CN212298956U - Circulating fluidized bed boiler using semi coke or natural gas as fuel - Google Patents
Circulating fluidized bed boiler using semi coke or natural gas as fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN212298956U CN212298956U CN202020457394.4U CN202020457394U CN212298956U CN 212298956 U CN212298956 U CN 212298956U CN 202020457394 U CN202020457394 U CN 202020457394U CN 212298956 U CN212298956 U CN 212298956U
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Abstract
The invention discloses a circulating fluidized bed boiler taking semi-coke or natural gas as fuel, which solves the problem that the existing circulating fluidized bed boiler can not be simultaneously suitable for taking semi-coke as fuel or taking natural gas as fuel. Designing a boiler heating surface capable of adapting to two fuels simultaneously according to the calorific value of semi-coke and the calorific value of natural gas, and arranging a natural gas burner, a semi-coke feeding pipe (5) and an inert material feeding pipe (12) on a fluidized bed combustion chamber (2) simultaneously; when natural gas is used as fuel, the semi-coke feeding pipe and the inert material feeding pipe (12) are closed, and flue gas generated by combustion of the natural gas directly enters a tail flue (13) of the boiler through a cylinder at the upper part of the cyclone separator, so that stable operation of the boiler is realized. When the semi-coke is used as fuel, the quantity of the semi-coke fed into the fluidized bed combustion chamber (2) through the semi-coke feeding pipe is adjusted, so that the circulating fluidized carrier flow is stable, and the stable operation and complete combustion of the semi-coke fuel are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed boiler, in particular to a circulating fluidized bed boiler taking semi coke as fuel or switching to natural gas as fuel and a working method thereof.
Background
Along with the improvement of the environmental protection requirement, the treatment intensity of the smoke emission pollution is also increasingly improved; the circulating fluidized bed boiler of the thermal power plant takes coal as fuel; for the coal used by the circulating fluidized bed boiler of the thermal power plant, the coal is generally crushed into particles with the particle size of less than 10 mm and then is transported to the using place of the power plant by a vehicle, and various substances contained in the coal are directly sent into the circulating fluidized bed boiler to be combusted, so that the loss of a plurality of chemical raw materials in the coal can be caused; meanwhile, with the combustion of coal, nitrogen oxides, sulfides and volatile dust are discharged into the atmosphere, so that the atmosphere pollution is caused, and although a large amount of treatment equipment is put into a power plant to obtain a certain treatment effect, the treatment effect is a problem of treating the symptoms and not treating the root causes.
The boiler with the structure mainly comprises a hearth, a cyclone separator and a heating surface in a tail vertical shaft flue, wherein the cyclone separator is generally connected to the rear part of the hearth and is a cylindrical barrel, a conical transition body is connected to the bottom end of the cylindrical barrel, a return pipe vertically arranged in the vertical direction is connected to a discharge port at the bottom end of the conical transition body, a return box is communicated with the bottom end of the return pipe, the other end of the return box is connected with the return pipe, and the other end of the return pipe is communicated with the bottom of the hearth; the operation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is based on the circulating fluidization process of fuel, namely, the fuel coal added into a hearth is changed into high-temperature ash particles after being combusted, the high-temperature ash particles enter a cyclone separator, the high-temperature ash particles move along the inner cavity of a cylindrical barrel in a spiral path in the cyclone separator in a cyclone manner, the high-temperature ash particles with larger particle sizes are separated, are collected by the inner cavity of a conical transition body, fall to a return box along the inner cavity of a return pipe and then continuously fall into the hearth of the boiler along the return pipe, the unseparated ash particles with smaller particle sizes and flue gas rise from the middle part of the inner cavity of the cylindrical barrel and enter a tail vertical shaft flue to heat a heating surface, namely, the cyclone separator separates the ash particles with different particle sizes; after the separated high-temperature circulating ash particles with a certain particle size returned from the cyclone separator enter the hearth from the material return pipe, the high-temperature circulating ash particles are mixed with primary hot air, secondary hot air and fire coal in the hearth and are in a suspension fluidization state, the mixture in the suspension fluidization state rises in the hearth and is combusted at the same time, new ash particles are generated after combustion, the ash particles enter the cyclone separator again and are separated by the cyclone separator again, and the circulation is repeated in the above way, and because the fire coal contains ash, the ash particles generated after the fire coal form a carrier for circulating fluidization.
Semi coke is a deep processing product of coal, and the semi coke is prepared by a low-temperature dry distillation process at the temperature of about 600 ℃; in the preparation process of the semi-coke, byproducts such as coal tar, coke oven gas and the like can be extracted, so that the comprehensive utilization value of coal is greatly improved; the semi-coke has the characteristics of high fixed carbon content, high specific resistance, high chemical activity, low ash content, low aluminum content, low sulfur content, low phosphorus content and low volatile ash content, and has the remarkable advantages of low nitrogen oxide, low sulfur dioxide and low dust emission when being used as a fuel; if semi-coke is used for replacing coal as fuel of the circulating fluidized bed boiler, pollutants in smoke can be greatly reduced, but the existing circulating fluidized bed boilers are all designed by taking coal as fuel, the circulating fluidized carrier in a hearth is mainly based on ash particles generated after coal burning, and if the fuel of the circulating fluidized bed boiler is changed from the coal to the semi-coke, because the ash content in the semi-coke is greatly reduced, a small amount of ash particles generated after the semi-coke is burnt cannot sufficiently form the circulating fluidized carrier, the circulating flow state of the fuel in the hearth needs to be reconstructed; in addition, especially the hearth arrangement and the arrangement of the heating surfaces of the existing circulating fluidized bed boiler cannot meet the requirements of the semi-coke fuel, the arrangement of the heating surfaces of all parts needs to be redesigned and optimized, and an air supply system and a high-temperature heat-insulation cyclone separator also need to be reset to meet the energy-saving and high-efficiency requirements of the power generation boiler.
The natural gas belongs to clean fuel, the calorific value difference with semi-coke is relatively small, the natural gas boiler has the characteristic of low pollutant emission, and can well meet the national pollutant emission standard, but the natural gas cost is high, and the natural gas boiler is limited in popularization and use in the market due to high operation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a circulating fluidized bed boiler taking semi-coke or natural gas as fuel and a working method thereof, which solve the technical problem that the existing circulating fluidized bed boiler cannot be simultaneously adapted to the semi-coke or natural gas as fuel.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical scheme:
the general concept of the invention is: designing a boiler heating surface capable of adapting to two fuels simultaneously according to the calorific value of semi-coke and the calorific value of natural gas, and arranging a natural gas burner, a semi-coke feeding pipe and an inert material feeding pipe on a fluidized bed combustion chamber simultaneously, wherein the semi-coke feeding pipe and the inert material feeding pipe are suitable for the semi-coke fuel; when the semi-coke is used as fuel, quartz stone with the grain size of less than 3 mm is put into a fluidized bed combustion chamber through an inert material feeding pipe on a boiler, after the boiler is ignited, the quartz stone put into the boiler is heated to 650 ℃ and then the semi-coke with the grain size of less than 3 mm is slowly put into the boiler, the bed temperature of the boiler is raised to about 910 ℃ through gradually reducing the ignition fuel oil of the boiler and gradually increasing the input amount of the semi-coke particles, at the moment, the burning semi-coke ash particles and the heating burning quartz stone particles form a circulating fluidized carrier flow among a hearth, a cyclone separator and a return feeder, then, the grain size and the input amount of the quartz stone put into the inert material feeding pipe are adjusted, the semi-coke amount fed into the fluidized bed combustion chamber through a semi-coke feeding pipe is adjusted, and primary and secondary air intake amounts are adjusted to stabilize the circulating fluidized carrier flow, the bed temperature of the circulating fluidized boiler is stable, and the stable operation and complete combustion of the semi-coke fuel are realized; when natural gas is used as fuel, the semi-coke feeding pipe and the inert material feeding pipe are closed, quartz stones in the hearth are emptied, and flue gas generated after combustion of the natural gas directly enters a flue at the tail part of the boiler through a cylinder at the upper part of the cyclone separator, so that stable operation of the boiler is realized.
A circulating fluidized bed boiler using semi-coke or natural gas as fuel comprises a hearth, a fluidized bed combustion chamber, a water cooling air chamber, a high-temperature heat-insulation cyclone separator, a material returning device and a boiler tail flue, wherein a screen type heating surface is arranged in the hearth, an air distribution plate is arranged between the water cooling air chamber and the fluidized bed combustion chamber, a primary air pipe is arranged in the water cooling air chamber, a secondary air pipe is arranged in the fluidized bed combustion chamber, a throat is arranged between the hearth and the high-temperature heat-insulation cyclone separator, a slag discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed combustion chamber, a semi-coke feeding pipe, an inert material feeding pipe and a natural gas low-nitrogen combustor are respectively arranged on the front wall of the fluidized bed combustion chamber, the natural gas low-nitrogen combustor is connected with a natural gas conveying pipe outside the furnace body, and the ratio of the area of the air distribution plate to the area of the cross: 60, the ratio of the air output of the primary air pipe to the air output of the secondary air pipe is equal to 40: 60, the secondary tuber pipe is arranged around the wall on fluidized bed combustion chamber upper portion, and the secondary tuber pipe is that the individual layer arranges, is provided with quartzy stone bed material on the grid plate, and quartzy stone bed material is put into the stove through inert material feeder pipe, and the particle diameter of the quartzy stone in the quartzy stone bed material is less than or equal to 3 millimeters, has thrown into blue charcoal granule at the fluidized bed combustion chamber, and blue charcoal granule is through blue charcoal inlet pipe throwing into the stove, and blue charcoal granule's particle diameter is less than or equal to 3 millimeters.
A superheater, an economizer and an air preheater are respectively arranged in a flue at the tail part of the boiler, the superheater and the economizer are both arranged in a horizontal light tube mode, and the air preheater is arranged in a vertical or horizontal mode.
The temperature of the hearth is 910 ℃, the pressure at the throat is-100-0 Pa, and the pressure in the fluidized bed combustion chamber is 7500 Pa; the thickness of the quartz stone bed material is 300-400 mm; the quartz stone bed material can also be replaced by furnace ash particles.
The flow state construction method of the circulating fluidized bed boiler when the semi coke is taken as the fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the area of the air distribution plate to ensure that the ratio of the area of the air distribution plate to the area of the cross section of the furnace body of the hearth is equal to 40: 60, adding a solvent to the mixture;
secondly, putting quartz stones with the particle size less than or equal to 3 mm into the furnace through an inert material feeding pipe, so that the thickness of the quartz stone bed material in the fluidized bed combustion chamber is 300-400 mm;
thirdly, heating the quartz stone bed material to 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ through an oil ignition boiler;
step four, the semi-coke particles with the particle size less than or equal to 3 mm are slowly fed into the boiler through a semi-coke feeding pipe, so that the bed temperature of the boiler is continuously increased, the supply of ignition fuel oil of the boiler is gradually reduced, the in-boiler feeding amount of the semi-coke particles is increased until the supply of the ignition fuel oil of the boiler is interrupted, and the in-boiler feeding amount of the semi-coke particles is constant;
fifthly, measuring the oxygen content of the hearth smoke through a hearth smoke oxygen content measuring point at the superheater, and if the oxygen content of the hearth smoke is more than or less than 3-4%, adjusting the primary air intake and the secondary air intake until the oxygen content of the hearth smoke is 3-4%; monitoring the pressure at the upper part of the dense-phase region of the hearth and the pressure at the throat, and if the pressure difference between the pressure at the upper part of the dense-phase region of the hearth and the pressure at the throat is unstable, performing ash discharge adjustment through an ash discharge port on a material returning device or through an ash discharge port at the bottom of the hearth until the pressure difference between the pressure at the upper part of the dense-phase region of the hearth and the pressure at the throat is stable; the bed pressure of the hearth is kept at 7500 Pa, the bed temperature of the hearth is kept at 910 ℃, and the material concentration of the hearth is kept at a higher concentration.
The working method of the circulating fluidized bed boiler using natural gas as fuel comprises the steps of respectively closing a semi-coke feeding pipe and an inert material feeding pipe, connecting a natural gas low-nitrogen combustor with a natural gas conveying pipe outside a boiler body, and adjusting the gas supply quantity of the natural gas after the boiler is ignited to keep the bed temperature of a hearth at 910 ℃.
The invention ensures that the high-efficiency heat transfer is realized at low bed temperature in the hearth when the circulating fluidized bed boiler uses the semi-coke fuel, reduces the original discharge amount of nitrogen oxides in flue gas, and captures unburned particles and quartz stone particles through the cyclone separator to return to the hearth for secondary combustion under the condition of low-temperature combustion, thereby realizing energy-saving and environment-friendly production. Meanwhile, the combustion efficiency of the boiler is improved by improving the penetrating disturbance effect of secondary air in the hearth, the semi-coke consumption of a boiler unit is reduced, the power required by fuel fluidization is reduced, the pressure heads of a primary air fan and a secondary air fan of the boiler are reduced, the power consumption of the air fans is reduced, and therefore the station service power rate of the boiler unit is greatly reduced; when natural gas fuel is switched to be used, the bed temperature can be kept at 910 ℃, so that all parts of the boiler can stably and safely operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the natural gas low-nitrogen burner 18, the semi-coke feeding pipe 5 and the inert material feeding pipe 12 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
a circulating fluidized bed boiler using semi coke or natural gas as fuel comprises a hearth 1, a fluidized bed combustion chamber 2, a water cooling air chamber 15, a high-temperature heat insulation cyclone separator 3, a material returning device 4 and a boiler tail flue 13, a screen type heating surface 10 is arranged in the hearth 1, an air distribution plate 6 is arranged between a water cooling air chamber 15 and the fluidized bed combustion chamber 2, a primary air pipe is arranged in the water-cooling air chamber 15, a secondary air pipe 7 is arranged in the fluidized bed combustion chamber 2, a throat 8 is arranged between the hearth 1 and the high-temperature heat-insulation cyclone separator 3, a slag discharge pipe 17 is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed combustion chamber 2, be provided with blue charcoal inlet pipe 5, inert material feed pipe 12 and natural gas low-nitrogen burner 18 on the front wall of fluidized bed combustion chamber 2 respectively, natural gas low-nitrogen burner 18 links together with the natural gas conveyer pipe 19 outside the furnace body, and the ratio of the area of air distributor 6 and the area of the furnace body cross section of furnace 1 equals 40: 60, the ratio of the air output of the primary air pipe to the air output of the secondary air pipe 7 is equal to 40: 60, secondary tuber pipe 7 is arranged around the wall on fluidized bed combustor 2 upper portion, and secondary tuber pipe 7 is that the individual layer arranges, is provided with quartzite bed material 11 on grid 6, and quartzite bed material 11 is in the stove of throwing into through inert material feed pipe 12, and the particle diameter of the quartzite in the quartzite bed material 11 is less than or equal to 3 millimeters, has thrown into blue charcoal granule at fluidized bed combustor 2, and blue charcoal granule is through blue charcoal inlet pipe 5 and throwing into the stove, and blue charcoal granule's particle diameter is less than or equal to 3 millimeters.
A superheater 14, an economizer 16 and an air preheater 9 are respectively arranged in a boiler tail flue 13, the superheater 14 and the economizer 16 are both arranged in a horizontal light pipe mode, and the air preheater 9 is arranged in a vertical mode or a horizontal mode.
The temperature of the hearth 1 is 910 ℃, the pressure at the throat 8 is-100-0 Pa, and the pressure in the fluidized bed combustion chamber 2 is 7500 Pa; the thickness of the quartz stone bed material 11 is 300-400 mm; the quartz stone bed material 11 may be replaced with furnace ash particles.
The flow state construction method of the circulating fluidized bed boiler when the semi coke is taken as the fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the area of the air distribution plate 6 to ensure that the ratio of the area of the air distribution plate 6 to the area of the cross section of the furnace body of the hearth 1 is equal to 40: 60, adding a solvent to the mixture;
secondly, putting quartz stones with the particle size less than or equal to 3 mm into the furnace through the inert material feeding pipe 12, so that the thickness of the quartz stone bed material 11 in the fluidized bed combustion chamber 2 is 300-400 mm;
thirdly, heating the quartz stone bed material 11 to 600 ℃ and 650 ℃ through an oil ignition boiler;
step four, the semi-coke particles with the particle size less than or equal to 3 mm are slowly fed into the boiler through a semi-coke feeding pipe 5, so that the bed temperature of the boiler is continuously increased, the supply of ignition fuel oil of the boiler is gradually reduced, the in-boiler feeding amount of the semi-coke particles is increased until the supply of the ignition fuel oil of the boiler is interrupted, and the in-boiler feeding amount of the semi-coke particles is constant;
fifthly, measuring the oxygen content of the hearth smoke through a hearth smoke oxygen content measuring point at the superheater 14, and if the oxygen content of the hearth smoke is more than or less than 3-4%, adjusting the primary air intake and the secondary air intake until the oxygen content of the hearth smoke is 3-4%; monitoring the pressure at the upper part of the dense-phase region of the hearth and the pressure at the throat 8, and if the pressure difference between the pressure at the upper part of the dense-phase region of the hearth and the pressure at the throat 8 is unstable, performing ash discharge adjustment through an ash discharge port on a material returning device 4 or through an ash discharge port at the bottom of the hearth until the pressure difference between the pressure at the upper part of the dense-phase region of the hearth and the pressure at the throat 8 is stable; the bed pressure of the hearth 1 is kept at 7500 Pa, the bed temperature of the hearth 1 is kept at 910 ℃, and the material concentration of the hearth 1 is kept at a higher concentration.
The working method of the circulating fluidized bed boiler using natural gas as fuel comprises the steps of respectively closing a semi-coke feeding pipe 5 and an inert material feeding pipe 12, communicating a natural gas low-nitrogen combustor 18 with a natural gas conveying pipe 19 outside a boiler body, and adjusting the gas supply amount of the natural gas after the boiler is ignited to keep the bed temperature of a hearth 1 at 910 ℃; flue gas generated after combustion of natural gas in the hearth enters the high-temperature heat-insulation cyclone separator 3 through the throat 8, then enters the boiler tail flue 13 under the action of negative pressure, and heats the superheater 14, the economizer 16 and the air preheater 9.
The invention ensures that when the circulating fluidized bed uses the semi-coke fuel, the emission of sulfur dioxide can reach the national environmental protection requirement by adding a small amount of limestone into the furnace; meanwhile, the original emission of nitrogen oxides can be ensured to be at an extremely low level.
Claims (3)
1. A circulating fluidized bed boiler using semi-coke or natural gas as fuel comprises a hearth (1), a fluidized bed combustion chamber (2), a water cooling air chamber (15), a high-temperature heat-insulation cyclone separator (3), a material returning device (4) and a boiler tail flue (13), wherein a screen-type heating surface (10) is arranged in the hearth (1), an air distribution plate (6) is arranged between the water cooling air chamber (15) and the fluidized bed combustion chamber (2), a primary air pipe is arranged in the water cooling air chamber (15), a secondary air pipe (7) is arranged in the fluidized bed combustion chamber (2), a throat (8) is arranged between the hearth (1) and the high-temperature heat-insulation cyclone separator (3), a slag discharge pipe (17) is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed combustion chamber (2), and is characterized in that a semi-coke (5), an inert material feeding pipe (12) and a natural gas low-nitrogen combustor (18) are respectively arranged on the front wall of the fluidized bed combustion chamber (2), the natural gas low-nitrogen combustor (18) is connected with a natural gas conveying pipe (19) outside the furnace body, and the ratio of the area of the air distribution plate (6) to the area of the cross section of the furnace body of the hearth (1) is equal to 40: 60, the ratio of the air output of the primary air pipe to the air output of the secondary air pipe (7) is equal to 40: 60, secondary tuber pipe (7) are arranged around the wall on fluidized bed combustor (2) upper portion, secondary tuber pipe (7) are that the individual layer arranges, be provided with quartz bed material (11) on grid plate (6), quartz bed material (11) are in the stove through inert material feeder tube (12), the particle diameter of quartz in quartz bed material (11) is less than or equal to 3 millimeters, it has blue charcoal granule to drop into in fluidized bed combustor (2), blue charcoal granule is through blue charcoal inlet pipe (5) drop-in stove, the particle diameter of blue charcoal granule is less than or equal to 3 millimeters.
2. The circulating fluidized bed boiler using semi coke or natural gas as fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that a superheater (14), an economizer (16) and an air preheater (9) are respectively arranged in the boiler tail flue (13), the superheater (14) and the economizer (16) are both arranged in a horizontal light pipe manner, and the air preheater (9) is arranged in a vertical or horizontal manner.
3. A circulating fluidized bed boiler fueled by semi-coke or natural gas as claimed in claim 2 wherein the temperature of the furnace (1) is 910 degrees celsius, the pressure at the throat (8) is-100-0 pa and the pressure in the fluidized bed combustor (2) is 7500 pa.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114811575A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-07-29 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Coal-fired and natural gas dual-purpose boiler system and using method thereof |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114811575A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-07-29 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Coal-fired and natural gas dual-purpose boiler system and using method thereof |
| WO2023202261A1 (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-10-26 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | Coal-fired and natural-gas dual-purpose boiler system and use method therefor |
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