CN214270602U - Nearly natural type ecological weir - Google Patents
Nearly natural type ecological weir Download PDFInfo
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- CN214270602U CN214270602U CN202023070226.9U CN202023070226U CN214270602U CN 214270602 U CN214270602 U CN 214270602U CN 202023070226 U CN202023070226 U CN 202023070226U CN 214270602 U CN214270602 U CN 214270602U
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- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses an ecological weir of nearly nature type, ecological weir includes river bank plant buffering area, the main weir body, the body of packing, micropore aeration equipment, microorganism embedding case, ecological chinampa, antiscour hole. The main weir body material of the utility model is composed of log and rockfill, and has novel structure, strong ecological and landscape properties; the filler body structure is provided with three purification units, the algae filtering unit filters algae and suspended matters in the water body in advance, the oxygen increasing aeration unit increases the water body turbulence and improves the dissolved oxygen content of the water body, and the biomembrane purification unit effectively intercepts, adsorbs and degrades microorganisms to obviously improve the water quality purification capacity; the ecological floating island can absorb and adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus-containing substances in water through a plant root system, and the root system can secrete a large amount of enzyme to promote the decomposition of organic matters in water; the downstream anti-scouring pit can effectively reduce the scouring of water flow to the downstream riverbed, and the arranged pebble cushion layer provides a suitable habitat for fishes.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the weir dam engineering, a nearly natural type ecological weir is related to.
Background
The barrage is a temporary or permanent water conservancy facility which is built for retaining water bodies, raising the upstream water level and meeting the requirements of irrigation, power generation, flood control and the like. Traditional barrage is built by concrete, stone masonry usually, does not possess the water permeability or the water permeability is relatively poor usually, has destroyed the vertical connectivity of river course, makes the water body of impoundment region circulate slowly, and material energy exchange capacity reduces, causes quality of water to worsen easily, pollutant enrichment scheduling problem. The permeable barrage technology is a series of technologies developed on the traditional barrage technology, the barrage body is usually constructed by building stones, gravels, wood blocks and other materials in stacking, fixed connection and other modes, and the permeable barrage has certain water permeability, can improve the separation of the traditional barrage on river substances and energy, recovers the river connectivity to a certain degree, and maintains the balance of an aquatic ecosystem. The permeable characteristic of the weir ensures that one part of water body passes through the weir body in a seepage mode, and the other part of incoming water overflows from the weir top in a drop mode, so that the content of dissolved oxygen in the water body is increased, and the weir has better ecological effect compared with the traditional weir dam.
The existing ecological permeable barrage is formed by changing the structure and the form on the basis of the traditional barrage, and the existing permeable barrage generally has the following problems:
(1) the dam body main structure is made of concrete or ecological concrete, so that the construction cost is high, the construction period is long, and the river connectivity is influenced to a certain extent;
(2) the water quality purification capacity is relatively weak through the purification effect of a single filler body.
Disclosure of Invention
To the above-mentioned problem that has the weir dam that permeates water at present, the utility model provides an ecological weir of nearly nature type.
The utility model aims at realizing through the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an ecological weir of nearly nature type, includes river bank plant buffering area, main weir body, filler body, micropore aeration equipment, microorganism embedding case, ecological chinampa, antiscour hole, wherein:
the riparian plant buffer zone is arranged at the upstream of the upstream surface of the main weir body;
the filler body is arranged inside the main weir body;
the filler body comprises three units, namely an algae filtering unit, an oxygen increasing aeration unit and a biological film purifying unit from upstream to downstream in sequence;
the algae filtering unit, the oxygen increasing aeration unit and the biological membrane purifying unit are sequentially composed of a reverse filter layer, a transition layer and a filter layer from bottom to top;
the microporous aeration device consists of a waterproof air pump and a microporous aeration pipe disc, wherein the waterproof air pump is fixed on a river bank and is connected with the microporous aeration pipe disc through an air pipe, and the microporous aeration pipe disc is arranged in a filter layer of the oxygenation aeration unit;
the microorganism embedding box consists of an outer fixing box body and an inner embedding bag and is arranged in a filtering layer of the biological membrane purifying unit;
the ecological floating island is fixed on the upper parts of the algae filtering unit, the oxygenation aeration unit and the biomembrane purification unit by using anchor cables, one end of each anchor cable is fixed on the lower part of the ecological floating island, and the other end of each anchor cable is fixed in the filter layers of the algae filtering unit, the oxygenation aeration unit and the biomembrane purification unit;
the anti-scouring pit is arranged at the downstream of the main weir body.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of as follows:
(1) the main weir body structure of the near-natural ecological weir is formed by combining raw wood and rockfill materials with certain water permeability, is novel in structure and strong in ecological and landscape properties, and can effectively relieve the influence of the weir body on the longitudinal connectivity of a river while maintaining the functions of landscape water surface, guaranteeing ecological water demand and the like.
(2) The weir body upper reaches form the deep water district, forms the deep pool in weir body low reaches, has moulded manifold landform and waters environment.
(3) The filler body structure is provided with three purification units, the algae filtering unit filters algae and suspended matters in water in advance, the oxygen increasing aeration unit increases water turbulence and improves dissolved oxygen content of the water, and the biomembrane purification unit effectively intercepts, adsorbs and degrades microorganisms to obviously improve water quality purification capacity.
(4) The ecological floating island on the upper part of the filler body can absorb and adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus-containing substances in water through a plant root system on one hand, and on the other hand, the root system can secrete a large amount of enzyme to promote the decomposition of organic matters in water, so that water flow on a weir is effectively purified; in addition, the floating island can also provide good habitat for aquatic animals, birds and insects, improve the biodiversity and be beneficial to ecological restoration and landscape improvement.
(5) The downstream anti-scouring pit can effectively reduce the scouring of water flow to the downstream riverbed, and the pebble cushion layer provides a suitable habitat for fishes.
(6) The utility model discloses can be applied to rural, city middle and small river course, can effectively reduce the pollutant and mould diversified landform and waters environment, be favorable to non-point source pollution control and river ecological environment to improve, be ecological civilization construction and wisdom water conservancy's innovative engineering design practice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of the near-natural ecological weir of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the near-natural type ecological weir of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of the filler body.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and all modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solution of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
The utility model provides an ecological weir of nearly nature type, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, ecological weir of nearly nature type includes riverbank plant buffering area 1, main weir body 2, the packing body, micropore aeration equipment 6, microorganism embedding case 7, ecological chinampa 8 and antiscour hole 9, wherein:
the river bank plant buffer zone 1 is arranged at the upstream of the upstream face of the main weir body and consists of small shrubs (such as creeping juniper, pittosporum tobira, boxwood, tropaeolum majus, lagerstroemia indica and the like) and hygrophytes, so that the river bank plant buffer zone can effectively intercept plane-source pollutants, and can also stabilize the bank to prevent water and soil loss. When the plant is optimally configured, local native plants should be selected as much as possible.
The main weir body 2 is composed of logs 10 and rockfill, the upstream water-facing surface part of the main weir body is composed of a lower gravel layer, a middle pebble layer and an upper gravel layer, and the downstream water-facing surface part of the main weir body is composed of a lower gravel layer and an upper pebble layer which are respectively fixed on a riverbed by the logs. The main weir body upper reaches form the deep water district, and river bottom gravel layer provides the habitat for organisms such as fish and shelters the place, and weir rivers form can be crossed in the rugged rough surface of low reaches surface of a river pebble layer, forms manifold flow field environment, increases the water aeration.
The filler body is arranged in the main weir body and comprises three units, as shown in figure 3, an algae filtering unit 3, an oxygen increasing aeration unit 4 and a biological membrane purifying unit 5 are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream. The algae filtering unit 3, the oxygen increasing aeration unit 4 and the biomembrane purifying unit 5 are sequentially composed of a reverse filter layer, a transition layer and a filter layer from bottom to top, wherein: the inverted filter layer 301 of the filler body algae filtering unit 3 is formed by piling one or more fillers of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, quartz sand and cobblestone, and the material grading particle size is 5-20 mm; the transition layer 302 is formed by piling one or more adsorptive fillers in sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock and ceramsite, and the grading particle size of the material is 4-15 mm; the filtering layer 303 is composed of one or more adsorptive fillers of materials such as illite, chlorite, talc, zeolite, sand gravel, volcanic rock, ceramsite and the like, the grading particle size of the materials is 2-12 mm, and algae and suspended matters in the water body are filtered in advance by utilizing the flocculation effect of clay minerals on the algae. The inverted filter 401 of the oxygen aeration unit 4 is formed by piling one or more fillers of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, quartz sand and cobblestone, and the grading particle size of the material is 5-20 mm; the transition layer 402 is formed by piling one or more adsorptive fillers in sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock and ceramsite, and the grading particle size of the material is 4-15 mm; the filtering layer 403 is composed of one or more adsorptive fillers of materials such as sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite and the like, and the grading particle size of the materials is 2-12 mm. The reverse filtering layer 501 of the biological membrane purification unit 5 is formed by piling one or more fillers of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, quartz sand and cobblestone, and the grading particle size of the material is 5-20 mm; the transition layer 502 is formed by piling one or more adsorptive fillers in sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock and ceramsite, and the grading particle size of the material is 4-15 mm; the filtering layer 503 is composed of one or more adsorptive fillers of materials such as sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite and the like, and the grading particle size of the materials is 2-12 mm.
The microporous aeration device 6 consists of a waterproof air pump and a microporous aeration pipe disc, the waterproof air pump is fixed on a river bank and is connected with the microporous aeration pipe disc through an air pipe, the microporous aeration pipe disc is arranged in a filter layer 403 of the aeration unit, and when the device is started, the water body turbulence is increased, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water body is improved.
The microorganism embedding box 7 is arranged in a filter layer 503 of the biomembrane purification unit 5 and consists of an outer fixing box body and an inner embedding bag, the outer fixing box body is made of PVC material with higher mechanical strength, and random holes with the diameter of 1-5 mm are formed in each surface of the box body to allow water flow and macromolecular pollutants to pass through; the inner embedding bag is mainly composed of a triangular latticed porous transparent fixed structure and a water-insoluble biological gel polymer, selected water-purifying microorganisms are cultured in the biological gel polymer, the biological gel polymer can adsorb substances such as pollutant molecules and the like, good survival and reproduction conditions are provided for the microorganisms, the microorganisms are prevented from being washed away by water and lost, and bacillus robustus, alcaligenes, em flora and the like can be selected according to the types of water pollutants in a river channel. When water flows through the outer fixed box body, pollutant molecules in the water permeate into the outer fixed box body, and products are diffused out of the outer fixed box body after being degraded by microorganisms, so that the water quality purification effect is achieved. Interior embedding bag and external fixation box are connected fixedly through the mode of buckle, and the external fixation box is fixed to be inlayed in the backwater side of biomembrane purifying element filter layer 503, and interior embedding bag can be taken out, the installation from the external fixation box, can be according to embedding bag interior embedding bag regular replacement in the microorganism situation, keeps higher microorganism content and quality of water purification ability.
The ecological floating island 8 consists of a carrier and a hydrophilous plant on the upper part of the carrier, wherein: the carrier adopts coconut fiber; the camptotheca acuminata is one or more of vetiver, goosegrass herb, canna, reed, cress, cattail, calamus, water hyacinth, wild rice stem and the like. The ecological floating island 8 is fixed on the upper part of each unit of the filler body by using an anchor cable 11, one end of the anchor cable 11 is fixed on the lower part of the ecological floating island, and the other end is fixed in each unit filtering layer of the filler body. The ecological floating island 8 can absorb and adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus-containing substances in water through a plant root system, and the root system can secrete a large amount of enzyme to promote the decomposition of organic matters in water. In addition, the ecological floating island 8 can also provide good habitat for aquatic animals, birds and insects, and improve the biodiversity.
The downstream anti-scouring pit 9 is a groove which is concave to the riverbed and is arranged at the downstream of the main weir body, and an anti-scouring pebble cushion layer is laid on the upper part of the groove, so that the scouring of water flow to the downstream riverbed can be effectively reduced; a deep pool formed at the downstream of the main weir body is beneficial to the detention of organisms such as fishes, and the pebble cushion layer provides refuge for the organisms in flood period and dry period.
The construction method of the near-natural ecological weir comprises the following specific construction steps:
determining the scale and the form of a near-natural ecological weir to be constructed, and designing a weir dam body structure to ensure that the weir dam body meets the engineering safety requirement; preparing the construction work of early diversion and drainage, river channel dredging and foundation treatment, and determining the arrangement positions of a weir body and a waterproof air pump;
fixing the logs in the riverbed, and filling rockfill on the upstream surface part and the downstream surface part of the main weir body in a layered manner;
step three, filling an inverted filter layer, a transition layer and a filter layer of each unit of the filler body in a layered manner, and laying an outer fixed box body of the microorganism embedding box, a micropore aeration disc of a micropore aeration device and an anchor rope for fixing the ecological floating island while performing filling work;
fourthly, laying a plant buffer zone at the upstream of the main weir body; laying an anti-scouring pit at the downstream, and laying a layer of pebble cushion layer on the anti-scouring pit;
fixing a waterproof air pump of the microporous aeration device on the river bank, fixing the bottom of the ecological floating island carrier on the upper part of the filler body by using an anchor rope, and putting an inner embedded bag for culturing the purified water microorganisms into an outer fixing box body of the microorganism embedding box.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an ecological weir of nearly nature type which characterized in that ecological weir includes bank plant buffering area, main weir body, filler, micropore aeration equipment, microorganism embedding case, ecological chinampa, antiscour pit, wherein:
the riparian plant buffer zone is arranged at the upstream of the upstream surface of the main weir body;
the filler body is arranged inside the main weir body;
the filler body comprises three units, namely an algae filtering unit, an oxygen increasing aeration unit and a biological film purifying unit from upstream to downstream in sequence;
the algae filtering unit, the oxygen increasing aeration unit and the biological membrane purifying unit are sequentially composed of a reverse filter layer, a transition layer and a filter layer from bottom to top;
the microporous aeration device consists of a waterproof air pump and a microporous aeration pipe disc, wherein the waterproof air pump is fixed on a river bank and is connected with the microporous aeration pipe disc through an air pipe, and the microporous aeration pipe disc is arranged in a filter layer of the oxygenation aeration unit;
the microorganism embedding box consists of an outer fixing box body and an inner embedding bag and is arranged in a filtering layer of the biological membrane purifying unit;
the ecological floating island is fixed on the upper parts of the algae filtering unit, the oxygenation aeration unit and the biomembrane purification unit by using anchor cables, one end of each anchor cable is fixed on the lower part of the ecological floating island, and the other end of each anchor cable is fixed in the filter layers of the algae filtering unit, the oxygenation aeration unit and the biomembrane purification unit;
the anti-scouring pit is arranged at the downstream of the main weir body.
2. The near natural ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the riparian plant buffer zone is composed of one or more of the group consisting of juniper, pittosporum, buxus japonicas, tropaeolum and crape myrtle and hygrophytes.
3. The ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the main weir body is composed of logs and rockfill, the upstream surface of the main weir body is composed of a lower gravel layer, a middle pebble layer and an upper gravel layer, and the downstream surface of the main weir body is composed of a lower gravel layer and an upper pebble layer, and the logs are fixed on the riverbed respectively.
4. The near-natural ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the reverse filtering layer of the algae filtering unit of the filler body is formed by stacking one of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, quartz sand and cobblestone, and the grading particle size of the material is 5-20 mm; the transition layer is formed by piling one of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock and ceramsite, and the grading particle size of the material is 4-15 mm; the filtering layer is composed of illite, chlorite, talc, zeolite, sand gravel, volcanic rock and ceramsite, and the grading particle size of the material is 2-12 mm.
5. The near-natural ecological weir according to claim 1, wherein the inverted filter layer of the oxygen aeration unit is formed by stacking one of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, quartz sand and cobblestone, and the material grading grain size is 5-20 mm; the transition layer is formed by piling one of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock and ceramsite, and the grading particle size of the material is 4-15 mm; the filtering layer is composed of one of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock and ceramsite, and the grading particle size of the material is 2-12 mm.
6. The near-natural ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the reverse filtering layer of the biofilm purification unit is formed by stacking one of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, quartz sand and cobblestone, and the grading particle size of the material is 5-20 mm; the transition layer is formed by piling one of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock and ceramsite, and the grading particle size of the material is 4-15 mm; the filtering layer is composed of one of sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock and ceramsite, and the grading particle size of the material is 2-12 mm.
7. The near-natural ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the external fixation box body is made of PVC material, and random holes of 1-5 mm are formed on each surface of the box body; the inner embedding bag is composed of a triangular latticed porous transparent fixed structure and water-insoluble biological gel polymer.
8. The near-natural ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the ecological floating island is composed of a carrier and an upper water-loving plant thereof, the carrier is made of coconut fiber; the camptotheca acuminata is one or more of vetiver, goosegrass herb, canna, reed, cress, cattail, calamus, water hyacinth and wild rice stem.
9. The near-natural ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the downstream anti-erosion pit is a groove recessed into the river bed, and an anti-erosion pebble cushion layer is laid on the upper portion of the groove.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023070226.9U CN214270602U (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Nearly natural type ecological weir |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202023070226.9U CN214270602U (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Nearly natural type ecological weir |
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| CN214270602U true CN214270602U (en) | 2021-09-24 |
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| CN202023070226.9U Expired - Fee Related CN214270602U (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Nearly natural type ecological weir |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112499910A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-16 | 长春工程学院 | Near-natural ecological weir and construction method thereof |
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2020
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112499910A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-16 | 长春工程学院 | Near-natural ecological weir and construction method thereof |
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Granted publication date: 20210924 |