable sorting, safe and reliable, degree of automation is higher.

Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3 again, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first crusher 3 is a double-shaft crusher, which has a large torque ratio, is suitable for crushing large pieces of raw materials, and has a fast blanking speed without accumulation. The gap between two crushing shafts of the double-shaft crusher can be adjusted according to different types of waste lithium ion battery raw materials, and the adjustable range of the gap is set to be 5-50 mm; the bottom of the double-shaft crusher is opened vertically downwards, the second discharge hole 32 is not provided with a screen, and the purpose is that the battery can quickly pass through the broken shaft to fall into the water tank after being opened with an opening, so that the battery can be disabled by subsequent soaking, and the battery ingredients cannot be mixed into the water solution in a large amount due to excessive crushing, so that the amount of wastewater generated is reduced. It can be understood that the first crusher may also adopt other crushing treatment equipment as long as the waste lithium ion battery can be cut and shredded and the blanking is rapid.

The second crusher 9 may be a single shaft crusher. The single-shaft crusher comprises a single-shaft roller 95, a driving motor 93 and a speed reducer 94, the speed reducer 94 is driven by the driving motor 93 to operate, power is transmitted to the single-shaft roller 95, a screen structure is arranged above a sixth discharge port 92 of the single-shaft crusher, fine crushing of different particle sizes is carried out for subsequent separation, the effect of controlling the size of discharged materials can be achieved by replacing screens with different apertures, and the coarse materials of the waste lithium ion batteries are further finely crushed into particles of phi 16-30 mm. The single-shaft crusher can provide large shearing force, has strong crushing capacity, can process materials to smaller granularity at one time, and has higher crushing efficiency.

Referring to fig. 1 again, in the embodiment of the present invention, the conveyer belt 5 is an anti-corrosion net chain conveyer belt, so as to prevent the battery electrolyte from leaking to corrode the conveyer belt 5 and damage the conveyer belt, and facilitate the falling of the battery coarse material moisture. The third feed inlet 51 of conveyer belt 5 soaks in basin 4, and sets up with certain angle (about 30-45 °) slope, can make the battery coarse fodder after soaking drip most moisture before sending into desiccator 6, can make the battery coarse fodder automatic align to grid because of the dead weight landing in transportation, can avoid the battery coarse fodder to pile up, and existing subsequent drying that is favorable to reduces drying time, reduces the energy consumption, has also reduced the potential safety hazard in the transportation. Furthermore, the driving device of the conveying belt 5 can be provided with a variable frequency speed regulator, so that the retention time of the battery coarse materials in the water tank 4 can be controlled by controlling the running speed of the driving device of the conveying belt 5, the battery coarse materials are fully soaked, the battery is completely out of service, and the explosion of the battery is prevented.

In the embodiment of the utility model provides an in, the top of first breaker 3 is equipped with

first feed bin

2, and 9 tops of second breaker are equipped with second feed bin 8, make things convenient for accepting of raw materials. Wherein first feed bin 2 sets up in the top of first breaker 3, and first feed bin 2 has the first material chamber 23 that holds old and useless lithium ion battery raw materials, and first material chamber 23 is equipped with first feed inlet 21 towards throwing one side of material platform 1, and first material chamber 23 bottom is equipped with first discharge gate 22, docks with the second feed inlet 31 of first breaker 3. The second feed bin 8 is arranged above the second crusher 9, the second feed bin 8 comprises a second material cavity 83, a fifth feed inlet 81 is arranged on one side, facing the fourth discharge outlet 66 of the belt dryer 6, of the second material cavity 83, a fifth discharge outlet 82 is arranged at the bottom of the second material cavity 83, the second material cavity is in butt joint with a sixth feed inlet 91 of the second crusher 9, and is used for receiving battery coarse materials dried by the belt dryer 6 and sending the battery coarse materials into the second crusher 9.

The utility model discloses in the fourth discharge gate 66 department of belt dryer 6, still be equipped with ejection of compact baffle 64, the fourth discharge gate 66 ejection of compact of being convenient for. And a fifth feeding hole 81 arranged on one side of the second material cavity 83 is positioned below the discharging guide plate 64 and is butted with the fourth discharging hole 66.

In the process of crushing the waste lithium ion battery, dust is inevitably generated. Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3 again, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inner cavity of the first crusher 3, the drying cavity 63 of the belt dryer 6, and the inner cavity of the second crusher 9 are respectively communicated with an air exhaust pipeline, wherein the inner cavity of the first crusher 3 is communicated with the first air exhaust pipe 24 disposed at the upper end of the first storage bin 2 through the first storage bin 2 above; at least one second exhaust pipe 65 is externally connected to the drying cavity 63 of the belt dryer 6; the inner cavity of the second crusher 9 is communicated with a third exhaust pipe 85 arranged at the upper end of the second storage bin 8 through a second storage bin 8 above, the first exhaust pipe 24, the second exhaust pipe 65 and the third exhaust pipe 85 are respectively communicated with a main exhaust pipe 7, and dust pollution caused by the flying of dust from the inlet and outlet positions of the first crusher 3, the belt dryer 6 and the second crusher 9 during working is avoided through the action of negative pressure. The total exhaust pipe 7 is communicated with the exhaust pipelines and connected with the purifying equipment 10, dust-containing air in the exhaust pipes is collected and then is uniformly sent into the purifying equipment 10 to be purified and then is discharged, the hidden danger of gas disordered discharge during processing is eliminated, and the pollution to the environment is effectively avoided.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, at least one

hot air pipe

67, 3 in the illustrated embodiment, is externally connected to the drying cavity 62 of the belt dryer 6, and the hot air pipe 67 is connected to the heater 11 and the blower 12. The heat emitted by the heater 11 after being heated by the blower 12 is conveyed into the drying cavity 63 of the belt dryer 6 through the hot air pipe 67, and the materials on the drying conveyer belt 62 are dried.

With further reference to fig. 1 and 2, a butterfly valve 68 is disposed on the pipeline of the hot air pipe 67 to the drying chamber 63 of the dryer 6 for adjusting the flow rate of the hot air in the hot air pipe 67. The butterfly valve 68 comprises a control rod 682 and a disc 681, and the control rod 682 controls the opening and closing of the disc 681 to adjust the flow of hot air entering the drying chamber 63, so as to achieve better drying effect, improve drying efficiency and save energy.

The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The charged crushing combination device for the waste lithium ion power batteries is characterized by comprising a feeding platform, a first crusher, a water tank, a conveying belt, a belt dryer and a second crusher, wherein the first crusher is fixed on the feeding platform, a discharge port of the first crusher is in butt joint with an opening of the water tank, a feed port of the conveying belt is soaked in the water tank, the belt dryer is provided with a drying cavity, a discharge port of the conveying belt is connected with a feed port arranged in the drying cavity, a discharge port arranged in the drying cavity is connected with a feed port of the second crusher, and crushed materials are discharged from a discharge port of the second crusher.

2. The charged crushing combination device for waste lithium-ion power batteries according to claim 1, wherein the first crusher is a double-shaft crusher, and the second crusher is a single-shaft crusher.

3. The charged crushing combination device for waste lithium ion power batteries according to claim 1, wherein the conveyer belt is a corrosion-resistant net chain conveyer belt and is obliquely arranged at an angle of 30-45 °.

4. The charged crushing combination device for waste lithium ion power batteries according to claim 1, wherein a first stock bin is arranged above the first crusher and is in butt joint with the first crusher, and a second stock bin is arranged above the second crusher and is in butt joint with the second crusher.

5. The charged crushing combination device for waste lithium ion power batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that a discharging guide plate is arranged at a discharging port of the belt dryer.

6. The charged crushing combination device for waste lithium ion power batteries according to claim 1, wherein the inner cavity of the first crusher, the drying cavity of the belt dryer and the inner cavity of the second crusher are respectively communicated with an air extraction pipe, each air extraction pipe is communicated with a main air extraction pipe, and the main air extraction pipe is connected with a purifying device.

7. The charged crushing combination device for waste lithium ion power batteries according to claim 1, wherein the drying chamber is externally connected with at least one hot air pipe, and the hot air pipe is connected with a heater and a blower.

8. The charged crushing combination device for waste lithium ion power batteries according to claim 7, wherein a butterfly valve capable of adjusting the flow rate of hot air in the hot air pipe is arranged on the hot air pipeline.