CN212961551U

CN212961551U - Powder preheating gas generator and corresponding powder horizontal or vertical combustion boiler

Info

Publication number: CN212961551U
Application number: CN202021992582.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘清波; 张延亮; 赵宗花
Original assignee: Yankuang Group Zhongke Cleaning Energy Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Yankuang Group Zhongke Cleaning Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-11
Filing date: 2020-09-11
Publication date: 2021-04-13
Anticipated expiration: 2030-09-11

Abstract

The utility model relates to a powder preheating gas generator and a corresponding horizontal or vertical powder combustion boiler. The operation elasticity space of current buggy preheating combustor and corresponding boiler is little, for this reason, the utility model discloses powder preheating gas generator includes preheating combustion chamber, gas-solid separator and returning charge ware, preheating combustion chamber upper portion still is equipped with top shrouding, the casing that expands and the tubular changeover portion of back taper, and this casing inner chamber cross sectional area that expands is greater than or equal to 1.3 times of fluidized bed inner chamber cross sectional area, and the height of the casing that expands is greater than or equal to 0.5 meters, and this top shrouding, the casing that expands and the tubular changeover portion of back taper form a gas-solid separation chamber in advance in fluidized bed top. The middle section of the air outlet pipe connected with the top gas outlet of the gas-solid separator can be additionally provided with an auxiliary gas-solid separator. The utility model has the advantages of the operation elasticity space is big, and easy operation is balanced, keeps after balanced easily, is fit for current various industrial boiler, power plant boiler and other boiler and uses.

Description

Powder preheating gas generator and corresponding powder horizontal or vertical combustion boiler

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a powder preheating gas generator and a corresponding powder horizontal or vertical combustion boiler (comprising a powder fuel horizontal combustion boiler and a powder fuel vertical combustion boiler).

Background

2018.03.23 entitled and announced Chinese patent with publication number CN 104791775B discloses a vertical pulverized coal boiler with a burner at the bottom, and 2015.08.12 entitled and announced Chinese utility model with publication number CN 204554755U discloses a waste heat boiler used together with the same.

The pulverized coal preheating burner disclosed in CN 104791775B comprises a preheating combustion chamber, a gas-solid separator and a material returning device which are connected in sequence, and the three form a circulating fluidized bed type gas generating device. The vertical pulverized coal boiler has the advantages of sufficient combustion, small tail gas treatment burden, high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection.

The core of the pulverized coal preheating burner is a fluidized bed structure, quartz sand is stored in the fluidized bed structure and serves as a fluidized bed bottom material, after ignition, hot quartz sand continuously rolls and flows in a preheating combustion chamber to form countless rolling and flowing fire species, pulverized coal entering the preheating combustion chamber and oxygen in primary air and powder feeding air quickly react under the guidance of the fire species, and the pulverized coal and the oxygen generate carbon monoxide under the condition of insufficient oxygen due to the fact that the pulverized coal is excessive, heat is released at the same time, the quartz sand is further heated, and the quartz sand is kept to roll at a high temperature. The generated carbon monoxide, unreacted coal dust and part of quartz sand enter a gas-solid separator, the quartz sand is separated by the gas-solid separator, then enters a material returning device through a lower solid outlet, and then returns to the preheating combustion chamber through the material returning device, and the separated gases (containing a small amount of coal dust) such as the carbon monoxide and the like enter a vertical boiler from a gas outlet at the top of the gas-solid separator, meet secondary air and tertiary air in the vertical boiler, and are fully combusted.

The pulverized coal preheating burner and the corresponding vertical boiler have the advantages of full combustion, high efficiency and environmental protection. The pulverized coal preheating burner and the corresponding vertical boiler are industrially applied in China, but have the problems of small operation elastic space, difficult establishment of material balance in operation, difficult maintenance of easy bottom material leakage after the material balance is established and the like, and are continuously improved and perfected at present.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is how to overcome current buggy preheating burner and corresponding vertical pulverized coal boiler's operation elasticity space is little, material balance is difficult to establish in the operation, difficult maintenance easily runs defects such as bed charge after material balance establishes, provide an operation elasticity space big, can maintain material balance operation's powder preheating gas generator and corresponding horizontal or vertical combustion boiler of powder (including the horizontal combustion boiler of powder fuel, the vertical combustion boiler of powder fuel) for a long time to improve the fail safe nature of boiler operation.

The inventor proves that through long-time practice and research: the internal temperature of the existing pulverized coal preheating burner is over 800 ℃, and when the fluidized bed works, the fluidized bed is influenced by primary air and pulverized coal feeding air flow and carbon monoxide air flow generated by incomplete combustion of pulverized coal, the air flow is small, and bed charge in the fluidized bed cannot effectively flow to form material circulation; the airflow is large, the bed charge blown into the gas-solid separator is excessive, and when the airflow is serious, part of the bed charge is carried into the boiler, so that the bed charge in the fluidized bed of the pulverized coal preheating burner is too little, the resistance of primary air and pulverized coal feeding air is suddenly reduced, the feeding fluctuation is too large, and the operation of the pulverized coal preheating burner is unstable. The main reasons that the existing pulverized coal preheating burner and the vertical boiler have small elastic space, the material balance is not easy to establish in operation, and the easy bottom material running is difficult to maintain after the material balance is established are that the pulverized coal preheating burner and the vertical boiler are easy to operate.

Based on the above knowledge, the utility model discloses powder preheating gas generator includes preheating combustion chamber, gas-solid separator and returning charge ware, lower part is equipped with the fluidized bed structure in the preheating combustion chamber, and its inside stores fluidized bed material, and preheating combustion chamber bottom is the back taper, and its bottom communicates with each other with the air hose, and bottom one side communicates with each other with returning charge ware end opening, the preheating combustion chamber is equipped with likepowder fuel inlet pipe and fluidized bed bottom pipe, fluidized bed bottom pipe top is equipped with the loading hopper to be equipped with the charge valve, the gas-solid separator is cyclone structure, and this gas-solid separator is equipped with import, lower part solid export and top gas outlet, the gas-solid separator import communicates with each other with preheating combustion chamber top, gas-solid separator lower part solid export communicates with each other with returning charge ware upper shed, and gas-solid separator's top gas outlet even has the outlet duct, and returning charge ware comprises one section tortuous pipeline, zigzag pipeline includes one section material of falling U-shaped and seals pipe, its characterized in that: the preheating combustion chamber is characterized in that a top sealing plate, an expansion shell and an inverted cone-shaped transition section are further arranged on the upper portion of the preheating combustion chamber, the expansion shell is cylindrical, the outer edge of the top sealing plate is welded on the upper edge of the expansion shell, an air outlet is formed in the top of the preheating combustion chamber and is communicated with an inlet of a gas-solid separator through the air outlet, the lower edge of the expansion shell is welded on the outer edge of the large end of the inverted cone-shaped transition section, the outer edge of the small end of the inverted cone-shaped transition section is welded on the side wall of a fluidized bed at the middle lower portion of the preheating combustion chamber, the cross section area of an inner cavity of the expansion shell is more than or equal to 1.3 times of that of the cross section area of the inner cavity of the fluidized bed, the height of the expansion shell is more than or equal.

According to the structure design, the fuel powder and oxygen react at high temperature in the fluidized bed to generate coal gas, and before entering the gas-solid pre-separation chamber, the coal gas reacts to form coal gas mixed gas (mainly carbon monoxide and nitrogen), the coal gas mixed gas is mixed with more bed charge and unburned fuel powder and enters the gas-solid pre-separation chamber together, according to the fluid principle, the cross section area is enlarged, the flow velocity of the coal gas mixed gas is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the density of the coal gas mixed gas is greatly reduced. The bottom material and unburned fuel powder carried by the gas mixture are influenced by the blowing and supporting force of the gas mixture, the air flow speed is greatly reduced, most of the air flow falls back into the fluidized bed under the action of the gravity of the air flow speed, and then the air flow speed is blown up by primary air and powder feeding air again, so that the air flow speed continuously rolls and flows.

On one hand, the retaining quantity of effective bottom materials in the fluidized bed is maintained, and the fluidized bed operates more stably; on the other hand, the bed charge entering the gas-solid separator is reduced, and the workload of the gas-solid separator is lightened, thereby being more beneficial to the stable operation of the powder preheating gas generator.

Preferably, the device also comprises an auxiliary gas-solid separator, the auxiliary gas-solid separator is arranged on the air outlet pipe, the auxiliary gas-solid separator comprises an expansion shell, the cross section area of an inner cavity of the expansion shell is more than or equal to 1.3 times of that of the inner cavity of the air outlet pipe, and the height of the expansion shell is more than or equal to 0.5 m.

The design is that the gas mixture (mainly carbon monoxide and nitrogen) separated from the gas-solid separator firstly enters the gas outlet pipe after passing through the gas outlet at the top, and then enters the expansion shell of the auxiliary gas-solid separator, because the cross section area of the inner cavity of the expansion shell is more than or equal to 1.3 times of the cross section area of the gas outlet pipe, according to the fluid principle, the flow rate of the gas mixture is reduced, simultaneously, the gas density is greatly reduced, the bed charge and the unburned fuel powder carried by the gas mixture are also greatly reduced by the blowing force of the gas mixture, the blowing force is not enough to overcome the gravity of the bed charge and the unburned fuel powder carried by the gas mixture, the bed charge and the unburned fuel powder fall back into the gas-solid separator under the action of gravity, thereby reducing or avoiding the problem of unstable operation caused by bed charge loss, and the fuel powder can also pass through the gas-solid separator and the material returning device, and returning to the preheating combustion chamber again to react with oxygen to generate coal gas.

Preferably, the side wall of the top of the expanded shell is provided with an air outlet groove, the top sealing plate and the air outlet groove enclose the air outlet, the auxiliary gas-solid separator further comprises an annular top sealing plate and a reverse taper tubular transition section, the expanded shell is cylindrical, the outer edge of the annular top sealing plate is welded on the upper edge of the expanded shell, the inner edge of the annular top sealing plate is welded on an air outlet pipe above the auxiliary gas-solid separator, the lower edge of the expanded shell is welded on the outer edge of the large end of the reverse taper tubular transition section, and the outer edge of the small end of the reverse taper tubular transition section is welded on the air outlet pipe below the auxiliary gas-solid separator. The design is simple in structure and convenient to weld, and simultaneously, the bottom material separated from the expanded shell falls back to the gas-solid separator more easily under the guide of the inverted cone-shaped transition section.

The powder preheating coal gas generator has better heat storage property, and anthracite which can not be combusted by a conventional pulverized coal boiler, washed coal slurry dry powder of a coal preparation plant, blue carbon powder with lower volatile matter, gasification furnace ash or semicoke or other powdery solid wastes with a certain heat value can be stably ignited and combusted in the powder preheating coal gas generator and the boiler thereof.

The utility model discloses an introduce gas-solid pre-separation room and/or supplementary gas-solid separation ware, greatly improved the operation elasticity and the stationarity of powder preheating burner to improve the whole fail safe nature of this kind of fuel preheating burner and likepowder fuel horizontal combustion boiler or likepowder fuel vertical combustion boiler system.

The utility model discloses powder preheating gas generator is connected with horizontal powdered fuel boiler or vertical powdered fuel boiler coupling. The quantity of the bottom material and the feeding quantity of the powdery fuel of the powder preheating gas generator are matched with the capacity of a horizontal powdery fuel boiler or a vertical powdery fuel boiler and the characteristics of the powdery fuel for combustion.

The utility model discloses horizontal combustion boiler of powder includes horizontal boiler body, and this horizontal boiler body one end is the feed end, and the feed end is equipped with the feed inlet, and the other end is equipped with afterbody flue, its characterized in that: the horizontal boiler comprises a horizontal boiler body and is characterized in that a secondary air box is arranged in the center of the side wall of the feeding end of the horizontal boiler body, the outside of the secondary air box is communicated with a secondary air pipe, a plurality of secondary air nozzles communicated with the secondary air box are arranged inside the horizontal boiler body, and the feeding port is connected with the powder preheating gas generator. By the design, the operation elasticity of the powder preheating burner is improved through the gas-solid pre-separating chamber and/or the auxiliary gas-solid separator, so that the horizontal boiler is easier to balance during operation and easier to maintain after balance.

Preferably, a plurality of burnout air pipes are arranged on the side wall of the horizontal boiler body, the burnout air pipes are uniformly distributed on the horizontal boiler body, all the burnout air pipes are communicated with the burnout air main pipe, and a special burnout fan (or called a tertiary fan) is arranged on the burnout air main pipe or the burnout air main pipe is led out from the secondary air duct main pipe or the secondary air box. The design has the advantages of sufficient combustion, less harmful substances in tail gas, energy conservation and environmental protection.

The utility model discloses vertical combustion boiler of powder, including vertical boiler body, this vertical boiler body lower extreme is the feed end, and the feed end is equipped with feed inlet, its characterized in that: the feed inlet of the vertical boiler body is connected with the powder preheating gas generator.

The utility model discloses the operation elasticity space of horizontal or vertical burning boiler of powder preheating gas generator and corresponding powder is big, moves easily balanced, keeps easily after balanced, can burn except that conventional pulverized coal boiler fires the bituminous coal of usefulness, still can stably fire anthracite, coal preparation plant wash the dry powder of coal slime, blue powdered carbon, gasification stove lime-ash, semicoke powder, or other likepowder solid waste who has certain calorific value, is fit for current various industrial boiler, power station boiler and other boiler uses.

Drawings

The powder preheating gas generator and the corresponding powder horizontal or vertical combustion boiler of the utility model are further explained with the attached drawings as follows:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the pulverized coal-preheating gas generator (in the figure, the arrow direction is the falling direction of the quartz sand);

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the pulverized coal-preheating gas generator (in the figure, the arrow direction indicates the falling direction of the silica sand);

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of third and fourth embodiments of the horizontal pulverized material boiler;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of the present pulverized fuel vertical boiler.

In the figure: 1 is a preheating combustion chamber, 11 is a fluidized bed, 2 is a gas-solid separator, 3 is a return feeder, 31 is an inverted U-shaped material sealing pipe, 4 is a fluidized bed bottom material, 5 is a primary air pipe, 6 is a fuel powder feeding pipe, 7 is a feeding pipe, 8 is a feeding hopper, 9 is a feeding valve, 10 is an air outlet pipe, 12 is an auxiliary gas-solid separator, 121 is an expanding shell, 122 is an annular top sealing plate, 123 is an inverted cone-shaped transition section, 124 is an air outlet groove, 13 is a top sealing plate, 14 is a gas-solid preseparating chamber, 15 is a horizontal boiler body, 16 is a tail flue, 17 is a secondary air box, 18 is a secondary air pipe, 19 is a secondary air nozzle, 20 is a burn-out air pipe, and 21 is a vertical boiler body.

Detailed Description

The first implementation mode comprises the following steps: as shown in figure 1, the utility model discloses powder preheating gas generator includes preheating combustion chamber 1, gas-solid separator 2 and returning charge ware 3, the lower part is equipped with fluidized bed 11 structure in preheating combustion chamber 1, and its inside stores fluidized bed material 4, and preheating combustion chamber 1 bottom is the back taper, and its bottom communicates with each other with air hose 5, and bottom one side communicates with each other with returning charge ware 3 end, preheating combustion chamber 1 is equipped with powdered fuel inlet pipe 6 and fluidized bed material pipe 7, fluidized bed material pipe 7 top is equipped with loading hopper 8 to be equipped with charge valve 9, gas-solid separator 2 is cyclone separator structure, and this gas-solid separator 2 is equipped with import, lower part solid export and top gas outlet, gas-solid separator 2 import communicates with preheating combustion chamber 1 top, gas-solid separator 2 lower part solid export communicates with returning charge ware 3 upper mouth, and gas-solid separator 2's top gas outlet even has outlet duct 10, the return feeder 3 comprises a section of zigzag pipeline, and the zigzag pipeline comprises a section of inverted U-shaped material sealing pipe 31, and is characterized in that: the preheating combustion chamber 1 is further provided with a top sealing plate 13, an expanded shell 121 and a reversed cone-shaped transition section 123 at the upper part, the expanded shell 121 is cylindrical, the outer edge of the top sealing plate 13 is welded at the upper edge of the expanded shell 121, the top of the preheating combustion chamber 1 is provided with an air outlet which is communicated with an inlet of the gas-solid separator 2, the lower edge of the expanded shell 121 is welded at the outer edge of the large end of the reversed cone-shaped transition section 123, the outer edge of the small end of the reversed cone-shaped transition section 123 is welded on the side wall of the fluidized bed 11 at the middle lower part of the preheating combustion chamber 1, the cross section area of the inner cavity of the expanded shell 121 is more than or equal to 1.3 times of that of the cross section area of the inner cavity of the fluidized bed 11, the height of the expanded shell 121 is more than or equal to 0.5 m, and the top sealing plate 13, the expanded shell 121.

The second embodiment: as shown in fig. 2, it further comprises an auxiliary gas-solid separator 12, the auxiliary gas-solid separator 12 is arranged on the outlet pipe 10, the auxiliary gas-solid separator 12 comprises an expanded shell 121, the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the expanded shell 121 is more than or equal to 1.3 times of the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the outlet pipe 10, and the height of the expanded shell 121 is more than or equal to 0.5 m.

The side wall of the top of the expanded casing 121 is provided with an air outlet groove 124, the top sealing plate 13 and the air outlet groove 124 define an air outlet, the auxiliary gas-solid separator 12 further comprises an annular top sealing plate 122 and a reverse tapered tubular transition section 123, the expanded casing 121 is cylindrical, the outer edge of the annular top sealing plate 122 is welded on the upper edge of the expanded casing 121, the inner edge of the annular top sealing plate 122 is welded on the air outlet pipe 10 above the auxiliary gas-solid separator 12, the lower edge of the expanded casing 121 is welded on the outer edge of the large end of the reverse tapered tubular transition section 123, and the outer edge of the small end of the reverse tapered tubular transition section 123 is welded on the air outlet pipe 10 below the auxiliary gas-solid separator 12. The rest of the structure is as shown in the first embodiment, but omitted.

The third embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 3, the utility model discloses horizontal combustion boiler of powder includes horizontal boiler body 15, and this 15 one end of horizontal boiler body is the feed end, and the feed end is equipped with the feed inlet, and the other end is equipped with afterbody flue 16, its characterized in that: a secondary air box 17 is arranged in the center of the side wall of the feeding end of the horizontal boiler body 15, the outside of the secondary air box 17 is communicated with a secondary air pipe 18, a plurality of secondary air nozzles 19 communicated with the secondary air box 17 are arranged in the horizontal boiler body 15, and the feeding port is connected with the powder preheating gas generator in the first or second embodiment mode, but not in the first embodiment mode.

The fourth embodiment: as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of burnout air pipes 20 are disposed on the side wall of the horizontal boiler body 15, the burnout air pipes 20 are uniformly distributed on the horizontal boiler body 15, all the burnout air pipes 20 are communicated with a burnout air main pipe (not shown), a dedicated burnout fan (or called a tertiary fan) (not shown) is disposed on the burnout air main pipe, or the burnout air main pipe is led out from a secondary air main pipe or a secondary air box, and the rest of the structure is as shown in the third embodiment.

The fifth embodiment: the utility model discloses vertical combustion boiler of powder, including vertical boiler body 21, this vertical boiler body 21 lower extreme is the feed end, and the feed end is equipped with feed inlet, its characterized in that: the feed inlet of the vertical boiler body 21 is connected with the powder preheating gas generator according to one or two embodiments, as shown in fig. 4. Of course, the fuel inlets of the vertical combustion boiler body 21 may be introduced from both sides of the furnace, which is not shown.

The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments, and any device that meets the description of the claims of the present invention all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A powder preheating gas generator comprises a preheating combustion chamber, a gas-solid separator and a material returning device, wherein a fluidized bed structure is arranged at the middle lower part of the preheating combustion chamber, a fluidized bed bottom material is stored in the preheating combustion chamber, the bottom of the preheating combustion chamber is in an inverted cone shape, the bottom end of the preheating combustion chamber is communicated with a primary air pipe, one side of the bottom of the preheating combustion chamber is communicated with a lower opening of the material returning device, the preheating combustion chamber is provided with a powdery fuel feeding pipe and a fluidized bed bottom material pipe, the top of the fluidized bed bottom material pipe is provided with a feeding hopper and a feeding valve, the gas-solid separator is of a cyclone separator structure and is provided with an inlet, a lower solid outlet and a top gas outlet, the inlet of the gas-solid separator is communicated with the top of the preheating combustion chamber, the lower solid outlet of the gas-solid separator is communicated with an upper opening of the material returning device, the, zigzag pipeline includes one section material of falling U-shaped and seals pipe, its characterized in that: the preheating combustion chamber is characterized in that a top sealing plate, an expansion shell and an inverted cone-shaped transition section are further arranged on the upper portion of the preheating combustion chamber, the expansion shell is cylindrical, the outer edge of the top sealing plate is welded on the upper edge of the expansion shell, an air outlet is formed in the top of the preheating combustion chamber and is communicated with an inlet of a gas-solid separator through the air outlet, the lower edge of the expansion shell is welded on the outer edge of the large end of the inverted cone-shaped transition section, the outer edge of the small end of the inverted cone-shaped transition section is welded on the side wall of a fluidized bed at the middle lower portion of the preheating combustion chamber, the cross section area of an inner cavity of the expansion shell is more than or equal to 1.3 times of that of the cross section area of the inner cavity of the fluidized bed, the height of the expansion shell is more than or equal.

2. The pulverized coal preheated gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gas-solid separator comprises an expansion shell, the cross section area of the inner cavity of the expansion shell is more than or equal to 1.3 times of that of the inner cavity of the gas outlet pipe, and the height of the expansion shell is more than or equal to 0.5 m.

3. The pulverized coal preheated gasifier as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the auxiliary gas-solid separator comprises an expansion shell, a top sealing plate and an auxiliary gas-solid separator, wherein the side wall of the top of the expansion shell is provided with a gas outlet groove, the top sealing plate and the gas outlet groove enclose a gas outlet, the auxiliary gas-solid separator further comprises an annular top sealing plate and an inverted cone-shaped transition section, the expansion shell is cylindrical, the outer edge of the annular top sealing plate is welded on the upper edge of the expansion shell, the inner edge of the annular top sealing plate is welded on a gas outlet pipe above the auxiliary gas-solid separator, the lower edge of the expansion shell is welded on the outer edge of the large end of the inverted cone-shaped transition section, and the outer edge of the.

4. The utility model provides a horizontal combustion boiler of powder, includes horizontal boiler body, and this horizontal boiler body one end is the feed end, and the feed end is equipped with the feed inlet, and the other end is equipped with afterbody flue, its characterized in that: the horizontal boiler is characterized in that a secondary air box is arranged in the center of the side wall of the feeding end of the horizontal boiler body, the outer part of the secondary air box is communicated with a secondary air pipe, a plurality of secondary air nozzles communicated with the secondary air box are arranged in the horizontal boiler body, and the feeding port is connected with the powder preheating gas generator as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3.

5. The horizontal pulverized material combustion boiler as set forth in claim 4, wherein: be equipped with a plurality of ashes of burning tuber pipes on the horizontal boiler body lateral wall, above-mentioned ashes of burning tuber pipe evenly distributed is on the horizontal boiler body, and all ashes of burning tuber pipes all communicate with each other with the ashes of burning tuber pipe house steward, are equipped with dedicated ashes of burning fan on the ashes of burning tuber pipe house steward, perhaps the ashes of burning tuber pipe house steward is drawn forth from secondary air duct house steward or secondary bellows.

6. The utility model provides a vertical combustion boiler of powder, includes vertical boiler body, and this vertical boiler body lower extreme is the feed end, and the feed end is equipped with feed inlet, its characterized in that: the powder preheating gas generator of claim 1, 2 or 3 is connected to the feed inlet of the vertical boiler body.