CN213877230U - High critical temperature superconductor experimental apparatus - Google Patents
High critical temperature superconductor experimental apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN213877230U CN213877230U CN202023317374.6U CN202023317374U CN213877230U CN 213877230 U CN213877230 U CN 213877230U CN 202023317374 U CN202023317374 U CN 202023317374U CN 213877230 U CN213877230 U CN 213877230U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a high critical temperature superconductor experimental device, which comprises a vacuum flask, an L-shaped tubular upright rod, a traction device, a locking screw, a red copper cylinder, a cable and a test instrument; wherein, a platinum resistance temperature sensor, a superconducting sample and a temperature equalizing block are arranged in the red copper cylinder; liquid nitrogen is filled in the vacuum thermos bottle; the cable is composed of a plurality of core wires; the traction device comprises a traction ring, a steel wire rope and a pulley. The utility model can control the cooling rate of the superconducting sample and measure the physical changes such as the transition temperature curve of the superconducting material at will; a steel wire rope traction mechanism is adopted to control the red copper cylinder filled with the superconducting sample temperature equalizing block to ascend or descend in the vacuum flask, the degree of nitrogen entering the immersion liquid is changed, and the temperature reduction rate of the superconducting sample is adjusted; and a non-deliquescent superconducting wire is adopted, so that the service life of the sample is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to teaching experiment device field especially relates to a high critical temperature superconductor experimental apparatus.
Background
The low-temperature experiment needs to measure the basic characteristics such as the transition temperature of the high-critical-temperature superconducting material, the experiment needs to be carried out in an experimental device which can keep the low temperature of liquid nitrogen 77K (-196 ℃), the cooling rate of the superconducting material can be randomly controlled by the experimental device, and the superconducting material cannot be cooled too fast or too slow (the gasification loss of the liquid nitrogen is large) so as to conveniently measure the physical change data such as the transition temperature curve of the superconducting material and enable students to observe the physical phenomenon that the high-temperature superconductor suddenly and rapidly generates zero resistance at a certain temperature (Tc) higher than the temperature (77K) of the liquid nitrogen.
Because the high-temperature oxide superconducting material is a crisp ceramic material, the surface of the high-temperature oxide superconducting material can condense moisture in the atmosphere under the influence of low temperature, so that the high-temperature oxide superconducting material is affected by damp and damaged. The resistance of the superconducting sample is small, and a four-terminal method is often adopted to eliminate the influence of a measuring lead on the measurement. The four electrodes are usually made of indium materials by grinding and pressing on a superconducting sample, and the electrodes are unreliable in connection with the thin lead and are easy to fall off.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the utility model is to provide a high critical temperature superconductor experimental apparatus to prior art not enough. The utility model is used for the experiment of colleges and universities' physics teaching, physical changes such as superconductive sample cooling rate, measurement superconducting material transition temperature curve can be controlled at will.
The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme: a high critical temperature superconductor experimental device comprises a vacuum flask, an L-shaped tubular upright rod, a traction device, a red copper cylinder and a cable; wherein, a platinum resistance temperature sensor, a superconducting sample and a temperature equalizing block are arranged in the red copper cylinder; liquid nitrogen is filled in the vacuum thermos bottle; the cable consists of six core wires; the traction device comprises a traction ring, a locking screw, a steel wire rope and a pulley; the traction ring is sleeved on the L-shaped tubular vertical rod and is provided with a locking screw; one end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected with the red copper cylinder, and the other end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected with the traction ring; the steel wire rope is wound on a pulley, and the pulley is arranged on the L-shaped tubular vertical rod; an insulating tape is wound outside the superconducting sample and wound on the temperature equalizing block, and the temperature equalizing block is provided with a platinum resistance temperature sensor; two leads are welded at two ends of the superconducting sample respectively; one end of a core wire in the cable penetrates through the middle of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod and then penetrates out of the bottom of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod, and the other end of the core wire is respectively connected with a lead at two ends of the superconducting sample and a platinum resistor temperature sensor.
Further, the device also comprises a platform; the L-shaped tubular upright post is fixed on the platform, and the vacuum flask is placed on the platform.
Further, the device also comprises a transparent upper cover; the transparent upper cover is provided with a through hole; the steel wire rope penetrates through the through hole of the transparent upper cover to be connected with the red copper cylinder; the cable passes through the through hole of the transparent upper cover and enters the red copper cylinder.
Further, the transparent upper cover is made of organic glass.
Further, the L-shaped tubular vertical rod is a steel pipe.
Further, the superconducting sample is a superconducting wire.
Further, the temperature equalizing block is cylindrical.
Further, the device also comprises a test instrument; six heart yearns in the cable are connected with the test instrument after passing through from the L-shaped tubular pole setting bottom.
Further, the test instrument comprises a direct current constant current power supply and a direct current microvolt; the direct current constant current power supply is respectively connected with the outer sides of the two ends of the superconducting sample through two leads, and the direct current microvolt is also respectively connected with the inner sides of the two ends of the superconducting sample through two leads.
Further, the cable is wound into a spiral spring shape along the steel wire rope above the red copper cylinder.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1. the steel wire rope traction device enables an experimenter to control the cooling rate of the superconducting material at will, and the speed can be fast or slow or a certain cooling rate can be kept;
2. the superconducting wire sample is adopted, so that deliquescence is avoided;
3. the ordinary metal vacuum thermos bottle is adopted, the cost is low, the heat preservation effect is good, and the experiment can be completed by a small amount of liquid nitrogen.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural view of the red copper cylinder of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the testing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of measured transition temperatures according to the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a platform 1, a vacuum flask 2, an L-shaped tubular upright rod 3, a traction ring 4, a locking screw 5, a steel wire rope 6, a pulley 7, a transparent upper cover 8, a red copper cylinder 9, a platinum resistance temperature sensor 10, a superconducting sample 11, a temperature equalizing block 12, a thin cable 13 and a testing instrument 14.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and embodiments:
as shown in figure 1, the utility model relates to a high critical temperature superconductor experimental apparatus, which comprises a platform 1, a vacuum flask 2, an L-shaped tubular vertical rod 3, a steel wire rope traction device, a transparent upper cover 8, a red copper cylinder 9, a thin cable 13 and a test instrument 14. The steel wire rope traction device comprises a traction ring 4, a steel wire rope 6 and two pulleys 7; as shown in fig. 2, a platinum resistance temperature sensor 10, a superconducting sample 11 and a temperature equalizing block 12 are arranged in the red copper cylinder 9; the L-shaped tubular upright stanchion 3 comprises a cross rod and a vertical rod; a locking screw 5 is arranged on the traction ring 4; liquid nitrogen (about 1/2 of the container) is filled in the vacuum flask 2; the transparent upper cover 8 is made of organic glass and is provided with a through hole; the superconducting sample 11 is a superconducting wire wrapped with a metal film, does not deliquesce, and two leads are welded at two ends of the superconducting sample respectively; the temperature equalizing block 12 is cylindrical; the test instrument 14 comprises a direct current constant current power supply and a digital direct current microvolt; the L-shaped tubular upright stanchion 3 is a steel pipe; the thin cable 13 is composed of six core wires.
The vertical rod of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod 3 is fixed on the platform 1, and a steel wire rope traction device is arranged on the L-shaped tubular vertical rod 3; the right end and the corner of the cross rod of the L-shaped tubular upright rod 3 are respectively provided with a pulley 7 for guiding a steel wire rope 6; a steel wire rope 6 is wound on the two pulleys 7, one end of the steel wire rope penetrates through a through hole of the transparent upper cover 8 to be fixedly connected with the red copper cylinder 9, and the other end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected with the traction ring 4; the traction ring 4 is sleeved on the vertical rod of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod 3.
The vacuum flask 2 is placed on the platform 1. The traction ring 4 can move up and down, so that the red copper cylinder 9 hung at the other end of the steel wire rope 6 can lift in the vacuum flask 2, and the position of the traction ring 4 on the vertical rod of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod 3 can be locked by screwing the locking screw 5, namely the position of the red copper cylinder 9 in the vacuum flask 2 away from liquid nitrogen is controlled, and the cooling rate of the red copper cylinder 9 is adjusted. Along with the gasification of the liquid nitrogen, the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen descends, as long as the locking screw 5 is unscrewed, the traction ring 4 is moved upwards, the red copper cylinder 9 descends, and the cooling rate can be increased. The transparent upper cover 8 can be used for observing the residual liquid nitrogen in the vacuum flask 2 and the position of the red copper cylinder 9, discharging nitrogen generated by the gasification of the liquid nitrogen and reducing the gasification consumption of the liquid nitrogen.
The insulating tape is wound outside the superconducting sample 11, and the superconducting sample 11 is wound on the temperature equalizing block 12 to increase the length of the superconducting sample 11, so that the resistance of the superconducting sample 11 at room temperature is larger, and the resistance change is more obvious compared with the zero resistance of the superconducting sample 11 during superconduction. A platinum resistance temperature sensor 10 is mounted on the block 12 for measuring the temperature of the superconducting sample 11. The thin cable 13 is wound into a spiral spring shape with variable length along the steel wire rope 6 above the red copper cylinder 9, one end of the thin cable passes through the middle of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod 3 and then penetrates out of the bottom of the vertical rod of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod 3 to be connected with a testing instrument 14, and the other end of the thin cable passes through the through hole of the transparent upper cover 8 to be connected with a lead wire on the superconducting sample 11 and the platinum resistance temperature sensor, wherein two core wires are used for supplying power to the platinum resistance temperature sensor; the utility model discloses a 11 resistance values of superconductive sample are surveyed to four-terminal method, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, direct current constant current power supply connects the 11 both ends outsides of superconductive sample respectively through two leads and provides invariable electric current, and the inboard detection voltage value in 11 both ends of superconductive sample is also connected respectively through two leads to digital direct current microvolt, and the ratio of voltage measurement value and constant current is 11 resistance values of superconductive sample. The physical properties such as the transition temperature curve of the superconducting sample 11 are obtained according to the relationship between the temperature T measured by the platinum resistance temperature sensor 10 and the resistance R of the superconducting sample 11. The thin cable 13 and the lead of the superconducting sample 11 were welded by a butt-welding method.
The utility model discloses a working process specifically does: based on the temperature gradient existing in the space above the liquid level in the vacuum flask 2 for storing liquid nitrogen, the red copper cylinder 9 is gradually close to the liquid level by slowly adjusting the position of the traction ring 4 from bottom to top, so that the temperature of the superconducting sample 11 is controlled to be reduced from room temperature, and the purpose of controlling the cooling rate is achieved; when the temperature is close to the superconducting transition temperature, the transition temperature interval has narrow width and changes rapidly, so that the position of a point of the red copper cylinder 9 can be lifted to reduce the cooling rate; according to the temperature measured by the platinum resistance temperature sensor 10, the current value set by the direct current constant current power supply and the voltage value detected by the digital direct current micro-voltmeter, the transition temperature curve shown in fig. 4 is finally measured.
Finally, it is also noted that the above list is only one specific embodiment of the invention. Obviously, the present invention can be implemented in many variations, and all variations that can be derived or suggested directly from the disclosure of the present invention by those skilled in the art should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high critical temperature superconductor experimental device is characterized by comprising a vacuum flask, an L-shaped tubular upright rod, a traction device, a red copper cylinder and a cable; wherein, a platinum resistance temperature sensor, a superconducting sample and a temperature equalizing block are arranged in the red copper cylinder; liquid nitrogen is filled in the vacuum thermos bottle; the cable is composed of a plurality of core wires; the traction device comprises a traction ring, a locking screw, a steel wire rope and a pulley; the traction ring is sleeved on the L-shaped tubular vertical rod and is provided with a locking screw; one end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected with the red copper cylinder, and the other end of the steel wire rope is fixedly connected with the traction ring; the steel wire rope is wound on a pulley, and the pulley is arranged on the L-shaped tubular vertical rod; an insulating tape is wound outside the superconducting sample and wound on the temperature equalizing block, and the platinum resistance temperature sensor is arranged on the temperature equalizing block; two leads are welded at two ends of the superconducting sample respectively; one end of a core wire in the cable penetrates through the middle of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod and then penetrates out of the bottom of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod, and the other end of the core wire is connected with leads at two ends of the superconducting sample respectively.
2. The high critical temperature superconductor experimental device of claim 1, further comprising a platform; the L-shaped tubular upright post is fixed on the platform, and the vacuum flask is placed on the platform.
3. The high critical temperature superconductor experimental device of claim 1, further comprising a transparent upper cover; the transparent upper cover is provided with a through hole; the steel wire rope penetrates through the through hole of the transparent upper cover to be connected with the red copper cylinder; the cable passes through the through hole of the transparent upper cover and enters the red copper cylinder.
4. The superconducting experimental device of claim 3 wherein the transparent top cover is plexiglass.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the L-shaped tubular vertical rods are steel tubes.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the superconducting sample is a superconducting wire.
7. The high critical temperature superconductor experimental device of claim 1, wherein the block is cylindrical.
8. The high critical temperature superconductor experimental device of claim 1, further comprising a test instrument; the core wire in the cable is connected with a testing instrument after penetrating out of the bottom of the L-shaped tubular vertical rod.
9. The superconductor experimental apparatus of claim 8, wherein the test instrument comprises a dc constant current source and a dc microvolt; the direct current constant current power supply is respectively connected with the outer sides of the two ends of the superconducting sample through two leads, and the direct current microvolt is also respectively connected with the inner sides of the two ends of the superconducting sample through two leads.
10. The superconducting experimental device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cable is wound in a spiral spring shape along the steel wire rope above the red copper cylinder.
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| CN202023317374.6U CN213877230U (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | High critical temperature superconductor experimental apparatus |
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| CN202023317374.6U CN213877230U (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | High critical temperature superconductor experimental apparatus |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115978444A (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-04-18 | 北京中科富海低温科技有限公司 | Low-temperature transmission system |
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- 2020-12-31 CN CN202023317374.6U patent/CN213877230U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115978444A (en) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-04-18 | 北京中科富海低温科技有限公司 | Low-temperature transmission system |
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