CN212771953U - No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system of continuous beam - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system of continuous beam, it includes: the high-strength creeping cones are respectively embedded at two opposite sides of the pier body, a plurality of high-strength creeping cones are embedded at a first position and a second position of each side of the pier body, and the first position is positioned right below the second position; the hinged support is fixedly connected with the high-strength creeping cone at the first position through a bolt; the bracket is fixedly connected with the high-strength creeping cone at the second position through a bolt; the bracket horizontal rod is horizontally arranged on the bracket along the bridge direction and is used for supporting the No. 0 block beam; the finish rolling threaded steel bars horizontally penetrate through the pier body along the bridge direction, and the finish rolling threaded steel bars oppositely pull and fix the bracket horizontal rods on the two sides of the pier body; and one end of the bracket inclined strut is pivoted with the hinged support to support the pier body, and the other end of the bracket inclined strut is connected with the bracket horizontal rod and is used for supporting the bracket horizontal rod. The utility model discloses No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system installation is convenient, quick and the work progress is safer.

Description

No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system of continuous beam

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a bridge construction field, in particular to No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system of continuous beam.

Background

With the rapid development of economy in China, the construction of traffic infrastructure is also rapidly developed, and meanwhile, more and more large-span bridge construction projects appear. In the field of bridge construction, when a No. 0 block of a continuous beam is constructed, whether the No. 0 block is safely and smoothly finished due to the large dead weight of the No. 0 block and high-altitude operation is determined whether the strength, deformation and stability of a die carrier of the No. 0 block meet the safe use requirements or not, and the continuous beam is particularly used as a bearing bracket. Therefore, the reasonable selection of the bracket form of the No. 0 block is also the key of success or failure of the construction of the continuous beam.

In the related art, a continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system includes: two rows of concrete support foundations are respectively poured on the left side and the right side of the pier body along the long side direction of the pier body, bottom steel plates are pre-embedded on the top surfaces of the concrete support foundations, the pre-buried bottom steel plate is respectively welded with a bracket upright post which is connected with the pre-buried steel plate in the pier body through an I-shaped steel, the top end of each support stand column is respectively welded with a top steel plate, the top steel plate at the top end is respectively welded with a through long beam along the long side direction of a pier, two beams positioned on the same side of the pier body are connected through a plurality of distribution beams vertically arranged with the beams, the beams positioned on two short sides of the pier body are provided with adjusting blocks, a plurality of longitudinal beams are vertically connected with the beams through the adjusting blocks, a plurality of square timbers arranged in parallel with the beams are arranged between every two longitudinal beams, one end of the middle beam is connected with the pre-embedded connecting steel plate at the short side of the outer side of the pier body, the other end of the middle beam is connected with the longitudinal beams, one end of the bracket is welded with the pre-embedded; the stability of the whole No. 0 block support system is guaranteed by transmitting the load uniformly distributed to the support stand columns through connecting pieces such as the pre-buried steel plate, the pre-buried connecting steel plate, the top steel plate, the cross beam and the longitudinal beam.

However, the No. 0 block construction bracket supporting system is formed by pre-embedding steel plates in the pier body, and the connection parts of the support stand columns, the cross beams, the brackets and the like of the whole bracket and the pier body are welded with the pre-embedded steel plates, so that when the whole bracket is assembled on site, the support stand columns, the cross beams, the brackets and the like and the steel plates pre-embedded in the pier body need to be welded aloft manually, and after welding, the welding quality needs to be checked, the engineering quantity of high-altitude welding operation is increased, the construction process of the No. 0 block construction bracket is complicated, the time consumption is long, and meanwhile, the safety risk of operators is increased when the welding operation is carried out aloft.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the utility model is to provide a continuous beam No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system to it is loaded down with trivial details to solve No. 0 piece construction bracket among the correlation technique and build the process, consumes time long, and the high problem of safe risk.

In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the utility model provides a No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system of continuous beam, it includes: the high-strength creeping cones are respectively embedded at two opposite sides of the pier body, a plurality of high-strength creeping cones are embedded at a first position and a second position of each side of the pier body, and the first position is positioned right below the second position; the hinged support is fixedly connected with the high-strength creeping cone at the first position through a bolt; the bracket is fixedly connected with the high-strength creeping cone at the second position through a bolt; the bracket horizontal rod is horizontally arranged on the bracket along the bridge direction and is used for supporting the No. 0 block beam; the finish rolling threaded steel bars horizontally penetrate through the pier body along the bridge direction, and the finish rolling threaded steel bars oppositely pull and fix the bracket horizontal rods on the two sides of the pier body; and one end of the bracket inclined strut is pivoted with the hinged support to support the pier body, and the other end of the bracket inclined strut is connected with the bracket horizontal rod and is used for supporting the bracket horizontal rod.

In some embodiments, a steel pad is padded between the horizontal bar of the bracket and the bracket.

In some embodiments, one end of the bracket inclined strut is connected with the hinged support through a pin shaft, and the other end of the bracket inclined strut is fixed with the bracket horizontal rod through welding.

In some embodiments, when the pier body is poured, a corrugated pipe pore-forming is pre-buried for penetrating the finish-rolled threaded steel bars.

In some embodiments, the finish rolled rebar is pre-stressed during forming to resist tension from the horizontal bar of the bracket.

In some embodiments, the tail part of the horizontal rod of the bracket is provided with a connecting plate, and the finish rolling threaded steel bar passes through the connecting plate and is fixed with the horizontal rod of the bracket.

In some embodiments, a plurality of transverse distribution beams are arranged above the horizontal rod of the bracket, and the transverse distribution beams are arranged at intervals and have different heights on the top surface along the bridge direction.

In some embodiments, an adjustable steel wedge block is arranged between the horizontal rod of the bracket and the transverse distribution beam and used for finely adjusting the bottom elevation of the No. 0 block beam.

In some embodiments, when the high-strength creeping cone is pre-buried, reinforcing mesh sheets are arranged at the front and rear positions of the anchor plate at the tail end of the high-strength creeping cone and used for preventing the pier body from being pulled apart.

In some embodiments, a plurality of bracket diagonal braces and a plurality of bracket horizontal rods are arranged on two opposite sides of the pier body, the bracket diagonal braces on each side are connected together through a bracket diagonal brace connecting system, and the bracket horizontal rods on each side are connected together through a bracket horizontal rod connecting system.

The utility model provides a beneficial effect that technical scheme brought includes: it will to pass through the bolt the free bearing with the bracket with it is fixed that the awl is climbed to excel in, the bracket bracing with the free bearing pin joint, the bracket horizon bar support in the bracket and by finish rolling twisted steel is fixed to drawing, does not need to be right in the high altitude the bracket bracing weld with pier shaft fixed connection, also need not be right in the high altitude the bracket horizon bar weld with pier shaft fixed connection, make construction bracket installation convenient, quick and the work progress safer.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a No. 0 block construction bracket support system for a continuous beam provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a left side view schematic diagram of a No. 0 block construction bracket support system of a continuous beam provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic top view of a support system of a No. 0 block construction bracket for a continuous beam provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-high-strength climbing cone, 2-hinged support, 3-bracket, 4-bracket diagonal brace, 5-bracket horizontal rod, 6-finish rolling twisted steel, 7-adjustable steel wedge block, 8-transverse distribution beam, 9-bracket diagonal brace connecting system and 10-bracket horizontal rod connecting system.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a continuous beam No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system, it can solve in the correlation technique No. 0 piece construction bracket and build the process loaded down with trivial details, expend time for a long time, and the high problem of safe risk.

Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the utility model provides a No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system of continuous beam, it includes: the high-strength creeping cone 1 is pre-embedded at a first position and a second position of the pier body; the hinged support 2 is fixed on the high-strength creeping cone 1 at a first position; the bracket 3 is fixed on the high-strength creeping cone 1 at the second position; the bracket horizontal rod 5 is horizontally arranged on the bracket 3 along the bridge direction and is used for supporting the No. 0 block beam; finish rolling the twisted steel bars 6, and fixing the bracket horizontal rods 5 on the two sides of the pier body in a counter-pulling manner; and one end of the bracket inclined strut 4 is supported on the hinged support 2, and the other end of the bracket inclined strut is connected with the bracket horizontal rod 5 and is used for supporting the bracket horizontal rod 5.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the high-strength creeping cones 1 may be pre-embedded in two opposite sides of the pier body before the pier body is poured, and a plurality of high-strength creeping cones 1 are pre-embedded in a first position and a second position of each side of the pier body, where the first position may be located right below the second position; build during the reinforcing bar of pier shaft, can with high strength climbs 1 accurate location of awl, and can high strength climbs and set up reinforcing bar net piece in the anchor slab front and back position of 1 tail ends of awl to pouring behind the concrete of pier shaft, reinforcing bar net piece can contact with more concrete, works as high strength climbs awl 1 and receives during outside pulling force, reinforcing bar net piece can be pulled more concrete and come together atress, prevents that too big pulling force from pulling concrete fracture.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some alternative embodiments, the hinge base 2 may be fixed to the high-strength climbing cone 1 at the first position by bolts, preferably, high-strength bolts in this embodiment; the hinged support 2 can be a steel plate welding component, the position of an opening of the hinged support corresponds to the position of the high-strength creeping cone 1, and the size of the opening is preferably 3-4 mm larger than the diameter of the high-strength creeping cone 1; the steel plate is perforated in a processing plant, and the perforating mode is preferably hole milling; the welding of the plates can be carried out in a factory, and the welding quality is ensured.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the bracket 3 may be fixed to the high-strength climbing cone 1 at the second position by bolts, preferably high-strength bolts in this embodiment, when installed, to fix the bracket 3 to the pier body; the bracket 3 can be a steel plate welding component, the position of an opening corresponds to the position of the high-strength creeping cone 1, and the size of the opening is preferably 3-4 mm larger than the diameter of the high-strength creeping cone 1; the steel plate is perforated in a processing plant, and the perforating mode is preferably hole milling; the welding of the plates can be carried out in a factory, and the welding quality is ensured.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in some optional embodiments, when the pier body is poured, a reserved hole is formed in the pier body in a manner of pre-embedding a corrugated pipe to form a hole, the reserved hole penetrates through the pier body along the bridge direction and is located above the second position, the finish-rolled twisted steel 6 is completely inserted into the reserved hole, no connector is arranged in the middle of the reserved hole, and a certain pre-tightening force is set during forming.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in some embodiments, the bracket horizontal rod 5 and the bracket diagonal strut 4 may be standardized members, preferably common steel members, so that they can be recycled, thereby saving construction costs, and the top end of the bracket diagonal strut 4 may be fixed to the front end of the bracket horizontal rod 5 by welding, for supporting the bracket horizontal rod 5, and the bracket diagonal strut 4 and the bracket horizontal rod 5 may be produced in a factory, thereby ensuring the processing quality and welding quality, and be hoisted to the site when being assembled; in some optional embodiments, a plurality of bracket inclined struts 4 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the pier body, the bottom ends of the bracket inclined struts 4 may be provided with circular holes and may be pivotally connected to the hinge base 2 through pin shafts to be supported on the pier body, and stiffening plates are arranged at intervals of the bracket inclined struts 4 to enhance the strength of the bracket inclined struts 4.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in some embodiments, a plurality of bracket horizontal rods 5 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the pier body and are correspondingly disposed on opposite sides of the finish-rolled twisted steel bar 6, tails of the bracket horizontal rods 5 can be horizontally placed on the corbel 3 along a bridge direction, a force applied to the bracket horizontal rods 5 in a vertical direction can be resisted by an upward supporting force of the corbel 3, and after the bottom end of the bracket diagonal brace 4 is connected with the hinge base 2 by a pin shaft, a gap between the bracket horizontal rods 5 and the corbel 3 can be directly leveled by using steel pad blocks, the height of the tails of the bracket horizontal rods 5 can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of the steel pad blocks, so that the problem that the bracket is not installed in place due to the conventional up-down pin connection is avoided, and connecting plates can horizontally extend from the tails of the bracket horizontal rods 5 to both sides, the connecting plate can be seted up and perforate, the both ends of finish rolling twisted steel 6 are passed the perforation to can through supporting nut with the connecting plate is fixed, with the both sides of pier shaft are fixed to the opposite pull bracket horizontal rod 5, the pretightning force that finish rolling twisted steel 6 applyed in advance when the shaping can be used for resisting the pulling force that bracket horizontal rod 5 produced, bracket horizontal rod 5 sets up the stiffening plate at every certain distance, in order to strengthen bracket horizontal rod 5's intensity.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, as the bottom end of the bracket inclined strut 4 is pivoted with the hinged support 2, the top end of the bracket inclined strut 4 is welded and fixed with the front end of the bracket horizontal rod 5, and the tail of the bracket horizontal rod 5 is supported by the bracket 3, the bracket inclined strut 4, the bracket horizontal rod 5 and the pier body form a stable triangular bracket structure, and the bottom end of the bracket inclined strut 4 is in pin joint with the hinged support 2, so that the bottom end of the bracket inclined strut 4 is not fixed with the hinged support 2, when the pier body has slope change along the height direction, the hinged support 2 is always tightly attached to the pier body and is parallel to the pier body, the bottom end of the bracket inclined strut 4 can rotate through a pin shaft to adapt to the slope change of the pier body along the height direction, and the high-strength climbing cone 1 or other embedded parts caused by the slope change of the pier body are prevented from being inaccurate in position, so that the structure of the hinge base 2 and the bracket stay 4 may generate excessive internal force; in some alternative embodiments, a plurality of said bracket braces 4 on each side of said pier body may be connected together by a bracket brace connecting system 9, preferably by bolts, connecting said bracket brace connecting system 9 with each said bracket brace 4, and a plurality of said bracket horizontal bars 5 on each side may be connected together by a bracket horizontal bar connecting system 10, preferably by bolts, connecting said bracket horizontal bar connecting system 10 with each said bracket horizontal bar 5, thereby forming a single bracket as a unitary structure.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, in some alternative embodiments, a plurality of transverse distribution beams 8 may be disposed above the horizontal rod 5 of the bracket, the transverse distribution beams 8 are used to support a bottom die template system of a No. 0 block beam, the plurality of transverse distribution beams 8 are disposed at certain intervals, and the plurality of transverse distribution beams 8 on each side of the pier body may be arranged by using section steels with different heights, so that the bottoms of the transverse distribution beams are on the same horizontal plane, and the top surfaces of the transverse distribution beams may form a slope similar to that of the No. 0 block in the bridge direction, so as to adapt to the slope change of the bottom of the No. 0 block beam.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some alternative embodiments, an adjustable steel wedge 7 may be disposed between the transverse distribution beam 8 and the horizontal rod 5 of the bracket, so that when the elevation of the beam bottom die of No. 0 block is adjusted in the early stage, the adjustable steel wedge 7 may be directly used for fine adjustment, and at the later stage, the height of the adjustable steel wedge 7 may be reduced, so that the components such as the transverse distribution beam 8 and the like are separated from the beam bottom die system of No. 0 block, thereby facilitating the removal of the die and the removal of the entire bracket.

Referring to fig. 1, the utility model discloses continuous beam No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system's atress transmission route does: the concrete gravity and construction load of the No. 0 block beam → a bottom die template system → the transverse distribution beam 8 → the bracket horizontal rod 5, the bracket inclined strut 4 → the hinged support 2, the bracket 3 → the finish rolling threaded steel bar 6, the high-strength creeping cone 1 → the pier body, through the stress analysis, in a triangular bracket consisting of the bracket inclined strut 4, the bracket horizontal rod 5 and the pier body, the tail part of the bracket horizontal rod 5 is subjected to a pulling force and a downward shearing force far away from the pier body, the downward shearing force is transmitted to the high-strength creeping cone 1 through the bracket 3, the high-strength creeping cone 1 resists the force, the pulling force far away from the pier body is resisted by the finish rolling threaded steel bar 6, and the finish rolling threaded steel bar 6 has a certain pre-tightening force; the bracket inclined strut 4 in the triangular bracket is mainly stressed, the stress is transmitted to the hinged support 2 through a pin shaft at the bottom end, the hinged support 2 is stressed by the stress pointing to the pier body and downward shearing force, the shearing force is resisted by the high-strength creeping cone 1 which is connected with the hinged support 2 and the pier body, the stress can be directly transmitted to the pier body, and finally, all vertical force and horizontal pressure are borne by the pier body.

Because the free bearing 2 the bracket bracing 4 the bracket horizontal rod 5 finish machining components such as adjustable steel voussoir 7 all are processing in the mill, have ensured machining precision and welding quality, and all components are in during pier shaft construction, can the synchronous processing preparation, work as after the concrete strength of pier shaft reaches the specified value, can directly assemble at the scene, save construction cycle.

The embodiment of the utility model provides a pair of No. 0 piece construction bracket braced system of continuous beam's principle does:

because when pouring the pier shaft, the high-strength climbing awl 1 is pre-buried on the pier shaft, the free bearing 2 and the bracket 3 are fixed with the high-strength climbing awl 1 through bolts, so that the free bearing 2 and the bracket 3 are fixed with the pier shaft, the bracket inclined strut 4 is pivoted with the free bearing 2 to transmit the force received by the bracket inclined strut 4 to the pier shaft, the bracket inclined strut 4 is not required to be welded at high altitude to be connected with the pier shaft, only the bracket inclined strut 4 is required to be hoisted to the position of the free bearing 2 and the pivot joint of the free bearing 2 on site, therefore, the bracket inclined strut 4 is convenient and quick to install, because the bracket horizontal rod 5 is supported on the bracket 3 and is fixed by the finish rolling threaded steel bar 6 in a counter-pulling mode, and is not required to be welded at high altitude to be connected with the pier shaft, the bracket inclined strut 4 and the bracket horizontal rod 5 can be hoisted to a set height after being connected with the ground The installation and fixation make the on-site assembly more convenient and fast; because the welding operation is not needed to be carried out at high altitude manually, the bracket inclined strut 4 and the bracket horizontal rod 5 are only required to be assembled and fixed after being hoisted to the high altitude, so that the assembling process of the construction bracket is safer, and the risk of the high altitude operation is reduced.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be inclusive and mean, for example, that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those skilled in the art.

It is noted that, in the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second", and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The above description is only exemplary of the invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a continuous beam 0 No. block construction bracket braced system which characterized in that, it includes:

the high-strength creeping cones (1) are respectively embedded at two opposite sides of the pier body, a plurality of high-strength creeping cones (1) are embedded at a first position and a second position of each side of the pier body, and the first position is positioned right below the second position;

the hinged support (2) is fixedly connected with the high-strength creeping cone (1) at the first position through a bolt;

the bracket (3) is fixedly connected with the high-strength creeping cone (1) at the second position through a bolt;

the bracket horizontal rod (5) is horizontally arranged on the bracket (3) along the bridge direction and is used for supporting the No. 0 block beam;

the finish rolling threaded steel bars (6) horizontally penetrate through the pier body along the bridge direction, and the finish rolling threaded steel bars (6) are fixed on the bracket horizontal rods (5) on the two sides of the pier body in a counter-pulling mode;

and one end of the bracket inclined strut (4) is pivoted with the hinged support (2) to support the pier body, and the other end of the bracket inclined strut is connected with the bracket horizontal rod (5) and is used for supporting the bracket horizontal rod (5).

2. The continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system of claim 1, wherein: and a rigid cushion block is padded between the bracket horizontal rod (5) and the bracket (3).

3. The continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system of claim 1, wherein: one end of the bracket inclined strut (4) is connected with the hinged support (2) through a pin shaft, and the other end of the bracket inclined strut is fixed with the bracket horizontal rod (5) through welding.

4. The continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system of claim 1, wherein: and when the pier body is poured, pre-buried corrugated pipe pore-forming is used for penetrating the finish rolling twisted steel (6).

5. The continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system of claim 1, wherein: and pre-tightening force is applied to the finish-rolled threaded steel bars (6) in advance during forming, and is used for resisting the pulling force generated by the bracket horizontal rod (5).

6. The continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system of claim 1, wherein: the tail part of the bracket horizontal rod (5) is provided with a connecting plate, and the finish rolling twisted steel (6) penetrates through the connecting plate to be fixed with the bracket horizontal rod (5).

7. The continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system of claim 1, wherein: the upper side of the bracket horizontal rod (5) is provided with a plurality of transverse distribution beams (8), the transverse distribution beams (8) are arranged at intervals, and the heights of the top surfaces along the bridge direction are different.

8. The continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system of claim 7, wherein: and an adjustable steel wedge block (7) is arranged between the bracket horizontal rod (5) and the transverse distribution beam (8) and is used for finely adjusting the beam bottom elevation of the No. 0 block beam.

9. The continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system of claim 1, wherein: when the high-strength creeping cone (1) is embedded, reinforcing mesh sheets are arranged at the front and rear positions of an anchor plate at the tail end of the high-strength creeping cone (1) and used for preventing the pier body from being pulled apart.

10. The continuous beam No. 0 block construction bracket support system of claim 1, wherein: the relative both sides of pier shaft all are equipped with a plurality ofly bracket bracing (4) and a plurality of bracket horizontal pole (5), a plurality of on each side bracket bracing (4) link together through bracket bracing connected system (9), a plurality of on each side bracket horizontal pole (5) link together through bracket horizontal pole connected system (10).

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