CN214151017U - Magnetic field detector - Google Patents
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- CN214151017U CN214151017U CN202023105323.7U CN202023105323U CN214151017U CN 214151017 U CN214151017 U CN 214151017U CN 202023105323 U CN202023105323 U CN 202023105323U CN 214151017 U CN214151017 U CN 214151017U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a magnetic field detector, include: the circuit comprises a power supply, a Hall element, a comparator, a resistor and a light emitting diode; the power supply generates a first voltage and a second voltage after voltage division, the first voltage is connected to the non-inverting input end of the first comparator, and the second voltage is connected to the inverting input end of the second comparator; the output end of the Hall element is connected to the inverting input end of the first comparator and the non-inverting input end of the second comparator after voltage division; the first light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the first comparator, and the second light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the second comparator; if the first light emitting diode emits light, the Hall element is close to the S pole magnetic field, and if the second light emitting diode emits light, the Hall element is close to the N pole magnetic field. The utility model discloses the high sensitivity that uses hall element's hall effect to show, the small-size operational amplifier of cooperation uses as the comparator, and through the difference in height potential that different polarity magnetic fields produced, the pilot lamp of drive different colours comes the magnetic field polarity of audio-visual reaction current test position.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a power supply circuit technical field especially relates to a magnetic field detector.
Background
Magnetic fields exist in all corners of the world, mainly in two forms. One is the permanent magnet, can regard as a permanent magnet like the earth itself, and the south is the two poles of the earth respectively near north and south, and the mankind utilizes this characteristics utility model magnetic compass for navigation discernment direction etc. more common is the magnet. The other is a magnetic field formed by electromagnetic induction, and the existence of current can form the magnetic field according to ampere's law. Magnetic fields are not only used by humans, but sometimes interfere with and even threaten human labor production, aviation and military safety. For example, warships need demagnetization, and the purpose of the technical measures is to weaken the magnetic field intensity of the warships and improve the distribution characteristics of the warships. The magnetic shielding device is used for improving the magnetic shielding capability of the naval vessel, defending the attack of a magnetic weapon (such as a magnetic induction mine) in water and finding the attack by a magnetic detection instrument, and guaranteeing the navigation safety of the naval vessel. Meanwhile, the navigation system of the airplane is affected by the magnetic field, so that the problem of deviation and even failure occurs.
In the electromagnetic compatibility test, the test items related to magnetic field emission are available in military products, civil products and aviation airborne tests. The method aims to detect whether the magnetic field emission quantity of equipment installed on large-scale facilities such as ships and airplanes meets the limit value requirement of the standard or not and provide reference for demagnetizing harmful magnetic fields. However, the electromagnetic compatibility test mainly quantifies the strength of the magnetic field, and cannot judge the polarity of the magnetic field, and the first step of the basic principle of the demagnetization technology is to locate the polarity of the magnetic field and then generate a reverse magnetic field to counteract the magnetic field.
As shown in fig. 1, the magnetic field runs from north pole (N pole) to south pole (S pole) to form a closed-loop magnetic circuit, and the mathematical relationship with the distance in space is cubic, so that on ships and other facilities, there are often current transmission lines up to several hundred amperes, and very high magnetic fields are formed around the current transmission lines, which requires polar positioning of the magnetic field generated by the equipment to assist in taking further measures.
For the problem, as the method mainly exists in the complete machine or ship performance research and test of military/civil aircraft, currently, related test standards do not have an exemplary standard test configuration, and a simple and efficient test method and a test device are not popularized in the industry all the time to solve the actual difficulty encountered in magnetic field polarity positioning.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model provides a magnetic field detector is dedicated to under guaranteeing tester, equipment safe operating condition, adopts contactless mode to fix a position the magnetic field polarity that equipment each position produced. The polarity of the magnetic field in the designated direction can be efficiently and intuitively judged, and meanwhile, the sensitivity of the magnetic field also needs to be guaranteed.
An embodiment of the utility model provides a magnetic field detector, include: the circuit comprises a power supply with a voltage value of 5v, a Hall element with the model of SS49E, a comparator with the model of LM393, a resistor and a light-emitting diode; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the power supply is divided by a first resistor with the resistance value of 10k omega, a second resistor with the resistance value of 1k omega and a third resistor with the resistance value of 10k omega in sequence to generate a first voltage of 2.4v and a second voltage of 2.6v, the first voltage is connected to the non-inverting input end of the first comparator, and the second voltage is connected to the inverting input end of the second comparator;
a third voltage divided by a fourth resistor with the resistance value of 10k omega at the output end of the Hall element is respectively connected to the inverting input end of the first comparator and the non-inverting input end of the second comparator;
the first light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the first comparator, and the second light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the second comparator.
Further, the generation of the first voltage and the second voltage after the power supply is divided by the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor in sequence is specifically:
the power supply is sequentially connected with a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor, the voltage between the first resistor and the second resistor is a first voltage, and the voltage between the second resistor and the third resistor is a second voltage; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.
Further, the forward direction of the first light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the first comparator, and the reverse direction of the first light emitting diode is connected with a fifth resistor; the forward direction of the second light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the second comparator, and the reverse direction of the second light emitting diode is connected with the sixth resistor.
Furthermore, the first comparator is connected to a power supply, and the second comparator is connected to the power supply.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses beneficial effect lies in:
the utility model provides a magnetic field detector, include: the circuit comprises a power supply, a Hall element, a comparator, a resistor and a light emitting diode; the power supply is divided by a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor in sequence to generate a first voltage and a second voltage, the first voltage is connected to a non-inverting input end of a first comparator, and the second voltage is connected to an inverting input end of a second comparator; the output end of the Hall element is respectively connected with the inverting input end of the first comparator and the non-inverting input end of the second comparator after being divided by the fourth resistor; the first light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the first comparator, and the second light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the second comparator; and if the Hall element is in a power supply state, if the first light-emitting diode emits light, the Hall element is close to an S pole magnetic field, and if the second light-emitting diode emits light, the Hall element is close to an N pole magnetic field. The utility model discloses the high sensitivity that uses hall element's hall effect to show, the small-size operational amplifier of cooperation uses as the comparator, and the high low potential that produces through the not polarity magnetic field is poor, exports different electric potentials, and the LED pilot lamp of drive different colours comes the magnetic field polarity of audio-visual reaction current test position.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly described below, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the polarity of a magnetic field provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a magnetic field detector according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph illustrating an output curve of an open-loop hall device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an internal circuit diagram of a hall element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of magnetic range and output voltage of a hall element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage comparator according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an internal circuit diagram of a voltage comparator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a logic diagram of an operating principle of a magnetic field detector according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be understood that the step numbers used herein are for convenience of description only and are not intended as limitations on the order in which the steps are performed.
It is to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The terms "comprises" and "comprising" indicate the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
The term "and/or" refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The traditional test method generally adopts a magnetic compass to test, firstly, the environmental geomagnetic field test is carried out in the same place far away from the equipment, the south/north pole orientation of the magnetic field is observed, after the pointer is determined to be oriented, the magnetic compass is slowly close to the tested surface of the equipment to be tested in the horizontal direction, and meanwhile, the pointer deflection direction is observed.
If the pointer is a north pointer, deflection of the pointer toward the device direction when approaching the device indicates that the current device magnetic field direction is south (S-pole), and deflection of the pointer toward the opposite direction indicates that the current device magnetic field direction is north (N-pole). When the pointer is a south pointer, the judgment method is opposite.
However, geomagnetism is different according to the altitude of the position of each region relative to the sea level and the surrounding environment, the deflection response capability of the magnetic compass, namely the sensitivity, is limited, meanwhile, the minimum scale on the magnetic compass is generally 1 degree, and the change of the minimum scale when the minimum scale is smaller than the deflection angle is generally difficult to be perceived, so the traditional method is not only complicated to implement and needs to be operated carefully, but also is inconvenient and accurate to implement due to larger error caused by uncertain factors.
The utility model discloses the intention is using the high sensitivity that hall effect of hall element appeared, and the small-size operational amplifier of cooperation uses as the comparator, and the high low potential that produces through the not polarity magnetic field is poor, exports different electric potentials, and the LED pilot lamp of drive different colours comes the magnetic field polarity of audio-visual reaction current test position.
The hall effect is a physical phenomenon in which a magnetic field acts on carriers in a current-carrying metal conductor or semiconductor, and a potential difference occurs in a lateral direction. When an electric current is passed through the metal foil, if a magnetic field is applied in a direction perpendicular to the current,a lateral potential difference will occur across the metal foil. The hall effect is more pronounced in semiconductors than in metal foils, whereas ferromagnetic metals exhibit a very strong hall effect below the curie temperature. Various sensors can be designed and manufactured by utilizing the Hall effect. Hall potential difference UHThe basic relationship is as follows:
in the formula:
RH-hall coefficient;
n-the number of carriers or free electrons per unit volume;
q-the electronic charge;
i-the current passed;
b-magnetic induction perpendicular to I;
d-the thickness of the conductor.
Because the magnetic field exists around the electrified lead and the magnitude of the magnetic field is in direct proportion to the current in the lead, the magnetic field can be measured by the Hall element, and the magnitude of the current of the lead can be determined. The Hall current sensor can be designed and manufactured by utilizing the principle. Its advantages are no electric contact with the circuit to be tested, no influence to the circuit to be tested, no consumption of power supply, and high current sensing.
A first aspect.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetic field detector, including: power, hall element, comparator, resistance and emitting diode.
The power source VCC generates a first voltage (a point voltage) and a second voltage (C point voltage) after being divided by the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 in sequence, the first voltage is connected to a non-inverting input terminal of the first comparator U1, and the second voltage is connected to an inverting input terminal of the second comparator U2.
In one embodiment, the voltage division of the power VCC by the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3 sequentially generates a first voltage (voltage at point a) and a second voltage (voltage at point C), which are specifically:
the power supply VCC is sequentially connected with a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a third resistor R3, the voltage between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 is a first voltage, and the voltage between the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 is a second voltage; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.
The output end of the hall element is respectively connected to the inverting input end of the first amplifier comparator U1 and the non-inverting input end of the second comparator U2 at a third voltage (voltage at point B) divided by the fourth resistor R4.
The first LED1 is connected to the output of the first comparator U1, and the second LED2 is connected to the output of the second LED 2.
The Hall element is satisfied in the power supply state,
if the first light emitting diode LED1 emits light, the hall element is close to the S-pole magnetic field.
In one specific embodiment, if the first light emitting diode LED1 emits light, the hall element is close to the S-pole magnetic field, specifically:
if the first voltage (voltage at point a) is greater than the third voltage (voltage at point B), that is, the voltage at the positive input end of the first comparator U1 is greater than the voltage at the negative input end, the first light emitting diode LED1 emits light, and the hall element approaches the S-pole magnetic field.
And if the second light-emitting diode emits light, the Hall element is close to the N-pole magnetic field.
In a specific embodiment, if the second light emitting diode LED2 emits light, the hall element is close to the N-pole magnetic field, specifically:
if the second voltage (voltage at point C) is less than the third voltage (voltage at point B), that is, the voltage at the forward input end of the second comparator U2 is greater than the voltage at the reverse input end, the second light emitting diode LED2 emits light, and the hall element approaches the N-pole magnetic field.
In a specific embodiment, the method further comprises:
if neither the first light emitting diode LED1 nor the second light emitting diode LED2 is emitting light, the hall element is not close to the magnetic field.
In a specific embodiment, the voltage of the power source VCC is 5v, the resistance of the first resistor R1 is 10k Ω, the resistance of the second resistor R2 is 1k Ω, the resistance of the third resistor R3 is 10k Ω, the first voltage is 2.4v, the second voltage is 2.6v, the power supply voltage of the hall element is 5v, and the resistance of the fourth resistor R4 is 10k Ω.
In a specific embodiment, the forward direction of the first LED1 is connected to the output terminal of the first comparator U1, and the reverse direction of the first LED1 is connected to the fifth resistor R5; the forward direction of the second LED2 is connected to the output terminal of the second comparator U2, and the reverse direction of the second LED2 is connected to the sixth resistor R6.
In a specific embodiment, the first comparator U1 is powered on, and the second comparator U2 is powered on.
In one embodiment, the hall element is model SS 49E.
It should be noted that the linear hall element can be generally divided into an open-loop type and a closed-loop type, and the SS49E of the present invention belongs to an open-loop type hall element, and is mainly used for voltage change caused by magnetic field change. The output voltage and the external magnetic field strength are in a linear relationship, as shown in fig. 3, it can be seen that the magnetic induction ranges from B1 to B2 have better linearity, and the magnetic induction beyond the range is in a saturated state.
The linear hall element recommends the use of SS 49E. The SS49E sensor is a small, versatile device controlled by a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. The linear output voltage source is set according to the supply voltage and varies proportionally with the magnetic field strength. The product is very energy efficient and can operate at a minimum of 2.7VDC, while the current consumption is only 6mA at a typical voltage of 5 VDC. The integrated circuit features a low noise output, which makes it unnecessary to use an external filter. It also contains a film resistor, and has better temperature stability and accuracy. The linear Hall effect sensor has a service temperature range of-40 deg.C to 100 deg.C, and is suitable for commercial, consumer and industrial fields, and its internal integrated circuit composition is shown in FIG. 4.
The magnetic range and output voltage curve of SS49E under typical 5VDC supply conditions is shown in fig. 5.
In one embodiment, the first comparator U1 and the second comparator U2 are both LM393 in model number.
As shown in fig. 6, the comparator is actually one of the operational amplifiers, and can be regarded as a 1-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The operational amplifier can be used as a comparator in principle without adding negative feedback, but since the open loop gain of the operational amplifier is very high, it can only process signals with very small input differential voltages. In addition, in general, the delay time of the operational amplifier is long, and thus the actual requirement cannot be met. The comparator is adjusted to provide a very small time delay, but its frequency response is limited. To avoid output oscillation, many comparators also have internal hysteresis circuitry. The thresholds of the comparators are fixed, there is only one threshold, and there are two thresholds. The utility model discloses use LM393 to use as voltage comparator, voltage comparator can be regarded as the operational amplifier that the magnification is close "infinity".
Function of the voltage comparator: comparing the magnitudes of the two voltages (representing the magnitude relationship of the two input voltages by the high or low level of the output voltage):
when the voltage at the + input end is higher than that at the-input end, the output of the voltage comparator is high level;
when the voltage at the plus input end is lower than that at the minus input end, the output of the voltage comparator is low level;
the voltage comparator can work in a linear working area and a nonlinear working area. When working in a linear working area, the characteristics are virtual short and virtual break; when working in nonlinear working area, the characteristics are jump and virtual break.
Because the output of the comparator only has two states of low level and high level, the integrated operational amplifier therein is always operated in a nonlinear region. From the circuit structure, the operational amplifier is usually in an open loop state, and in order to make the output state of the comparator switch more quickly and to improve the response speed, positive feedback is generally connected into the circuit.
As shown in fig. 7, the comparator recommends the use of LM 393. LM393 is a dual voltage comparator integrated circuit. The output load resistor can be connected to any power supply voltage within the allowable power supply voltage range and is not limited by the value of the power supply voltage Vcc. Meanwhile, LM393 is also a high-gain, wide-band device, like most comparators, and if there is a parasitic capacitance from the output to the input to generate coupling, oscillation is easily generated, so that the power supply does not need to add a bypass capacitor.
The utility model discloses inside components and parts adopt analog quantity components and parts and passive components and parts more to portable switching power supply or battery powered (treasured charges) commonly used, the use of the active device of minimize number, the influence of lowering system self to magnetic field polarity test guarantees the excellence of its function and performance.
In one embodiment, the logic relationship of the specific operation principle of the identifiable polar magnetic field detection device is shown in fig. 8.
The utility model is used for the quick polarity in contactless of magnetic field detects, so must satisfy following characteristic:
1) the device must work in the field without external magnetic field interference;
2) a high-precision direct-current power supply or a self-contained battery must be equipped for supplying power to the device;
3) the operator must not wear ornaments or mobile electronic equipment containing iron, cobalt and nickel, so as to avoid influencing the test accuracy.
Can see from figure 8 the utility model discloses divide into static voltage comparison (detect around there is not magnetic field), low-voltage comparison (detect around magnetic field be S polarity) and high-voltage comparison (detect around magnetic field be N polarity) three work logic paths, the utility model discloses the circuit overall diagram is shown in figure 2.
Power supply voltage division: the voltage of the 5VDC power supply is divided by using R1, R2 and R3, the voltage of the point A is about 2.4V, and the voltage of the point C is about 2.6V. Three transmission paths will now be described:
1) static voltage comparison: the static voltage B point output of the linear Hall element SS49E is 2.5V under the condition of 5VDC power supply. When SS49E is at the quiescent voltage output, it can be seen that the voltage at point a is lower than the voltage at point B, and comparator U1 is in reverse voltage operation. The voltage at point C is higher than the voltage at point B, and the comparator U2 is also in the reverse voltage operating state. Neither LED1 nor LED2 will illuminate;
2) and (3) low-voltage comparison: when the linear hall element SS49E is close to the magnetic field with S polarity, the output voltage drops, and when the voltage is lower than 2.4V, the voltage at point a is higher than the voltage at point B, the comparator U1 is in a forward voltage working state, and the output 5V drives the LED1 to light, indicating that the magnetic field polarity is S polarity. The voltage of the point C is still higher than that of the point B, and the comparator U2 is kept in a reverse voltage working state, so that the LED2 cannot be lightened;
3) high voltage comparison: when the linear hall element SS49E is close to the N-polarity magnetic field, the output voltage thereof will increase, and when it is higher than 2.6V, the voltage at point B will be higher than the voltage at point C, the comparator U2 will be in the forward voltage operation state, and the output 5V drives the LED2 to illuminate, indicating that the polarity of the magnetic field is N-polarity. While the voltage at point B is still higher than the voltage at point a, the comparator U1 remains in reverse voltage operation, so the LED1 will not illuminate.
Through the three paths, compared with the traditional test method, the magnetic field polarity identification device mainly adds various active devices to build a circuit, can realize high-precision magnetic field polarity identification, and mainly adds components and parts including linear Hall devices and comparators.
The circuit has the following advantages:
1. the magnetic field change characteristic is converted into an electric signal, so that mV-level dynamic response is achieved, and the sensitivity of magnetic field identification is greatly improved;
2. the structure is simple, the building is easy, and the cost for manufacturing components is greatly reduced;
3. the safety voltage is adopted for power supply, so that the safety of personnel can be guaranteed;
4. compared with the traditional test method, the method is convenient and fast, visual and non-contact display can be realized only by approaching, and the identification efficiency and precision are greatly improved.
The utility model discloses the key technology lies in using linear hall element, dual voltage comparator and 6 resistance, 2 LED combinations, uses the circuit design thinking that very retrencies to reach the test judgement high-efficient, directly perceived, the high sensitivity of magnetic field polarity. Because the Hall element and the double-voltage comparator used in the circuit are integrated circuit components, the two paths of comparison circuits can be built by using 1 double-voltage comparator, and the resistor and the LED can be packaged in a surface mounting manner, the whole volume of the device can not exceed 10cm2The size and the portability are very high, the device is also suitable for operation in a narrow space, and the manufacturing cost is extremely low. Meanwhile, the test result is displayed in an indicator lamp mode, the requirement of the tester on professional knowledge ability is greatly reduced, the operation can be completed and the result judgment can be made through simple description, and a simple device which is convenient to self-manufacture and can easily complete the test without professionals is provided for enterprises and public institutions with requirements.
The utility model discloses improvement magnetic field polarity efficiency of software testing, security and accuracy that can be very big alleviate field test personnel experiment by a wide margin and arrange the degree of difficulty and personnel's requirement, solved simultaneously when carrying out the magnetic field polarity test, the error problem of reading the test result and other methods probably need contact equipment under test to bring the potential safety hazard problem, and testing device simple manufacture is convenient, and the cost is extremely low. Meanwhile, the device body is small and exquisite, is particularly suitable for testing operation in a narrow space area, and provides a practical and effective solution for judging the polarity of a magnetic field.
Claims (4)
1. A magnetic field sensor, comprising: the circuit comprises a power supply with a voltage value of 5v, a Hall element with the model of SS49E, a comparator with the model of LM393, a resistor and a light-emitting diode; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the power supply is divided by a first resistor with the resistance value of 10k omega, a second resistor with the resistance value of 1k omega and a third resistor with the resistance value of 10k omega in sequence to generate a first voltage of 2.4v and a second voltage of 2.6v, the first voltage is connected to the non-inverting input end of the first comparator, and the second voltage is connected to the inverting input end of the second comparator;
a third voltage divided by a fourth resistor with the resistance value of 10k omega at the output end of the Hall element is respectively connected to the inverting input end of the first comparator and the non-inverting input end of the second comparator;
the first light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the first comparator, and the second light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the second comparator.
2. The magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage generated by the power source after being divided by the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor are:
the power supply is sequentially connected with a first resistor, a second resistor and a third resistor, the voltage between the first resistor and the second resistor is a first voltage, and the voltage between the second resistor and the third resistor is a second voltage; the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.
3. The magnetic field sensor according to claim 1, wherein the forward direction of the first light emitting diode is connected to the output terminal of the first comparator, and the reverse direction of the first light emitting diode is connected to a fifth resistor; the forward direction of the second light emitting diode is connected with the output end of the second comparator, and the reverse direction of the second light emitting diode is connected with the sixth resistor.
4. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the first comparator is coupled to a power source and the second comparator is coupled to a power source.
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| CN202023105323.7U CN214151017U (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Magnetic field detector |
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| CN202023105323.7U CN214151017U (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Magnetic field detector |
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