CN213777798U - Heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating smoke and air heat exchange system - Google Patents
Heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating smoke and air heat exchange system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN213777798U CN213777798U CN202022761170.5U CN202022761170U CN213777798U CN 213777798 U CN213777798 U CN 213777798U CN 202022761170 U CN202022761170 U CN 202022761170U CN 213777798 U CN213777798 U CN 213777798U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- air
- flue gas
- preheating
- circulating water
- air preheater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Landscapes
- Air Supply (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the boiler flue gas heat transfer, especially, relate to a heat pipe formula overgrate air preheats and reheated cigarette wind heat transfer system, air heater's low temperature air inlet pass through the lateral conduit respectively with once preheat the system, the secondary preheats the low temperature air gas outlet of system and is connected, the secondary preheats the system and includes the secondary and preheats the fan, leading air heater, air heater's exhanst gas outlet and passes through the flue gas access connection of pipeline with circulating water media cigarette gas cooler, circulating water media cigarette gas cooler's circulating water export is passed through the pipeline and is connected with leading air heater's water inlet. This system utilizes the waste heat of the interior exhaust flue gas of air heater to carry out the secondary to low temperature air and preheats, realizes the abundant recycle of waste heat on the one hand, and on the other hand can realize improving air heater low temperature air inlet temperature condition to the abundant preheating of low temperature air, and then can alleviate the problem that ammonium bisulfate corrodes in the air heater among the prior art, stifled grey.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the boiler flue gas heat transfer, especially, relate to a heat pipe formula overgrate air preheats and reheat's cigarette wind heat transfer system.
Background
The exhaust flue gas temperature of power boiler is higher, contains a large amount of waste heat in the flue gas, for the realization to the utilization of flue gas waste heat, the power boiler among the prior art mostly can set up flue gas wind heat transfer system, and this system utilizes air heater to realize the make full use of to flue gas waste heat, and the theory of operation of flue gas wind heat transfer system among the prior art is: high-temperature flue gas and the external low temperature air that the boiler discharged flow through air heater in reverse turn, and the heat accumulation component in the air heater absorbs heat at high-temperature flue gas side, releases heat at low temperature air side to reach the preheating effect that reduces the temperature of boiler discharge flue gas, improves hot-blast temperature, in the hot-blast entering boiler after preheating, can play energy-conserving economize coal's effect, consequently, flue gas heat transfer system can realize the abundant recycle to the flue gas waste heat.
However, the smoke and wind heat exchange system in the prior art has the following problems: (1) in air heater, because the cold junction comprehensive temperature that external cryogenic air was located is lower, this just leads to in air heater, and the ammonium bisulfate in the flue gas takes place the deposit at the cold junction heat-transfer surface, causes the problem of ammonium bisulfate corruption and stifled ash in the air heater. (2) In the prior art, the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the air preheater is still high, and the flue gas still contains a large amount of waste heat, so that waste heat is wasted if the flue gas is directly discharged. (3) In the smoke and air heat exchange system in the prior art, most of low-temperature air exchanges heat with high-temperature smoke in the air preheater once, and the preheating effect on the air is limited.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
For solving the problem that exists among the above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a heat pipe formula overgrate air preheats and reheated cigarette wind heat transfer system, this system utilizes the waste heat of discharge flue gas in the air heater to carry out the secondary to the low temperature air and preheats, realizes the abundant recycle of waste heat on the one hand, and on the other hand can realize the abundant preheating to the low temperature air, realizes improving air heater low temperature air inlet temperature condition, and then can alleviate the problem that ammonium bisulfate corrodes in the air heater among the prior art, stifled grey.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system comprises an air preheater, wherein a low-temperature air inlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with low-temperature air outlets of a primary preheating system and a secondary preheating system through branch pipelines, an air outlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with a preheated air outlet of the primary preheating system and a preheated air outlet of the secondary preheating system through the branch pipelines, and a preheated air outlet of the primary preheating system is connected with a low-temperature air inlet of the secondary preheating system through a pipeline; the secondary preheating system comprises a secondary preheating fan, an air outlet of the secondary preheating fan is connected with a low-temperature air inlet of the front air preheater through a pipeline, and a low-temperature air outlet of the front air preheater is connected with an air inlet of the air preheater through a branch pipeline; the flue gas outlet of the air preheater is connected with the flue gas inlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler through a pipeline, and the circulating water outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler is connected with the water inlet of the pre-air preheater through a pipeline.
The utility model discloses a set up system, secondary preheating system once, realize the secondary heating to the low temperature air: (1) firstly, under the action of a primary preheating fan, external low-temperature air enters an air preheater, exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas to realize primary preheating, and then is discharged to a preheated air outlet of a primary preheating system from an air outlet of the air preheater. (2) The air after the primary preheating enters the secondary preheating system under the action of the secondary preheating fan, the air exchanges heat with circulating water discharged by the circulating water medium flue gas cooler in the front-mounted air preheater, so that secondary preheating is realized, the air after the secondary preheating enters the air preheater, exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas to realize secondary preheating, and then the air is discharged to a preheated air outlet of the secondary preheating system from an air outlet of the air preheater.
Through add the gas cooler in air heater's exhanst gas outlet department, the gas cooler adopts heat pipe formula gas-liquid forced circulation water medium heat exchanger, make the cooling water in the gas cooler carry out the heat transfer with air heater exhaust flue gas, thereby realize the waste heat recovery who discharges the flue gas in to air heater and utilize, in the circulating water reentrant leading air heater after preheating in the gas cooler, be used for preheating the external low temperature air that gets into in the air heater, in order to improve air heater boundary temperature condition that admits air, improve air heater cold junction comprehensive temperature, alleviate air heater's low temperature and glue stifled problem, thereby alleviate air heater's ammonium bisulfate corruption, stifled grey problem.
Preferably, the primary preheating system comprises a primary preheating fan, and a low-temperature air outlet of the primary preheating fan is connected with an air inlet of the air preheater through a branch pipeline.
Preferably, the pre-air preheater is provided with two: the system comprises a primary preposed air preheater and a secondary preposed air preheater, wherein the primary preposed air preheater and the secondary preposed air preheater are arranged in series. Through setting up two leading air heater, realize preheating fully to the air: the air discharged from the primary preheating system is preheated by the primary preposed air preheater to reach 41 ℃, then enters the secondary preposed air preheater to be heated again, and is heated from 41 ℃ to 60 ℃, so that the boundary condition that the low-temperature air inlet temperature of the air preheater is increased by 60 ℃ is realized, and the problem of low-temperature sticking and blocking of the air preheater is solved.
Preferably, the primary pre-air preheater is a circulating water medium heat pipe type heat exchanger, a water inlet of the primary pre-air preheater is connected with a circulating water outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler through a pipeline, and an air outlet of the primary pre-air preheater is connected with an air inlet of the secondary pre-air preheater through a pipeline.
Preferably, the secondary pre-air preheater is a steam fan heater.
Preferably, the flue gas outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler is sequentially connected with the economizer and the dust remover through pipelines, the economizer further realizes recycling of waste heat of the discharged flue gas, and the dust remover discharges the flue gas after removing dust, so that the circulating water medium flue gas cooler is more environment-friendly.
Preferably, telescopic steam soot blowers are arranged at the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler, and can be used for periodically cleaning ammonium bisulfate deposited in the flue gas cooler.
Preferably, a circulating water pump is arranged between a circulating water outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler and a water inlet of the air preheater, the flowing resistance of closed circulating water is overcome by the circulating water pump, and the system adopts normal-pressure circulation.
Preferably, two circulating water pumps are arranged, one is used and the other is standby, and normal operation of the system is further ensured.
Advantageous effects
The utility model discloses a heat pipe formula overgrate air preheats and reheated cigarette wind heat transfer system, this system utilize the waste heat of discharge flue gas in the air heater to carry out the secondary to the low temperature air and preheat, realize the abundant recycle of waste heat on the one hand, on the other hand can realize the abundant preheating to the low temperature air, realize improving air heater low temperature air inlet temperature condition, and then can alleviate the problem that ammonium bisulfate corrodes in the air heater among the prior art, stifled grey.
The utility model discloses a set up system, secondary preheating system once, realize the secondary heating to the low temperature air: (1) firstly, under the action of a primary preheating fan, external low-temperature air enters an air preheater, exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas to realize primary preheating, and then is discharged to a preheated air outlet of a primary preheating system from an air outlet of the air preheater. (2) The air after the primary preheating enters the secondary preheating system under the action of the secondary preheating fan, the air exchanges heat with circulating water discharged by the circulating water medium flue gas cooler in the front-mounted air preheater, so that secondary preheating is realized, the air after the secondary preheating enters the air preheater, exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas to realize secondary preheating, and then the air is discharged to a preheated air outlet of the secondary preheating system from an air outlet of the air preheater.
Through setting up two leading air heater, realize preheating fully to the air: the air discharged from the primary preheating system is preheated by the primary preposed air preheater to reach 41 ℃, then enters the secondary preposed air preheater to be heated again, and is heated from 41 ℃ to 60 ℃, so that the boundary condition that the low-temperature air inlet temperature of the air preheater is increased by 60 ℃ is realized, and the problem of low-temperature sticking and blocking of the air preheater is solved.
Heat transfer system, air heater deposit district moves down, ammonium bisulfate is at the deposit of newly-increased flue gas cooler heat transfer surface in partial flue gas, because it is the tubular heat transfer surface, the deposit is easily cleared up, moreover the utility model discloses a set up telescopic steam soot blower in flue gas cooler entrance department, can regularly clear up sedimentary ammonium bisulfate in the flue gas cooler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system in embodiment 1 of the present patent;
in the figure, 1: an air preheater; 2: a low temperature air inlet of the air preheater; 3: an air outlet of the air preheater; 4: a secondary preheating fan; 5: a flue gas outlet of the air preheater; 6: a circulating water medium flue gas cooler; 7: a circulating water outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler; 8: primary preheating fans; 9: a primary pre-air preheater; 10: a secondary pre-air preheater; 11: a coal economizer; 12: a dust remover; 13: a telescopic steam soot blower; 14: a water circulating pump; 15: a valve; 16: a preheated air outlet of the primary preheating system; 17: a preheated air outlet of the secondary preheating system; 18: the water inlet of the primary pre-air preheater.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Before the description is made, it should be understood that the terms used in the present specification and the appended claims should not be construed as limited to general and dictionary meanings, but interpreted based on the meanings and concepts corresponding to technical aspects of the present invention on the basis of the principle that the inventor is allowed to define terms appropriately for the best explanation. Accordingly, the description proposed herein is just a preferable example for the purpose of illustrations only, not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so it should be understood that other equivalents and modifications could be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The following examples are given by way of illustration of embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications within the scope of the invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system comprises an air preheater 1, wherein a low-temperature air inlet 2 of the air preheater is respectively connected with low-temperature air outlets of a primary preheating system and a secondary preheating system through branch pipes, an air outlet 3 of the air preheater is respectively connected with a preheated air outlet of the primary preheating system and a preheated air outlet of the secondary preheating system through branch pipes, and a preheated air outlet of the primary preheating system is connected with a low-temperature air inlet of the secondary preheating system through a pipe; the secondary preheating system comprises a secondary preheating fan 4, an air outlet of the secondary preheating fan is connected with a low-temperature air inlet of the front air preheater through a pipeline, and a low-temperature air outlet of the front air preheater is connected with an air inlet of the air preheater through a branch pipeline; the flue gas outlet 5 of the air preheater is connected with the flue gas inlet of a circulating water medium flue gas cooler 6 through a pipeline, and the circulating water outlet 7 of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler is connected with the water inlet of the pre-air preheater through a pipeline.
The utility model discloses a set up system, secondary preheating system once, realize the secondary heating to the low temperature air: (1) firstly, opening valves at a low-temperature air outlet and a preheated air outlet of a primary preheating system, closing valves at a low-temperature air outlet and a preheated air outlet of a secondary preheating system, allowing external low-temperature air to enter an air preheater under the action of a primary preheating fan, exchanging heat with high-temperature flue gas to realize primary preheating, and then discharging the air from the air outlet of the air preheater to the preheated air outlet of the primary preheating system. (2) The valve at the low-temperature air outlet of the primary preheating system is closed, the valve at the low-temperature air outlet of the secondary preheating system and the valve at the preheated air outlet are opened, the air after primary preheating enters the secondary preheating system under the action of a secondary preheating fan, the air exchanges heat with the circulating water discharged by the circulating water medium flue gas cooler in the front air preheater, secondary preheating is realized, the air after secondary preheating enters the air preheater, exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas to realize secondary preheating, and then the air is discharged to the preheated air outlet of the secondary preheating system from the air outlet of the air preheater.
Through add the gas cooler in air heater's exhanst gas outlet department, the gas cooler adopts heat pipe formula gas-liquid forced circulation water medium heat exchanger, make the cooling water in the gas cooler carry out the heat transfer with air heater exhaust flue gas, thereby realize the waste heat recovery who discharges the flue gas in to air heater and utilize, in the circulating water reentrant leading air heater after preheating in the gas cooler, be used for preheating the external low temperature air that gets into in the air heater, in order to improve air heater boundary temperature condition that admits air, improve air heater cold junction comprehensive temperature, alleviate air heater's low temperature and glue stifled problem, thereby alleviate air heater's ammonium bisulfate corruption, stifled grey problem.
The primary preheating system comprises a primary preheating fan 8, and a low-temperature air outlet of the primary preheating fan is connected with an air inlet of the air preheater through a branch pipeline.
The leading air heater is provided with two: the system comprises a primary preposed air preheater 9 and a secondary preposed air preheater 10 which are arranged in series. Through setting up two leading air heater, realize preheating fully to the air: the air discharged from the primary preheating system is preheated by the primary preposed air preheater to reach 41 ℃, then enters the secondary preposed air preheater to be heated again, and is heated from 41 ℃ to 60 ℃, so that the boundary condition that the low-temperature air inlet temperature of the air preheater is increased by 60 ℃ is realized, and the problem of low-temperature sticking and blocking of the air preheater is solved.
The primary prepositive air preheater is used for circulating water medium heat pipe type heat exchange, a water inlet of the primary prepositive air preheater is connected with a circulating water outlet of the circulating water medium smoke cooler through a pipeline, and a gas outlet of the primary prepositive air preheater is connected with a gas inlet of the secondary prepositive air preheater through a pipeline.
The second-stage prepositive air preheater is a steam fan heater.
The flue gas outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler is sequentially connected with the economizer 11 and the dust remover 12 through pipelines, the economizer further realizes recycling of waste heat of the discharged flue gas, and the dust remover discharges the flue gas after removing dust, so that the circulating water medium flue gas cooler is more environment-friendly.
And telescopic steam soot blowers 13 are arranged at the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler, so that ammonium bisulfate deposited in the flue gas cooler can be regularly cleaned.
A circulating water pump 14 is arranged between a circulating water outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler and a water inlet of the air preheater, the flowing resistance of closed circulating water is overcome by the circulating water pump, and the system adopts normal-pressure circulation.
The circulating water pump is provided with two sets, one set is used and the other set is prepared, and normal operation of the system is ensured.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or that equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is claimed.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a heat pipe formula overgrate air preheats and reheat cigarette wind heat transfer system, includes air heater, its characterized in that: the low-temperature air inlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with the low-temperature air outlets of the primary preheating system and the secondary preheating system through branch pipelines, the air outlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with the preheated air outlets of the primary preheating system and the secondary preheating system through branch pipelines, and the preheated air outlet of the primary preheating system is connected with the low-temperature air inlet of the secondary preheating system through a pipeline; the secondary preheating system comprises a secondary preheating fan, an air outlet of the secondary preheating fan is connected with a low-temperature air inlet of the front air preheater through a pipeline, and a low-temperature air outlet of the front air preheater is connected with an air inlet of the air preheater through a branch pipeline; the flue gas outlet of the air preheater is connected with the flue gas inlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler through a pipeline, and the circulating water outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler is connected with the water inlet of the pre-air preheater through a pipeline.
2. The heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system according to claim 1, wherein: the primary preheating system comprises a primary preheating fan, and a low-temperature air outlet of the primary preheating fan is connected with an air inlet of the air preheater through a branch pipeline.
3. The heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system according to claim 1, wherein: the leading air heater is provided with two: the system comprises a primary preposed air preheater and a secondary preposed air preheater, wherein the primary preposed air preheater and the secondary preposed air preheater are arranged in series.
4. The heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system according to claim 3, wherein: the primary prepositive air preheater is used for circulating water medium heat pipe type heat exchange, a water inlet of the primary prepositive air preheater is connected with a circulating water outlet of the circulating water medium smoke cooler through a pipeline, and a gas outlet of the primary prepositive air preheater is connected with a gas inlet of the secondary prepositive air preheater through a pipeline.
5. The heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system according to claim 3, wherein: the second-stage prepositive air preheater is a steam fan heater.
6. The heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system according to claim 1, wherein: and a flue gas outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler is sequentially connected with the coal economizer and the dust remover through pipelines.
7. The heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system according to claim 1, wherein: and telescopic steam soot blowers are arranged at the smoke inlet and the smoke outlet of the circulating water medium smoke cooler.
8. The heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system according to claim 1, wherein: and a circulating water pump is arranged between a circulating water outlet of the circulating water medium flue gas cooler and a water inlet of the air preheater.
9. The heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating flue gas-air heat exchange system according to claim 8, wherein: the circulating water pump is provided with two sets, one set is used and the other set is prepared.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022761170.5U CN213777798U (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating smoke and air heat exchange system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022761170.5U CN213777798U (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating smoke and air heat exchange system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN213777798U true CN213777798U (en) | 2021-07-23 |
Family
ID=76891418
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202022761170.5U Active CN213777798U (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating smoke and air heat exchange system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN213777798U (en) |
-
2020
- 2020-11-25 CN CN202022761170.5U patent/CN213777798U/en active Active
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106090880A (en) | A kind of machine stove set heat circulation afterheat recycling system | |
| CN105180146B (en) | A kind of cogeneration power plant fume afterheat is multistage to reclaim utilization system | |
| CN202482387U (en) | Flue gas waste heat recovery system for annealing furnace | |
| CN107687634A (en) | The denitration of boiler full load couples fume afterheat gradient utilization system | |
| CN207422196U (en) | A kind of CFB units combine afterheat utilizing system | |
| CN109855109A (en) | A kind of the depth recyclable device and its method of heat of smoke discharged from boiler of power station | |
| CN102401393B (en) | Exhaust waste heat recycling system of power plant boiler | |
| CN111981465A (en) | Flue gas waste heat utilization system | |
| CN206989172U (en) | The denitration of boiler full load couples fume afterheat gradient utilization system | |
| CN104990063B (en) | Hot primary air waste heat utilization device coupled with air heater system in use | |
| CN208687705U (en) | A kind of system that excision low pressure (LP) cylinder is coupled into automotive row with low-pressure coal saver | |
| CN104930496A (en) | Combined air supply heating depth waste heat recycling system of low-low-temperature economizer of coal-fired unit | |
| CN213777798U (en) | Heat pipe type secondary air preheating and reheating smoke and air heat exchange system | |
| CN201496994U (en) | Boiler hot water steam air heater | |
| CN106439878A (en) | Flue gas waste heat utilizing system of condensed water heating boiler for air supply | |
| CN113739190B (en) | Anti-blocking system of rotary air preheater | |
| CN202660525U (en) | Composite phase-change heat exchange system | |
| CN204962712U (en) | System is used multipurposely in multistage recovery of cogeneration of heat and power power plant flue gas waste heat | |
| CN205783017U (en) | A kind of smoke waste heat utilization system condensing the air-supply of water heating boiler | |
| CN107345656A (en) | A kind of steam raising plant using residual heat from boiler fume | |
| CN213777799U (en) | Light pipe type heat pipe air preheater | |
| CN108085908B (en) | Dyeing machine heat recovery device | |
| CN205782834U (en) | A kind of residual heat from boiler fume utilizes combining heating system | |
| CN112097287A (en) | Boiler energy-saving and flue gas whitening system, process and application | |
| CN204901731U (en) | Low low -level (stack -gas) economizer of coal -fired unit heating depth waste heat recovery system that jointly supplys air |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |