Background
The natural gas combustion flame temperature of the gas water heater is generally about 950 ℃, water in the flue gas exists in the flue gas in a gaseous form (water vapor), and the latent heat of the water vapor is about 11% of the low-order heating value of the natural gas. The exhaust gas temperature of a mainstream cooling type gas water heater in the market is concentrated at 100-200 ℃, and at the moment, water vapor in the exhaust gas is not condensed, so that the latent heat of the water vapor and the sensible heat of the exhaust gas with high temperature are not effectively utilized, and a large amount of energy is wasted. Therefore, from the perspective of energy conservation and environmental protection, effective measures must be taken to reduce the exhaust gas temperature of the gas water heater, improve the energy utilization efficiency and achieve the purpose of saving fossil energy.
In order to improve the heat energy utilization efficiency after the combustion of the natural gas, the heat exchange quantity of the flue gas and the water is improved by increasing the heat exchange area on the basis of the traditional cooling type gas water heater, so that the temperature of the discharged flue gas is reduced; although the process improves the utilization efficiency of the gas, the material consumption is obviously increased at the same time, and finally, the cost and the volume of the gas water heater are obviously increased. The chinese utility model patent (CN 201720212105.2) discloses a condensing water heater, through newly adding a condensation chamber and flue gas passageway and water piping system, realizes that the flue gas in the condensation chamber further cools down and vapor condenses in the flue gas, but this kind of heat exchanger's material consumption and volume will reach traditional heat exchanger's 1.4-3 times. Chinese patents CN20140224661.8 and CN201410431156.5 also disclose a condensing gas water heater respectively, and their water heaters have the common feature that on the basis of the traditional cooling heat exchanger, a heat exchange pipe and a drainage system are directly added to increase the heat exchange area. In addition, the common problem of all kinds of current gas heater is that adopt the return bend connected mode between the heat exchange tube, easily take place the incrustation scale gathering in return bend department, increase the pipeline resistance and lead to stifled pipe phenomenon even, have simultaneously because of the minimum curvature radius restriction of return bend and lead to adjacent heat exchange tube bank to carry out the problem of compact arrangement. Therefore, the advanced gas water heater considers the comprehensive factors of material consumption, scale blockage prevention, flue gas and water heat exchange characteristics, water pass tube bank arrangement, flue gas enhanced heat exchange and the like, and reduces the temperature of the discharged flue gas and increases the utilization efficiency of the fuel on the premise of less increasing the material consumption and not obviously increasing the volume.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims at providing a cooling condensation integration heat exchanger for gas heater makes its compact structure not only, and is small, effectively improves heat exchange efficiency, reduces exhaust gas temperature and flue gas resistance, can effectively prevent the problem of elbow portion incrustation scale jam simultaneously.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a flue gas cooling condensation integration heat exchanger, contains heat exchange tube, heat transfer fin, water header, cold water inlet, hot water export and water wall pipe, its characterized in that: the heat exchange tubes and the heat exchange fins form a plurality of heat exchange tube rows, the heat exchange tube rows are stacked in a staggered manner in the vertical direction, and each heat exchange tube row comprises a plurality of heat exchange tubes which are arranged in parallel; the water header adopts a water diversion box structure, the water flow direction in each heat exchange pipe in the lowest heat exchange pipe row is the same, the rest heat exchange pipe rows are at least divided into two heat exchange pipe groups, and the water flow direction between the adjacent heat exchange pipe groups in the same heat exchange pipe row is opposite; the heat exchange tube sets are sequentially communicated head and tail through water distribution boxes at two ends; the water outlet of the lower layer heat exchange tube bank is directly connected with the water inlet of the upper layer heat exchange tube bank through the water diversion box; the plurality of heat exchange tube rows are divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the fin spacing of the lower part of the heat exchange tube row is larger than that of the upper part of the heat exchange tube row.
Furthermore, the number of the tube rows of the plurality of heat exchange tube rows is at least 3, and the distance between the heat exchange tube rows is 15 mm-30 mm.
Furthermore, the heat exchange fins of the upper part of the heat exchange tube bank and the heat exchange fins of the lower part of the heat exchange tube bank are arranged at intervals, the space between the heat exchange fins of the upper part of the heat exchange tube bank is 2-3 mm, and the space between the heat exchange fins of the lower part of the heat exchange tube bank is 4-6 mm.
Furthermore, the internal structures of the water distribution boxes at the two ends are different, and the water distribution boxes need to be divided into different intervals by using partition plates according to the number of the heat exchange tube rows and the number of the heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange tube row.
Furthermore, the number of the heat exchange tubes in the plurality of heat exchange tube rows is the same or different, and the inner diameter of each heat exchange tube is 10-14 mm.
Furthermore, the heat exchange fins are slotted fins provided with liquid guide strip slots and triangular slots; the thickness of the heat exchange fins is 0.02-0.05 mm. The edges of the fire-facing surface at the upper part and the back fire surface at the lower part of the heat exchange fin are in a curved edge shape, the fire-facing surface adopts a low-rib fin structure, and the rib height is 1-3 mm; the back fire surface adopts a high-rib fin structure, and the rib height is 8-10 mm;
the technical characteristics of the utility model still lie in: the surface of the heat exchanger is sequentially provided with an anticorrosive coating and an anticorrosive coating from inside to outside. The anti-corrosion coating is an amorphous nickel-phosphorus chemical composite anti-corrosion coating; the anticorrosive coating is a fluorinated graphene modified epoxy composite anticorrosive coating.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model, the effect that has following advantage and saliency: the heat exchanger adopts a cooling and condensing integrated design, cooling and condensing are carried out in the same heat exchanger, cooling of flue gas is carried out on the upper part of the heat exchanger, and vapor in the flue gas is condensed on the lower part of the heat exchanger, so that the problems that cooling of the flue gas and condensation of the flue gas cannot be realized in one heat exchanger are effectively solved, the compactness of the heat exchanger is improved, and materials and space are saved. Secondly, the water diversion box structure is adopted to replace the traditional bent pipe connection mode between the heat exchange pipes, the problems of scaling and even blockage at the bent pipe are avoided, and the service life of the heat exchanger is prolonged. The water entering the heat exchanger comes from municipal tap water, the water quality is hard, scaling phenomenon is easy to occur after the water is heated, scale is easy to gather at the bent pipe of the heat exchange pipe, the bent pipe is corroded, the flow resistance is increased, and even the bent pipe is blocked; the utility model adopts the water diversion box to replace the bent pipe, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of scale blockage and having longer service life; and the condensation heat exchanger is subjected to anticorrosion modification treatment, so that the service life of the equipment is prolonged. And improving the heat exchange efficiency of water and flue gas. The cold water inlet is arranged at the lower part and the hot water outlet is arranged at the upper part, so that the water-smoke heat exchange efficiency is effectively improved; after water enters the heat exchanger from the water inlet, the water is firstly directly subjected to heat exchange with the lower-temperature flue gas before smoke discharge, the smoke discharge temperature of the flue gas is reduced to the maximum extent, and the heat energy utilization efficiency is improved. Fourthly, the water distribution box has a more compact structure, and the phenomenon of inconsistent water temperature in the pipes in the same process is avoided. The heat exchanger of the traditional gas water heater adopts the bent pipe connection between the heat exchange pipes, is limited by the curvature radius of the bent pipe, and has larger communication distance between the two pipes, so that the volume of the heat exchanger is enlarged and the material consumption is increased. Meanwhile, water in the heat exchange tubes in the same flow is mixed and redistributed in the water distribution box, so that the phenomenon of large water temperature difference among the heat exchange tubes is avoided.
Detailed Description
The structure, principle and operation of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange structure principle of a flue gas cooling and condensing integrated heat exchanger provided by the utility model. As shown in the figure, the heat exchanger comprises a heat exchange tube 4, heat exchange fins 3, a water header, a cold water inlet 8, a hot water outlet 2, a water wall tube 10, a smoke exhaust guide section 7, a smoke outlet 5 and a condensate outlet 6; a plurality of heat exchange tube rows are formed by the heat exchange tubes 4, each heat exchange tube row comprises a plurality of heat exchange tubes 4 which are arranged in parallel, and the plurality of heat exchange tube rows are stacked in a staggered manner in the vertical direction; the water flow direction in each heat exchange tube in the lowest heat exchange tube row is the same, the rest heat exchange tube rows are at least divided into two heat exchange tube groups 11, and the water flow direction between the adjacent heat exchange tube groups in the same heat exchange tube row is opposite; the heat exchange tube sets are sequentially communicated head and tail through water distribution boxes at two ends; the water outlet of the lower layer heat exchange tube bank is directly connected with the water inlet of the upper layer heat exchange tube bank through a water distribution box 9; the plurality of heat exchange tube rows are divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the fin spacing of the lower part of the heat exchange tube row is larger than that of the upper part of the heat exchange tube row.
Fig. 2a and 2b are schematic structural diagrams of specific embodiments of two-end water distribution boxes of a cooling and condensing integrated heat exchanger, wherein the two-end water distribution boxes have different internal structures and need to be divided into different sections by using partition plates according to the number of heat exchange tube rows and the number of heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange tube row. This embodiment will be described below by taking 4 heat exchange tube rows as an example.
The two water distribution boxes are divided into a right
water distribution box 9a and a left
water distribution box 9b according to the left and right positions, wherein the right
water distribution box 9a is shown in figure 2b, and the left
water distribution box 9b is shown in figure 2a and provided with "
The
heat exchange tube 6 of the symbol indicates the water outflow direction with "
The heat exchange tube of the "symbol" indicates the water inflow direction. Water is distributed into the first heat exchange tube row composed of 5
heat exchange tubes 6 at the bottom from a
cold water inlet 8 of the heat exchanger through a right
water distribution box 9a, the water flow directions in the 5 heat exchange tubes are the same, then the water flows into a left
water distribution box 9b, and the water directly flows upwards into a second heat exchange tube row in the left
water distribution box 9 b. The second heat exchange tube bank is provided with 6 heat exchange tubes, every 3 heat exchange tube banks are divided into two heat
exchange tube banks 11 with opposite water flow directions by using a
partition plate 14 in the left water dividing
box 9b, namely, water flows through one heat exchange tube bank from the left water dividing
box 9b, enters the right water dividing
box 9a, then flows through the other heat exchange tube bank, and then flows back to the left water dividing
box 9b, so that the water flows in the two heat exchange tube banks in opposite directions, and then flows upwards in the left water dividing
box 9b to flow into the third heat exchange tube bank. The third heat exchange tube row is provided with 5 heat exchange tubes, and the
left side 2 heat exchange tubes and the
right side 3 heat exchange tubes are divided into two heat
exchange tube groups 11 by the
partition plate 14 in the left water dividing
box 9 b; the fourth heat exchange tube is provided with 6 heat exchange tubes, and 2 heat exchange tubes on the right side and 4 heat exchange tubes on the left side are divided into two heat exchange tube groups by a
partition plate 14 in the right
water diversion box 9 a. The water in the third heat exchange tube bank flows into the right
water diversion box 9a after passing through the heat exchange tube group consisting of 3 heat exchange tubes, then the water in the right
water diversion box 9a simultaneously flows into the heat exchange tube group consisting of 2 heat exchange tubes in the third heat exchange tube bank and the heat exchange tube group consisting of 2 heat exchange tubes in the fourth heat exchange tube bank, then flows into the left
water diversion box 9b, finally flows into the right
water diversion box 9a after passing through the heat
exchange tube group 9 consisting of 4 heat exchange tubes in the fourth heat exchange tube bank, and then flows out from the
hot water outlet 2 after upward flowing into the water cooling wall tube from the right
water diversion box 9 a. Therefore, the number of the heat exchange tubes of the adjacent heat exchange tube rows can be the same, and the heat exchange tubes can also be used for heat exchangeThe number of the heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange tube row can be different, and the heat exchange tube groups can be divided into two groups or more than two groups, which is also only a specific embodiment. Therefore, the internal structures of the water distribution boxes on the two sides are different, and the water distribution boxes are required to be separated in different intervals according to the number of the heat exchange tube rows and the number of the heat exchange tube groups in each heat exchange tube row, so that the heat exchange tube groups are sequentially communicated from head to tail through the water distribution boxes at the two ends.
In order to more clearly explain the structure of the water diversion box, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the connection structure of the heat exchange tubes of a heat exchange tube bank and the water diversion box in the cooling and condensing integrated heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchange tube bank comprises 2 heat exchange tube groups 11, each heat exchange tube group 11 consists of 3 heat exchange tubes which are arranged in parallel, the end parts of the heat exchange tubes are directly connected with a right water diversion box 9a and a left water diversion box 9b, a partition plate 14 is arranged on the left water diversion box 9b to separate water in the water diversion box 9b, and the right water diversion box 9a realizes the communication of the two heat exchange tube groups. After water firstly flows into the water diversion box 9b, the water flows to the water diversion box 9a from the first heat exchange tube group; after mixing in the water distribution box 9a, water continuously flows into the water distribution box 9b through the second heat exchange tube group in the water distribution box 9a, and flows out of the heat exchange tube bank after being fully mixed in the water distribution box 9 b. Due to the presence of the partition 14, water on both sides of the partition 14 does not come into contact. Therefore, after the heat exchange tube bank is divided into the plurality of heat exchange tube groups, each heat exchange tube bank can be flexibly divided into the plurality of tube passes by utilizing the communication and separation effects of the water dividing box, the problem that the heat exchange tube is blocked by scales due to the mode that the bent tube is connected with the heat exchange tube in the traditional process is avoided, the problem that the distance between the heat exchange tube banks cannot be reduced due to the limitation of the minimum curvature radius of the bent tube is also avoided, the uniformity of the water temperature in the heat exchange tube in the same pass is ensured through the effective mixing of water flow at the inlet and the outlet of each heat exchange tube group, the effective heat exchange area is increased, and the heat exchange capacity is improved.
Fig. 4a and 4b are schematic views of two types of slotted fins using four heat exchange tube rows. As shown in the figure, the two types of fins are slotted fins provided with triangular slots 13, liquid guide slots 12 and heat exchange tube holes 15. The triangular strip seam 13 can promote the disturbance of the flow of the flue gas and strengthen the side heat exchange of the flue gas, the liquid guide strip seam 12 is favorable for the rapid liquid drainage after the water vapor in the flue gas is condensed, and the heat exchange tube hole 15 is used for assembling the slotted fin and the heat exchange tube 4. The slotted fins of fig. 4a and 4b are arranged at intervals, and the slotted fins of fig. 4b are only assembled with the heat exchange tubes of the two heat exchange tube rows of the upper part, so that the fin spacing on the heat exchange tube row of the upper part is small, and the fin spacing on the heat exchange tube row of the small part is large as shown in fig. 1, thereby not only ensuring that the heat exchange of the flue gas on the tube row of the upper part is strengthened, but also considering that the increase of the flow resistance of the flue gas caused by the water bridge generated between the fins by the condensed water on the heat exchange tube row of the lower part is avoided. Because the condensed water formed after the flue gas is condensed has acidic substances, and is easy to corrode the heat exchange surface on the side of the flue gas, the surface of the heat exchanger needs to be subjected to surface modification treatment, namely an anti-corrosion coating and an anti-corrosion coating are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the anti-corrosion coating preferably adopts an amorphous nickel-phosphorus chemical coating, and the anti-corrosion coating adopts a fluorinated graphene modified epoxy coating.
The working principle and the working process of the present invention are explained in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, in the gas side, the mist that gas and air are constituteed takes place the burning in the combustion chamber, generates the high temperature flue gas, and the high temperature flue gas of burning flame and production carries out the radiant heat transfer to water wall pipe 10 and nested heat exchange fin 3's heat exchange tube 4 upper portion, then the flue gas flows in the utility model discloses an in the upper portion heat exchange tube bank in the heat exchanger to carry out the heat exchange through heat exchange tube 4 and heat exchange fin 3 and the water in the heat exchange tube, realize the flue gas cooling, the flue gas of this process similar traditional cooling type gas heater adds the hot water process. Then, the flue gas continuously flows downwards and enters the lower heat exchange tube bank of the heat exchanger, and when the flue gas is cooled to about 50-80 ℃, condensation and heat release of water vapor in the flue gas occur on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube bank and the surfaces of the heat exchange fins. The phenomenon that condensed water drops and slips is considered, the fin spacing arranged on the lower heat exchange tube row is larger, and the condensed water is favorably drained away. The liquid guide strip seam 12 is positioned at the lower part of the heat exchange tube 4, so that condensed water can rapidly flow downwards under the drainage of the liquid guide strip seam. The cooled flue gas and the condensed liquid enter the smoke discharge diversion section 7 at the same time, the condensed water in the smoke discharge diversion chamber 7 continuously flows downwards under the action of self gravity and flows out from a condensed water outlet, and the flue gas flows out from a smoke outlet on the side surface, so that the separation of the flue gas and the condensed water is realized. Because the flue gas contains substances such as trace sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, the utility model discloses an anticorrosive coating and anticorrosive coating effectively controlled the flue gas and corroded heat transfer fin 3 and heat exchange tube 4.
On the water side, the water to be heated comes from a municipal water supply system, the temperature of the water for municipal water supply in summer is about 8-15 ℃, and in order to realize high-efficiency heat exchange between the water and the flue gas, a cross-flow arrangement scheme that the water in the pipe and the flue gas outside the pipe are approximately in a counter-flow mode is adopted. At first, come from municipal cold water follow the utility model discloses a cold water inlet 8 on the water heater lateral wall flows into heat exchanger divides in the box 9, then cold water flows into to the adjacent heat exchange tube bank of higher position in the heat exchange tube bank of lower position through dividing box 9 to it constantly heaies up to receive the flue gas side heating. Because the cold water inlet is positioned at the bottommost part of the side surface of the heat exchanger, municipal water with lower temperature directly exchanges heat with discharged flue gas, and the flue gas temperature of the gas water heater is obviously reduced. Consider that municipal water's hardness is higher, be heated and take place scale deposit phenomenon easily, the utility model discloses a box that divides has replaced traditional return bend connected mode, has avoided the great problem of interval between the different banks that leads to because of the restriction of return bend minimum curvature radius, has guaranteed the temperature homogeneity of the same heat exchange tube group water, has increased effective heat transfer area. Meanwhile, the flowing space in the water diversion box 9 is large, and the end part of the heat exchanger is prevented from being blocked by water scale. Then water flows into the water cooling wall pipe 10 from the water diversion box 9 of the heat exchanger, and the water cooling wall pipe 10 has the function of preventing high-temperature smoke or combustion flame from radiating heat to the outer wall surface to generate large heat dissipation loss. Therefore, when water flows in the water wall tubes 10, the heat radiated from the combustion flame or flue gas to the water wall tubes 10 is directly absorbed by the water in the radiant heat exchanger tubes, thereby avoiding heat loss. Finally, the water flows out of the heat exchanger from the hot water outlet 2.