CN213063748U

CN213063748U - Engine and precombustion chamber structure thereof

Info

Publication number: CN213063748U
Application number: CN202021772339.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗亨波; 陈泓; 李钰怀; 王磊; 冶麟
Original assignee: Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-21
Filing date: 2020-08-21
Publication date: 2021-04-27
Anticipated expiration: 2030-08-21

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of engine, a engine precombustion chamber structure and engine is disclosed, engine precombustion chamber structure includes precombustion chamber subassembly, precombustion chamber subassembly is installed on the engine cylinder lid, the precombustion chamber subassembly includes the precombustion chamber, the precombustion chamber bottom is equipped with a plurality of orifices, the precombustion chamber passes through orifice and engine main combustion chamber intercommunication, be equipped with control in the precombustion chamber the switching subassembly of orifice switching, it has the adjustable precombustion chamber regulation assembly of volume size to go back slidable mounting in the precombustion chamber. The structure can adjust the volume of the precombustion chamber and the area of the jet hole, realize the optimal running parameters of the precombustion chamber under different working conditions, and better exert the potential of the precombustion chamber for improving the heat efficiency of the engine.

Description

Engine and precombustion chamber structure thereof

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of engines, especially, relate to an engine precombustion chamber structure and engine.

Background

Ultra high thermal efficiency is a goal pursued in the engine field. Because the lean combustion can reduce the combustion temperature, reduce the heat dissipation loss, improve the polytropic index of the mixed gas in the cylinder simultaneously, and the lean combustion can greatly improve the thermal efficiency of the engine. However, when the air-fuel ratio is high, the combustion speed of the mixture becomes slow, the combustion stability of the engine is lowered, and even a misfire phenomenon occurs, which restricts further improvement of the thermal efficiency.

The precombustion chamber technology is characterized in that a part of richer mixed gas is ignited in a cavity, and the ignited high-temperature mixed gas is sprayed into a main combustion chamber through a small hole. The ignition of the precombustion chamber increases the ignition area, improves the activity of main combustion mixed gas, and improves the turbulence energy in the cylinder at the top dead center, thereby greatly improving the combustion speed and reducing the detonation tendency. The pre-combustion chamber technology can greatly improve the lean burn limit of the engine, reduce the time loss and heat dissipation loss of combustion and further greatly improve the heat efficiency of the engine.

The volume of the prechamber and the orifice area are important parameters for the prechamber design. The volume of the prechamber directly affects the lean limit, which is greater the larger the prechamber volume, but the greater the throttling losses at the prechamber orifice, so that an optimum prechamber volume exists. The nozzle area affects the residual waste gas coefficient in the precombustion chamber, the flame penetration distance of the precombustion chamber, the throttling loss and the like, and an optimal nozzle area exists. However, under different working conditions such as load, rotating speed, excess air coefficient, effective compression ratio and the like, the optimal volume of the precombustion chamber and the area of the injection hole are different, and the volume of the traditional precombustion chamber and the area of the injection hole are fixed and cannot be changed along with the working conditions, so that the potential of the precombustion chamber for improving the heat efficiency of the engine is limited.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at: the engine precombustion chamber structure capable of adjusting the volume of the precombustion chamber and the area of the jet hole is provided, the optimal running parameters of the precombustion chamber under different working conditions are realized, and the potential of the precombustion chamber for improving the heat efficiency of the engine can be better exerted.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an engine prechamber structure, comprising: the pre-combustion chamber component is installed on an engine cylinder cover and comprises a pre-combustion chamber, a plurality of jet holes are formed in the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber, the pre-combustion chamber is communicated with the main combustion chamber of the engine through the jet holes, and a switching component for controlling the jet holes to be switched on and off is arranged in the pre-combustion chamber.

Furthermore, the opening and closing assembly comprises a plurality of telescopic rods which correspond to the spray holes one by one, and the telescopic rods are contacted with or separated from the spray holes through stretching to close or open the spray holes.

Furthermore, a support frame is arranged in the precombustion chamber, the support frame is fixed on the lower half part in the precombustion chamber, and one end of each telescopic rod is arranged on the support frame.

Furthermore, an adjusting component capable of adjusting the volume of the precombustion chamber is slidably mounted in the precombustion chamber.

Further, the adjustment assembly includes an adjustment valve configured to mate with the pre-combustion chamber.

Furthermore, the regulating valve and the precombustion chamber are arranged concentrically, and a sealing ring is arranged on the contact surface of the regulating valve and the precombustion chamber.

Further, a driving assembly is installed on the adjusting valve, and the driving assembly drives the adjusting valve to slide up and down in the pre-combustion chamber.

Further, an ignition device is installed on the adjusting valve and is connected in the adjusting valve through threads.

Further, a second injector is arranged on the precombustion chamber.

The utility model provides an engine, includes cylinder cap and main combustion chamber, still includes above-mentioned engine precombustion chamber structure, the engine precombustion chamber structrual installation be in on the cylinder cap, the engine precombustion chamber structure with main combustion chamber intercommunication, install first sprayer on the main combustion chamber.

The utility model provides a pair of engine prechamber structure and engine compare with prior art, its beneficial effect lies in: the number of the opened jet holes is dynamically adjusted through the opening and closing assembly, so that the purpose of adjusting the total area of the jet holes is achieved, the optimal running parameters of the precombustion chamber under different working conditions are realized, and the potential of the precombustion chamber for improving the heat efficiency of the engine is better exerted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the precombustion chamber structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the precombustor assembly of the present invention;

figure 3 is a top view of the precombustor assembly of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a cylinder cover; 2. an air inlet channel; 3. an intake valve; 4. a pre-chamber assembly; 401. a precombustion chamber; 402. a pre-combustion chamber housing; 403. adjusting a valve; 404. a support frame; 405. a telescopic rod; 406. spraying a hole; 407. a spark plug; 5. an exhaust valve; 6. an exhaust passage; 7. a main combustion chamber; 8. a cylinder liner; 9. a connecting rod; 10. a piston; 11. a first ejector; 12. a second ejector.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1: an engine prechamber structure.

As shown in fig. 1-3, an engine prechamber structure according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the combustion chamber comprises a cylinder cover 1, wherein a main combustion chamber 7 is arranged in the cylinder cover 1; precombustion chamber subassembly 4, precombustion chamber subassembly 4 is installed on cylinder cap 1 and with main combustion chamber 7 communicates, precombustion chamber subassembly 4 includes precombustion chamber 401, precombustion chamber 401 is the inside cavity of precombustion chamber shell 402, precombustion chamber 401 bottom is equipped with a plurality of orifice 406, precombustion chamber 401 passes through orifice 406 with main combustion chamber 7 communicates, be equipped with control in precombustion chamber 401 the switching subassembly of orifice 406 switching, the switching subassembly includes telescopic link 405, telescopic link 405 with the installation of orifice 406 one-to-one.

Based on the above scheme, in the present embodiment, when the telescopic rod 405 extends to contact the nozzle 406, the nozzle 406 is in a closed state; when the telescopic rod 405 is retracted to be separated from the nozzle hole 406, the nozzle hole 406 is in an open state; that is, the telescopic rod 405 blocks the nozzle holes 406 to reduce the total area of the nozzle holes 406, and the telescopic rod 405 is separated from the nozzle holes 406 to increase the number of the opened nozzle holes 406 and then increase the total area of the nozzle holes 406. The purpose of adjusting the total area of the jet holes of the precombustion chamber 401 can be achieved by using the telescopic rod 405, and adjustment is performed according to actual working conditions, so that the precombustion chamber 401 is always in an optimal running state, and the heat efficiency of the engine is improved.

Preferably, an adjusting assembly capable of adjusting the volume of the prechamber 401 is slidably mounted in the prechamber 401, the adjusting assembly includes an adjusting valve 403, the specific structure of the adjusting valve 403 matches the structure of the prechamber 401, in this embodiment, the prechamber 401 has a U-shaped structure, the adjusting valve 403 is preferably a cylindrical structure, and a driving assembly is mounted on the adjusting valve 403.

In the above solution, the adjusting valve 403 installed in the prechamber 401 is moved up and down by the driving component, and when the adjusting valve 403 is moved up, the volume of the prechamber 401 becomes large; when the regulating valve 403 is moved downwards, the corresponding prechamber 401 volume becomes smaller. The volume of the precombustion chamber 401 can be adjusted by up-and-down movement of the adjusting valve 403, so that the volume of the precombustion chamber 401 is optimally selected, and the potential of the precombustion chamber for improving the heat efficiency of the engine is fully exerted.

Preferably, the regulating valve 403 is mounted concentrically with the prechamber 401, and the contact surface is provided with a sealing ring to ensure the centering of the mounting and the sealing of the prechamber inner cavity. The adjustment valve 403 may be driven by a motor or hydraulically to move up and down to adjust the volume of the prechamber 401. The adjustment range is 0-50% of the minimum volume of the prechamber 401.

Preferably, regulating valve 403 has an ignition device, preferably a spark plug 407, mounted thereon, spark plug 407 being screwed into regulating valve 403 such that spark plug 407 remains always in the central position of prechamber 401, facilitating ignition of prechamber 401. The spark plug 407 ionizes the air between the positive and negative electrodes by a momentary high voltage, generating a spark, igniting the fuel mixture.

The main combustion chamber 7 and the pre-combustion chamber 401 are connected in a pressing mode, a first injector 11 is arranged on the main combustion chamber 7, a second injector 12 is arranged on the pre-combustion chamber 401, and the injectors are mainly used for injecting fuel into the main combustion chamber 7 or the pre-combustion chamber 401.

Preferably, in order to better fix the telescopic rods 405, one end of each telescopic rod 405 is installed on the support frame 404 through threads or welding, and the support frame 404 is fixed on the lower half part of the pre-combustion chamber 401, so that the positions of the telescopic rods 405 and the positions of the spray holes 406 are as close as possible, and the length of the telescopic rods 405 does not need to be too long, which is beneficial to saving the manufacturing cost. The telescopic rods 405 can be driven by a motor or hydraulic pressure to perform telescopic movement, and the telescopic rods 405 can be controlled independently to control the opening and closing of the spray holes 406 of each prechamber 401 independently. The extension rod 405 may extend to close the nozzle 406 and shorten to open the nozzle 406. The telescoping rod 405 can open and close specific ones of the orifices 406, thereby changing the total area of the orifices 406. In addition, the number of the telescopic rods 405 is the same as that of the spray holes 406, and the size of each telescopic rod 405 is matched with that of the corresponding spray hole 406, so that each spray hole 406 can be effectively controlled to be opened or closed, and the sealing performance during closing is also ensured.

Preferably, the number of the jet holes 406 is between 4 and 12, the jet holes 406 are cylindrical in structure, and the diameter of each jet hole 406 is between 1 and 2 mm. The jet holes 406 are communicated with the pre-combustion chamber 401 and the main combustion chamber 7, and the axis of the jet holes 406 forms a certain included angle with the central axis of the pre-combustion chamber 401. In addition, to accommodate the need for more orifices 406, the diameters of the individual orifices 406 may be non-uniform, and providing orifices 406 of different diameters may combine more types of orifice total areas.

Preferably, the cylinder cover 1 is internally provided with an air inlet passage 2 and an air outlet passage 6, the air inlet passage 2 and the air outlet passage 6 are respectively arranged at two sides of the main combustion chamber 7, and the air inlet passage 2 and the air outlet passage 6 are both of a pipeline structure in the cylinder cover 1 and can circulate air inside. An inlet valve 3 is arranged at the communication position of the inlet passage 2 and the main combustion chamber 7, and an exhaust valve 5 is arranged at the communication position of the exhaust passage 6 and the main combustion chamber 7. The air inlet valve 3 is of a lower end conical structure, the upper end of the air inlet valve is of an upper end cylindrical structure, the upper end and the lower end of the air inlet valve are fixed together through welding, the lower end face of the air inlet valve is a sealing face used for sealing air in the main combustion chamber 7, and the exhaust valve 5 is consistent with the air inlet valve 3 in structure. The intake valve 3 and the exhaust valve 5 can move up and down along the axis direction of the mounting hole, and when the intake valve 3 is opened, gas flows into the main combustion chamber 7; when the exhaust valve 5 is opened, the gas flows out of the main combustion chamber 7.

Preferably, the cylinder sleeve 8 is installed below the cylinder cover 1 through a bolt, the cylinder sleeve 8 and the main combustion chamber 7 are installed concentrically, a sealing gasket is arranged on the connection surface of the cylinder sleeve 8 and the cylinder cover 1, a piston 10 is arranged in the cylinder sleeve 8, the piston 10 and the cylinder sleeve 8 are also installed concentrically, and a plurality of sealing rings are arranged between the piston 10 and the cylinder sleeve 8 and used for sealing high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the main combustion chamber 7. In the embodiment, the cylinder cover 1, the cylinder sleeve 8 and the piston 10 are all made of metal materials through machining or casting, the cylinder sleeve 8 and the piston 10 are both of cylindrical structures, an oil ring and a gas ring are installed outside the piston 10, the upper top surface is irregular, and the lower end of the piston 10 is connected with the connecting rod 9 through a pin hole.

The working steps of this embodiment are specifically as follows:

(1) in a reciprocating four-stroke engine, in an intake stroke, an intake valve 3 moves downward, so that the intake valve 3 is opened, an exhaust valve 5 is kept closed, a piston 10 moves downward, and air is drawn into a main combustion chamber 7 through an intake passage 2. The first injector 11 injects a certain mass of fuel into the main combustion chamber 7, and the amount of injected fuel is mainly determined by factors such as a target air-fuel ratio and a load.

(2) Under the working conditions of specific rotating speed, load, excess air coefficient and the like, the regulating valve 403 is driven to move by hydraulic pressure or a motor, so that the volume of the precombustion chamber 401 reaches a specified volume V, the V value is different under different working conditions, and the optimal V value under different working conditions needs to be found through experiments according to parameters such as ignition energy requirements and the like.

(3) Under the working conditions of specific rotating speed, load, excess air coefficient and the like, the telescopic rod 405 adjusts the opening number of the spray holes 406, the opening number can be 1-12, the opening or closing of each spray hole 406 can be controlled independently, and the diameters of the spray holes 406 can be different. By controlling the opening or closing of the injection holes 406 of different diameters, the total area S of opening each injection hole 406 is adjusted. The area S reaching the designated nozzle 406 can be adjusted by the number of the opened nozzles 406 or the opening of different nozzles 406. The S value is different under different working conditions, and needs to be determined according to parameters such as flame penetration distance requirements and residual waste gas in the precombustion chamber 401, and the optimal S value under different working conditions is found through experiments.

(4) During the compression stroke, the second injector 12 on the pre-combustion chamber 401 injects a small amount of fuel into the pre-combustion chamber 401, and the mass of the injected fuel accounts for 1-2% of that of the fuel injected into the main combustion chamber 7.

(5) At the end of the compression stroke, when the piston 10 reaches the top dead center, the spark plug 407 sparks over to ignite the mixture in the pre-chamber 401, the pressure in the pre-chamber 401 rises, and the high-temperature mixture in the pre-chamber 401 is injected into the main combustion chamber 7 through the injection holes 406.

(6) A power stroke. The piston 10 moves downwards, and the high-temperature mixed gas in the main combustion chamber 7 expands to push the piston 10 to do work.

(7) In the exhaust stroke, the piston 10 moves upwards, the intake valve 3 is closed, the exhaust valve 5 is opened, and the exhaust gas in the main combustion chamber 7 is exhausted through the exhaust passage 6.

(8) And (4) repeating the processes (1) to (7) in different cycles.

In this embodiment, the telescopic link can be replaced by a sliding block, each sliding block is provided with a driving motor, sliding rails are arranged on two sides of the spray hole, the sliding block is mounted on the sliding rails, a boss matched with the spray hole is arranged at the bottom of the sliding block, the sliding block slides to the position above the spray hole on the sliding rails, the spray hole is closed by using the boss to support the spray hole, and similarly, the sliding block slides away from the position above the spray hole, namely the boss is separated from the spray hole to open the spray hole.

In conclusion, the engine precombustion chamber structure provided by the embodiment breaks through the limitation of the fixed volume and the injection hole area of the traditional precombustion chamber, the volume and the injection hole area of the precombustion chamber are adaptively adjusted under different working conditions such as load, rotating speed, excess air coefficient and effective compression ratio, and the optimal running parameters of the precombustion chamber under different working conditions are realized.

Example 2: an engine is provided.

The present embodiment provides an engine comprising a prechamber, specifically an engine prechamber structure as described in embodiment 1.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, a plurality of modifications and replacements can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and replacements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An engine prechamber arrangement, comprising:

the pre-combustion chamber component is installed on an engine cylinder cover and comprises a pre-combustion chamber, a plurality of jet holes are formed in the bottom of the pre-combustion chamber, the pre-combustion chamber is communicated with the main combustion chamber of the engine through the jet holes, and opening and closing components capable of being respectively closed or opened are arranged in the pre-combustion chamber.

2. The engine pre-combustion chamber structure of claim 1, wherein the opening and closing assembly includes a plurality of telescopic rods corresponding to the injection holes, and the telescopic rods contact with or separate from the injection holes by telescoping to close or open the injection holes.

3. The structure of the pre-combustion chamber of an engine as claimed in claim 2, wherein a support frame is provided in the pre-combustion chamber, the support frame is fixed to a lower half portion of the inside of the pre-combustion chamber, and one end of each of the telescopic rods is mounted on the support frame.

4. An engine prechamber arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that an adjustment member is slidably mounted in the prechamber for adjusting the volume of the prechamber.

5. An engine prechamber arrangement according to claim 4, characterised in that the adjustment assembly comprises an adjustment valve, the structure of which matches the structure of the prechamber.

6. An engine pre-chamber arrangement as claimed in claim 5, wherein the damper is mounted concentrically with the pre-chamber, and the interface between the damper and the pre-chamber is provided with a sealing ring.

7. An engine prechamber arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that the damper valve is fitted with a drive assembly which drives the damper valve to slide up and down in the prechamber.

8. An engine prechamber arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that the regulating valve is fitted with an ignition device, which ignition device is screwed into the regulating valve.

9. An engine prechamber arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that a second injector is arranged in the prechamber.

10. An engine comprising a cylinder head and a main combustion chamber, further comprising an engine pre-chamber structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 mounted on the cylinder head, the engine pre-chamber structure communicating with the main combustion chamber, the main combustion chamber having a first injector mounted thereon.