CN212563262U - Tunnel hole-entering protection structure for V-shaped terrain - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a tunnel protective structure that advances hole for V word topography, include from interior to exterior according to the preface side by side set up a plurality of arch steel bow member in the tunnel entrance to a cave outside and from exterior to interior according to the preface side by side set up a plurality of dysmorphism steel bow member inboard in the tunnel entrance to a cave, a plurality of steel bow members are connected as a whole and pour the concrete through the splice bar of a plurality of vertical settings, constitute arch cover arch, a plurality of dysmorphism steel bow member are connected as a whole and are filled the concrete through the connecting pull rod of a plurality of horizontal settings, constitute special-shaped cover arch, special-shaped cover arch one end is connected outside cover arch, the massif rock stratum is connected to the other end. The utility model discloses reduce excavation, the protection of the high side of entrance to a cave backstroke slope, reduce entrance to a cave potential safety hazard and environmental destruction, save time and manpower make the structure enter into the stress state in advance, and to a great extent has practiced thrift the engineering time, not only can reduce the environmental destruction and the unnecessary excavation construction before advancing the hole, can also reach safe, quick the construction of advancing the hole when reducing construction cost.

Description

Tunnel hole-entering protection structure for V-shaped terrain

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a tunnel advances hole protective structure, specificly relates to a tunnel advances hole protective structure for V word topography, is applicable to mainly that "V" word topography is lower highway, railway tunnel etc. advance the hole construction, belongs to tunnel construction technical field.

Background

Generally speaking, tunnel construction portal engineering is a key, and whether each process of portal construction is smooth lays a foundation for safe entry. Aiming at the special condition that the tunnel portal is in a V-shaped terrain, in the conventional construction method, the tunnel is generally dug greatly by adopting a large-opening and large-digging mode, a hidden tunnel is made clearly, the hidden tunnel is shortened, the open tunnel is lengthened, and the tunnel is backfilled.

At present, with the rapid development of highway construction in China, the construction range is expanded, the highway gradually extends to a mountain area, and in order to overcome the complexity and the particularity of the mountain area, the tunnel becomes one of necessary selection modes. Due to the limitation of terrain and line selection, tunnel portals are often located in special terrain positions, and for one tunnel, portal engineering is an explicit part of the whole engineering and is the first important point and difficulty. The protection of construction to ecological environment and the guarantee to constructor safety are highly emphatic in the country now, advocate the tunnel and advance the construction and adopt zero excavation to reduce the destruction to original entrance to a cave landform, protect ecological environment and adopt suitable construction technology of advancing the hole to ensure constructor's life safety.

In conclusion, in combination with the special situation of the 'V' -shaped terrain, in order to protect the natural balance of the original landform, the tunnel is quickly excavated under the condition of reducing heavy excavation, zero excavation is adopted for excavation, and the tunnel is advanced into the tunnel and is constructed under the supporting action of the special-shaped sleeve arch.

Therefore, the key point for solving the technical problems is to develop a tunnel entrance protective structure for the V-shaped terrain with stronger practicability and higher working reliability and a construction method thereof.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

To a great deal of defect and not enough that exist among the above-mentioned background art, the utility model discloses improve and the innovation to this, aim at provides one kind and not only can reduce environmental destruction and the unnecessary excavation construction before advancing the hole, can also reach safe, quick construction of advancing the hole when reducing construction cost.

The utility model discloses a another utility model aims at through entering hole construction method under "V" word topography, adopted special-shaped cover to encircle to strut, make the tunnel get into the undercut construction in advance, reduce excavation, the protection of entrance to a cave high side adverse slope, reduce entrance to a cave potential safety hazard and environmental destruction, save time and manpower.

The utility model discloses a utility model aims at special-shaped cover encircles and adopts the injection concrete construction, has practiced thrift certain support template and has reduced and has closed the modulus, and the injection concrete setting time is fast, makes the structure get into the stress state in advance, and to a great extent has practiced thrift the engineering time.

The utility model discloses a still another utility model aims at having realized the construction of advancing the hole fast with the mode that special-shaped cover arch and big pipe shed were strutted. Compared with the traditional process, the 'zero excavation' tunnel entrance avoids the damage of the vegetation at the tunnel opening, not only saves the construction period, but also reduces the construction cost and the safety risk and also generates good social benefit.

In order to solve the above problems and achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention provides a tunnel cave-in protection structure for V-shaped terrains and a construction method thereof, which is implemented by adopting the following design structure and the following technical scheme:

as the utility model relates to an improvement that is used for tunnel of V word topography to advance hole protective structure, it includes from inside to outside in proper order side by side a plurality of arch steel bow member (1) outside the tunnel portal and from outside to inside in proper order side by side a plurality of dysmorphism steel bow member (2) inside the tunnel portal, wherein, a plurality of steel bow member (1) are connected as an organic whole and pour the concrete through a plurality of longitudinally arranged connecting ribs, constitute arch cover arch, according to the design requirement in the arch cover arch in proper order side by side install a plurality of arch steel bow member sleeve pipes (11), arch steel bow member sleeve pipe (11) and connecting rib are parallel arrangement each other; a plurality of special-shaped steel arches (2) are connected into a whole through a plurality of transversely arranged connecting pull rods and filled with concrete to form a special-shaped sleeve arch, one end of the special-shaped sleeve arch is connected with an outer sleeve arch, and the other end of the special-shaped sleeve arch is connected with a mountain rock stratum (3); a plurality of special-shaped steel arch casings (21) are sequentially arranged in the special-shaped arch in parallel, and the special-shaped steel arch casings (21) are connected with the arch-shaped steel arch casings (11) into a whole to form a tunnel entrance protection structure.

As the above further improvement of the utility model, the arch-shaped steel arch (1) is a semi-circular or arch-shaped I-shaped steel arch with the same size.

As the utility model discloses foretell further improvement again, dysmorphism steel bow member (2) are the same, the different semi-arc I-steel bow member of length of model, just the length of dysmorphism steel bow member (2) is steadilyd decrease in proper order in the hole along the hole outside the hole.

As the utility model discloses the foretell further improvement again, the free end of dysmorphism steel bow member (2) is connected with backplate (22) that the polylith model is the same, the size is different perpendicularly, is connected with lock foot stock (23) on backplate (22), and lock foot stock (23) are inside hollow slip casting lock foot stock, and this slip casting lock foot stock is connected with massif rock stratum (3).

As a still further improvement of the above aspect of the present invention, the arch-shaped steel arch casing (11) and the special-shaped steel arch casing (21) are both tubular members with a hollow interior.

As the above mentioned further improvement of the present invention, the arch steel arch casing (11) and the special-shaped steel arch casing (21) are all set to be multi-root, and the plurality of arch steel arch casings (11) and the plurality of special-shaped steel arch casings (21) are arranged at equal distances or at unequal distances.

As a still further improvement of the above-mentioned structure of the present invention, the connecting bar and the connecting rod are both hollow inside or solid tubular body or rod-shaped member.

As a still further improvement of the above of the present invention, the connecting bar and the connecting rod are rod-shaped members which are solid inside and are steel bars.

As the utility model discloses the foretell still further improvement more, the splice bar with the tie rod all sets up to many, all is the equidistance between many splice bars and many tie rods or not equidistance lays.

As the utility model discloses the foretell still further improvement more, all from interior to exterior according to the preface spraying have the layer of moulding plastics and antirust coat and waterproof layer on arch steel bow member (1), dysmorphism steel bow member (2) and splice bar and connection pull rod's surface.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model produced beneficial effect is:

1. the utility model can not only reduce the environmental damage and unnecessary excavation construction before entering the tunnel, but also achieve safe and quick tunnel entering construction while reducing the construction cost;

2. the utility model adopts the special-shaped arch support to make the tunnel enter the underground excavation construction in advance, thereby reducing the excavation and protection of the high side and upward slope of the opening, reducing the potential safety hazard and environmental damage of the opening, and saving time and labor;

3. the special-shaped arch of the utility model adopts the concrete injection construction, saves a certain support template and reduces the closed modulus, and the concrete injection setting time is fast, so that the structure enters the stress state in advance, and the construction time is saved to a great extent;

4. the construction method of the utility model has the advantages of convenient operation, low cost and safe construction, can reduce the excavation work amount of the earth and stone at the opening, reduce unnecessary slope support, effectively ensure the construction risk of workers, reduce the damage rate of the construction environment at the opening, save the construction cost, shorten the construction period and have obvious economic and social benefits;

5. the utility model adopts the concepts of 'early entering the tunnel, late exiting the tunnel' and 'zero excavation', fully utilizes the supporting mode of 'V' -shaped landform two-side mountain bodies and 'special-shaped cover arch + pipe shed' according to local conditions, reduces the excavation of the tunnel mouth side and upward slope, not only avoids the safety risk brought by the high side and upward slope, but also reduces the influence on the vegetation and the soil stability of the tunnel mouth, and leads the tunnel to be lifted to the tunnel and begin the underground excavation operation;

6. the utility model utilizes C25 to spray concrete and steel bar net to construct special-shaped section arch without installing templates and concrete conveying pipelines at two sides, and the sprayed concrete can obtain higher strength in a short time, the operation is convenient and fast, and the device is safe and reliable and can develop lower process construction as soon as possible;

7. the utility model adopts a small conduit grouting mode to perform reinforcement treatment at the side and upward slope positions, which can greatly improve the stability of the cave entrance mountain and ensure the construction safety;

8. the utility model discloses according to the theory of "advance the hole, go out of the hole late" and "zero excavation", according to local conditions, optimize tunnel entrance to a cave design, solve the problem of entering the hole difficulty when tunnel entrance to a cave is in "V" word topography, make full use of "V" word topography both sides massif and "abnormal shape cover encircle + the supporting role of pipe canopy", reduce the destruction to entrance to a cave section massif stability, make the tunnel begin the undercut operation in advance, in order to guarantee construction, operation safety, shorten the time limit for a project and reduce the influence to the environment simultaneously;

9. the utility model discloses according to the actual topography condition of job site, the mode that adopts special-shaped cover to encircle and big pipe shed to strut has realized advancing the hole construction fast. Compared with the traditional process, the 'zero excavation' tunnel entrance avoids the damage of the vegetation at the tunnel opening, not only saves the construction period, but also reduces the construction cost and the safety risk and also generates good social benefit. In view of the above advantages, the system is favored by construction units and supervision units. Practice proves that the construction method is safe and reliable, simple to operate, good in quality of constructed products, operable, wide in application prospect and prominent in social, economic and environmental protection benefits;

10. the utility model discloses an anti-rust paint on the outside, consequently also prolonged whole protective structure's life when can prevent to rust, the resource has also been saved when realizing the environmental protection, and simultaneously, scribble the fluorescent material that can self-luminous in protective structure's outside, can clearly mark this protective structure's position in night or darkroom and underground construction environment, can play the effect of safety suggestion effectively, improve the striking degree, easily people differentiate, increase the security in construction and the life.

Drawings

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the arch-shaped steel arch (1) component of the invention;

fig. 3 is one of the overall use states of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a second schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a third schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a fourth schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention

FIG. 7 is a fifth drawing of the overall structure of the present invention

FIG. 8 is a sixth schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a seventh schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic view of the usage state of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the construction process of the present invention;

table 1 shows the materials and equipments of the present invention;

table 2 is a material table of the present invention;

table 3 is the mechanical equipment table of the utility model;

wherein, the reference numbers in the figures: 1-arch steel arch, 11-arch steel arch casing;

2-special-shaped steel arch, 21-special-shaped steel arch sleeve, 22-back plate, 23-locking anchor rod;

3-mountain rock formation;

s1, construction preparation;

s2-cutting off the ditch at the top of the tunnel;

s3, excavating and supporting a side and upward slope;

s4 construction of a set of arches and a pipe shed;

s5, constructing the special-shaped arch sections;

s6, constructing a large pipe roof in advance;

s7, constructing a hidden tunnel;

a1 — measurement lofting;

a2-manufacturing and trial splicing of the steel arch frame;

a3 installation of steel arch;

a4-installation of guide tubes;

a5, erecting a mould and pouring concrete;

b1-construction preparation;

b2-drill in place;

b3-drilling;

b4, installing a steel pipe;

b5-grouting the pipe shed;

b6-detection and acceptance.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the inventive features, the objectives and the functions of the present invention easy to understand, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, and it should be noted that the embodiments and the features of the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

The tunnel cave-in protection structure for the V-shaped terrain comprises a plurality of arched steel arches 1 which are sequentially arranged at the outer side of a tunnel portal in parallel from inside to outside and a plurality of special-shaped steel arches 2 which are sequentially arranged at the inner side of the tunnel portal in parallel from outside to inside, wherein the plurality of steel arches 1 are connected into a whole through a plurality of longitudinally arranged connecting ribs and concrete is poured to form an arched cover arch, a plurality of arched steel arch sleeve pipes 11 are sequentially arranged in parallel in the arched cover arch according to design requirements, and the arched steel arch sleeve pipes 11 and the connecting ribs are arranged in parallel; a plurality of special-shaped steel arches 2 are connected into a whole through a plurality of transversely arranged connecting pull rods and filled with concrete to form a special-shaped sleeve arch, one end of the special-shaped sleeve arch is connected with an outer sleeve arch, and the other end of the special-shaped sleeve arch is connected with a mountain rock stratum 3; a plurality of special-shaped steel arch casings 21 are sequentially arranged in the special-shaped arch in parallel, and the special-shaped steel arch casings 21 are connected with the arch-shaped steel arch casings 11 into a whole to form a tunnel entrance protection structure.

Furthermore, the arch-shaped steel arch 1 is a semicircular or arch-shaped I-shaped steel arch with the corresponding consistent size and model.

Further, the special-shaped steel arch centering 2 is a semi-arc-shaped I-shaped steel arch centering with the same model and different length, and the length of the special-shaped steel arch centering 2 is gradually reduced from the outer edge of the tunnel to the inner edge of the tunnel.

Specifically, the free end of the special-shaped steel arch frame 2 is perpendicularly connected with a plurality of back plates 22 which are the same in model and different in size, the back plates 22 are connected with foot locking anchor rods 23, the foot locking anchor rods 23 are hollow grouting foot locking anchor rods inside, and the grouting foot locking anchor rods are connected with the mountain rock strata 3.

Further, the arch-shaped steel arch tube 11 and the deformed steel arch tube 21 are both tubular members with a hollow interior.

Specifically, the arch steel arch casing 11 and the special-shaped steel arch casing 21 are all arranged to be multiple, and the multiple arch steel arch casings 11 and the multiple special-shaped steel arch casings 21 are arranged at equal intervals or at unequal intervals.

Furthermore, the connecting ribs and the connecting pull rod are both tubular bodies or rod-shaped body members with hollow or solid interiors.

Specifically, the connecting ribs and the connecting pull rod are rod-shaped body members with solid inner parts, and the rod-shaped body members are reinforcing steel bars.

More specifically, the splice bar with connect the pull rod and all set up to many, all be the equidistance between many splice bars and many the connection pull rods or not equidistance lays.

Further, an injection molding layer, an anti-rust layer and a waterproof layer are sequentially sprayed on the outer surfaces of the arch-shaped steel arch 1, the special-shaped steel arch 2, the connecting ribs and the connecting pull rods from inside to outside.

Specifically, a high-molecular wear-resistant material is injected on the injection molding layer; the anti-rust layer comprises epoxy zinc-rich primer, chlorinated rubber finish paint and epoxy mica iron intermediate paint positioned between the epoxy zinc-rich primer and the chlorinated rubber finish paint; the waterproof layer is polyurethane waterproof paint.

A tunnel entrance protective structure for V-shaped terrain and a construction method thereof are disclosed, the method comprises the following steps:

s1, construction preparation, namely firstly determining a tunnel entrance construction scheme, then performing measurement lofting, and finally determining tunnel entrance construction;

s2, intercepting a ditch at the top of a tunnel, and arranging an intercepting ditch outside an excavation line of the side and upward slope by 5 meters before constructing the side and upward slope;

s3, performing side and upward slope excavation support, wherein the side and upward slope excavation uses mechanical excavation, the slope is strictly designed and controlled during excavation, a stable structural layer of the slope is kept as much as possible during side and upward slope excavation, and a design scheme with less or no brush is adopted;

s4, the construction of the cover arch, the construction process flow of the cover arch and the pipe shed is: measurement lofting → manufacture and trial assembly of steel arch → installation of longitudinal connecting rib → determination of guide pipe direction and welding → formwork erection and concrete pouring.

S5, performing arch sheathing construction of special-shaped sections, arranging I18 arch frames serving as template supporting frameworks below a top triangular void area at an interval of 50cm, then using bamboo plywood as a bottom die, laying a reinforcing mesh with the diameter of 8mm @20cm, then installing I18I-steel arch frames at an interval of 50cm, and fixedly connecting and fixing the arch frames by using longitudinal connecting ribs at an annular interval of 1 m; installing a guide pipe, wherein the type of the guide pipe is completely consistent with that of the outer arch of the cave, blanking is carried out according to different terrains in length, the guide pipe extends to the rock face of the inner rock body, and C25 with the thickness of 1m is sprayed to spray concrete after the guide pipe is installed, so that a virtual cave wall is formed quickly.

S6, constructing the advanced large pipe shed, wherein the construction process flow of the advanced pipe shed is as follows: construction preparation → drill machine in place → drilling → installation of steel flower pipes of the large pipe shed → grouting of the pipe shed → detection and acceptance.

And S7, constructing the hidden tunnel, after grouting the pipe shed, constructing according to the advanced geological forecast and the monitoring measurement result by adopting a reserved core soil three-step subsection excavation method according to the construction, and adjusting the excavation method according to the surrounding rock condition after smoothly entering the tunnel.

Further, in S1, the pre-construction organization survey group performs retest on the section of the opening section, and the elevation position, the hole entering mileage and the hidden hole mileage of the structure are released, compared with the design to see whether the elevation position, the hole entering mileage and the hidden hole mileage are consistent. If the deviation exists, the design is reported in time for adjustment, and construction can be carried out after the error is confirmed;

in the S2, the tunnel top intercepting drain 4 is cast by C20 plain concrete, a water retaining wall is arranged at the position of the top gully, the size of the gully is increased, the top running water is prevented from directly scouring the upward slope, the tunnel top intercepting drain 4 is adjusted and arranged according to the actual field terrain and must be finished before the construction of the side and upward slopes, and the water of the tunnel top intercepting drain 4 is discharged to natural ditches at two sides of the tunnel.

Further, in S3, the side and elevation slope includes a hole side slope and an elevation slope, the side and elevation slope is excavated by an open excavation method, footmarks are excavated from top to bottom, a step for entering the hole is reserved, and after the side and elevation slope is excavated and formed, an anchor-jet net is timely used for protection; in order to reduce disturbance to rock mass and ensure stability of excavated mountain, anchor spraying protection and small guide pipe grouting reinforcement are carried out on side slopes within a certain range during construction, and the reinforcement process flow is anchor rod construction → reinforcing mesh paving → concrete spraying;

the anchor spraying protection comprises mortar anchor rods, a hanging reinforcing mesh and C20 sprayed concrete, wherein the thickness of the C20 sprayed concrete is 10 cm; the anchor rod is a phi 22 common mortar anchor rod, the length of the common mortar anchor rod is 4.5m, the common mortar anchor rod is arranged in a quincunx mode at intervals of 1m, phi 42mm multiplied by 4mm grouting small guide pipes are arranged on three sides of an upward slope in the range of 8m above the top of a hole in a staggered mode, the length of each small guide pipe is 4.5m, and the small guide pipes are arranged in a quincunx mode at intervals of 1m multiplied by 1 m.

Specifically, in S4, after the opening is excavated by facing upward, core soil is reserved after supporting is completed, a measurer determines the height of a central line vault, an arch sleeving position line and a transverse cross line on a slope surface, then soil bodies at arch sleeving positions on two sides are excavated, four I18I-shaped steel arches are erected after supporting is carried out to the height of the bottom of a side wall while excavating, the distance is 50cm, each arch is tensioned by a pull rod to prevent toppling, and after the I-shaped steel arch is erected, C20 concrete arch sleeving and expanding a foundation to wrap arch legs; then, installing pipe shed guide steel pipes with the length of 2m and the diameter of 140mm on the steel supports at the designed large pipe shed interval, carefully and accurately checking the center line of the pipe shed guide steel pipes by using instruments to ensure that the guide is good and the direction of the guide is consistent with the position direction of the pipe shed, and pouring C20 mould concrete after the installation of the pipe shed guide steel pipes is finished.

Furthermore, in S5, the template supporting framework also adopts I18 steel arches, and the distance is consistent with that of the arch centering of the cover arch and is 50 cm; when the bottom die is installed, reserving a foot-retracting anchor rod driving position at the arch foot part, and additionally sealing the die after the foot-locking anchor rod is completely constructed; i18 manufacturing and trial splicing of the steel arch, accurately measuring the positions of two arch springing according to the side slope terrain, and accurately determining the blanking length of the steel arch springing through the arch springing positions, so that the arch springing can accurately drop rock masses on two sides, and the arch springing is supported and cushioned by channel steel; the type of the guide pipe of the special-shaped sleeve arch is completely consistent with that of the hole outer sleeve arch in position, the guide pipe is connected with a guide pipe of the hole outer sleeve arch, and the length of the guide pipe is subjected to blanking according to different terrains and extends to the rock surface of the inner rock body; after the guide pipe is installed, C25 spraying concrete with the thickness of 1m is sprayed to quickly form a virtual hole wall.

Further, in S6, after the construction of the special-shaped arch is finished, a pipe shed drilling platform is built, a drilling machine is installed, different drilling tool combinations are adopted according to different stratums, the drilling is performed inwards from the guide pipe, odd-numbered holes are drilled firstly, even-numbered holes are drilled after grouting, no grouting is performed on even-numbered holes, and continuous numbered drilling construction is not required, so that hole collapse and drill jamming are avoided, and grouting is performed from two sides to the direction of the arch crown during grouting;

and in the S7, after the pipe shed grouting is finished, according to the advanced geological forecast and the monitoring measurement result, adopting a reserved core soil three-step subsection excavation method for construction, and adjusting the excavation method according to the surrounding rock condition after the pipe shed smoothly enters the tunnel.

The utility model discloses in, cover and encircle construction process flow does: measurement lofting → manufacture and trial assembly of steel arch → installation of steel arch → determination of direction of guide tube and welding → erection of mould and concrete pouring. Wherein, the measurement is lofted

And after construction and lofting are carried out on the position of the hole, reserving core soil on the upper step for arch sheathing construction, wherein the length of the arch sheathing is not less than 2m, and embedding a pipe shed guide pipe.

Manufacture and trial assembly of steel arch frame

The steel arch frame is manufactured in a centralized way and is assembled in a trial way after being processed, whether the I-shaped steel is distorted and deformed or not and whether the I-shaped steel is on the same plane or not are checked after the assembly,

mounting of steel arch frame

The steel arch is installed by excavating the side and upward slope to the position of the bottom foot of the designed advanced pipe shed, and the arch is installed after the protection of the upward slope surface is implemented, the steel arch can be installed after the plane is ensured to be correct for the elevation, the bottom foot of the steel arch should fall on a solid foundation during the installation, if the foundation is loose, measures should be taken to increase the bearing capacity of the foundation, the top beam close to the rock surface is installed firstly, the top beams are installed from inside to outside one by one, the arch is connected into a whole by adopting longitudinal connecting steel bars, and the arch is fixed.

Guide tube installation

And (3) fixing the guide pipe on the steel arch frame according to the angle and the position of a design drawing, wherein the external insertion angle is 1-3 degrees, and after the guide pipe is welded, performing arch sheathing vertical formwork, namely concrete pouring construction.

Vertical mould and concrete pouring

The cover arch is erected outside the excavation contour line of the opening, the inner mold is supported by a steel arch frame, the steel mold is assembled, the outer mold can be assembled by a wood mold, stirrups are fixed and reinforced, a movable template is reserved for vibration, a crack between the mold and the mold is tightly sewed to ensure no slurry leakage, after the template is assembled, concrete is poured, the left side and the right side of the formwork are symmetrically poured according to the concrete strength required by design during pouring, vibration is carried out in time, regular maintenance is required after pouring is finished,

the utility model discloses in, the construction process flow of leading pipe shed is: construction preparation → drill machine in place → drilling → steel pipe installation → grouting of pipe shed → detection and acceptance.

Wherein the construction is prepared

Before the support construction of the forepoling, 2 holes are selected at the arch foot part as test holes for carrying out grouting test, the grouting radius, the grouting pressure and the single pipe grouting amount are determined or adjusted, proper guide pipes are selected for grouting, the guide pipes are processed as required in a processing factory, mechanical equipment mainly comprises a pipe shed drilling machine, a high-pressure grouting machine, high-pressure air equipment, a cement mixer and the like, the length of a steel pipe is determined according to the thickness of weak broken surrounding rock and is generally 20 m-30 m.

Drill in place

The drilling construction is preferably carried out by adopting a crawler-type down-the-hole drill or a spiral drill and drilling by utilizing a sleeve following method, the hole depth meets the design requirement, the diameter of the steel pipe of the aperture wall pipe shed is 20-30 mm, and the drilling is carried out from a high hole position to a low hole position in sequence.

Drilling holes

After the drilling machine is in place, drilling can be carried out according to preset point positions, a large arm of the drilling machine needs to be tightly propped against a tunnel face or abut against a sleeve arch to prevent excessive vibration, the angle of the drilling machine is checked at any time in the drilling process to correct deviation in time, the drilling speed is low when the drilling machine drills a hole, the drilling depth is 20cm, the normal drilling speed is shifted, the collection and analysis of rock powder are paid attention in the drilling process, the rock powder is sampled according to the drilling depth, a record is made, and after the drilling is finished, residual slag in the hole is cleaned by high-pressure air to prevent pipe clamping in pipe jacking.

Mounting steel pipe

When the holes are drilled to the designed depth and checked to be qualified, the steel pipes are jacked, hot rolled seamless steel pipes with the diameter of 108mm, the wall thickness of 6mm, the section length of 4m and 6m are selected for the steel pipes, no holes are formed in the pipe orifice section with the length of 2.5m, the longitudinal distance of the steel pipes is 15-20 cm, the circumferential distance of 9-12 cm, grouting holes with the diameter of 10mm are arranged in a quincunx shape, the steel pipes are connected through screw threads, the length of the screw threads is not smaller than 150mm, the steel pipes are pre-arranged, the length is matched, the number of joints on the same cross section is not larger than 50%, the steel pipes are jacked manually or mechanically in an auxiliary mode, jacking is slow and uniform, a reinforcement cage is arranged in the steel pipes of the pipe shed according to the design requirements, so that the rigidity of the steel pipes of the pipe shed is increased, and.

Pipe roof grouting

After the steel pipe is pushed into the ground, the pipe is cleaned by high-pressure air to ensure that a grouting pipeline is smooth, the pipe opening of the steel pipe is blocked by a steel plate, a grouting guide pipe is welded, single-liquid grouting or double-liquid grouting is selected for pipe shed grouting, construction is started from two ends during grouting construction, the pipe is pushed towards the arch crown of a tunnel, or interval grouting is used, namely, a single-hole grouting is firstly carried out, then a double-hole grouting is carried out, the concentration of the grout is lower when the grouting is started, the grout is gradually thickened to the designed concentration, the grout is prepared according to the mixing ratio, the mixed chemical is uniform, the fluidity and the viscosity are good, the initial pressure is 0.5-1.0 MPa, the grout is pressed into the holes by a grouting pump and then is pressed for more than 10min with the pressure to close the grout, the final pressure grouting is carried out when the grout is discharged from an exhaust port, the final pressure is 2.0MPa, the grouting is stopped when the grouting amount meets the design requirement, and the grout in the exhaust pipe is removed, and cement mortar is tightly filled to enhance the rigidity and strength of the pipe shed, a detector detects the grouting effect after grouting is finished, and the next procedure can be carried out when the strength of the slurry reaches 70% after the slurry is qualified.

Wherein, in the utility model, the concrete is high-strength light polyphenyl granule concrete; the high-strength light polyphenyl particle concrete is internally provided with a cement-based heat-insulation and noise-elimination layer, a metal plate layer, a rock wool plate layer, a damping layer, a waterproof layer and a stress dispersion layer, wherein the cement-based heat-insulation and noise-elimination layer, the metal plate layer, the rock wool plate layer, the waterproof layer and the stress dispersion layer are sequentially stacked or mixed together.

The construction process flow of the special-shaped cover arch comprises the following steps: construction preparation → formwork support framework installation → bottom formwork installation → reinforcing mesh installation → I18 steel arch manufacturing and trial assembly → arch installation → longitudinal connecting rib welding and fixing → foot-locking anchor rod driving and connecting → foot-contracting anchor rod grouting → guide pipe direction determination and welding → formwork erection and concrete pouring.

Quality control:

7.1 quality assurance System

(1) Tissue assurance

The project department establishes a quality management leader group taking a project manager as a group leader and taking the project assistant manager, a chief worker and each department as members, and is responsible for project quality decision-making, and a quality inspection department is responsible for quality management daily affairs.

(2) System guarantee

And establishing and strictly executing quality management regulations such as quality responsibility system, inspection system, reward and punishment system and the like. In particular, a large quality inspection of items in the middle and at the end of the month and an irregular inspection at a quality inspection place have been seriously conducted. Establishing a project quality plan, a quality system file and a job file, and strictly managing a project quality process according to a quality system program; the quality tracking system is established, the responsibility is carried out to specific operators, and the traceability is realized.

(3) Idea guarantee

Quality consciousness education is strengthened, and quality consciousness of first quality and lifelong responsibility of employees is established.

2. Process control

(1) Accurately paying off according to a design drawing strictly, ensuring the line shape to be accurate, rechecking the lead at regular intervals, and checking and calibrating the measuring instrument;

(2) paying attention to the construction technology bottom-crossing work and the quality bottom-crossing before work, determining respective responsibilities, ensuring that each operator of construction operation knows the design intention, constructing according to the requirements of a design drawing strictly, and carrying out technology bottom-crossing on newly-entered civil workers in time aiming at the high mobility of the civil workers of the project;

(3) before each process is constructed, the operation can be started after the construction instruction of the supervision engineer is obtained;

(4) the construction technical specification and the special specification of the items in the contract file are strictly executed in the construction process, and the construction of each part is ensured to meet the technical specification and the design requirement;

(5) the inspection method strictly checks the incoming quality of the materials, carries out a method of specially-assigned inspection and random sampling inspection according to regulations, and ensures that various raw materials for the structure meet the design and specification requirements by acquiring the qualified materials and not adopting unqualified materials according to the specification requirements, and meanwhile, the incoming materials are properly stored to prevent pollution and corrosion;

(6) the concrete construction is carried out with a mix proportion test and selection, and the construction is carried out according to the selected mix proportion strictly.

(7) The machine tools and equipment such as incoming molds, machinery and the like are checked and accepted, so that the technical indexes of the machine tools and equipment reach the standard, the machine tools and equipment run normally, and the construction requirements are met;

(8) the arch foundation excavation must be in place, and the arch foundation excavation is processed strictly according to the design requirements, and the next procedure can be carried out after the foundation bearing capacity meets the design requirements;

(9) drilling and grouting a pipe shed to certain jump hole construction, and constructing from two sides to the middle;

(10) during excavation, mechanical cooperation and manual excavation are adopted as much as possible, so that disturbance to surrounding rocks and damage to surrounding vegetation are reduced;

(11) during the bow member course of working, strictly process the bow member radian according to the design, guarantee the bow member circle in the same direction as, the linkage segment welding must be full, and satisfy design and standard requirement:

(12) in the process of concrete spraying construction, the thickness and the density of the sprayed concrete are strictly controlled, and filling by using fillers is strictly forbidden;

(13) and summarizing and improving, namely calling up the technology and construction summary in time according to the construction condition of the previous stage, and guiding the construction of the next stage.

Safety measures are as follows:

1. security system

(1) And (4) organization assurance. Establishing a safety leader group which takes a project manager as a group leader and is responsible for project safety work decision; the manager department is provided with a security department and is responsible for daily affairs of project safety work; a full-time security worker is arranged at the security protection department, and the security protection worker is responsible for field security management work.

(2) And (5) ensuring a system. And establishing a sound and complete safety responsibility system, a safety inspection system, a safety reward and punishment system and other regulation systems and performing hard execution. Especially, the safety large inspection system in the middle and at the end of the month and the irregular inspection of the security department are carefully developed, the before-shift safety training system is carefully developed, various safety operation rules of the project are compiled, and the construction is strictly organized according to the operation rules.

(3) And (5) ensuring the idea. The staff safety consciousness education and the safety skill training are enhanced, and the staff is organized to carry out safety technology background crossing so that the staff has the safety skill adaptive to the corresponding occupation, and the staff is prevented from injuring other people and being injured by other people in the construction process.

(4) And (5) technical assurance. The construction organization design is optimized, construction is strictly carried out according to the construction organization design, and the construction safety of the project is ensured.

(5) And (4) economic guarantee. The communication with each party of design, supervision, owner and the like is enhanced, the capital investment of safety facilities is increased, and the reward and punishment can be realized in time according to the reward and punishment system.

2. On-site security management

(1) Construction electricity consumption is strictly in a three-phase five-wire system, and all electric equipment is protected by one machine and one brake, so that the accidents of electric leakage and injury to people are prevented;

(2) work aloft, and wear the safety protection article correctly.

(3) The special operating personnel is insisted on keeping on duty and needs a special person to command and operate the equipment, and command signals are clear and accurate;

(4) construction machinery equipment sets up according to the requirement and faces limit protection and warning sign, ensures construction safety.

(5) In the construction process, the surrounding rock monitoring and measurement and advanced geological forecast are enhanced, and the construction scheme and the support parameters are adjusted in time according to the surrounding rock monitoring and measurement and various geological data, so that the construction safety is ensured.

And (3) environmental protection measures:

(1) executing the requirements of an environmental management manual and a program file, establishing an environmental management system, and strictly complying with laws, regulations and regulations related to environmental protection issued by national and local governments;

(2) the environment protection law, the related regulations and the typical cases are used for strengthening the civilized construction of the staff and the education of the environment protection consciousness.

(3) In the construction and operation field, the signs are reasonably arranged, the signs are complete and clear, various marks are striking, and the construction field is neat and civilized;

(4) construction wastewater and domestic sewage cannot pollute the surrounding environment, and the wastewater must be precipitated or filtered and purified to meet the environmental protection requirement. The solid waste is recovered, stacked and disposed in a centralized way;

(5) the principle of less land occupation and pollution reduction is adopted to reasonably select, arrange the living camp and construct the sidewalk;

(6) the vegetation recovery is carried out on the slope damaged by clearing, constructing an access road and the like by taking measures of tree planting and the like, and the ecological damage is reduced to the minimum.

Benefit analysis

1. Economic benefits

The method still adopts conventional equipment and materials, optimizes the construction process by improving the construction process, simplifies and standardizes the production process, is humanized and has low equipment and material consumption.

According to the method, the tunnel enters underground excavation construction in advance through the supporting effect of the special-shaped sleeve arch, so that excavation and protection of a high-side and upward slope of the opening are reduced, potential safety hazards and environmental damage of the opening are reduced, and time and labor are saved. The special-shaped section arch is constructed by adopting sprayed concrete, certain support templates are saved, the closed modulus is reduced, the sprayed concrete setting time is short, the structure enters a stress state in advance, and the construction time is saved to a great extent.

Because the construction speed is fast, the working procedures are closely connected, the construction period is advanced, and the machine-to-machine work cost and the labor cost of certain mechanical equipment are saved.

Compared with the method for brushing the side slope and the elevation slope greatly according to the traditional process, the construction method can save the construction period by 1 month, namely, the corresponding labor and equipment cost saving conditions are counted as follows:

personnel cost: 38 field constructors and 20 project department early-stage managers can save labor cost (38+20) 6000 yuan/month 348000 yuan;

cost of large-scale machinery equipment:

excavator cost: putting one excavator of Hitachi 220 excavator into the excavator, and calculating according to 26000 yuan/month, namely saving 26000 yuan by a loader;

loader cost: putting 2 50-type loading machines into the machine, building an auxiliary support and the like, wherein the 50-type loading machines are counted according to 17000 yuan per month, namely 17000 x 2 are saved in the loading machines and 34000 yuan is saved in the loading machines;

cost of the generator: putting one 350kw generator, and calculating according to 13000 yuan/month, namely saving 13000 yuan by the generator;

cost of the dump truck: 3 dump trucks of 20m3 are thrown in, and the calculation is carried out according to 22000 yuan per month, namely the dump trucks save 22000 x 3 to 66000 yuan;

mixing station and tanker cost: putting 3 tank cars and 1 mixing station of 120, and calculating according to 100000 yuan/month, namely saving 100000 yuan for the mixing station and the tank cars;

in summary, savings can be made by this method

348000+26000+34000+13000+66000+100000 ═ 587000 membered

Table 1 shows the materials and equipments of the present invention;

table 2 is a material table of the present invention;

serial number	Name of Material	Specification of	Number of	Unit of	Remarks for note
						1	I-steel	I18	2495.8	kg	Arch arch frame
2	I-steel	I18	2000	kg	Special-shaped arch and formwork support
						3	Bamboo plywood	δ1.5cm	150	m2	Cover arch mouldBoard
4	Steel flower tube	Φ108	1190	m	Bias wall substrate processing
						5	Small grouting guide pipe	Φ42	832.5	m	Slope reinforcement
6	Hollow grouting anchor rod	Φ25	750	m	Preliminary bracing
						8	C20 concrete	C20	31.55	m3	Cover arch
9	C25 spray concrete	C25	200	m3	Cover arch and side-up slope protection
						10	Reinforcing bar	HPB300	10	t	Cover arch and side-up slope protection
11	Reinforcing bar	HRB400	20	t	Cover arch and side-up slope protection

Table 3 is the mechanical equipment table of the utility model;

2. social benefits

(1) The method is basically used for constructing the side and elevation slopes in a zero excavation mode, reduces damage to the landform of the original hole, protects the ecological environment, is safe and reliable, avoids high side slopes and high elevation slopes, ensures operation safety during construction and safety during operation, and embodies good social benefits.

(2) According to the method, the sprayed concrete is adopted in the construction of the special-shaped section arch sleeving, so that the structure enters a stressed state in advance, the safety of construction operation is ensured, the erection of the support is reduced, and resources are saved.

(3) The construction method has the advantages that the working procedure time is advanced, the total construction period is shortened, and good social and economic benefits can be generated.

Engineering examples

A nine-part Huimin extra-long tunnel of civil engineering of the Yuan green expressway is 8475m long in a single hole, wherein a left hole opening at the exit of the Huimin tunnel belongs to V-shaped terrain hole entering construction, and the hole is smoothly and deeply dug into the tunnel in 2017, 12 months and 1 day.

A Yuanlv high-speed civil engineering part is used for constructing a numb Zi tunnel, the tunnel is 2727m in length and is single-hole, a right hole opening at the entrance of the numb Zi tunnel belongs to V-shaped topographic tunnel entering construction, and the tunnel is smoothly and secretly dug into the tunnel in 2018, 4 and 21 months.

A Yuanlv highway Ju xing Zi tunnel built by Yuan Lu high-speed civil engineering three parts has a single-hole length of 2934.7m, wherein a right hole opening of an exit of the Juanzi tunnel belongs to V-shaped topographic tunnel entering construction, and the tunnel entering is smoothly and secretly dug in 5-month and 16-month days in 2019 by adopting the method in the construction.

In summary, the Yuanlv high-speed project manager forms a rapid tunnel entering construction method under the special terrain in the shape of V through engineering practice, technical subject research and summary, and through engineering entity detection and application effect evaluation, the method has the characteristics of convenience in operation, low cost and safety in construction, can effectively reduce environmental damage caused by tunnel opening construction and effectively shorten the construction period, and has remarkable economic benefit and social benefit.

The method is characterized by comprehensively considering and combining the actual conditions of projects, determining to adopt zero excavation to enter a tunnel, moderately finishing a side and an overhead slope, reinforcing and supporting, and entering a tunnel blind hole in advance for construction through the supporting effect of a special-shaped sleeve arch.

Finally, it should be noted that the conception, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention have been clearly and completely described above in connection with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, so that the objects, features and effects of the present invention can be fully understood. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive labor based on the embodiments of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, all the connection and connection relationships mentioned herein do not mean that the components are directly connected, but mean that a more preferable connection structure can be formed by adding or reducing connection accessories according to specific implementation conditions. The utility model discloses each technical feature in the creation can the interactive combination under the prerequisite that does not contradict conflict each other.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a tunnel protective structure that advances hole for V word topography which characterized in that: the steel arch structure comprises a plurality of arch-shaped steel arch frames (1) which are sequentially arranged on the outer side of a tunnel portal in parallel from inside to outside and a plurality of special-shaped steel arch frames (2) which are sequentially arranged on the inner side of the tunnel portal in parallel from outside to inside, wherein the plurality of steel arch frames (1) are connected into a whole through a plurality of longitudinally arranged connecting ribs and concrete is poured to form an arch-shaped arch cover, a plurality of arch-shaped steel arch frame sleeves (11) are sequentially arranged in parallel in the arch cover according to design requirements, and the arch-shaped steel arch frame sleeves (11) and the connecting ribs are arranged in parallel; a plurality of special-shaped steel arches (2) are connected into a whole through a plurality of transversely arranged connecting pull rods and filled with concrete to form a special-shaped sleeve arch, one end of the special-shaped sleeve arch is connected with an outer sleeve arch, and the other end of the special-shaped sleeve arch is connected with a mountain rock stratum (3); a plurality of special-shaped steel arch casings (21) are sequentially arranged in the special-shaped arch in parallel, and the special-shaped steel arch casings (21) are connected with the arch-shaped steel arch casings (11) into a whole to form a tunnel entrance protection structure.

2. A tunnel boring protection structure for a V-shaped terrain according to claim 1, wherein: the arch-shaped steel arch (1) is a semicircular or arch-shaped I-shaped steel arch with the corresponding consistent size and model.

3. A tunnel boring protection structure for a V-shaped terrain according to claim 1, wherein: the special-shaped steel arch centering (2) is a semi-arc-shaped I-shaped steel arch centering with the same model and different length, and the length of the special-shaped steel arch centering (2) is gradually reduced from the outer edge of the tunnel in the tunnel.

4. A tunnel boring protection structure for a V-shaped terrain according to claim 3, wherein: the free end of dysmorphism steel bow member (2) is connected with backplate (22) that polylith model is the same, the size is different perpendicularly, is connected with lock foot stock (23) on backplate (22), and lock foot stock (23) are inside hollow slip casting lock foot stock, and this slip casting lock foot stock is connected with massif rock stratum (3).

5. A tunnel boring protection structure for a V-shaped terrain according to claim 1, wherein: the arched steel arch sleeve (11) and the special-shaped steel arch sleeve (21) are both tubular body components with hollow interiors.

6. A tunnel-entering hole protection structure for V-shaped terrain according to claim 5, characterized in that: the arch-shaped steel arch frame casing pipe (11) and the special-shaped steel arch frame casing pipe (21) are all arranged to be multiple, and multiple arch-shaped steel arch frame casing pipes (11) and multiple special-shaped steel arch frame casing pipes (21) are arranged in an equidistant mode or in an unequal mode.

7. A tunnel boring protection structure for a V-shaped terrain according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting ribs and the connecting pull rod are both hollow or solid tubular bodies or rod-shaped body components.

8. A tunnel-entering hole protection structure for V-shaped terrain according to claim 7, characterized in that: the connecting ribs and the connecting pull rod are rod-shaped body members with solid inner parts, and the rod-shaped body members are reinforcing steel bars.

9. A tunnel boring protection structure for a V-shaped terrain according to claim 8, wherein: the splice bar with connect the pull rod and all set up to many, all be the equidistance between many splice bars and many the connection pull rods or not equidistance lays.

10. A tunnel boring protection structure for a V-shaped terrain according to claim 1, wherein: an injection molding layer, an anti-rust layer and a waterproof layer are sequentially sprayed on the outer surfaces of the arch-shaped steel arch frame (1), the special-shaped steel arch frame (2), the connecting ribs and the connecting pull rods from inside to outside.

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