CN213141936U

CN213141936U - Multiphase substance internal cold exciting gasification furnace

Info

Publication number: CN213141936U
Application number: CN201821918048.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邰学林
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-11-21
Filing date: 2018-11-21
Publication date: 2021-05-07
Anticipated expiration: 2028-11-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiphase substance internal cooling excited gasification furnace, belonging to the technical field of coal chemical industry and environment. The gasification furnace is composed of a high-temperature gas outlet 1, a water-cooling excitation device 5, a vertical cylindrical gasification chamber 2 with a slag water outlet 6, more than 2 multi-nozzles 3 and other parts, can simultaneously convert organic matters, carbon-containing solids, carbon tar and other carbon-containing liquids in combustible gas into synthesis gas, and can perform high-temperature thermal blocking on dioxin, garbage percolate, heavy metals and other toxic and harmful substances in the synthesis gas, thereby realizing the recycling and clean utilization of coal, municipal garbage and organic solid waste. The gasification furnace can be used for the technical transformation of the utilization and deep treatment of coal gas, coke oven gas, pyrolysis gas, coke powder, pyrolysis residue and toxic and harmful substances of various devices such as low-temperature coal gasification furnaces, coal pyrolysis furnaces, organic solid waste pyrolysis furnaces, garbage pyrolysis gasification furnaces and coke oven gas chemical industry, and newly-built devices for organic solid waste recycling, coal efficient utilization and clean gasification, IGCC power generation, urban central heating and the like.

Description

Multiphase substance internal cold exciting gasification furnace

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry and environment.

Background

In the technical fields of coal chemical industry and environment, the temperature in a slag entrained flow gasifier at home and abroad is high, the slag contacts a thermocouple to cause the bursting of a heat-insulating material, the temperature in the gasifier is very difficult to measure, most of the slag entrained flow gasifier can only measure the temperature indirectly by measuring gas components or other methods, the error is large, and the coal ash melting point change is large, so that the online detection cannot be realized at present, which is a very important problem influencing the production and operation of the slag entrained flow gasifier at present. The problem of the coal gas pulverized coal slag countercurrent entrained flow gasifier is more serious, because the temperature detection and control are difficult, the temperature of a gasification center is high, the temperature of other parts such as a slag notch and the like in the gasification chamber except the gasification center is relatively low, the slag notch blockage is difficult to find in time, when the design, manufacture, installation and operation of a low-load production or gasification nozzle are unexpected, the slag notch at the bottom of the gasification chamber is often formed into large slag and difficult slag discharge, and the system is directly stopped when the system is serious. The blockage of the slag discharging opening is difficult to find in time, and the blockage of the slag discharging opening by large slag becomes one of the important problems influencing the normal operation of the coal gas and pulverized coal slag countercurrent entrained flow gasifier.

In the production process of some industrial furnaces such as fixed bed coal gasifier, circulating fluidized bed coal gasifier, coke oven, coal pyrolysis furnace, organic solid waste pyrolysis furnace, garbage pyrolysis gasifier and the like at home and abroad, various produced coal gas, coke oven gas, pyrolysis gas and other various coal gas and combustible gas usually contain some toxic and harmful gases such as organic matters or dioxin and the like which need to be disposed, and meanwhile, various solid carbon-containing substances such as coal dust, furnace slag, fly ash, coke powder, semicoke, pyrolysis residue and the like or solid toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like can also be produced, and sometimes, some combustible liquids such as tar and waste liquid with very complex components or liquid toxic and harmful substances such as garbage percolate and the like can also be produced Coal chemical industry, garbage cleaning treatment and organic solid waste recycling.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention relates to a multiphase substance internal-cooling excited gasification furnace which adopts multiphase substances such as gas, solid, liquid and the like or toxic and harmful substances to perform high-temperature thermochemical treatment simultaneously. Mainly aims at the problem that the slag outlet of the slag countercurrent entrained flow bed gasification furnace is easy to be blocked by large slag in the technical fields of coal chemical industry and environment, and various industrial furnaces such as a fixed bed coal gasification furnace, a circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnace, a coke oven, a coal pyrolysis furnace, an organic solid waste pyrolysis furnace, a garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace and the like in the production process, the produced various combustible gases such as coal gas, coke oven gas, pyrolysis gas and the like contain gas phase substances which need to be utilized and disposed, simultaneously, solid-phase and liquid-phase carbon-containing substances and toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin, landfill leachate, heavy metals and the like can be generated, the invention discloses a multiphase substance internal-cooling gasification furnace which can simultaneously carry out thermochemical treatment on carbon-containing substances such as gas phase, liquid phase and solid phase and toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin, landfill leachate and heavy metal. The gasification furnace is composed of a vertical cylindrical gasification chamber, at least one high-temperature gas outlet arranged at the top of the gasification chamber, at least one set of water-cooled quenching device arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber, a slag and water outlet, a plurality of multiphase substance gasification agent nozzles arranged on the furnace wall of the gasification chamber and more than 2 or more than 2, and parts of the gasification chamber below the nozzles, such as at least one part of water-cooled furnace wall, etc., wherein the multiphase substance gasification agent nozzles are arranged on the furnace wall below the middle part (one half) of the gasification chamber, the nozzles are uniformly arranged near the same horizontal plane, the outlet directions of all the nozzles deviate from the center of the gasification chamber and the horizontal plane at a certain angle at the same time, the multiphase substances are mixed and gasified before entering the gasification chamber between 0.1 DEG and 60 DEG, the liquid-phase substances can also directly enter the gasification chamber through 1 or more liquid-phase substance nozzles to, the liquid phase substance nozzle can be arranged above or below the multiphase substance gasifying agent nozzle or on the same horizontal plane, a start-up burner and an ignition burner are not needed, the multiphase substance gasifying agent nozzle has the functions of the ignition burner and the start-up burner, when the temperature of combustible gas in gas phase substances is lower than the ignition temperature, the nozzle can be provided with an ignition device or not, when the temperature of the combustible gas in the gas phase substances is higher than the ignition temperature, the nozzle does not need to be provided with the ignition device, the multiphase substances refer to two-phase substances or a mixture of three-phase substances in the three-phase substances of the gas phase substances, the solid phase substances and the liquid phase substances which enter the gasification chamber, wherein at least one substance is coal gas or other combustible gases, the gas phase substances refer to coal gas produced by natural gas or various coal gasification furnaces, coke ovens, coal pyrolysis furnaces, organic solid waste pyrolysis furnaces, garbage pyrolysis gasification furnaces, The gasification chamber is a gasification chamber with the same or similar structure as that of the gasification chamber of the currently known entrained flow bed coal gasification furnace, and the multi-phase substance gasification agent nozzle is a multi-channel nozzle composed of at least one multi-phase substance channel, at least one gasification agent channel and at least one water cooling device, the multi-phase substance gasifying nozzle may be a multi-channel nozzle comprising at least one multi-phase substance passage and at least one water cooling device, the gasifying nozzle may be a multi-channel nozzle comprising at least one gasifying agent passage and at least one water cooling device, the gasifying agent may be oxygen or a mixture of oxygen and another gas, the water cooling device may be at least one device capable of spraying water to the bottom of the gasification chamber, the ignition device may be various combustible gas ignition devices known so far, and the water cooling furnace wall may be a film wall or a water jacket furnace wall or another water cooling furnace wall using water as a cooling medium known so far.

Gaseous phase substances such as pyrolysis gas, coke oven gas and the like, biochar, coke powder, pyrolysis residues and other solid phase substances, various multi-phase carbon-containing substances such as garbage pyrolysis tar and other multi-phase harmful substances such as dioxin, garbage leachate, heavy metals and other toxic and harmful substances enter a gasification chamber through a nozzle multi-phase substance channel, the multi-phase carbon-containing substances and the gasification agent enter the gasification chamber together through the nozzle multi-phase substance channel to be mixed in the gasification chamber for high-temperature thermochemical reaction, liquid-phase toxic and harmful substances such as garbage leachate and other liquid-phase harmful substances can also directly enter the gasification chamber through a liquid-phase substance nozzle to participate in the high-temperature thermochemical reaction, because the multi-phase substance raw material contains combustible gas and adopts the arrangement that a plurality of nozzles deviate from the center of the gasification chamber and a horizontal plane in the same direction to a certain angle, a plurality of, a local high-temperature gasification zone is formed in the center of the middle and lower parts of the gasification chamber, the temperature of the high-temperature gasification zone is generally hundreds of ℃ higher than the temperature of the furnace wall and the furnace top of the gasification chamber and is greatly higher than the gasification temperature of the existing entrained-flow bed coal gasification furnace, so that the gasification efficiency of the gasification furnace and the high-temperature thermal blocking efficiency of toxic and harmful substances are improved, the temperature of the gasification furnace wall and the furnace top are lower than the temperature of the existing entrained-flow bed coal gasification furnace, the erosion and the corrosion of the furnace wall are greatly reduced, and the cold coal gas. Organic matters and other carbon-containing substances in the multiphase substances react with gasifying agents such as oxygen, water vapor, carbon dioxide and the like to form synthesis gas, toxic and harmful substances such as dioxin, organic sulfur and the like in the synthesis gas are decomposed or converted, high-temperature thermal interruption is realized, the gasifying agents such as carbon dioxide, water vapor and the like in the synthesis gas flowing to the furnace top and residual carbon in fly ash leave a high-temperature gasification area to continue to perform heat-absorbing thermochemical reaction, the temperature of the synthesis gas at the furnace top and the residual carbon in the fly ash are reduced, the content of effective gas is increased, and the synthesis gas after reaction leaves a gasification chamber from a high-temperature gas outlet at the top of the gasification chamber and enters the subsequent working. The ash and heavy metal in the multi-phase substance form molten slag in the high-temperature gasification zone, the molten slag directly falls into the chilled water at the bottom of the gasification chamber to be cooled and solidified, and the solid slag and the chilled water are discharged out of the gasification chamber through a slag discharge port at the bottom of the gasification chamber. Toxic and harmful liquid phase substances such as garbage leachate and the like directly enter the gasification chamber through the liquid phase nozzle to be vaporized at high temperature and participate in high-temperature thermochemical reaction, so that the water vapor consumption is reduced, the temperature of the upper part or the lower part of the gasification chamber is reduced, and the harmless and recycling treatment of the liquid toxic and harmful substances such as garbage leachate and the like is realized. The water-cooling quenching device at the bottom of the gasification chamber also has the function of recovering latent heat of molten slag, molten slag falls into the gasification chamber directly through steam formed in quenching water, participates in high-temperature thermochemical reaction, reduces the steam added from the outside required by thermochemical reaction, reduces steam consumption, reduces the heat brought out by the quenching circulating water, reduces the consumption of the quenching circulating water, and reduces the cost. Because the slag directly falls into water from a high-temperature gasification zone in the center of the gasification furnace to be condensed and burst, rather than flowing down along the furnace wall to easily form large slag, even if the temperature of the furnace wall of the gasification chamber and the bottom of the gasification chamber is lower than the ash melting point, the gasification furnace can still normally operate, and the problem that the existing coal gas and coal powder countercurrent entrained flow gasification furnace stops due to the fact that the slag hole at the bottom of the gasification chamber is easily formed and blocked by the large slag is solved. The water cooling furnace wall is used as a part of the gasification chamber and has the functions of preventing the cold shock water from directly contacting the furnace wall of the middle-upper gasification chamber, protecting the furnace wall of the gasification chamber, reducing the temperature of the furnace bottom water cooling device and reducing the consumption of the cold shock water.

The gasification furnace can be applied to the technical transformation that the generated coal gas, coke oven gas, pyrolysis residue, coke powder, various carbon-containing substances and toxic and harmful substances need to be treated or deeply treated when various fixed bed coal gasification furnaces, circulating fluidized bed coal gasification furnaces, coal pyrolysis furnaces, organic solid waste pyrolysis furnaces, garbage pyrolysis gasification furnaces, coke oven gas chemical industry and other devices are produced, and can also be applied to newly-built coal gasification, organic solid waste recycling, garbage recycling, high-efficiency coal utilization and clean gasification, IGCC, industrial gas, urban central heating and other devices.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Combustible gas from a raw material pretreatment device enters a gasification chamber 2 through a multiphase substance channel of a nozzle 3, is mixed with a gasification agent from a gasification agent channel of the nozzle 3 and is ignited by an automatic ignition device or manual ignition combustion, the gasification chamber is heated and heated, the temperature of the gasification chamber is gradually raised to normal operation temperature, then other gas phase substances, solid phase substances or liquid phase substances or solid phase and liquid phase substances are added into the combustible gas, the combustible gas enters the gasification chamber 2 through the multiphase substance channel of the nozzle 3 and is mixed with the gasification agent from the gasification agent channel of the nozzle 3 in the gasification chamber 2 for high-temperature thermochemical reaction, the liquid phase substance can also enter the gasification chamber 2 through a liquid phase substance nozzle 7 and participate in high-temperature thermochemical reaction, the molten slag after the reaction falls into the bottom of the gasification chamber 2 and is cooled, solidified and cracked by cold shock water sprayed from a water cooling shock device 5 at the bottom of the gasification chamber, slag and water are discharged out of the gasification chamber through a slag discharge port 6 at the bottom of the gasification chamber, a small amount of slag splashed onto the water-cooled wall 4 of the gasification chamber is cooled, solidified, dropped into bottom water, discharged out of the gasification chamber through the slag discharge port 6 together with the slag and water, and reacted high-temperature gas leaves the gasification chamber from a top high-temperature gas outlet 1 of the gasification chamber 2.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a heterogeneous material internal cooling swash gasifier which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

a vertical cylindrical gasification chamber for mixed multiphase material to enter and be mixed with gasification agent for gasification;

at least one high temperature gas outlet disposed at a top of the gasification chamber;

the water chilling device is arranged at the bottom of the gasification chamber and is used for spraying water to the bottom of the gasification chamber;

at least one slag-water mixture outlet;

the gasification agent nozzles of more than two multiphase substances are arranged on the furnace wall which is less than one half of the middle part of the gasification chamber, the gasification agent nozzles of the multiphase substances are arranged near the same horizontal plane, and the outlet directions of the gasification agent nozzles of the multiphase substances are deviated from the center of the gasification chamber and the horizontal plane at the same time by an angle of 0.1-60 degrees; and

1 or more liquid phase substance nozzles for supplying liquid phase substances to participate in thermochemical reaction by entering the gasification chamber, wherein the liquid phase substance nozzles can be arranged above or below the multi-phase substance gasification agent nozzles or on the same horizontal plane;

wherein:

the multi-phase material gasifying nozzle is composed of at least one multi-phase material channel, at least one gasifying agent channel and at least one water cooling device, the multi-phase material nozzle is composed of at least one multi-phase material channel and at least one water cooling device, and the gasifying agent nozzle is composed of at least one gasifying agent channel and at least one water cooling device.

2. The multi-phase substance internally-cooled gasifier according to claim 1, wherein said multi-phase substance gasifier nozzle further comprises an ignition device.

3. The multi-phase substance internally-cooled gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the multi-phase substance gasifier nozzle and the gasifier nozzle are provided separately.

4. The multi-phase substance internally-cooled gasifier according to claim 1, wherein the gasifier chamber is the same as the gasifier chamber of the entrained-flow bed gasifier.