CN213425190U

CN213425190U - Antenna and positioning device

Info

Publication number: CN213425190U
Application number: CN202022220704.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱伟华
Original assignee: Alibaba China Co Ltd
Current assignee: Alibaba China Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-30
Filing date: 2020-09-30
Publication date: 2021-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-30

Abstract

The present specification provides an antenna and a positioning apparatus. The antenna comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a circuit board, wherein the second dielectric plate is positioned between the first dielectric plate and the circuit board; the first dielectric slab is provided with two first feed points, and the second dielectric slab is provided with four second feed points and two connecting holes; the circuit board is provided with a pad, a first feed point on the first dielectric plate is welded with the pad corresponding to the circuit board through a connecting hole on the second dielectric plate, and a second feed point on the second dielectric plate is welded with the pad corresponding to the circuit board; the GNSS high-frequency signal is transmitted to the circuit board for processing through the first feed point, and the GNSS low-frequency signal is transmitted to the circuit board for processing through the second feed point.

Description

Antenna and positioning device

Technical Field

This description relates to an antenna and positioning device about location field.

Background

With the development of driving assistance and automatic driving technologies, the requirements of related fields for high-precision maps are more and more vigorous, and the existing high-precision map acquisition needs to depend on expensive equipment, so that the production and manufacturing of the high-precision maps are greatly limited. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, high-performance, miniaturized and high-precision map collecting device is urgently needed.

For high-precision map acquisition equipment, a Positioning module is an essential part, and the existing high-precision map acquisition equipment generally adopts a Positioning module supporting GNSS Positioning, such as a GPS (Global Positioning System) Positioning module. The inventor of the present invention has found that, when studying an existing GNSS positioning module (GNSS receiver), a GNSS receiving antenna of the existing GNSS positioning module is generally designed to have a large size to ensure performance and phase stability, but this makes it difficult to integrate into a miniaturized high-precision map acquisition device, and therefore, there is a need to invent a GNSS antenna that can be integrated into a miniaturized device and can maintain phase stability.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the present specification is to provide a miniaturized antenna and positioning apparatus.

According to a first aspect of embodiments herein, there is provided an antenna comprising: the circuit board comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a circuit board, wherein the second dielectric plate is positioned between the first dielectric plate and the circuit board;

the first dielectric slab is provided with two first feed points, and the second dielectric slab is provided with four second feed points and two connecting holes;

the circuit board is provided with a pad, a first feed point on the first dielectric plate is welded with the pad corresponding to the circuit board through a connecting hole on the second dielectric plate, and a second feed point on the second dielectric plate is welded with the pad corresponding to the circuit board;

the GNSS high-frequency signal is transmitted to the circuit board for processing through the first feed point, and the GNSS low-frequency signal is transmitted to the circuit board for processing through the second feed point.

Further, two of the first feedpoints are located within a polygon formed by four of the second feedpoints.

Further, the phase difference between the GNSS high-frequency signals respectively received by the two first feed points is 90 degrees.

Furthermore, the four second feed points are geometrically and symmetrically arranged relative to the central point of the second dielectric slab.

Further, the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are circular or quadrangular.

Further, the distance between the first feed points is smaller than the distance between the second feed points.

Furthermore, one of the pads is welded with one of the first feed points or one of the second feed points, and the position of the pad on the circuit board corresponds to the position of the first feed point welded with the pad on the first dielectric board and corresponds to the position of the second feed point welded with the pad on the second dielectric board.

Furthermore, the circuit board is provided with a signal conditioning circuit for processing the GNSS high-frequency signal and the GNSS low-frequency signal received by the first feed point and the second feed point.

Further, the signal conditioning circuit includes:

the first phase shifting combiner is connected with the two first feed points and is used for combining the two paths of GNSS high-frequency signals received by the two first feed points into one path of GNSS high-frequency signal;

the second phase-shifting combiner is connected with the two second feed points and is used for combining the two paths of GNSS low-frequency signals received by the two second feed points into one path of GNSS low-frequency signal;

the third phase-shifting combiner is connected with the two second phase-shifting combiners and is used for combining the GNSS low-frequency signals of the two second phase-shifting combiners into one path of GNSS low-frequency signal;

the fourth phase-shifting combiner is connected with the first phase-shifting combiner and the third phase-shifting combiner through the filtering amplification circuit;

the GNSS high-frequency signal output by the first phase-shifting combiner enters the fourth phase-shifting combiner through the filtering and amplifying circuit;

the GNSS low-frequency signal output by the third phase-shifting combiner enters the fourth phase-shifting combiner through the filtering and amplifying circuit;

and the fourth phase-shifting combiner combines the input GNSS signals into one path and outputs the path.

According to a second aspect of embodiments herein, there is provided a positioning apparatus comprising an antenna as described in any of the above embodiments.

According to the technical scheme, the first feed point for receiving the GNSS high-frequency signal is welded with the corresponding welding pad on the circuit board through the connecting hole of the second dielectric plate, the second feed point for receiving the GNSS low-frequency signal is connected with the corresponding welding pad of the circuit board, an antenna structure of '4 second feed points +2 first feed points' is formed, the first feed point and the second feed point can be combined to form the antenna with the double feed points without increasing the volume of the circuit board, single-frequency-band signal processing of the GNSS high-frequency signal or the GNSS low-frequency signal can be met, double-frequency-band signal processing of the GNSS high-frequency signal and the GNSS low-frequency signal can be met, miniaturized antenna design is achieved, the coverage rate of antenna satellite searching can be increased, and the stability of antenna phase center deviation can be improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 shows an exploded view of an antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of a signal conditioning circuit of an antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present specification. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the specification, as detailed in the appended claims.

The terminology used in the description herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the description. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, the first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present specification. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.

The present specification provides an antenna and a positioning apparatus. The antenna and the positioning apparatus of the present specification will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The features of the following examples and embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, which can be used for receiving a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning signal.

The antenna comprises a first dielectric plate 10, a second dielectric plate 20 and a circuit board 30, wherein the second dielectric plate 20 is located between the first dielectric plate 10 and the circuit board 30, specifically, the first dielectric plate 10 is arranged on the second dielectric plate 20, and the second dielectric plate 20 is arranged on the circuit board 30.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first dielectric board 10 and the second dielectric board 20 may be made of a low-loss and high-dielectric-constant dielectric material such as teflon, and the Circuit board 30 may be made of a standard FR4 dielectric board to form a pcb (printed Circuit board). The first feedpoint 40 and the second feedpoint 50 may be formed on the first dielectric plate 10 and the second dielectric plate 20 using solder such as solder paste.

Two first feed points 40 are arranged on the first dielectric plate 10, and four second feed points 50 and two connecting holes 21 are arranged on the second dielectric plate 20. The circuit board 30 is provided with a pad 31, the first feed point 40 on the first dielectric board 10 is welded with a corresponding pad on the circuit board 30 through the connecting hole 21 on the second dielectric board 20, and the second feed point 50 on the second dielectric board 20 is welded with a corresponding pad on the circuit board 30.

The first feed point 40 and the second feed point 50 are used for transmitting GNSS signals received by the antenna to a signal conditioning circuit, specifically, GNSS high-frequency signals are transmitted to the circuit board 30 through the first feed point 40 for processing, and GNSS low-frequency signals are transmitted to the circuit board 30 through the second feed point 50 for processing. It will be appreciated that the antenna of the present description may be used to receive GPS signals, the high frequency GNSS signals may be the L1 band of GPS signals, typically 1575MHZ, and the low frequency GNSS signals may be the L2 band of GPS signals, typically 1227MHZ, forming a dual frequency antenna. Accordingly, the antenna of the present disclosure may also be used to receive high frequency signals and low frequency signals of Beidou satellite signals or GLONASS satellite positioning signals.

The second dielectric plate 20 is provided with two connecting holes 21 corresponding to first feed points 40 on the first dielectric plate 10, the bonding pads include two first bonding pads 31a and four second bonding pads 31b, and the circuit board 30 is provided with two first bonding pads 31a corresponding to the two first feed points 40 on the first dielectric plate 10 and four second bonding pads 31b corresponding to the four second feed points 50 on the second dielectric plate 20. The two first feed points 40 arranged on the first dielectric plate 10 are welded with the first bonding pads 31a on the circuit board 30 through the connecting holes 21 at corresponding positions on the second dielectric plate 20. Four second feed points 50 disposed on the second dielectric plate 20 are soldered to the second pads 31b at corresponding positions on the circuit board 30.

It is understood that the connection hole 21, the first pad 31a and the second pad 31b may be through holes, and metal lines may be disposed in the hole walls for connecting and conducting the first feeding point 40 and the second feeding point 50 with the circuit board 30.

Silver layers can be engraved on the first dielectric plate 10 and the second dielectric plate 20 to serve as signal receiving patches (patch) of the antenna, the circuit board 30 comprises a signal conditioning circuit, the signal receiving patches lead out an antenna feeder line, the antenna feeder line is connected with a bonding pad on the circuit board 30, and the signal conditioning circuit is used for phase shifting, combining, filtering, amplifying and other functions of the GNSS signals.

According to the technical scheme, the first feed point 40 for receiving the GNSS high-frequency signal is welded with the corresponding pad on the circuit board through the connecting hole of the second dielectric plate, the second feed point for receiving the GNSS low-frequency signal is connected with the corresponding pad on the circuit board, an antenna structure of '4 second feed points +2 first feed points' is formed, the first feed point 40 and the second feed point 50 can be combined to form the double-feed-point antenna without increasing the volume of the circuit board 30, single-frequency-band signal processing of the GNSS high-frequency signal or the GNSS low-frequency signal can be met, double-frequency-band signal processing of the GNSS high-frequency signal and the GNSS low-frequency signal can be met, the miniaturized antenna design is achieved, the coverage rate of an antenna satellite can be increased, and the stability of phase center deviation of the antenna can be improved.

In an alternative embodiment, two of the first feedpoints 40 are located within a polygon formed with respect to four of the second feedpoints 50, the two first feedpoints 40 being located within the polygon. It will be appreciated that two of the first feedpoints 40 are located within a polygon formed by the end-to-end connections of four of the second feedpoints 50. Two first feed points 40 used for receiving GNSS high-frequency signals are arranged in a polygon formed by four second feed points 50, the first feed points 40 and the second feed points 50 can be combined to form a double-feed antenna without increasing the volume of the circuit board 30, the miniaturized antenna design is realized, the coverage rate of antenna searching satellites can be increased, and the stability of the phase center deviation of the antenna can be improved.

In an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the first feed point 40 is disposed on the first dielectric slab 10, and the second feed point 50 is disposed on the second dielectric slab 20. That is, the first dielectric sheet 10 is located at the upper layer, the second dielectric sheet 20 is located at the middle layer, and the circuit board 30 is located at the bottom layer. The second dielectric plate 20 is provided with two connecting holes 21 corresponding to the two first feed points 40. Because the number of the first feed points 40 is less than that of the second feed points 50, the first dielectric plate 10 is arranged on the upper layer, and compared with the case that the first dielectric plate 10 is arranged on the middle layer, the number of the connecting holes 21 formed in the second dielectric plate 20 can be reduced, so that the manufacturing process is simplified, the production and the processing are easy, and the cost is saved.

Alternatively, the area of the first dielectric plate 10 is smaller than that of the second dielectric plate 20, and the area of the second dielectric plate 20 is smaller than that of the circuit board 30. The spacing between the first feed points 40 is smaller than the spacing between the second feed points 50, so that two first feed points 40 are located within a polygon formed by four second feed points 50. Through the arrangement, the second feed points 50 are arranged on the periphery, the distance is set to be large, the two first feed points 40 can be arranged in a polygon formed by the four second feed points 50 without increasing the area of the circuit board, and therefore the four-feed design of the L2 frequency band and the double-feed design of the L1 frequency band are guaranteed to be achieved on the basis of not increasing the size of the antenna.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first dielectric slab 10 has a quadrilateral or circular structure, and a phase difference between GNSS high-frequency signals received by the two first feed points 40 is 90 degrees.

For example, in the present embodiment, the first dielectric sheet 10 may have a square structure. It is understood that the arrangement of the two first feed points 40 on the coordinate axes of the coordinate system established with the center of the first dielectric sheet 10 can improve the stability of the deviation of the antenna phase center.

Further, in order to form a right-hand circularly polarized antenna, a connecting line of the two first feed points 40 is obliquely arranged with a diagonal direction of the first dielectric slab 10, and the offset size of the connecting line of the two first feed points 40 with respect to a coordinate axis of a coordinate system established by the center of the first dielectric slab 10 may be selected by simulation and test according to the material of the first dielectric slab 10, where the inclination angle is less than 10 ° in this embodiment, so as to achieve a better antenna effect.

In the example shown in the figure, the second dielectric slab 20 has a quadrilateral or circular structure, and four second feed points 50 are arranged in geometric symmetry with respect to a center point of the second dielectric slab 20.

For example, the second dielectric plate 20 has a square structure, a geometric center point of the square is selected as a center point, and two adjacent second feed points 50 may be arranged on a coordinate axis of a coordinate system established by the center of the second dielectric plate 20, so that the stability of the phase center deviation of the antenna may be improved.

Further, in order to form a right-hand circularly polarized antenna, a connecting line of two adjacent second feed points 50 is arranged to be inclined with respect to a diagonal direction of the second dielectric plate 20, and an offset dimension of the connecting line of two adjacent second feed points 50 with respect to a coordinate axis of a coordinate system established by a center of the second dielectric plate 20 may be selected by simulation and test according to a material of the second dielectric plate 20, where the inclination angle is less than 10 ° in this embodiment, and a better antenna effect may be achieved.

In some optional embodiments, one of the first feedpoints 40 or one of the second feedpoints 50 is soldered to one of the pads, and the position of the pad on the circuit board 30 corresponds to the position of the first feedpoint 40 soldered thereto on the first dielectric board 10 and the position of the second feedpoint 50 soldered thereto on the second dielectric board 20. That is, the two first feed points 40 disposed on the first dielectric plate 10 are soldered to the corresponding first pads 31a on the circuit board 30 through the corresponding connection holes 21 on the second dielectric plate 20. Four second feed points 50 disposed on the second dielectric plate 20 are soldered to the second pads 31b at corresponding positions on the circuit board 30. The two first pads 31a are located in a polygon formed by connecting the four second pads 31b end to end, so that the two first feed points 40 are located in a polygon formed by connecting the four second feed points 50 end to end, thereby forming a dual-band antenna combining four L2 frequency bands and two L1 frequency bands. Through the arrangement, the fixing solution of the L1 single-frequency band of the antenna for the RTK application is about 30-50%, and the fixing solution of the L1 and the L2 double-frequency band for the RTK application can be improved to 70-80%.

Referring to fig. 3, in some alternative embodiments, the circuit board 30 is provided with a signal conditioning circuit for processing the GNSS high-frequency signal and the GNSS low-frequency signal received by the first feed point 40 and the second feed point 50, and the signal conditioning circuit is used for phase shifting, combining, filtering, amplifying and the like of the signals.

The signal conditioning circuit comprises a first phase-shifting combiner 61, two second phase-shifting combiners 62, a third phase-shifting combiner 63, a fourth phase-shifting combiner 64 and a filtering amplification circuit. The first phase shifting combiner 61 is connected to the two first feed points 40, and is configured to combine the two GNSS high-frequency signals received by the two first feed points 40 into one GNSS high-frequency signal. A second phase shifting combiner 62 is connected to the two second feed points 50, and is configured to combine the two GNSS low-frequency signals received by the two second feed points 50 into one GNSS low-frequency signal. The third phase-shifting combiner 63 is connected to the two second phase-shifting combiners 62, and is configured to combine the GNSS low-frequency signals of the two second phase-shifting combiners 62 into one GNSS low-frequency signal. The fourth phase-shifting combiner 64 is connected to the first phase-shifting combiner 61 and the third phase-shifting combiner 63 through the filtering and amplifying circuit. The GNSS high-frequency signal output by the first phase-shifting combiner 61 passes through the filtering and amplifying circuit, and enters the fourth phase-shifting combiner 64. The GNSS low-frequency signal output by the third phase-shifting combiner 63 passes through the filtering and amplifying circuit and enters the fourth phase-shifting combiner 64. The fourth phase shifter 64 combines the input GNSS signals into one path for output. Through the arrangement, in order to realize the mutual communication of the first feed point 40, the second feed point 50 and the signal conditioning circuit in a small space, the signals of the two first feed points 40 or the two second feed points 50 are combined into one signal by adopting the phase-shifting combiner, so that the arrangement space can be saved.

In order to perform the functions of phase shifting, combining, filtering, amplifying, etc. on the signals, the filtering and amplifying circuit may include several filters 65 and several amplifiers 66. The two second feed points 50 are respectively connected to two second phase shifting combiners 62, the two second phase shifting combiners 62 are connected to a third phase shifting combiner 63, and are connected to a fourth phase shifting combiner 64 through two filters 65 and an amplifier 66. The two first feed points 40 are connected to a first phase shifting combiner 61, and the first phase shifting combiner 61 is connected to a fourth phase shifting combiner 64 through two filters 65 and two amplifiers 66. The output of the fourth phase shifting combiner 64 is connected to an amplifier 66.

The two GNSS high-frequency signals received by the two first feed points 40 are combined into one signal by the first phase-shifting combiner 61. The two GNSS low-frequency signals received by the two second feed points 50 are combined into one signal by the second phase-shifting combiner 62, and the two GNSS low-frequency signals of the two second phase-shifting combiners 62 are combined into one GNSS low-frequency signal by the third phase-shifting combiner 63. One path of GNSS high-frequency signal of the first phase-shifting combiner 61 and one path of GNSS low-frequency signal of the third phase-shifting combiner 63 are respectively subjected to filtering processing and amplification processing by a filter and an amplifier, then combined into one path of GNSS signal by the fourth phase-shifting combiner 64, and finally output by amplification processing by the amplifier.

The embodiment of the specification also provides the positioning equipment, and the positioning equipment comprises an antenna. The positioning device may include a high-precision map acquisition device or the like that requires a precise positioning or navigation function. The positioning device includes an antenna. It should be noted that the description of the antenna in the above embodiments and implementations is also applicable to the positioning apparatus in this specification.

The positioning device in the specification welds a first feed point of an antenna for receiving a GNSS high-frequency signal with a corresponding pad on a circuit board through a connecting hole of a second dielectric plate, connects a second feed point for receiving a GNSS low-frequency signal with the corresponding pad on the circuit board, and forms an antenna structure of '4 second feed points +2 first feed points', and combines the first feed point and the second feed point to form a double-fed antenna without increasing the volume of the circuit board, so that single-band signal processing of the GNSS high-frequency signal or the GNSS low-frequency signal can be met, double-band signal processing of the GNSS high-frequency signal and the GNSS low-frequency signal can be met, a miniaturized antenna design is realized, the coverage rate of an antenna for searching satellites can be increased, the stability of the phase center deviation of the antenna can be improved, the overall volume of the positioning device can be reduced, and the requirement for miniaturization can be met.

Other embodiments of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This specification is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the specification following, in general, the principles of the specification and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the specification pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the specification being indicated by the following claims.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, and should not be taken as limiting the present disclosure, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising: the circuit board comprises a first dielectric plate, a second dielectric plate and a circuit board, wherein the second dielectric plate is positioned between the first dielectric plate and the circuit board;

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein two of the first feed points are located within a polygon formed by four of the second feed points.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the phase difference of the GNSS high frequency signals received by the two first feed points is 90 degrees.

4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the four second feed points are geometrically symmetric with respect to a center point of the second dielectric plate.

5. The antenna according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are circular or quadrilateral.

6. The antenna of any of claims 1-4, wherein a spacing between the first feed points is less than a spacing between the second feed points.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein one of the pads is soldered with one of the first feed points or one of the second feed points, and a position of a pad on the circuit board corresponds to a position of the first feed point soldered thereto on the first dielectric board and corresponds to a position of the second feed point soldered thereto on the second dielectric board.

8. The antenna according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the circuit board is provided with signal conditioning circuitry for processing GNSS high frequency signals and GNSS low frequency signals received by the first and second feed points.

9. The antenna defined in claim 8 wherein the signal conditioning circuitry comprises:

10. A positioning device comprising an antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.