CN214472383U - Spring tension and compression testing machine - Google Patents
Spring tension and compression testing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN214472383U CN214472383U CN202023223379.2U CN202023223379U CN214472383U CN 214472383 U CN214472383 U CN 214472383U CN 202023223379 U CN202023223379 U CN 202023223379U CN 214472383 U CN214472383 U CN 214472383U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- holder
- spring
- connecting plate
- testing machine
- elevating platform
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model relates to a spring draws pressure testing machine relates to the field of spring production check out test set technique, and it includes testboard, elevating platform, cylinder, holder and first fastener, and the testboard includes the riser, goes up backup pad and bottom suspension fagging, elevating platform and riser sliding connection, and the cylinder is used for driving the elevating platform and slides, and the holder is equipped with two, arbitrary holder and last backup pad fixed connection, and another holder rotates with the elevating platform to be connected, and two holders are just to vertical setting, and first fastener will be kept away from go up the holder of backup pad and elevating platform are fixed. During the use, will be surveyed spring both ends one-to-one fixed with a holder, then rotate the holder on the elevating platform for it is stable to be surveyed the spring, then fixes holder and elevating platform with first fastener, can begin the test. This application has the effect that improves the measurement accuracy of spring tension and compression testing machine.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of spring production check out test set technique, especially relates to a spring draws pressure test machine.
Background
Along with the development of modern industry, the application of various springs and stretching and compressing elastic parts is very wide, meanwhile, the requirements on various characteristics of the springs and the stretching and compressing elastic parts are higher and higher, and the requirements on measurement of various characteristics of the springs and the stretching and compressing elastic parts are more and more accurate; in particular, in the precision machinery, instrument and instrument industries, the requirements on various properties of the spring, the stretching elastic part and the compression elastic part are stricter, and the measurement on various properties of the spring, the stretching elastic part and the compression elastic part is more accurate.
At present, the related art such as application No. 201720468280.8 discloses a new type of manual spring tension and compression testing machine, which comprises a base, wherein a spring lower pressure plate is arranged on the base, a left linear guide rail is arranged on the left side of the base, a right linear guide rail is arranged on the right side of the base, a lower cross beam is arranged in the middle of the left linear guide rail and the right linear guide rail, the top of the left linear guide rail and the top of the right linear guide rail are provided with an upper beam, the left side and the right side of the connecting block are respectively provided with a spring, an upper spring pressure plate is arranged below the connecting block, a connecting rod is arranged on the upper spring pressure plate, a manual transmission cross rod is arranged on a left transmission screw rod and a right transmission screw rod, a compression control rod is arranged on the right side of the manual transmission cross rod, the lower connecting block is provided with a lower spring hook, the left side and the right side of the lower connecting block are respectively provided with a limit baffle, and the top parts of the left transmission screw rod and the right transmission screw rod are provided with a stretching control rod. When the device is used, the tested spring is hung between the upper spring hook and the lower spring hook and moves on the left transmission lead screw and the right transmission lead screw, so that data is obtained.
In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventor believes that the spring is hung between the upper spring hook and the lower spring hook during the tensile test, and the spring is liable to rotate between the upper spring hook and the lower spring hook during the tensile test, resulting in a decrease in measurement accuracy.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to improve the measurement accuracy of spring tension and compression testing machine, this application provides a spring tension and compression testing machine.
The application provides a spring draws pressure testing machine adopts following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a spring draws pressure testing machine, includes testboard, elevating platform and cylinder, the testboard includes the riser, goes up backup pad and bottom suspension fagging, the vertical setting of riser, go up the backup pad with riser one end fixed connection, the bottom suspension fagging with the riser is kept away from go up the one end fixed connection of backup pad, the elevating platform with riser sliding connection, the cylinder body of cylinder with go up backup pad fixed connection, the piston rod of cylinder with elevating platform fixed connection still includes holder and first fastener, the holder is equipped with two, arbitrary holder and last backup pad fixed connection, another the holder with the elevating platform rotates to be connected, two the holder is just to vertical setting, first fastener will be kept away from the holder and the elevating platform of going up the backup pad are fixed.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when carrying out tensile test to the spring of being surveyed, the couple that will be surveyed spring one end is fixed with the holder on last backup pad, the couple that will be surveyed the spring other end is fixed with the holder on the elevating platform, then rotate the holder on the elevating platform, make the spring of being surveyed remain stable, then it is fixed with the elevating platform with the holder that first fastener will keep away from last backup pad, above-mentioned operation can make two holders inseparabler with the couple cooperation at being surveyed spring both ends, the spring pivoted problem between two holders is surveyed in the time of reducing the extension, be favorable to improving the measurement accuracy of spring tension and compression testing machine.
Optionally, the holder includes first bottom plate, first connecting plate and bolt, first connecting plate is equipped with two, first connecting plate with first bottom plate fixed connection, two first connecting plate parallel arrangement, the pinhole has been seted up on the first connecting plate, bolt one end fixedly connected with stop cap, the bolt inserts two in the pinhole that first connecting plate corresponds, stop cap's diameter is greater than the diameter of pinhole.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when connecting and being surveyed spring and holder, the couple hook that will be surveyed the spring can on the bolt, when the couple of being surveyed the spring is closed couple, can pass the pinhole of a first connecting plate with the bolt earlier, then pass the couple of being surveyed the spring and the pinhole of another first connecting plate in proper order again, until spacing cap and first connecting plate butt, can be fixed by being surveyed spring and holder, above-mentioned holder can be applicable to the spring of being surveyed of different grade type, the commonality of spring tension and compression testing machine has effectively been improved.
Optionally, the first connecting plate is provided with a plurality of pin holes, and the diameters of the plurality of pin holes are different.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the pinhole of different diameters can be applicable to not unidimensional bolt on the first connecting plate, can make the couple of the measured spring of not unidimensional can both closely cooperate with the bolt, has effectively improved the commonality that the spring pulled and pressed the testing machine.
Optionally, the holder further includes a second fastener, and the second fastener is detachably connected to one end of the bolt, which is far away from the limit cap.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the second fastener is kept away from the bolt the one end of spacing cap fixed, avoids the bolt not hard up drop at tensile in-process, has improved the operational reliability that the spring draws the compression testing machine.
Optionally, the bolt is provided with a first limit groove along the circumferential direction.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the couple joint of being surveyed the spring in first spacing inslot, reduces to be surveyed the spring couple and follows the gliding problem of bolt axial, has improved the measurement accuracy of spring tension and compression testing machine.
Optionally, the holder includes second bottom plate, second connecting plate and holder, the second connecting plate is equipped with two, the second connecting plate with second bottom plate fixed connection, two second connecting plate parallel arrangement, the holder is located two between the second connecting plate, the holder with second connecting plate fixed connection, the holder is fixed the measured spring.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the tested spring and the clamping seat are connected, the hooks at the two ends of the tested spring are fixed by the clamping piece, so that the tested spring is more stable in the stretching process, and the measurement precision of the spring tension and compression testing machine is effectively improved.
Optionally, the holder includes dead lever, first clamping piece, second clamping piece and working spring, dead lever one end one-to-one and a second connecting plate lateral wall fixed connection, first clamping piece with dead lever fixed connection, the second clamping piece with dead lever sliding connection, working spring one end with the second connecting plate fixed connection other end with second clamping piece fixed connection.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when connecting and being surveyed spring and holder, promote the second clamping piece and towards the direction slip of keeping away from first clamping piece, then hang the couple of being surveyed the spring on the dead lever, then loosen the second clamping piece, the second clamping piece receives work spring's elasticity orientation to slide near the direction of first clamping piece to the couple chucking of being surveyed the spring, above-mentioned operation can be simple swift will be surveyed the spring and fix with the holder, has effectively improved work efficiency.
Optionally, a second limiting groove is formed in the lifting platform, a third limiting groove is formed in the lower supporting plate, and the second limiting groove and the third limiting groove are arranged vertically.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the tested spring is subjected to pressure test, one end of the tested spring is placed in the second limiting groove, the other end of the tested spring is placed in the third limiting groove, the problem of offset sliding in the compression process of the tested spring is reduced, and the working reliability of the spring tension and compression testing machine is effectively improved.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the spring tension and compression testing machine comprises two clamping seats and a first fastening piece, wherein any one of the two clamping seats is fixedly connected with an upper supporting plate, the other clamping seat is rotatably connected with a lifting table, and the position of a tested spring is adjusted by rotating the clamping seats when the spring tension and compression testing machine is used, so that hooks at two ends of the tested spring are more tightly matched with the clamping seats, and the measurement precision of the spring tension and compression testing machine is improved;
2. the application provides a pair of spring draws clamp holder of pressing test machine includes first bottom plate, first connecting plate and bolt, offers the pinhole of a plurality of different diameters on the connecting plate, can be applicable to not unidimensional bolt to make the couple of the quilt survey spring of not unidimensional can both closely cooperate with the bolt, improved the spring and drawn the commonality of pressing test machine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a spring tension and compression testing machine according to embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a lifting table and a clamping seat of the spring tension and compression testing machine in embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 3 is an exploded view of the lifting table and the clamping base of the spring tension and compression testing machine in embodiment 1 of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a holder of the spring tension and compression testing machine according to embodiment 2 of the present application.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a test bench; 11. a vertical plate; 111. a chute; 12. an upper support plate; 13. a lower support plate; 131. a third limiting groove; 2. a lifting platform; 21. A slider; 22. a second limit groove; 23. a bump; 3. a cylinder; 4. a holder; 41. a first base plate; 411. a first through hole; 412. a threaded hole; 42. a first connecting plate; 421. a pin hole; 43. a bolt; 431. a limiting cap; 432. a first limit groove; 44. a second fastener; 45. a second base plate; 46. a second connecting plate; 47. a clamping member; 471. fixing the rod; 472. a first clip piece; 473. a second clip; 4731. mounting holes; 474. a working spring; 5. a first fastener.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-4.
The embodiment of the application discloses spring tension and compression testing machine.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a spring tension and compression testing machine includes a testing table 1, a lifting table 2, a cylinder 3, a holder 4 and a first fastener 5.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, test bench 1 includes riser 11, go up backup pad 12 and bottom suspension fagging 13, riser 11 is the rectangle, the vertical setting of riser 11, go up backup pad 12 and the welding of riser 11 lateral wall top, bottom suspension fagging 13 and the welding of riser 11 lateral wall bottom, it is located the same one side of riser 11 to go up backup pad 12 and bottom suspension fagging 13, spout 111 has been seted up to riser 11 and the one side of going up backup pad 12 and being connected, spout 111 is T type spout 111, the length direction of spout 111 is parallel with the length direction of riser 11, 2 lateral wall welding of elevating platform has slider 21, slider 21 is T type slider 21, elevating platform 2 passes through slider 21 sliding connection in spout 111 inner wall, the cylinder body of cylinder 3 and the one side that last backup pad 12 is close to elevating platform 2 adopt screw fixed connection, the piston rod of cylinder 3 and one side welding that elevating platform 2 is close to last backup pad 12.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a second limiting groove 22 is formed in one side, away from the upper supporting plate 12, of the lifting table 2, a third limiting groove 131 is formed in one side, close to the lifting table 2, of the lower supporting plate 13, and the second limiting groove 22 and the third limiting groove 131 are arranged vertically.
Referring to fig. 3, the holder 4 includes a first base plate 41, a first connecting plate 42, a bolt 43 and a second fastening member 44, two first connecting plates 42 are provided, the first connecting plate 42 is welded to the first base plate 41, a plane of the first connecting plate 42 is perpendicular to a plane of the first base plate 41, the two first connecting plates 42 are parallel to each other, the first connecting plate 42 is provided with three pin holes 421, the three pin holes 421 gradually decrease in diameter toward a direction close to the first base plate 41, one end of the bolt 43 is welded with a stop cap 431, the diameter of the stop cap 431 is greater than that of the pin holes 421, the bolt 43 sequentially passes through the corresponding pin holes 421 of the two first connecting plates 42, and one end far away from the stop cap 431 extends to the outside of the pin holes 421, the second fastening member 44 is a nut, the second fastening member 44 is in threaded connection with one end of the bolt 43 far away from the stop cap 431, the second fastening member 44 abuts against the first connecting plate 42 far away from the stop cap 431, the bolt 43 is provided with a circle of first limiting grooves 432 along the circumferential direction at the axial midpoint.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the two holders 4 are provided, the first bottom plate 41 of any holder 4 is welded to the upper supporting plate 12, the first bottom plate 41 of another holder 4 is provided with a first through hole 411, one side of the lifting platform 2 far away from the lower supporting seat is welded with a bump 23, the longitudinal section of the bump 23 is T-shaped, the first bottom plate 41 is clamped between the bump 23 and the lifting platform 2 through the first through hole 411, the tolerance fit between the inner diameter of the first through hole 411 and the outer diameter of the bump 23 is clearance fit, the first bottom plate 41 of the holder 4 far away from the upper supporting plate 12 is provided with two threaded holes 412, the first fastening piece 5 is a jackscrew, the first fastening piece 5 is provided with two fastening pieces, one first fastening piece 5 is connected to the inner wall of one threaded hole 412 in one-to-one correspondence, the first fastening piece 5 passes through the threaded hole 412 to be abutted to the lifting platform 2, and the two holders 4 are arranged vertically.
The implementation principle of this application embodiment 1 spring tension and compression testing machine does: when the tested spring and the clamping seat 4 are fixed, the bolt 43 with a proper size is selected according to the size of the tested spring, then the bolt 43 passes through the pin hole 421 matched with the diameter of the bolt 43, and the bolt 43 is fixed by the second fastening piece 44; and then, one end of the tested spring is hooked on the bolt 43 of one clamping seat 4 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the hook of the tested spring is clamped in the first limiting groove 432.
Before the test, the holder 4 on the lifting table 2 is rotated to keep the tested spring stable, the first base plate 41 and the lifting table 2 are fixed by the second fastener 44, and then the tensile test of the tested spring can be started.
When carrying out pressure test to the spring of being surveyed, will be surveyed the one end joint of spring in second spacing groove 22, other end joint is in third spacing groove 131, starts cylinder 3 and drives 2 orientation of elevating platform and slide near the direction of bottom suspension fagging 13, can compress the spring of being surveyed to carry out pressure test to the spring of being surveyed.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 lies in that the holder 4 includes a second bottom plate 45, two second connecting plates 46 and two clamping members 47, the second connecting plates 46 are welded to the second bottom plate 45, the plane of the second connecting plates 46 is perpendicular to the plane of the second bottom plate 45, the two second connecting plates 46 are parallel to each other, the clamping member 47 includes a fixing rod 471, a first clamping piece 472, a second clamping piece 473 and a working spring 474, one end of the fixing rod 471 is welded to one of the second connecting plates 46 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the axial direction of the fixing rod 471 is perpendicular to the plane of the second connecting plate 46, the first clamping piece 472 is welded to the fixing rod 471, the first clamping piece 472 is circular, the second clamping piece 473 is circular, a mounting hole 4731 is formed through the center of the second clamping piece 473, the second clamping piece 473 is sleeved on the surface of the fixing rod 471 through the mounting hole 4731, the tolerance of the inner diameter of the mounting hole 4731 and the outer diameter of the fixing rod is in a clearance fit, the working spring 474 is sleeved with the surface of the fixing rod 471, the working spring 474 is positioned between the second connecting plate 46 and the second clamping piece 473, and one end of the working spring 474 is welded to the second connecting plate 46 and the other end thereof is welded to the second clamping piece 473.
The implementation principle of this application embodiment 2 a spring tension and compression testing machine does: when the tested spring and the holder 4 are fixed, the second clamping piece 473 is pushed to slide towards the direction far away from the first clamping piece 472, the hooks at one end of the tested spring are hooked on the fixing rod 471 of the holder 4 in a one-to-one correspondence mode, then the second clamping piece 473 is loosened, the second clamping piece 473 is subjected to the elastic force of the working spring 474, and therefore the tested spring can be clamped by sliding towards the direction close to the first clamping piece 472.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a spring tension and compression testing machine, includes testboard (1), elevating platform (2) and cylinder (3), testboard (1) includes riser (11), goes up backup pad (12) and bottom suspension fagging (13), the vertical setting of riser (11), go up backup pad (12) with riser (11) one end fixed connection, bottom suspension fagging (13) with riser (11) are kept away from go up the one end fixed connection of backup pad (12), elevating platform (2) with riser (11) sliding connection, the cylinder body of cylinder (3) with go up backup pad (12) fixed connection, the piston rod of cylinder (3) with elevating platform (2) fixed connection, its characterized in that: still include holder (4) and first fastener (5), holder (4) are equipped with two, arbitrary holder (4) and last backup pad (12) fixed connection, another holder (4) with elevating platform (2) rotate to be connected, two holder (4) are just to vertical setting, first fastener (5) will be kept away from holder (4) of going up backup pad (12) are fixed with elevating platform (2).
2. The spring tension and compression testing machine of claim 1, wherein: holder (4) include first bottom plate (41), first connecting plate (42) and bolt (43), first connecting plate (42) are equipped with two, first connecting plate (42) with first bottom plate (41) fixed connection, two first connecting plate (42) parallel arrangement, pinhole (421) have been seted up on first connecting plate (42), bolt (43) one end fixedly connected with is spacing cap (431), bolt (43) insert two in pinhole (421) that first connecting plate (42) correspond, the diameter of spacing cap (431) is greater than the diameter of pinhole (421).
3. The spring tension and compression testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first connecting plate (42) is provided with a plurality of pin holes (421), and the diameters of the pin holes (421) are different.
4. The spring tension and compression testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the clamping seat (4) further comprises a second fastening piece (44), and the second fastening piece (44) is detachably connected with one end, far away from the limiting cap (431), of the bolt (43).
5. The spring tension and compression testing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the bolt (43) is provided with a first limiting groove (432) along the circumferential direction.
6. The spring tension and compression testing machine of claim 1, wherein: holder (4) include second bottom plate (45), second connecting plate (46) and holder (47), second connecting plate (46) are equipped with two, second connecting plate (46) with second bottom plate (45) fixed connection, two second connecting plate (46) parallel arrangement, holder (47) are located two between second connecting plate (46), holder (47) with second connecting plate (46) fixed connection, holder (47) are fixed to being surveyed the spring.
7. The spring tension and compression testing machine of claim 6, wherein: the clamping piece (47) comprises a fixing rod (471), a first clamping piece (472), a second clamping piece (473) and a working spring (474), one end of the fixing rod (471) is fixedly connected with the side wall of one second connecting plate (46) in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the first clamping piece (472) is fixedly connected with the fixing rod (471), the second clamping piece (473) is connected with the fixing rod (471) in a sliding mode, and one end of the working spring (474) is fixedly connected with the other end of the second connecting plate (46) and the second clamping piece (473).
8. The spring tension and compression testing machine of claim 1, wherein: a second limiting groove (22) is formed in the lifting platform (2), a third limiting groove (131) is formed in the lower supporting plate (13), and the second limiting groove (22) and the third limiting groove (131) are arranged vertically.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023223379.2U CN214472383U (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | Spring tension and compression testing machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023223379.2U CN214472383U (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | Spring tension and compression testing machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN214472383U true CN214472383U (en) | 2021-10-22 |
Family
ID=78195688
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023223379.2U Active CN214472383U (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | Spring tension and compression testing machine |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN214472383U (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114486031A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-13 | 中国航发长春控制科技有限公司 | Torsional spring torsion measuring device |
| CN116609049A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-08-18 | 广州市昌炜金属制品有限公司 | High-precision spring tensile testing machine frame |
-
2020
- 2020-12-28 CN CN202023223379.2U patent/CN214472383U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114486031A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-13 | 中国航发长春控制科技有限公司 | Torsional spring torsion measuring device |
| CN116609049A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-08-18 | 广州市昌炜金属制品有限公司 | High-precision spring tensile testing machine frame |
| CN116609049B (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-10-27 | 广州市昌炜金属制品有限公司 | High-precision spring tensile testing machine frame |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN214472383U (en) | Spring tension and compression testing machine | |
| CN109855956A (en) | A kind of device and its measurement method detecting wide tensile property of geosynthetics | |
| CN107063538B (en) | Clamping device for testing residual stress of sample by blind hole method | |
| CN108088763B (en) | Multi-head plane reciprocating type friction and wear testing machine | |
| CN208744293U (en) | A kind of list cylinder four sides clamping fixture | |
| CN204705544U (en) | Reinforcing bar shearing resistance test fixture | |
| CN104880365B (en) | A kind of reinforcing bar shearing resistance test fixture | |
| CN215524424U (en) | Automobile accessory combination testing fixture | |
| CN211505013U (en) | Drawing tester | |
| CN211317997U (en) | Scale distance measuring table after tensile sample breakage | |
| CN217844971U (en) | Checking fixture for product boring | |
| CN209927397U (en) | Vibration test stand | |
| CN209624228U (en) | A kind of adhesive tape test fixture of universal testing machine | |
| CN220932647U (en) | Cable strength detection device | |
| CN217585557U (en) | Utensil is examined to front seat angle regulator handle | |
| CN218444898U (en) | Material mechanics experiment platform | |
| CN214276715U (en) | Stepless speed change belt measuring tool | |
| CN213335879U (en) | Gauge for measuring fall of big head and small head of connecting rod | |
| CN217901377U (en) | Clamping assembly for stretching equipment | |
| CN219084610U (en) | Plane strain fracture toughness SEB sample positioning device and testing machine | |
| CN214620916U (en) | Examine a measuring mechanism | |
| CN215414860U (en) | Detection apparatus for be used for fabrics color fastness to rubbing | |
| CN208921013U (en) | Product thickness and flatness multi-station adjustable examine tooling fastly | |
| CN214489714U (en) | Positioning fixture for machining of clamp suspension arm of high-speed rail bogie | |
| CN215639231U (en) | Guide frame for measuring parallelism and symmetry of narrow slit by revolving body |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |