CN212837985U - Electrolytic aluminum cell side wall waste heat recovery system - Google Patents

Electrolytic aluminum cell side wall waste heat recovery system Download PDF

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CN212837985U
CN212837985U CN202020341316.8U CN202020341316U CN212837985U CN 212837985 U CN212837985 U CN 212837985U CN 202020341316 U CN202020341316 U CN 202020341316U CN 212837985 U CN212837985 U CN 212837985U
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side wall
subsystem
evaporator
water
heat
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***
冯一
孙立成
莫政宇
刘洪涛
李存宝
李碧雄
高明忠
莫思特
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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Abstract

The utility model discloses an electrolytic aluminum tank side wall waste heat recovery system, which comprises a water closed circulation subsystem and an organic Rankine cycle subsystem, wherein the water closed circulation subsystem is connected with an evaporator in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem; the water closed circulation subsystem is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank and is used for carrying out heat exchange with the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank; the organic Rankine cycle subsystem is used for enabling the organic cycle working medium in the evaporator to be heated and evaporated after the evaporator absorbs the heat of the water closed cycle subsystem, generating steam to drive a generator in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem to generate power, reducing the temperature, the pressure and the condensation of the steam, and then conveying the steam to the evaporator so as to reenter the next heat absorption-heat release cycle. The utility model discloses can realize carrying out recycle, simultaneous utilization to electrolytic aluminum groove limit wall waste heat thermoelectric conversion module directly turns into the electric energy with partial waste heat, and then improves the whole recovery efficiency of system.

Description

Electrolytic aluminum cell side wall waste heat recovery system
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of energy conservation, in particular to an electrolytic aluminum cell side wall waste heat recovery system.
Background
The current electrolytic aluminum production capacity in China is more than 3000 million tons per year, the electrolytic method is mostly adopted for production, and the temperature in an electrolytic cell is up to 950-970 ℃ during production. The electrolytic aluminum production process requires that the electrochemical reaction must be carried out at a uniform and stable working temperature, so that a certain heat dissipation area is arranged around the electrolytic cell for heat dissipation to ensure the temperature stability in the cell. The side wall temperature of the electrolytic cell can reach 300-350 ℃ in the production process, the heat is mainly radiated to workshops in the radiation and natural convection mode, the temperature of a passageway between two electrolytic aluminum cells is usually over 60 ℃ in summer, the working environment of workers is extremely severe, and meanwhile, a large amount of electric energy is dissipated in the form of heat energy, so that a large amount of energy is wasted.
At present, only a few of aluminum electrolysis enterprises recover the waste heat in the flue gas of the aluminum electrolysis cell, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is generally arranged on a flue, water is generally arranged in a heat exchanger tube, the waste heat of the flue gas is utilized to heat the water, and hot water is used for bathing or heating, so that the waste heat is recovered and utilized. The waste heat in the flue gas is only about 30% of the waste heat of the electrolytic aluminum cell generally, and about 70% of the waste heat is not recycled, so that the serious waste of energy is caused.
Thus, there is still a need for improvement and development of the prior art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model lies in providing an electrolytic aluminum groove limit wall waste heat recovery system to the above-mentioned defect of prior art, aim at solving among the prior art to the not high problem of electrolytic aluminum groove waste heat utilization rate.
The utility model provides a technical scheme that the problem adopted as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electrolytic aluminum cell sidewall waste heat recovery system, wherein the system includes a water closed cycle subsystem and an organic rankine cycle subsystem, and the water closed cycle subsystem is connected to an evaporator in the organic rankine cycle subsystem;
the heat exchange unit of the water closed circulation subsystem is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank and is used for exchanging heat with the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank;
the organic Rankine cycle subsystem is used for enabling the organic cycle working medium in the evaporator to be heated and evaporated after the evaporator absorbs the heat of the water closed cycle subsystem, generating steam to drive a generator in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem to generate power, returning the steam to the evaporator to be evaporated again after the steam is cooled, depressurized and condensed, and starting the next cycle.
In one embodiment, the water closed-loop circulation subsystem comprises a heat exchange unit disposed on the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum cell; the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are arranged along the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank and connected with the heat exchange unit; the first pump is connected with the water inlet pipe and is connected with the evaporator through a pipeline; the water outlet pipe is connected with the evaporator.
In one embodiment, the heat exchange unit is provided in plurality, and the water inlet pipes flowing into each heat exchange unit are connected in parallel, and the water outlet pipes flowing out of each heat exchange unit are connected in parallel.
In one embodiment, the water closed circulation subsystem uses water as a heat exchange working medium, and the water flows in from the water inlet pipe and flows out from the water outlet pipe.
In one embodiment, the water temperature in the piping of the water closed cycle subsystem is less than 100 ℃.
In one embodiment, a thermoelectric module is further arranged between the heat exchange unit and the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell, and the thermoelectric module is used for directly converting heat energy into electric energy by using the temperature difference between the heat exchange unit and the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell.
In one embodiment, the organic rankine cycle subsystem further comprises: the turbine is connected with the evaporator through a pipeline; a generator connected to the turbine; the condenser is connected with the turbine through a pipeline; the second pump is connected with the condenser through a pipeline; the second pump is connected with the evaporator through a pipeline.
In one embodiment, the organic cycle working medium in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem is a low-temperature working medium.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a set up water closed circulation subsystem on electrolytic aluminum groove limit wall, through circulating water among the water closed circulation subsystem is followed absorption heat intensification on the electrolytic aluminum groove limit wall, circulation to evaporimeter back, the organic cycle working medium of low temperature in the organic rankine cycle subsystem of heating in the evaporimeter, then utilize the steam that the evaporimeter produced makes organic cycle working medium in the evaporimeter intensification evaporation, and drive generator electricity generation realizes carrying out recycle to electrolytic aluminum groove limit wall waste heat, and the utilization efficiency is high. And the utility model provides an organic rankine cycle subsystem still will steam cooling step down the decompression and condense the back, return the evaporimeter evaporates the heat absorption once more, and then reaches the circulation heat transfer purpose.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat recovery system for the side wall of an aluminum electrolysis cell provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of a heat exchanger in an aluminum electrolysis cell side wall waste heat recovery system provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view a in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as upper, lower, left, right, front and rear … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the motion situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In the prior art, when the waste heat of the electrolytic aluminum tank is recovered, the waste heat in the flue gas is mainly recovered, and the waste heat is only used for heat supply or bathing. However, the residual heat in the flue gas is only about 30% of the residual heat of the electrolytic aluminum cell, and about 70% of the residual heat is not recovered and utilized. Generally, the power consumption of the electrolytic aluminum industry accounts for about 5% of the national power generation amount, about half of the power consumption is lost in the form of heat energy, and the waste heat of the electrolytic aluminum industry is still very severe.
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the present embodiment provides an aluminum electrolysis cell sidewall waste heat recovery system, as shown in fig. 1 specifically, the system includes: a water-closed cycle subsystem 100 and an organic Rankine cycle subsystem 300, wherein the water-closed cycle subsystem 100 is connected to the evaporator 200 in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem 300. The organic rankine cycle subsystem 300 in the present embodiment utilizes the operating principle of the organic rankine cycle to convert thermal energy into electric energy. The working principle of the organic Rankine cycle is as follows: the low-temperature organic working medium is heated into steam with certain temperature and pressure, and then the steam enters an expansion machine to push a rotor to work, and meanwhile, the temperature and the pressure are reduced. Therefore, in this embodiment, the water closed-loop circulation subsystem 100 is disposed on the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell 10 for performing heat exchange with the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell 10, that is, the water closed-loop circulation subsystem 100 in this embodiment will extract heat from the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell 10 and then transfer the heat to the evaporator 200 through circulating water, and the low-temperature organic working medium in the evaporator 200 will absorb the heat of the water closed-loop circulation subsystem 100 and convert the heat into steam. Since the organic rankine cycle subsystem 300 in the embodiment is also connected to the evaporator 200, the low-temperature organic working medium of the organic rankine cycle subsystem 300 generates steam under the heating effect of the evaporator, and the steam can be used to drive the generator 400 in the organic rankine cycle subsystem 300, so that the generator 400 generates electricity, thereby converting thermal energy into electric energy for factory production or sending into a power grid, and realizing utilization of the waste heat of the aluminum electrolysis bath 10, which is higher than the prior art in terms of the utilization rate of the waste heat, and the thermal energy is converted into other forms of energy (i.e., electric energy) in the embodiment, rather than just collecting the heat (i.e., for heating or bathing) as in the prior art, and the conversion of the thermal energy is not realized.
Further, since the orc subsystem 300 in this embodiment is also a single cycle system, the orc subsystem 300 also cools, depressurizes, condenses, and returns the steam to the evaporator 200, and the steam is heated and evaporated again in the evaporator 200 by the heat generated by the closed-water cycle subsystem 100, that is, enters the next cycle, thereby realizing cycle heat exchange.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the water closed-type circulation subsystem 100 includes a heat exchange unit 20 (shown in fig. 2) disposed on a side wall of the electrolytic aluminum cell 10; a water inlet pipe 30 and a water outlet pipe 40 which are arranged along the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank 10 and connected with the heat exchange unit 20; a first pump 50 connected to the water inlet pipe 30, wherein the first pump 50 is connected to the evaporator 200 through a pipeline; the water outlet pipe 40 is connected to the evaporator 200. As can be seen in fig. 1 and 2, the water closed cycle subsystem 100 is a closed cycle system. The working medium in the closed water circulation subsystem 100 is circulating water, the water inlet pipe 30 and the water outlet pipe 40 are arranged around the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank 10, the water is provided with circulating pressure by the first pump 50, then the water flows into the heat exchanger 20 from the water inlet pipe 30 (the direction of the arrow in fig. 1 and fig. 2 is the water flow direction), the heat exchanger 20 is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank 10, heat can be absorbed from the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank 10, heat exchange is realized, then the water flows out from the water outlet pipe 40 and flows to the evaporator 200, the heat of the water can be absorbed by the evaporator 200, the organic circulation working medium in the evaporator 200 can be heated conveniently, steam is generated, the generator 400 in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem 300 is driven to generate electricity, then the water returns to the first pump 50, and the first pump 50 controls the water to enter the heat exchanger 20 from the water inlet pipe 30, and realizing circulating heat exchange. Of course, in order to better realize the heat exchange, the heat exchanger 20, the water inlet pipe 30 and the water outlet pipe 40 in the embodiment are all arranged in close contact with the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum cell 10 or the gap is small, so that the heat loss is avoided and the heat is absorbed by the heat exchanger 20 to the maximum.
In one implementation, the heat exchanger 20 is provided in plurality, and the inlet pipes 30 flowing into the respective heat exchange units 20 are connected in parallel, and the outlet pipes 40 flowing out of the respective heat exchange units 20 are connected in parallel. As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, a plurality of heat exchangers 20 are disposed on the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell 10, and each heat exchanger 20 is connected to the water inlet pipe 30 and the water outlet pipe 40 through a pipeline, so that the circulation flow rate of each heat exchange unit 20 can be controlled individually, thereby ensuring that the water is always in a liquid state. In this embodiment, each heat exchange unit 20 is connected to the water inlet pipe 30 and the water outlet pipe 40 respectively to form a parallel connection structure, and compared with the series connection, the parallel connection ensures that the circulation flow of each heat exchange unit 20 can be controlled independently, the heat exchange uniformity and the overall heat exchange efficiency are higher, and the temperature of each position of the electrolytic aluminum cell 10 can be relatively uniform. Because the water closed circulation subsystem 100 of the embodiment uses water as a heat exchange working medium, mainly considering that operators are around the electrolytic aluminum tank, if high-temperature high-pressure steam is used as the heat exchange working medium, the water in the pipeline is lower than 100 ℃, once leakage occurs, life safety of the workers can be threatened, meanwhile, the specific heat capacity of the water is large, and the heat carried by the water at the same temperature rise is larger than that carried by other working media.
It should be noted that, the shape, size and material of the heat exchanger 20 are not limited in this embodiment, and the shape, size and material of the heat exchanger 20 can be adjusted according to actual situations, and various types of heat exchangers 20 are within the protection range.
Further, in the embodiment, a thermoelectric module 60 is further disposed between the heat exchange unit 20 and the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell 10, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, since the thermoelectric module 60 is disposed between the heat exchange unit 20 and the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell 10, after the heat exchanger 20 absorbs heat from the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell 10, the thermoelectric module 60 is used for directly converting the heat energy into electric energy by using the temperature difference between the heat exchange unit 20 and the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell 10, so as to improve the overall thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the system. Likewise, the shape, size and material of the thermoelectric module 60 are not limited in this embodiment, the shape, size and material of the thermoelectric module 60 can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and various types of thermoelectric modules 60 are within the protection range.
The orc subsystem 300 in this embodiment further includes: a turbine 70 connected to the evaporator 200 through a pipeline; a condenser 80 connected to the turbine 70 through a pipe; a second pump 90 connected to the condenser 80 through a pipe; the second pump 90 is connected to the evaporator 200 through a pipe, and the turbine 70 is connected to the generator 400. The turbine 70 in this embodiment is a machine that converts energy contained in a fluid medium into mechanical work, and is also called a turbine. When the evaporator 200 sends the power to the turbine 70, the turbine 70 is driven to rotate, and the generator 400 is driven to work by the turbine 70, so as to generate power. Because the turbine 70 is driven by steam, the steam flows to the condenser 80 after passing through the turbine 70, is condensed into a liquid working medium through the cooling and condensing effects of the condenser 80, and is then sent to the evaporator 200 by the second pump 90, and is heated and evaporated again in the evaporator 200 by the heat generated by the water-closed circulation subsystem 100 to enter the next circulation, so that the circulation heat exchange is realized.
The working principle of the organic Rankine cycle is as follows: the low-temperature working medium is heated into high-temperature high-pressure steam, and then the high-temperature high-pressure steam enters an expansion machine to push a rotor to work, and meanwhile, the temperature is reduced and the pressure is reduced. In this embodiment, steam is provided to drive the rotation of the turbine 70. In the embodiment, the organic rankine cycle subsystem 300 adopts a low-temperature organic working medium, such as R123 (freon 123), the low-temperature working medium absorbs heat discharged from the water closed cycle subsystem 100 in the evaporator 20, then is heated and evaporated, then enters the turbine 70 to perform expansion and work to drive the generator 400 to generate power, and enters the condenser to be cooled and condensed after being cooled and depressurized, and then is sent to the evaporator 300 again by the second pump 90 to perform the next cycle.
Therefore, in the embodiment, the water closed circulation subsystem is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank, circulating water in the water closed circulation subsystem absorbs heat from the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank to raise the temperature, the circulating water circulates to the evaporator, low-temperature organic circulating working media in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem are heated in the evaporator, then steam generated by the evaporator is utilized to raise the temperature of the organic circulating working media in the evaporator to evaporate, the generator is driven to generate electricity, the waste heat of the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank is recycled, and the utilization efficiency is high. And the utility model provides an organic rankine cycle subsystem still will heat up the organic cycle working medium cooling after the evaporation step-down after condensing, returns the evaporimeter evaporates the heat absorption once more, and then reaches the circulation heat transfer purpose.
Based on the embodiment, the utility model also provides an electrolytic aluminum cell side wall waste heat recovery method, the utensil the method includes following steps:
circulating water in a water closed type circulation subsystem arranged on the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell absorbs heat from the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell and is conveyed to an evaporator in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem;
after the evaporator connected with the water closed circulation subsystem absorbs the heat of the water closed circulation subsystem, the organic circulation working medium in the evaporator is heated and evaporated to generate steam to drive a generator in the organic Rankine circulation subsystem to generate power;
and the organic Rankine cycle subsystem cools the steam of the organic cycle working medium after being heated and evaporated, reduces the pressure and condenses, returns to the evaporator, evaporates again and starts the next cycle.
Specifically, in this embodiment, circulating water in the water closed cycle subsystem absorbs heat from the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank and transmits the heat to the evaporator, and then the organic cycle working medium in the evaporator is heated and evaporated after the heat of the water closed cycle subsystem is absorbed by the evaporator through the organic rankine cycle subsystem, so as to generate steam to drive the generator to generate power, thereby recycling the waste heat of the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank and achieving high utilization efficiency. And in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem, the organic working medium steam is cooled, depressurized and condensed, and then returns to the evaporator to re-enter the next cycle and achieve the purpose of circulating heat exchange. In addition, the water closed circulation subsystem in the embodiment comprises a heat exchange unit arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank, and a thermoelectric module is also arranged between the heat exchange unit and the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank; the thermoelectric module converts heat energy into electric energy by utilizing the temperature difference between the heat exchange unit and the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank, so that the overall thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the system can be improved.
To sum up, the utility model discloses an electrolytic aluminum groove limit wall waste heat recovery system, the system includes: the system comprises a water closed cycle subsystem, an evaporator and an organic Rankine cycle subsystem, wherein the water closed cycle subsystem is connected with the organic Rankine cycle subsystem through the evaporator; the water closed circulation subsystem is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank and is used for carrying out heat exchange with the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank; the organic Rankine cycle subsystem is used for enabling the organic cycle working medium in the evaporator to be heated and evaporated after the evaporator absorbs the heat of the water closed cycle subsystem, generating steam to drive a generator in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem to generate power, reducing the temperature, reducing the pressure and condensing the steam, and then conveying the steam to the evaporator to enter the next cycle again. The utility model discloses a water closed circulation subsystem absorbs the heat from electrolytic aluminum groove limit wall to send to the evaporimeter, then utilize the steam that the evaporimeter produced to drive the generator electricity generation through organic rankine cycle subsystem, realize carrying out recycle to electrolytic aluminum groove limit wall waste heat, and recovery efficiency is high.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings, and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The system is characterized by comprising a water closed cycle subsystem and an organic Rankine cycle subsystem, wherein the water closed cycle subsystem is connected with an evaporator in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem;
the water closed circulation subsystem is arranged on the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank and is used for carrying out heat exchange with the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank;
the organic Rankine cycle subsystem is used for enabling the organic cycle working medium in the evaporator to be heated and evaporated after the evaporator absorbs the heat of the water closed cycle subsystem, generating steam to drive a generator in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem to generate power, returning the steam to the evaporator to be evaporated again after the steam is cooled, depressurized and condensed, and starting the next cycle.
2. The system for recovering the waste heat of the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water closed circulation subsystem comprises a heat exchange unit arranged on the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell; the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are arranged along the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum tank and connected with the heat exchange unit; the first pump is connected with the water inlet pipe and is connected with the evaporator through a pipeline; the water outlet pipe is connected with the evaporator.
3. The system for recovering the waste heat of the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heat exchange units are provided in plurality, and the water inlet pipes flowing into each heat exchange unit are connected in parallel, and the water outlet pipes flowing out of each heat exchange unit are connected in parallel.
4. The system for recovering the waste heat of the side wall of the electrolytic aluminum cell as recited in claim 2, wherein the water closed circulation subsystem uses water as a heat exchange working medium, and the water flows in from the water inlet pipe and flows out from the water outlet pipe.
5. The system for recovering the waste heat of the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water temperature in the pipeline of the water closed circulation subsystem is lower than 100 ℃.
6. The system for recovering the waste heat of the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 2, wherein a thermoelectric module is further arranged between the heat exchange unit and the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell, and the thermoelectric module is used for directly converting heat energy into electric energy by utilizing the temperature difference between the heat exchange unit and the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell.
7. The aluminum electrolysis cell sidewall waste heat recovery system of claim 1, wherein the organic rankine cycle subsystem further comprises: the turbine is connected with the evaporator through a pipeline; a generator connected to the turbine; the condenser is connected with the turbine through a pipeline; the second pump is connected with the condenser through a pipeline; the second pump is connected with the evaporator through a pipeline.
8. The aluminum electrolysis cell side wall waste heat recovery system of claim 7, wherein the organic cycle working medium in the organic Rankine cycle subsystem is a low temperature working medium.
CN202020341316.8U 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 Electrolytic aluminum cell side wall waste heat recovery system Active CN212837985U (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111396164A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-07-10 深圳大学 System and method for recycling waste heat of side wall of electrolytic aluminum cell

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111396164A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-07-10 深圳大学 System and method for recycling waste heat of side wall of electrolytic aluminum cell

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