CN213970137U

CN213970137U - Novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with self-locking and force-increasing pulling claws

Info

Publication number: CN213970137U
Application number: CN202022024328.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陶天健; 陶一帆; 陶跃明
Original assignee: Qingyuan Tianyi Cnc Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Qingyuan Tianyi Cnc Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-16
Filing date: 2020-09-16
Publication date: 2021-08-17
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-16

Abstract

The utility model discloses a draw novel high-speed main shaft broach mechanism of claw ability auto-lock reinforcement, including main shaft rotation axis, BBT handle of a knife, handle of a knife blind rivet, water spray ejector pin, auto-lock reinforcement type draw the claw, draw claw external diameter cover, check valve, top push spring, dish spring front cushion cover, draw knife pole, dish spring group, dish spring well spacer ring, lid, pine sword to bear the pressure cover behind main shaft. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that: the spindle broach mechanism adopts a BBT cutter system and a self-locking boosting type broach, can apply a new process of high-pressure water-spraying high-speed cutting machining at the center of a spindle, combines the advantages of the three types of tool, is applied to a high-speed spindle of a high-end numerical control machine tool, effectively ensures the high-speed running of the spindle, improves the machining efficiency and the surface machining precision, stably runs and creates excellent value.

Description

Novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with self-locking and force-increasing pulling claws

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a machine tool spare part field specifically indicates a draw claw can auto-lock reinforcement and main shaft center can the jet-propelled novel high-speed main shaft broach mechanism of water spray.

Background

In response to the national strategic demands on high-grade numerical control machines and the strong demands of domestic numerical control machines and machining centers on the development of high-precision and high-speed machining, the main shaft is required to have a more compact structure, higher requirement on the rotating speed, more efficient machining and more precise machining, and the matching requirement is that the inner broach mechanism of the main shaft is required to be more stable, more dynamically balanced and more efficient and quick in tool changing; therefore, the novel main shaft self-locking reinforcement type pull claw is applied, the novel main shaft broach mechanism which can stably pull the tool shank by the pull claw self-locking reinforcement when the main shaft is in a broach state, has good dynamic balance and can be applied to a high-speed main shaft is developed, and the novel main shaft broach mechanism is an urgent need.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is that for novel auto-lock reinforcement type broach development practical application creates remarkable value to high-speed main shaft broach mechanism.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the technical scheme provided by the utility model is as follows: a novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with a pull claw capable of self-locking reinforcement comprises a spindle rotating axis, wherein a BBT (BBT) shank is assembled in a front taper hole of the spindle rotating axis, the shank is provided with a central through hole, a shank blind rivet is installed at the small end of the shank taper shank, the central through hole of the shank blind rivet is provided with a taper hole and an oil seal groove at the end part, a seal contact water spray ejector rod is arranged in the taper hole at the end part of the shank blind rivet, the water spray ejector rod penetrates out of a central hole of a pull claw pull bolt, a self-locking pull claw sheet is arranged at the small-diameter shaft end of the pull claw pull bolt and the outer side of the shank blind rivet, a pull claw outer diameter sleeve is arranged at the outer side of the self-locking pull claw sheet, the pull claw outer diameter sleeve is lined between the pull claw outer diameter and the spindle rotating axis inner hole, the inner diameter step of a rotating shaft core is axially positioned, a one-way valve is installed at the end part of the water spray ejector rod and the central hole of the pull claw pull bolt, a pushing spring is installed at the end part of the one-way valve, and a disc spring front cushion cover is installed at the end part of the pull claw outer diameter sleeve, there is locating pin location hookup between draw claw external diameter cover and the dish spring front cushion cover, draw claw tieing screw thread hookup has the broach pole, the broach pole is from the center hole cluster dish spring front cushion cover in proper order, and two sets of dish spring group, interval circle in the dish spring group, the broach pole is installed in main shaft rotation axis hole, and the lid is adjusted after the backshifting is spacing through the main shaft, lid and main shaft rotation axis between screw thread hookup behind the main shaft, the broach pole exposes one of main shaft rotation axis and serves and install the pine sword and hold the pressure jacket, and the broach pole between the tight nail bolt location, broach pole rear end hole has the interior left thread of installation rotation connector.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model the advantage lie in: the spindle broach mechanism adopts a BBT cutter system to be combined with a self-locking pull claw, can apply a new high-speed cutting and processing process of high-pressure water spraying at the center of a spindle, combines the advantages of three main tools, is applied to a high-end numerical control machine tool, effectively ensures the high-speed operation of the spindle, improves the processing efficiency and the surface processing precision, stably operates, and can create excellent value; the advantages are as follows:

firstly, the performance of the traditional BT cutter system is difficult to meet the requirement of high-speed cutting machining, and in order to solve the difficulty of high-end numerical control machine tool machining and the precision and efficiency of deep hole position machining, the shaft core taper hole of the broaching mechanism adopts BBT main shaft two-side positioning design, compared with another high-speed cutter system HSK, the conical surface contact surface of a knife handle basic handle is larger, the conical surface support length is longer, the rigidity of the main shaft is better, the rotating speed of the main shaft can be increased, the repeated cutting can be realized, and the machining efficiency can be effectively improved;

secondly, this type main shaft broach mechanism adopts self-locking reinforcement type draw claw, draw the claw including drawing the claw tieing, draw the claw piece, the ring spring, set screw, when the broach state, draw the claw piece and be in the tight state of self-locking wedge, belleville spring elastic deformation top pushes away and acts on the broach pole, draw the cutter pole and draw the claw tieing, draw the claw tieing and draw the claw piece, effort and reaction force, the effect acts on in proper order, draw the claw tieing to strain the pulling force that the claw piece moved to taut sword direction, be equivalent to a wedging effect, the same broach effort to the handle, but the belleville spring warp the spring pulling force that produces, reducible to produce several following advantages: 1; therefore, the broach can reduce the number of disc springs or the length of the springs by the broach jaw with the same broach force, so that the total length of the main shaft can be reduced, and the structure of the main shaft is more compact; 2; in addition, the oil pressure of the spindle cutter loosening oil cylinder can be reduced, the oil pressure of the cutter loosening oil cylinder can be reduced, the whole machine tool oil pressure system does not need to run at high pressure, the electric power energy of the machine tool is not wasted, and the loss is reduced; 3; the precision bearing of the main shaft is damaged less in the tool loosening process of the machine tool, the service life of the precision bearing of the main shaft is prolonged, and therefore the service life of the main shaft is prolonged: the spindle unclamping process is that the pressure of an oil hydraulic cylinder acts on a cutter pulling rod to compress a disc spring, the disc spring deforms, and the cutter pulling rod acts on a pulling claw to move towards the cutter unclamping direction to complete the cutter unclamping action. The deformation of a compression disc spring, the pivot point of the reaction of the disc spring is a disc spring front gasket, the interaction force and the reaction force are sequentially transmitted to a pull claw outer diameter sleeve, the axial positioning step of an inner hole of a spindle shaft core, the spindle shaft core, an angular contact bearing inner ring for supporting the rotating shaft center of a spindle, a precision bearing steel ball, a bearing outer ring and a spindle mounting casting mounting hole are supported, the action force and the reaction force can act on the precision ball steel ball between the precision bearings, the larger the action force of an actual cutter loosening oil cylinder is, the larger the damage to the spindle bearing is, the smaller the action force is, the longer the service life of the bearing is facilitated and the longer the stability of the spindle is facilitated, the premise is that a floating cutter loosening mechanism is not additionally arranged on a spindle (when the floating cutter loosening mechanism is a spindle cutter loosening mechanism, after a piston of the cutter loosening oil cylinder moves a small section, the tool loosening method is characterized in that no reaction force acts on a main shaft bearing), the structure of the main shaft is complicated due to the addition of the floating tool beating mechanism, and the high-end machine tool main shaft is interfered to be integrated with an electric main shaft, a tool beating cylinder and a rotary connector, so that high-pressure cutting water is introduced into the tool beating cylinder and the rotary connector; 4, when the main shaft broaching tool acts, the deformation of a disc spring of the broaching tool mechanism is smaller than that of a common broaching claw, so that the service life of the broaching tool mechanism (small disc spring deformation) is prolonged; 5, the tool pulling force of the main shaft tool pulling mechanism is small, the tool loosening action of the tool loosening oil cylinder is rapid, the tool loosening stroke is short, the tool shank can be instantly switched from a tool pulling self-locking stable state to a tool loosening state, the tool can be quickly changed, the processing auxiliary time is saved, the processing efficiency of a machine tool is improved, and experimental verification is carried out;

when the spindle cuts at a high speed, the high-pressure water spray can be guided into the center of the tool holder from the rear end of the broach rod by the rotary connector, and then the high-pressure water spray is sprayed out of the cutting edge of the tool, so that the novel high-speed cutting technology is realized, and the high-pressure water spray operation principle of the center of the high-speed cutting tool is realized: the cutting tool cuts a workpiece at a high speed to generate high-temperature water vapor, the water vapor on the surface of the workpiece can isolate the attachment of cutting fluid, so that the effect of cooling the workpiece or the cutting tool is less than 20 percent, the cutting fluid can directly contact the workpiece and the cutting tool only by pressurizing the cutting fluid to more than 1000PSI (70BAR), the most efficient cooling effect is achieved, and when the cutting tool is not easy to overheat, the linear velocity and the feed rate can be greatly improved; the main high-pressure water spray at the center of the main shaft has the consequence that no scrap iron is wound and the scrap is directly broken and discharged; take away the friction high temperature heat when cutting, extension cutter life, direct advantage: 1, directly and greatly improving the machining efficiency by 50 percent, 2, greatly improving the service life of the cutter and saving the production cost; 3, reducing the cutter mark and obtaining good processing surface quality.

According to the spindle broach mechanism, the development and application of high-speed spindles of domestic high-end numerical control machines are effectively improved in an auxiliary mode, the machining efficiency and the surface machining precision of the machine tool are greatly improved, and the energy cost is saved.

As an improvement, the rear cover of the main shaft broach mechanism part is in threaded connection with the rear inner hole of the rotating shaft center of the main shaft, and the backward movement amount of the broach rod after the broach is tightened can be controlled; the screw hole on the rear end cover of the main shaft is used for installing a fastening bolt and is propped against the rear end face of the rotating shaft core, the rear cover of the main shaft is locked and does not move, and the fastening bolt hole is arranged on the rear cover of the rear main shaft, so that the balance matching purpose of the main shaft when the fastening bolt is added or subtracted for performing a dynamic balance experiment can be realized.

As an improvement, the novel self-locking boosting type pull claw is provided with two contact surfaces based on a wedge self-locking boosting principle: firstly, a small wedge angle self-locking conical surface is arranged at the matching part of the pull claw bolt and the pull claw sheet; a contact conical surface with a wedge angle larger than 35 degrees is arranged between the claw piece of the pull claw and the step of the inner hole of the outer diameter sleeve of the pull claw;

as an improvement, a high-pressure water-through and air-vent one-way channel is designed in the center of the broach mechanism, O-shaped ring seals are arranged between the hilt and the hilt blind rivet, between the hilt blind rivet and the water spray ejector rod, between the water spray ejector rod and the pull claw pull bolt, and between the broach rod and the pull claw pull bolt, and spring pushing is designed to ensure that the water spray ejector rod and the hilt blind rivet are in continuous sealing contact.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with a pull claw capable of self-locking and boosting.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a main shaft rear end cover of a novel high-speed main shaft broach mechanism with a pull claw capable of self-locking and boosting.

FIG. 3 is a structural view of a novel pull claw capable of self-locking and force increasing

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a BBT cutter system

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a water injection mechanism of a novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with a pull claw capable of self-locking and boosting.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of the sealing distribution positions of O-shaped rings of a central channel of a novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with a pull claw capable of self-locking and boosting.

FIG. 7 is a pressure F distribution diagram of a loose tool bearing sleeve of a novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with a self-locking and force-increasing pull claw under the pressure of an oil pressure cylinder.

FIG. 8 is a drawing view showing the state of the broach of the new high-speed spindle broach mechanism with self-locking and force-increasing jaws.

FIG. 9 is a state diagram of the tool releasing process 1 of the novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with the self-locking and force-increasing pulling claws.

FIG. 10 is a state diagram of the tool releasing process 2 of the novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with the self-locking and force-increasing pulling claws.

FIG. 11 is a drawing-claw release state diagram of a novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with self-locking and force-increasing pulling claws

As shown in fig. 1: 1. the device comprises a main shaft rotating axis, 2, a BBT (BBT) tool handle, 3, a tool handle rivet, 4, a claw outer diameter sleeve, 5, a claw piece, 6, a water spraying ejector rod, 7, a one-way valve, 8, a pushing spring, 9, a disc spring front cushion sleeve, 10, a broach rod, 11, a disc spring group, 12, a disc spring middle spacing ring, 13, a main shaft rear end cover, 14, a cutter loosening pressure bearing sleeve, 15 and a claw pulling bolt (which is in a claw structure with the claw piece).

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

When the utility model is implemented, the conical surfaces and the end surfaces of the main shaft and the cutter are bound on two sides, and the clearance between the end surfaces is bound to zero almost impossible, so that the BBT system achieves the purpose of two-side constraint by using an elastic deformation mode, as shown in figure 4, the main shaft and the cutter only have conical surface contact before tensioning the cutter, and a certain clearance is left between the main shaft and the end surface of the cutter; when the tool is tightened, the tool shank is pulled axially by the tension claw, the inner hole of the main shaft is stressed and expanded to generate elastic deformation, so that the gap between the end surfaces of the main shaft and the tool is eliminated and the two surfaces of the tool are attached to each other, the relation between the elastic deformation of the inner hole of the main shaft and the axial displacement of the tool is very tight, and therefore the axial displacement of the tool is very important to control, and the rear end cover of the main shaft broaching mechanism part controls the backward displacement of the tool after the tool is tightened by the broaching rod as shown in fig. 2; the rear end cover of the main shaft is provided with a screw hole for mounting a fastening bolt, and the screw hole is propped against the rear end face of the rotating shaft core to lock the rear cover of the main shaft against displacement, and has the balance matching purpose when the main shaft is used for a dynamic balance experiment;

BBT cutter is for guaranteeing handle of a knife contact stability, and handle of a knife and main shaft taper hole must guarantee cleanly, and at the tool changing process, this broach mechanism has designed from the jet-propelled clean taper hole in main shaft center: as shown in fig. 5, a rotary coupler is installed at the rear end hole of the main shaft broach rod in a threaded connection mode, an external high-pressure air source blows out through the rotary coupler, a broach rod center hole, a one-way valve and a blowing ejector rod, and the tool changing process is continuously cleaned by blowing air;

spraying water and air at the center of the main shaft: as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the air source channel is also a high-pressure water spray source channel, and shares a central channel of the main shaft broach mechanism (a rotary connector, a through hole to the center of the broach rod, a check valve, a water spray ejector rod, the water spray ejector rod to a taper hole in the center of the handle rivet during water spray, a pushing spring keeps the water spray ejector rod in contact with the handle rivet and is sprayed out from the center of the cutting edge), high-pressure water is sprayed at the center of the main shaft during cutting, air is blown from the center of the main shaft during tool change, the air is guided in from the rotary connector installed at the rear end of the broach rod, high-pressure filtering cutting water or air source is provided outside the machine tool, switching is controlled by an external electromagnetic valve, and the water source and the air source both have to pass through the check valve and do not flow backwards before entering a shared pipeline;

the utility model discloses a theory of operation: this novel broach mechanism is during pine sword: FIG. 7, the spindle unclamping cylinder piston moves forward to contact the unclamping bearing ring at the rear end of the spindle; fig. 8 to fig. 11 show a novel claw and tool releasing process from top to bottom, in which a tool releasing oil cylinder of a machine tool spindle compresses a tool releasing bearing sleeve and moves towards the front end of the spindle; the bearing sleeve pushes the rear big end of the broach rod to compress the disc spring group, the broach rod pushes the pull bolt part of the pull claw to move towards the direction of the hilt, in the process from fig. 8 to fig. 9, the pull bolt of the pull claw moves forwards relative to the pull claw sheet to release the wedging state, and the pull claw sheet still pulls the hilt, when the picture is 9, the step of the large diameter of the pull bolt of the pull claw starts to push the pull claw sheet to move forwards, the rear part of the pull claw sheet starts to be folded radially towards the center to be acted by the annular spring, and is guided along the conical surface of the pull claw outer diameter sleeve, and when the picture is 10, the rear part of the pull claw sheet starts to be folded and retracted into the small diameter part of the pull claw outer diameter sleeve hole; when the picture 11 shows, the front part of the claw blade is already opened, the front end of the claw pulling bolt pushes the knife handle to pull the nail, and the knife loosening process is completed.

The process of drawing and tightening the cutter by the drawing claw is that the drawing claw is in an open state, namely a cutter loosening oil cylinder always presses a cutter loosening pressure-bearing sleeve at the rear end of a cutter pulling rod to compress a disc spring, the cutter handle is automatically subjected to cutter changing in a machining center, the cutter handle is plugged into a main shaft hole by a mechanical hand, after a signal is sensed in place, a main shaft cutter loosening oil cylinder electromagnetic valve is reversed, a cutter loosening oil cylinder retreats, the rear end of the main shaft retreats after the cutter pulling rod is pushed in the deformation recovery process of the disc spring, the drawing rod is connected with a drawing claw pulling bolt to move towards the rear end of the main shaft, the process is reversed to the cutter loosening process, from the state in a figure 11 to the state in a figure 8, a drawing claw piece is squeezed into a large hole diameter sleeve of the outer diameter sleeve of the drawing claw by a conical surface matched with the pulling bolt, the process in a figure 9 to figure 8, the drawing claw is connected with the cutter handle to enter a wedge self-locking state, a cutter loosening oil cylinder piston continuously retreats, the cutter loosening oil cylinder bearing sleeve at the rear end of the drawing cutter rod is separated, and the cutter pulling locking process is completed; the whole tool is loosened, the spindle keeps an air blowing state in the tool drawing process, and the taper shank and the spindle taper hole of the tool handle are cleaned.

This novel main shaft broach mechanism, to designing at high-speed and efficient heavy cutting of high-end digit control machine tool main shaft, adopt BBT main shaft two sides positioning system (the conical surface of handle of a knife and the preceding terminal surface of taper hole and the main shaft of flange face contact main shaft axle core simultaneously), and combine the stability of the broach of novel gripper auto-lock reinforcement, the new processing technology of cutting water is spouted to the high pressure, make the main shaft rigidity good, be fit for the handle of a knife and hang long processing, like large-scale mould, the box, and a housing, heavy cutting is more parts machining, and it is longer to need the handle of a knife to hang long, can guarantee high efficiency and stability.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of the invention, "plurality" means two or more unless explicitly specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, fixed connections, detachable connections, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

In the present disclosure, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may comprise direct contact between the first and second features, or may comprise contact between the first and second features not directly. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.

In the description herein, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and the principle of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a draw novel high-speed main shaft broach mechanism of claw ability auto-lock reinforcement, includes main shaft rotation axis (1), its characterized in that: the spindle is characterized in that a BBT (BBT) shank (2) is assembled in a front taper hole of a spindle rotating axis (1), a central through hole is formed in the shank (2), a shank blind rivet (3) is installed at the small end of the shank taper shank, the central through hole of the shank blind rivet (3) is provided with a taper hole and an oil seal groove at the end part, a water spraying ejector rod (6) is in sealing contact with the taper hole at the end part of the shank blind rivet (3), the water spraying ejector rod (6) penetrates out of a central hole of a draw claw pull bolt (15), a self-locking draw claw sheet (5) is arranged at the small-diameter shaft end of the draw claw pull bolt (15) and the outer side of the shank blind rivet (3), a draw claw outer diameter sleeve (4) is arranged at the outer side of the self-locking draw claw sheet (5), the draw claw outer diameter sleeve is lined between the draw claw outer diameter and the spindle rotating axis inner hole, the step of the rotating axis is axially positioned at the inner diameter of the rotating axis, a check valve (7) is installed at the end part of the water spraying ejector rod (6) and the draw claw pull bolt (15) central hole, install on check valve (7) tip and push away spring (8), the tip of drawing claw external diameter cover (4) is installed dish spring front cushion cover (9), draws claw external diameter cover and dish spring front cushion and has locating pin location hookup between the cover, it has broach pole (10) to draw claw bolt (15) screw thread hookup, broach pole (10) from central hole cluster dish spring front cushion cover (9) in proper order, two sets of dish spring group (11), interval ring (12) in the dish spring group, broach pole (10) are installed and are spacing through lid (13) behind the main shaft in main shaft rotation axle center (1) hole, screw thread hookup between lid and the main shaft axle core behind the main shaft, broach pole (10) expose one of main shaft rotation axle center (1) and serve and install pine cutter and hold pressure cover (14).

2. The novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with self-locking and force increasing functions of a pull claw according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spindle broach mechanism component has the advantages that the spindle rear cover is in threaded connection with the spindle rotating axis rear inner hole, and the backward movement amount of the broach rod after the broach is tightened can be controlled; the screw hole on the rear end cover of the main shaft is used for installing a fastening bolt and is propped against the rear end face of the rotating shaft core, the rear cover of the main shaft is locked and does not move, and the fastening bolt hole is arranged on the rear cover of the rear main shaft, so that the balance matching purpose of the main shaft when the fastening bolt is added or subtracted for performing a dynamic balance experiment can be realized.

3. The novel high-speed spindle broach mechanism with self-locking and force increasing functions of a pull claw according to claim 1, characterized in that: the novel self-locking boosting type pull claw is provided with two contact surfaces based on the principle of wedge self-locking boosting: firstly, a small wedge angle self-locking conical surface is arranged at the matching part of the pull claw bolt (15) and the pull claw sheet (5); and a contact conical surface with a wedge angle larger than 35 degrees is arranged between the claw sheet of the pull claw and the step of the inner hole of the outer diameter sleeve of the pull claw.