CN213093372U - Compact microstrip array antenna and radiation unit - Google Patents
Compact microstrip array antenna and radiation unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN213093372U CN213093372U CN202021965107.7U CN202021965107U CN213093372U CN 213093372 U CN213093372 U CN 213093372U CN 202021965107 U CN202021965107 U CN 202021965107U CN 213093372 U CN213093372 U CN 213093372U
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, and provides a compact microstrip array antenna and a radiation unit, wherein the compact microstrip array antenna comprises a reflecting plate and a plurality of radiation units arranged on one side of the reflecting plate; the radiation unit comprises an upper radiation sheet and a lower radiation sheet; the upper radiation sheet and the lower radiation sheet are sequentially stacked on the reflecting plate from outside to inside. In the practical application process, one side of the reflecting plate is sequentially stacked with the upper radiation sheet and the lower radiation sheet, wherein the lower radiation sheet is closer to the reflecting plate, and the occupied space of the radiation unit is ensured to be smaller on the premise of increasing the 5G micro base station and improving the gain coverage of the bandwidth by designing the stacked radiation unit.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a compact microstrip array antenna and a radiating unit.
Background
With the rapid development of communication technology, the 5G base station gradually enters a large-scale construction stage along with the gradual maturity of the next generation 5G communication technology. A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technology is adopted in the 5G base station to design and apply a front-end antenna, and meanwhile, the MIMO technology is more agile and convenient in beamforming and switching in a specific scene, and has a wider application space and a wider prospect.
However, MIMO is a technology mainly proposed for a 5G macro base station, and an operator communication network needs not only the macro base station to solve the problem of coverage, but also a large number of outdoor micro base stations to deeply complement and expand the coverage of the macro base station in order to meet the access requirement of massive data, so that the antenna design and layout of the micro base stations will have an important influence on the performance of the whole micro base station.
The traditional 4G micro base station is mainly used for solving the problem of blind compensation, and has no higher requirement for the system capacity of the micro base station, so the PIFA (Planar Inverted F-shaped Antenna) structure is adopted in many antennas, and the antennas are mainly characterized in that: the cost is low, the installation is convenient, but the gain is low, the coverage effect is poor, and for the construction of the 5G micro base station, not only the blind-repairing problem needs to be solved, but also the problems of deep coverage, system capacity expansion and the like are required, so that the design of the 5G micro base station by still adopting the PIFA antenna has great limitation.
Because the 5G frequency band is extended to a higher frequency than the 4G frequency band, the size of the 5G antenna needs to be reduced greatly, so as to ensure that the multi-cell array design becomes possible in the 5G outdoor micro base station antenna. However, due to the small size of the micro base station, the array space left for the antennas is still very limited.
At present, a feed network in a 4G macro base station is mainly designed into a phase shifter form with adjustable phase, the phase shifter in the form is relatively large in size and needs to be arranged on the back of an array antenna reflector, the phase of a MIMO array antenna adopted by 5G is controlled by a chip at the rear end of a radio frequency, and a digital signal is generated for dynamic adjustment.
For example, as shown in fig. 1, a schematic design diagram of a coplanar antenna unit and a feed network in a conventional array antenna is shown, in the conventional array antenna, the antenna radiation units and the feed network are located on the same surface, and the radiation units have the same polarization and are connected together by a multistage power divider, as shown in fig. 1, two radiation units at the upper end of a column antenna are connected by a first-stage power divider a1, two radiation units at the lower end of the column antenna are connected by a first-stage power divider a2, and then, four radiation units in the left column connect two first-stage power dividers a1 and a2 together by second-stage power dividers b1 and b 2; meanwhile, the four radiation units with the same polarization in the right column are connected together by a second-stage power divider b3 and b4 in the right column, then two second-stage power dividers b1 and b3 are connected together by a third-stage power divider c1 and finally converged to a Port _1, and the other polarization of the corresponding array is connected together by a second-stage power divider b3 and b4 through a third-stage power divider c2 and converged to a Port _2, so that a complete dual-polarization array antenna is formed.
As can be seen from fig. 1: the layout of the array antenna not only occupies a larger space for the radiating unit, but also the feed network also occupies a larger space around the radiating unit.
As shown in fig. 2, a layout diagram of a specific 3 × 4 array antenna with radiating elements and a feeding network coplanar is shown, and it can be seen from the diagram that the surrounding network occupies a certain spatial layout, and at the same time, the network is closer in distance and has more windings, which all affect the overall radiation performance of the array antenna.
In fig. 1 and 2, the feeding network and the radiating elements are all on the front surface of the reflection plate, which results in large layout occupation space, relatively complex network routing, large network loss, and limited matching space, and finally affects the performance of the whole array antenna, and more importantly, in the micro base station with extremely limited space, there is great practical difficulty.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The application provides a compact microstrip array antenna and a radiation unit, so that the microstrip array antenna with a compact structure is provided under the condition that the volume of a micro base station is smaller.
The application provides a compact microstrip array antenna in a first aspect, which comprises a reflecting plate and a plurality of radiating units arranged on one side of the reflecting plate;
the radiation unit comprises an upper radiation sheet and a lower radiation sheet; the upper radiation sheet and the lower radiation sheet are sequentially stacked on the reflecting plate from outside to inside.
Optionally, the compact microstrip array antenna further includes a feeding unit disposed on the reflection plate;
the radiating element comprises a first coupling feed element and a second coupling feed element; one end of the first coupling feed unit is coupled with the lower radiation plate, and the other end of the first coupling feed unit is connected with a first feed network of the feed unit;
one end of the second coupling feed unit is coupled with the lower radiation plate, and the other end of the second coupling feed unit is connected with a second feed network of the feed unit;
the first coupling feed unit and the second coupling feed unit form plus or minus 45-degree polarization coupling feed with the lower radiation piece.
Optionally, the first feed network is composed of feed circuits disposed on two sides of the reflection plate, and the feed circuits on two sides are connected through a metal hole;
the second feed network is composed of feed circuits arranged on two sides of the reflecting plate, and the feed circuits on the two sides are connected through metal holes.
Optionally, the radiation unit further includes a first total input port and a second total input port, where the first total input port and the second total input port are disposed on the reflection plate and located on two sides of the reflection plate respectively with the radiation unit;
the first total input port is connected with the first feed network; the second total input port is connected with the second feed network.
Optionally, a distance d between the upper radiation sheet and the lower radiation sheet is a millimeter; the distance d between the lower radiation piece and the reflecting plate is millimeter.
Optionally, the shape of the upper radiation sheet is a circle or a regular polygon.
Optionally, the shape of the lower radiation sheet is a circle or a regular polygon.
Optionally, the radiation unit is a half-wave oscillator, a full-wave oscillator, or a spiral oscillator.
Optionally, the feed unit is an air microstrip line, a pcb microstrip line, an injection molding electroplating microstrip line or an injection molding LDS microstrip line.
A second aspect of the present application provides a compact radiation unit including an upper radiation sheet and a lower radiation sheet; the upper layer radiation sheet and the lower layer radiation sheet are arranged in a stacked mode.
According to the technical scheme, the compact microstrip array antenna and the radiating unit provided by the application comprise a reflecting plate and a plurality of radiating units arranged on one side of the reflecting plate; the radiation unit comprises an upper radiation sheet and a lower radiation sheet; the upper radiation sheet and the lower radiation sheet are sequentially stacked on the reflecting plate from outside to inside.
In the practical application process, one side of the reflecting plate is sequentially stacked to form the upper radiation piece and the lower radiation piece, wherein the lower radiation piece is closer to the reflecting plate, and the occupied space of the radiation unit is smaller on the premise of increasing the gain coverage and the bandwidth of the 5G micro base station by designing the stacked radiation unit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coplanar design structure of a conventional antenna unit and a feed network;
fig. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of a specific 3 x 4 array antenna with a radiating element and a feeding network in a coplanar design;
fig. 3 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a compact microstrip array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a compact radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the microstrip array antenna of fig. 3;
fig. 6 is a schematic bottom view of the microstrip array antenna of fig. 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a side view of the microstrip array antenna of FIG. 3;
fig. 8 is a schematic voltage standing wave ratio diagram of a microstrip array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of horizontal plane patterns of different frequency points of the microstrip array antenna in the working frequency band according to the embodiment of the present application.
Illustration of the drawings:
the antenna comprises a 1-reflecting plate, a 2-radiating unit, a 201-upper-layer radiating sheet, a 202-lower-layer radiating sheet, a 203-first coupling feed unit, a 204-second coupling feed unit, a 3-feed unit, a 301-first feed network, a 302-second feed network, a 303-metal hole, a 4-first total input port and a 5-second total input port.
Detailed Description
In order to provide a micro base station design meeting 5G communication under the condition that the volume of the micro base station is small, as shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a compact microstrip array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown; as shown in fig. 4, a schematic view of an overall structure of a compact radiation unit provided in the embodiments of the present application; the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a compact microstrip array antenna, including a reflection plate 1 and a plurality of radiation units 2 disposed on one side of the reflection plate 1; a plurality of the radiation units 2 form a radiation array, and the radiation units 2 comprise an upper radiation sheet 201 and a lower radiation sheet 202; the upper radiation sheet 201 and the lower radiation sheet 202 are sequentially stacked on the reflection plate 1 from the outside to the inside.
Here, from outside to inside, outside means a direction relatively away from the reflection plate 1, and inside means a direction relatively close to the reflection plate 1.
Through one side of reflecting plate 1 stacks gradually the setting upper radiation piece 201 with lower floor's radiation piece 202, wherein lower floor's radiation piece 202 extremely reflecting plate 1 distance is closer, through the radiation unit 2 of design range upon range of formula, under the prerequisite that increases the gain coverage of the little basic station of 5G and promote the bandwidth, guarantees that radiation unit 2's occupation space is less, and this application embodiment provides a compact structure's microstrip array antenna under the less condition of the volume of little basic station.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments of the present application, the compact microstrip array antenna further includes a feeding unit 3 disposed on the reflection plate 1, and the radiation unit 2 includes a first coupling feeding unit 203 and a second coupling feeding unit 204; one end of the first coupling feed unit 203 is coupled to the lower radiation plate 202, and the other end is connected to the first feed network 301 of the feed unit 3; one end of the second coupling feed unit 204 is coupled to the lower radiation plate 202, and the other end is connected to the second feed network 302 of the feed unit 3; the first coupling feed unit 203 and the second coupling feed unit 204 form ± 45 ° polarization coupling feed with the lower radiation plate 202.
It should be noted that, one end of the first coupling feeding unit 203 is coupled to the lower radiation plate 202, and one end of the second coupling feeding unit 204 is coupled to the lower radiation plate 202, and the feeding may also be performed in a direct connection manner.
The first coupling feed unit 203 and the second coupling feed unit 204 perform ± 45 ° polarization coupling feed on the lower radiation plate 202, and then the lower radiation plate 202 couples with the upper radiation plate 201, thereby implementing coupling feed of the radiation unit 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the microstrip array antenna shown in fig. 3; fig. 6 is a schematic bottom view of the microstrip array antenna of fig. 3; fig. 3 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a compact microstrip array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application; fig. 7 is a schematic side view of the microstrip array antenna of fig. 3.
In order to further reduce the occupied space of the radiation unit 2, in some embodiments of the present application, the first feeding network 301 is composed of feeding circuits disposed on two sides of the reflection plate 1, and the feeding circuits on two sides are connected through a metal hole 303; the second feeding network 302 is composed of feeding circuits disposed on two sides of the reflection plate 1, and the feeding circuits on two sides are connected through a metal hole 303.
In the compact microstrip array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, the feed circuits are disposed on both sides of the reflection plate 1, so as to form the first feed network 301 and the second feed network 302, and further reduce the space occupied by the feed unit 3. Further, as shown in fig. 6, in some embodiments of the present application, the compact microstrip array antenna further includes a first total input port 4 and a second total input port 5, where the first total input port 4 and the second total input port 5 are disposed on the reflection plate 1 and located on two sides of the reflection plate 1 respectively with the radiation unit 2; the first total input port 4 is connected with the first feed network 301; the second input port 5 is connected to the second feeding network 302.
The first total input port 4 provides a feed for the upper-layer radiating patch 201 through the first feed network 301, and the second total input port 5 provides a feed for the lower-layer radiating patch 202 through the second feed network 302.
In some embodiments of the present application, the distance d1 between the upper radiation plate 201 and the lower radiation plate 202 is 4 mm; the distance d2 between the lower radiation piece 202 and the reflection plate 1 is 6 mm.
Wherein, the shape of the upper radiation sheet 201 is a circle or a regular polygon; the shape of the lower radiation plate 202 is a circle or a regular polygon, and specifically, a regular octagon may be used as the structure of the lower radiation plate 202.
It should be noted that, the compact microstrip array antenna provided in this embodiment of the application is not limited to that the upper radiation patch 201 is circular, the lower radiation patch 202 is regular polygon, or other combination forms, for example, the upper radiation patch 201 and the lower radiation patch 202 are both circular or regular polygon, and the upper radiation patch 201 and the lower radiation patch 202 may also be grooved or have an stricter symmetric structure.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the radiation unit 2 may adopt a half-wave oscillator, a full-wave oscillator, or a spiral oscillator according to a specific design requirement. The feed unit 3 adopts an air microstrip line, but is not limited to the air microstrip line, and may also be of other structures, for example, a pcb microstrip line, an injection-molded electroplated microstrip line, or an injection-molded LDS microstrip line.
As shown in fig. 3, the maximum size of the compact microstrip array antenna is the spatial layout size of the radiation unit 2, and the feed unit 3 adopts a compact layout of upper and lower surfaces to ensure that the compact microstrip array antenna occupies the minimum space.
As shown in fig. 8, a schematic voltage standing wave ratio diagram of a microstrip array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is shown; as can be seen from fig. 8, the working frequency band of the microstrip array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application covers 3.5GHz used in 5G communication, and the standing-wave ratio of the array antenna in this frequency band is all below 1.4, which ensures that the microstrip array antenna has better matching performance in the 3.5GHz frequency band.
It should be noted that the microstrip array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is specifically an example given for the frequency 3.5GHz and the gain 16dBi (2 × 4 array), but the application range of the present application is not limited to the frequency 3.5GHz and the gain 16dBi (2 × 4 array), and may also be applied to other frequency bands and gains of a 5G micro base station antenna, for example: 2.6GHz, 4.9GHz, 12dBi, 13dBi and 14 dBi.
As shown in fig. 9, a schematic diagram of horizontal patterns of different frequency points of the microstrip array antenna provided in this embodiment of the present application in an operating frequency band is shown. As can be seen from fig. 9, the horizontal plane directional diagram of the microstrip array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application is relatively convergent, and the simulation gain is relatively high, which reaches 17dBi, so that the microstrip array antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, as a 5G micro base station array antenna, can have good working performance, and has the advantages of high gain, low cost, convenience in assembly, compactness, and the like.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic view of an overall structure of a compact radiation unit provided in the embodiments of the present application; a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a compact radiation unit, which includes an upper radiation sheet 201 and a lower radiation sheet 202; the upper radiation sheet 201 and the lower radiation sheet 202 are stacked.
According to the technical solutions above, the compact microstrip array antenna and the radiating unit provided in the embodiments of the present application include a reflector plate 1 and a plurality of radiating units 2 disposed on one side of the reflector plate 1; the radiation unit 2 comprises an upper radiation sheet 201 and a lower radiation sheet 202; the upper radiation sheet 201 and the lower radiation sheet 202 are sequentially stacked on the reflection plate 1 from the outside to the inside.
In the practical application process, the upper radiation piece 201 and the lower radiation piece 202 are sequentially stacked on one side of the reflecting plate 1, wherein the lower radiation piece 202 is closer to the reflecting plate 1, and the stacked radiation unit 2 is designed, so that the occupied space of the radiation unit 2 is ensured to be smaller on the premise of increasing the gain coverage of the 5G micro base station.
The embodiments provided in the present application are only a few examples of the general concept of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Any other embodiments extended according to the scheme of the present application without inventive efforts will be within the scope of protection of the present application for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A compact microstrip array antenna, characterized by comprising a reflector plate (1) and a plurality of radiating elements (2) arranged on one side of the reflector plate (1);
the radiation unit (2) comprises an upper radiation sheet (201) and a lower radiation sheet (202); the upper radiation sheet (201) and the lower radiation sheet (202) are sequentially laminated on the reflecting plate (1) from outside to inside;
the compact microstrip array antenna also comprises a feed unit (3) arranged on the reflecting plate (1);
the radiation unit (2) comprises a first coupling feed unit (203) and a second coupling feed unit (204); one end of the first coupling feed unit (203) is coupled with the lower radiation plate (202), and the other end of the first coupling feed unit is connected with a first feed network (301) of the feed unit (3);
one end of the second coupling feed unit (204) is coupled with the lower radiation plate (202), and the other end of the second coupling feed unit is connected with a second feed network (302) of the feed unit (3);
the first coupling feed unit (203) and the second coupling feed unit (204) form a plus or minus 45-degree polarization coupling feed with the lower radiation plate (202).
2. The compact microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, wherein said first feeding network (301) is composed of feeding circuits disposed on both sides of said reflector plate (1), the feeding circuits on both sides being connected by a metal hole (303);
the second feed network (302) is composed of feed circuits arranged on two sides of the reflecting plate (1), and the feed circuits on the two sides are connected through metal holes (303).
3. The compact microstrip array antenna according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a first total input port (4) and a second total input port (5), the first total input port (4) and the second total input port (5) being arranged on the reflection plate (1) and being on both sides of the reflection plate (1) with the radiating elements (2), respectively;
the first total input port (4) is connected with the first feed network (301); the second total input port (5) is connected with the second feed network (302).
4. The compact microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the distance d1 between the upper radiating patch (201) and the lower radiating patch (202) is 4 mm; the distance d2 between the lower radiation piece (202) and the reflecting plate (1) is 6 mm.
5. The compact microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the upper radiating patch (201) is circular or regular polygonal in shape.
6. The compact microstrip array antenna of claim 1, wherein the lower radiating patch (202) is circular or regular polygonal in shape.
7. The compact microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the radiating element (2) is a half-wave element, a full-wave element or a helical element.
8. The compact microstrip array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the feed unit (3) is an air microstrip line, a pcb microstrip line, an injection molded plated microstrip line or an injection molded LDS microstrip line.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202021965107.7U CN213093372U (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | Compact microstrip array antenna and radiation unit |
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| CN202021965107.7U CN213093372U (en) | 2020-09-10 | 2020-09-10 | Compact microstrip array antenna and radiation unit |
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| CN213093372U true CN213093372U (en) | 2021-04-30 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023132712A1 (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-07-13 | 주식회사 케이엠더블유 | Air-strip line and antenna device comprising air-strip line |
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2020
- 2020-09-10 CN CN202021965107.7U patent/CN213093372U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023132712A1 (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-07-13 | 주식회사 케이엠더블유 | Air-strip line and antenna device comprising air-strip line |
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