CN212264550U

CN212264550U - High-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric main shaft

Info

Publication number: CN212264550U
Application number: CN202020237888.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡功明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-03-02
Filing date: 2020-03-02
Publication date: 2021-01-01
Anticipated expiration: 2030-03-02

Abstract

The application discloses a high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle which is mainly used for a workpiece rotating shaft of a grinding machine or a high-end lathe and comprises a spindle mandrel and a servo motor mandrel coaxial integrated structure, three copper bush bearings, a spindle shell, a mounting spindle box body, a servo motor rotor, a stator, a servo motor hollow encoder and an oil supply pipeline; this application innovation lies in integrating traditional static pressure machinery main shaft and dynamic pressure machinery main shaft and is the integration of sound oil pressure, optimize the power motor's of having integrated traditional sound pressure main shaft belt drive's for the structure, adopt servo motor mandrel and sound oil pressure main shaft mandrel to be the structure of same axle center, transmission stationarity has been improved, the belt pulley has been subtracted, the produced vibrations source of belt, the volume is littleer under permanent magnet servo motor's drive, power is stronger, can realize online adjustment rotational positioning at the cavity encoder feedback in-process, the load is by the online real-time closed-loop control of driver, reach the output result of energy-conserving high-efficient accurate positioning.

Description

High-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric main shaft

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure electric spindles, in particular to a high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle.

Background

The main shaft of the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic machine is a high and new technical product with the advanced level in the world developed in 80 years in China, the existing most commonly known main shafts of the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic machine are mainly composed of units of a mechanical structure, and a power source is mainly connected by a motor through a belt pulley in a known method. The main shaft of the dynamic and static hydraulic machinery is directly connected with the motor, and the rotor and the stator of the motor are disassembled and then installed in the middle of the dynamic and static hydraulic machinery shaft. Such as weight, volume, rigidity, precision, thermal stability, programmable numerical control positioning indexing rotation and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle, which may include: the main shaft permanent magnet servo motor is arranged on the main shaft mandrel; the main shaft oil pressure station mechanism supplies oil to a main shaft cavity arranged in a main shaft installation box body; an oil inlet and an oil outlet are formed in the main shaft shell;

the spindle shaft is divided into an output part and an input part; the input part of the spindle mandrel is positioned in a rotor inner hole mandrel of a servo motor, and a coaxial integrated mandrel structure is formed between the servo motor and the spindle mandrel;

the thrust tin bronze sleeve, the box body shaft front cover, the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve and the radial inner support tin bronze sleeve are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the output part of the spindle shaft along the direction from the output end to the input end; a spindle shell is arranged outside the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve and the radial inner support tin bronze sleeve; the front end of the output part of the spindle mandrel is connected with a spindle front end output adapter flange; a main shaft mandrel thrust flange is arranged at the rear end of the bearing of the thrust tin bronze sleeve, and the bearing of the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve is positioned at the rear end of the main shaft mandrel thrust flange; a flange surface is arranged on the radial outer side of the thrust tin bronze sleeve; the bearing for radially supporting the tin bronze sleeve is positioned on the outer surface of one side of the output part of the spindle; the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve bearing and the radial tin bronze sleeve bearing are both positioned on the inner side of the shell of the main shaft shell;

the spindle shell penetrates through the spindle mounting box body and is fixed with the front end of the spindle mounting box body; the shell of the servo motor is fixed with the rear end of the main shaft installation box body through a bolt;

the servo motor includes: the device comprises a main shaft permanent magnet servo motor rotor, a main shaft permanent magnet servo motor stator, a permanent magnet servo motor cooling water jacket, a hollow servo permanent magnet motor absolute value encoder, a rear oil hydraulic cylinder connecting flange and a rear oil hydraulic rotary cylinder or air pressure cylinder;

the spindle permanent magnet servo motor rotor, the spindle permanent magnet servo motor stator, the permanent magnet servo motor cooling water jacket and the shell of the servo motor are sequentially positioned on the outer wall of the input part of the spindle from inside to outside; the main shaft permanent magnet servo motor rotor is connected with a main shaft mandrel through an inner bushing and is fixedly installed in a mode of expanding a sleeve and pressing a cover to fasten a bolt;

the shell of the permanent magnet servo motor is cylindrical, the mounting end is flange-shaped, the other end is a power line outlet end, a sealing end cover is arranged, and a hollow servo permanent magnet motor absolute value encoder is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the sealing end cover; the sealing end cover is provided with a central control encoder sealing end cover; the hollow servo permanent magnet motor absolute value encoder is positioned in a sealed end cover of the central control encoder and is connected with the outside through a permanent magnet servo motor outgoing line sealed joint; the input part of the spindle shaft extends out of a rear end sealing end cover of a shell of the permanent magnet servo motor, and the end part of the spindle shaft is connected with a mounting flange of a hydraulic oil cylinder through a bolt; the mounting flange of the hydraulic oil cylinder is connected with a rear oil hydraulic cylinder connecting flange through a bolt;

the spindle mandrel, the spindle mounting box body, the servo motor and the encoder form a full-sealed three-proofing structure; the rear oil pressure rotary cylinder or the pneumatic cylinder is used as a main shaft workpiece rapid clamping and fixing mechanism.

Further, the spindle mandrel is of a hollow structure and is used for penetrating through a pull rod or connecting to process and produce cutting fluid.

Furthermore, thrust tin bronze cover, radial thrust tin bronze cover, radially support tin bronze cover in, all be equipped with multichannel oil seal ring, the sealing ring is wear-resisting high temperature resistant material, and the material of copper sheathing is high-quality wear-resisting tin bronze.

Furthermore, the box body shaft front cover is provided with a sealing ring for sealing the thrust tin bronze sleeve bearing.

Further, the spindle mounting box body is of a polyhedral cavity structure, wherein a cavity is formed inside the box; two ends of the main shaft mounting box body are used for supporting and fixing the main shaft;

the mounting bottom surface of the spindle mounting box body adopts a small square cavity to avoid space and is provided with reinforcing ribs, and a guide sliding groove is arranged in the middle of the base;

the front end and the rear end of the main shaft installation box body are provided with a plurality of weight avoiding holes below the bottom and the main shaft shell hole, reinforcing ribs are arranged between the holes and the hole wall, oil return hole threaded holes are formed in two sides of the bottom of the box body, oil inlet threaded holes are formed in the upper portion of the box body, and a sealing cover plate is arranged at the top of the box body and locked into the box body through bolts for installation.

Furthermore, the insulation grade of the stator of the spindle permanent magnet servo motor is F grade, and a temperature sensor and a normally closed thermal protector within 130 ℃ are arranged in the stator;

the spindle permanent magnet servo motor rotor and the spindle permanent magnet servo motor stator are both input at a high voltage with a voltage grade of 400V, a 6-pole or 4-pole high-torque winding stator is adopted, a cooling water jacket is arranged on a stator shell and used for cooling the temperature generated by operation, and the spindle permanent magnet servo motor rotor and the spindle permanent magnet servo motor stator can stably operate at a constant temperature through external liquid cooling.

Furthermore, a shell of the permanent magnet servo motor is connected with the main shaft installation box, and the shell of the permanent magnet servo motor is sleeved on the outer circle of the cooling water jacket of the permanent magnet servo motor;

and one end of the shell of the permanent magnet servo motor is provided with a cooling liquid inlet joint, the other end of the shell is provided with a liquid return outlet, and heat generated when the main shaft rotates is taken away through circulation of circulating liquid.

Furthermore, the absolute value encoder of the hollow servo permanent magnet motor is composed of an outer magnetic ring, an inner magnetic ring and an encoder reading head, wherein the inner magnetic ring is fixed on the spindle shaft, and the outer magnetic ring and the encoder reading head are fixed on the outer side of the sealing end cover.

Further, the inner hole of the spindle mandrel is provided with an inner taper hole of a BT or Mohs structure.

Furthermore, the main shaft oil pressure station mechanism comprises an oil station oil containing tank, an oil pressure pump, an oil pressure valve, a pressure gauge, a high-pressure pipeline and a constant-temperature refrigerating oil cooler; the oil station oil-containing tank adopts 5-10# hydraulic spindle oil, the service temperature of the spindle oil is set to be 20-25 ℃, and the pressure of the oil station under the static pressure condition is 1.8-3.5 mpa;

the spindle oil is pumped into the cavity of the spindle shell through the oil pressure station, flows back to the oil pressure station through the oil return port, and is pumped into the cavity of the spindle shell through the oil pressure station, and the spindle oil is controlled by the constant-temperature refrigeration oil cooler to circulate and refrigerate the temperature liquid inflow of the oil so as to achieve the constant-temperature effect.

In the embodiment of the application, the four-in-one whole machine structure of the dynamic and static oil pressure mechanical main shaft, the main shaft rotor and stator, the servo numerical control closed-loop encoder and the main shaft high-precision mounting shell is realized, many middle complex links are simplified and integrated, the transmission precision is improved, the whole stability of the main shaft is improved, the energy consumption in the power transmission process is reduced, the application precision of the whole machine to a machine tool is improved, the whole weight is reduced, and the whole shaft volume is reduced.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spindle shaft;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the interface structure of the spindle;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spindle mounting housing;

fig. 6-8 are schematic views of the mounting structure of the output end of the main shaft in different scenes.

The meaning of the reference symbols in the figures:

100-spindle mandrel, 200-spindle permanent magnet servo motor, 300-spindle mounting box, A-output, B-input, 501-bolt, 101-thrust tin bronze sleeve, 102-box shaft front cover, 103-spindle mandrel thrust flange, 104-radial thrust tin bronze sleeve, 105-radial internal support tin bronze sleeve, 106-fastening bolt, 107-spindle front end output adapter flange, 108-spindle mandrel taper hole, 109-spindle shell, 111-permanent magnet chuck, 112-tip, 113-hydraulic chuck, 114-jaw, 201A-servo motor cooling water inlet, 201B-servo motor cooling water outlet, 202-oil pipe joint, 203-permanent magnet servo motor cooling water jacket, 204-spindle permanent magnet servo motor rotor, 205-stator of a spindle permanent magnet servo motor, 206-absolute value encoder of a hollow servo permanent magnet motor, 207-connecting flange of a backward oil hydraulic cylinder, 208-sealing end cover, 209-sealing end cover of a central control encoder, 210-shell, 211-outlet sealing joint of the permanent magnet servo motor, 212-hydraulic oil cylinder or air cylinder, 216-oil inlet, 217-oil outlet, 218-cavity, 301-hydraulic oil inlet, 302-hydraulic oil outlet, 303-guide sliding groove, 304-upper box cover, 305-side wall of box body, 306-front inner hole wall of box body, 307-fixing screw hole of flange of spindle shell, 308-avoiding vacancy in box body.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

The embodiment of the invention provides a high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo electric spindle, and the high-precision spindle unit is of a rolling bearing type mechanical spindle, a dynamic and static pressure mechanical spindle, a rolling bearing type electric spindle, a dynamic and static pressure electric spindle and the like. The invention realizes the four-in-one whole machine structure of the dynamic and static oil pressure mechanical main shaft, the main shaft rotor and stator, the servo numerical control closed-loop encoder and the main shaft high-precision mounting shell 210, simplifies and integrates a plurality of middle complex links, improves the transmission precision, improves the whole stability of the main shaft, reduces the energy consumption in the power transmission process, improves the application precision of the whole machine to a machine tool, reduces the whole weight and reduces the whole shaft volume.

The electric main shafts are classified into an external electric main shaft and an internal electric main shaft according to the installation mode of the motor, the external electric main shaft is connected with the mechanical main shaft through a coupler or a belt pulley, the electric main shaft has the characteristics of convenience in installation and maintenance and the like, but power and energy consumption can be consumed, the coaxiality precision is not very high in the installation process, and the noise can make a bit; the built-in electric main shaft has the biggest defects that oil seeps into the motor rotor and stator after a long time use and finally causes the damage of a motor, the later maintenance cost is high, and the axle center of the bearing of the shaft shell is easy to damage after repeated assembly and disassembly.

In the prior art, the patent numbers 200420069406.7, 200720063388.5, 201620694091.8, 20121010430201.6 and 201210429927.8 are similar, and the prior arts are not found through searching, so that the reason for describing the precision stability of the dynamic and static hydraulic main shafts and reasonable innovation are provided.

The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle is mainly used for a workpiece rotating shaft of a grinding machine or a high-end lathe, and comprises four main parts, namely a spindle mandrel 100, a spindle permanent magnet servo motor 200, a spindle mounting box body 300 and a spindle oil pressure station mechanism, as shown in figure 1.

The multifunctional electric spindle with high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning in the structure comprises a spindle mandrel 100 which is hollow and can be used for penetrating a pull rod and also can be communicated with cutting fluid for processing and production to be introduced for rapidly cooling a processed workpiece, the spindle mandrel 100 and a servo motor mandrel are coaxial and integrated, and a switching mechanism is not arranged in the middle.

As a specific example, the thrust tin bronze sleeve 101, the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve 104, and the radial internal support tin bronze sleeve 105 are all provided with a plurality of oil seal rings, and the seal rings are made of wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials. The box body shaft front cover 102 is provided with a sealing ring, the box body shaft front cover 102 is further provided with a high-pressure seal, and the box body shaft front cover 102 is used for sealing the thrust tin bronze sleeve 101 bearing. The thrust tin bronze sleeve 101 bearing is positioned at the front end of the spindle thrust flange 103, and the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve 104 bearing is positioned at the rear end of the spindle thrust flange 103; a flange surface is arranged on the radial outer side of the thrust tin bronze sleeve 101; the radial inner supporting tin bronze sleeve 105 bearing is positioned on the outer surface of one side of the input end of the main shaft mandrel 100 body; the radial thrust tin bronze bushing 104 bearing and the radial tin bronze bushing bearing are both located inside the housing of the spindle housing 109.

The innovation of the invention is that the dynamic and static oil pressure main shaft uses three copper sleeves as sliding bearing supports, wherein 2 copper sleeves are set to have thrust action, namely radial and axial supports, and 2 thrust copper sleeves are set at output end positions, the innovation is that the disassembly and the maintenance are convenient, and the precision can be made higher. The copper sleeve is made of high-density cast or forged tin bronze alloy copper, so that the wear resistance is improved, the thermal deformation is controlled, and the micro-gap, micro-deformation and axis matching are achieved. The biggest difference between the dynamic and static oil pressure main shaft and the rolling bearing transmission main shaft is as follows: the rolling bearing is in contact type, and because the bearing consists of a bearing inner ring, a bearing outer ring and a ball or a roller in the middle, the bearing can generate friction and vibration in the rolling process, and the main shaft jumping and the output roundness can be influenced most by the rotation vibration.

Specifically, an oil inlet hole 216 is arranged on the main shaft shell, the hole is connected with a hydraulic oil inlet hole 301 on the box body, a flowing cavity of hydraulic oil is arranged in the main shaft shell, the outlet of the cavity is positioned on the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve 104 and the radial inner support tin bronze sleeve 105, the hydraulic oil enters the position of the bearing sleeve through the cavity, the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve 104 and the radial inner support tin bronze sleeve 105 are respectively provided with a through hole, so that the hydraulic oil can flow between the bearing sleeve and the main shaft shell to the position between the bearing sleeve and the main shaft mandrel, the inner sides of the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve 104 and the radial inner support tin bronze sleeve 105 are respectively provided with a very thin cavity for flowing in the hydraulic oil, after the hydraulic oil enters the position of the bearing sleeve, the bearing sleeve and the main shaft mandrel float under the action of high-pressure oil, and after the mutual floating between the bearing sleeve and the main shaft is ensured, the main shaft rotates at high speed under the, after the main shaft is started, the dynamic pressure bearing capacity and the static pressure bearing capacity formed by the shallow cavity step effect are superposed, the bearing capacity of the main shaft is greatly improved, the phenomenon that the main shaft and the bearing are abraded due to dry friction when the liquid dynamic pressure bearing is started and stopped is overcome, the service life and the precision retentivity of the main shaft and the bearing are improved, the homogenization function and the good vibration resistance of a high-pressure oil film are realized, and the main shaft is ensured to have high rotation precision and running stability.

The spindle shell can be further provided with an oil outlet 217, so that hydraulic oil can flow back into the box body, and the oil outlet 217 of the spindle shell can be directly connected with a pipe joint and flow back into the spindle oil pressure station mechanism.

In the structure, a copper bush bearing and an axis of a dynamic and static oil pressure main shaft are in close micro-clearance fit, high-pressure main shaft oil is pumped into a closed shaft cavity, so that the axis and a copper bush are floated under the action of pressure, an output mandrel of the main shaft and the copper bush are not in contact with each other under the action of high-pressure oil in the actual use process, a sealing element is contacted with the copper bush bearing and the mandrel, a mechanical sealing element is composed of a plurality of O-shaped rings or oil seals, a large amount of heat can be generated in the high-speed rotation process of the main shaft after reprocessing, the axis of the main shaft and the copper bush can be heated by the heat energy, the heat expansion ratio of copper and bearing steel is different, the heat conduction and the temperature rise of copper are faster than that of steel, the temperature rise of the main shaft can be locked by the temperature rise of the copper bush along with the increase of the rotating speed of the main shaft, and finally the copper bush and the. In order to solve the problem of temperature rise of load and rotating speed, the traditional published patent method is to increase the amount of pumped oil and enlarge the flow rate of a pump opening, and the method can solve some problems of temperature rise, but can increase the capacity and the power consumption of a hydraulic station. How to make the oil temperature constant is the key that the dynamic and static oil pressure main shaft can be stably used with high precision, so a more reasonable oil refrigeration device is added in various published patents to achieve the purpose of online control of the oil temperature, one to two temperature sensors are additionally arranged at copper sleeves of the dynamic and static oil pressure main shaft, the temperature is transmitted to a numerical control system through the temperature sensors under different working conditions of the main shaft, the numerical control system sends signals to a numerical control oil refrigerator after receiving different temperatures, and the numerical control oil refrigerator automatically adjusts the refrigeration temperature and flow rate after receiving the signals, so that the main shaft can basically work under a constant temperature state to achieve the aim of stable use with high precision. The innovation is characterized in that a fully smart and self-care brain is added to the hydraulic fluid of the main shaft, so that the body temperature can be automatically adjusted.

Main shaft installation box 300 in this application is polyhedron cavity structure, and wherein incasement portion is the cavity, and the main hydraulic oil of backward flow is stored in order to subtract heavy and switching, stores when doing zero hour to the inside high-pressure oil backward flow of main shaft, plays and cools off in the cavity, conveniently inserts by switching oil filler pipe joint 202 again, sends back the oil pressure station and carries out constant temperature cooling, and the high-pressure pump of recirculation goes into in the main shaft. Main shaft installation box 300 mainly supports the fixed of main shaft by box both ends precision finishing, for further obtaining case high rigidity, the light weight, lies in box installation bottom surface and adopts the small square cavity to keep away the sky and set up the strengthening rib, is equipped with direction sliding tray 303 in the middle of the base, makes things convenient for whole box can shift position on mounting platform. The front end and the rear end of the spindle mounting box body 300 are provided with a plurality of weight avoiding holes below the bottom and the spindle shell 109, reinforcing ribs are arranged between the holes and the hole walls, oil return hole threaded holes are formed in two sides of the bottom of the box body, oil inlet threaded holes are formed in the upper portion of the box body, a sealing cover plate is arranged at the top of the box body, and the box body is locked into the spindle mounting box body through bolts 501. The main shaft installation box body 300 is formed by casting and molding high-quality cast iron and then performing 6-surface finish machining.

In this application, servo motor includes: a main shaft permanent magnet servo motor rotor 204, a main shaft permanent magnet servo motor stator 205, a permanent magnet servo motor cooling water jacket 203, a hollow servo permanent magnet motor absolute value encoder 206, a rear oil hydraulic cylinder connecting flange 207 and a rear oil pressure rotary cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder. The spindle permanent magnet servo motor rotor 204, the spindle permanent magnet servo motor stator 205, the permanent magnet servo motor cooling water jacket 203 and the shell 210 of the servo motor are sequentially positioned on the outer wall of the input part of the spindle mandrel 100 from inside to outside; the spindle permanent magnet servo motor rotor 204 is connected with the spindle mandrel 100 through an inner bushing and is installed and fixed in a manner of expanding a bushing and pressing a cover fastening bolt 106.

The shell 210 of the permanent magnet servo motor is cylindrical, the mounting end is flange-shaped, the other end is a power line outlet end, a sealing end cover 208 is arranged, and a hollow servo permanent magnet motor absolute value encoder 206 is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the sealing end cover 208; a sealing end cover 209 of the central control encoder is arranged on the sealing end cover 208; the hollow servo permanent magnet motor absolute value encoder 206 is positioned in the central control encoder sealing end cover 209 and is connected with the outside through a permanent magnet servo motor outgoing line sealing joint 211; the input part of the spindle shaft 100 extends out of the rear end sealing end cover 208 of the housing 210 of the permanent magnet servo motor, the end part is connected with a hydraulic cylinder mounting flange through a bolt 501, and the hydraulic cylinder mounting flange is connected with a rear oil hydraulic cylinder connecting flange 207 through the bolt 501.

The rotor 204 of the main shaft permanent magnet servo motor and the stator 205 of the main shaft permanent magnet servo motor are used in a matched combination mode, the insulation grade of the stator is F grade, and a temperature sensor and a 130 ℃ normally closed thermal protector are arranged in the stator. The inner circle and the outer circle of the rotor are finely ground to achieve good dynamic balance, and the rotor is connected with the spindle 100 through the inner bushing and is fixedly installed in a mode of an expansion sleeve and a gland fastening bolt 106. The spindle permanent magnet servo motor rotor 204 and the spindle permanent magnet servo motor stator 205 adopt high voltage input with the voltage grade of 400V and adopt a 6-pole or 4-pole high-torque winding stator, a stator shell is provided with a cooling water jacket for cooling the temperature generated by operation, and the spindle permanent magnet servo motor rotor and the spindle permanent magnet servo motor stator can stably operate at constant temperature through external liquid cooling.

The permanent magnet servo motor main shell 210 is connected with the spindle mounting box 300, the permanent magnet servo motor main shell 210 is sleeved on the outer circle of the stator water jacket, the stator is fixed in the spindle housing 210 through precise matching, one end of the main shell 210 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet joint, the other end of the main shell is provided with a liquid return outlet, and heat generated when the spindle rotates is taken away through circulation of circulating liquid. The main casing 210 of the permanent magnet servo motor is cylindrical, the mounting end is flange-shaped, the other end is a power line outlet end, a sealing end cover 208 is arranged, and a hollow servo permanent magnet motor absolute value encoder 206 is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the sealing end cover 208.

The hollow servo permanent magnet motor absolute value encoder 206 comprises an outer magnetic ring, an inner magnetic ring and an encoder reading head, the inner magnetic ring is fixed on the rotatable spindle 100, the outer magnetic ring and the encoder reading head are fixed on the outer side of the sealing end cover 208, the inner magnetic ring is driven to rotate along with the rotation of the spindle 100, data information can be accurately fed back to a numerical control system through the reading head on the outer magnetic ring, and the purpose of online real-time measurement and control is achieved. The outgoing line of the hollow servo permanent magnet motor absolute value encoder 206 is fixed at the rear end of the motor main shell 210 by a sealed outgoing line box and a sealed coding line joint.

The invention has the innovation that the rotor and the stator of the servo motor are assembled in a rear-mounted mode, the axis of the motor and the axis of the dynamic and static pressure main shaft are integrated and have the same axis, and the integral axis precision is improved. The hollow transition connecting rings are reduced, and the coaxial concentric high-precision manufacturing result is achieved.

The invention is characterized in that the rotor and the stator of the motor adopt a permanent magnet servo structure and use a hollow absolute value high-precision grating encoder, and an international universal and M2\ M3 bus high-end numerical control system can be used in the process of matching with a numerical control system. The hollow absolute value high-precision grating encoder can be used for positioning along with the rotation process, and the positioning precision can reach the angle second. The encoder is added, namely, a core piece is added into a servo motor, a microcomputer is added, the encoder is used for real-time online control with a numerical control system, the actual rotating speed of a main shaft, the external load of the main shaft and the current and voltage of the main shaft can be transmitted to the numerical control system through the encoder in real time, a numerical control driver can adjust the current and voltage in real time according to the size of the load, real energy conservation is achieved, the motor is searched from the electric main shaft of the published patent, the speed of the motor is only adjusted through a frequency converter, but the numerical control system cannot actually detect the real speed and the load, and the frequency converter is only subjected to analog control and cannot achieve real-time closed-loop control, and the concept is similar to. After the absolute value high-precision grating encoder is arranged, the main shaft has barriers, the numerical control system can detect basic reasons of faults, such as current and voltage overload and overcurrent main shaft seizing, can set the reasons of the faults in the numerical control system, prompts an alarm and provides guarantee for use of a maintenance point. The basic standard of the intelligent spindle is achieved. The invention is characterized in that the main shaft can be braked, stopped and positioned at any time period in the production process of the numerical control machine tool, angle processing and indexing can be carried out, and the main shaft can also rotate at high speed for grinding.

In this application, a rear hydraulic cylinder coupling flange 207 is fixed to the rear end of the main shaft 100 by a fastening bolt 106, and a rear hydraulic rotary cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder is fixed to the coupling flange by the fastening bolt 106. The rear oil pressure rotary cylinder or pneumatic cylinder oil supply and air supply system is supplied with oil by an external oil pressure station, high-pressure oil is pumped in by a high-pressure pipeline, and the tensioning and loosening of the oil pressure cylinder are controlled by a numerical control system through an electromagnetic valve. When the pneumatic cylinder is used, high-pressure air can be input through the air pump, the tensioning and loosening of the pneumatic cylinder are controlled by the numerical control system through the electromagnetic valve, and the oil hydraulic cylinder and the pneumatic cylinder can be selectively used according to different working conditions.

The output adapter flange 107 at the front end of the main shaft is mainly used for different workpieces and can be quickly replaced, a pull rod in a central hole of the main shaft mandrel 100 is connected with a hydraulic chuck 113 or an elastic collet chuck additionally arranged at the output end of the main shaft through a rear-mounted oil pressure rotary cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder, and the pull rod can be tensioned and loosened under the control of a numerical control system, so that automatic loading and unloading of a manipulator are realized, and automatic continuous production is realized. After the output adapter flange 107 disc at the front end of the main shaft is replaced, a permanent magnetic chuck 111 can be additionally arranged, and various special-shaped workpieces can be adsorbed. The inner hole of the spindle mandrel 100 is provided with an inner taper hole with a BT or Mohs structure, an apex 112 can be additionally arranged, and the outer peripheral surface of a workpiece can be rotatably processed by pressing the workpiece through two apexes of the tailstock apex 112 of a machine tool.

The output shaft core structure of the main shaft determines multiple purposes of the main shaft, and the invention designs and innovates a plurality of schemes, so that the static oil pressure main shaft has more comprehensive effects in practical application. The spindle for the workpiece to be machined is hollow and may be connected to pull rod in penetrating mode, and the output end of the spindle is of Morse or BT series structure.

Main shaft oil pressure station mechanism in this application holds the oil tank including oil station, oil hydraulic pump, oil pressure valve, the manometer, high-pressure line, the cold machine of constant temperature refrigeration is constituteed, and what this structure adopted is prior art's scheme, therefore just does not describe here any more. The invention provides a liquid source description of a dynamic and static oil pressure main shaft, and repeated experimental demonstration for many years shows that the use of 5-10# hydraulic main shaft oil is determined as the best scheme, but not other liquids or oils in the published patent, and research experiments show that the main shaft can achieve stable and high-precision operation without simply finding one liquid or oil, and the application and the matching of the main shaft oil are very important technologies. The using temperature of the spindle oil is determined to be between 20 and 25 ℃, and the most reasonable using pressure of the oil pressure station under the static pressure condition is 1.8 to 3.5 mpa. Main shaft oil is pumped into a dynamic and static pressure main shaft cavity through an oil pressure station, flows back to the oil pressure station through an oil return port, and then is pumped into a dynamic and static pressure main shaft through the oil pressure station, and the main shaft oil in the oil pressure station is controlled by an oil refrigerator to realize oil temperature liquid inlet flow circulation refrigeration to achieve a constant temperature effect.

The invention is characterized in that the invention provides the limitation of the speed regulation range of the dynamic and static oil pressure main shafts, the dynamic and static oil pressure main shafts have special non-contact bearings to prevent the dynamic and static oil pressure main shafts from vibrating, but the speed regulation range is wide, the micro gap between the main shaft core and the copper sleeve must be enlarged when the rotating speed is high, the larger the known gap is, the thicker the oil film is formed when the pumped oil quantity is, but the oil film gap can be extruded along with the weight of an external load to cause the increase of the main shaft core jumping and lose the direct and positive precision. Therefore, the final rotating speed of the main shaft is determined by the gaps between different copper sleeves and the shaft center, the increase of the pumped oil pressure is limited, if the normal oil pressure is 1.8-2.5MPA, if the oil pressure exceeds 4.0MPA, a physical mechanical structure can hardly be sealed, the oil can leak to damage a sealing element, and in addition, the pumping of high-pressure oil enables the main shaft cavity to bear ultra-strong pressure, so that all metal structural parts are deformed under the action of expansion force to lose precision. The technology summarized from years of experiments proves that the range of the rotating speed of the main shaft of dynamic and static oil pressure cannot be wide, and the precision of the main shaft can be ensured only when the main shaft is used in a certain range. The heavy-load low-rotation-speed spindle has the speed regulation range of 0-500 revolutions, for example, the rotation speed of a workpiece spindle on a grinding machine is usually 300 revolutions and can be regulated to 800 revolutions at most. The grinding wheel spindle of the grinding machine with medium load usually rotates 2000 revolutions, and the highest rotating speed can be adjusted to 3000 revolutions. The invention is innovative in that the adjustable rotating speed range of the dynamic and static oil pressure main shaft is provided under the condition of ensuring the precision and the rigidity. The final aim of creating the dynamic and static oil pressure main shaft is to obtain ultrahigh rotation precision and ultrahigh rotation rigidity, but the ultra-wide rotation speed range can not be achieved temporarily in the experiment of more than 10 years. The invention sets the speed regulation range of the heavy-load main shaft to be within 500 turns most reasonably, the speed regulation range of the medium-load main shaft is within 1000 turns most reasonably, and the speed regulation range of the light-load main shaft does not exceed 2000 turns most reasonably.

The found patent has no innovative design of dynamic and static hydraulic main spindle box body, the installation design of the box body is the guarantee of the final precision of the main spindle, the material of the box body is the key for ensuring the higher installation precision of the main spindle, and the material of the box body adopts high-quality cast iron with TH300 or more and can also use high-quality alloy steel for reducing the volume and improving the rigidity. The TH300 cast iron is cast, tempered and destressed, rough machined, deep-cooled and finish machined to obtain a complete machined finished product, and the alloy steel is subjected to rough machining, quenching and tempering heat treatment, deep-cooled and finish machined to obtain the complete machined finished product. The box body is mainly characterized by a box body structure, an inner cavity, front and back lightening and vacancy avoidance positions, supporting circular walls at two ends of the box body, a box body cover, a box body bottom guide groove, a high-pressure oil inlet transfer port and an oil discharge port.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing embodiments, and various equivalent changes (such as number, shape, position, etc.) may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical spirit of the present invention, and the equivalents are protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a multi-functional electric main shaft of servo location able to programme of high-accuracy sound oil pressure permanent magnetism, installs on grinding machine or high-end lathe work piece rotation axis, its characterized in that: the spindle comprises a spindle mandrel, a spindle permanent magnet servo motor, a spindle shell, a spindle mounting box body and a spindle oil pressure station mechanism; the main shaft oil pressure station mechanism supplies oil to a main shaft cavity arranged in a main shaft installation box body; an oil inlet and an oil outlet are formed in the main shaft shell;

the thrust tin bronze sleeve, the box body shaft front cover, the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve and the radial inner support tin bronze sleeve are sequentially arranged on the outer side of the output part of the spindle shaft along the direction from the output end to the input end; sleeve shafts of the main shaft shell are arranged outside the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve and the radial inner support tin bronze sleeve; the front end of the output part of the spindle mandrel is connected with a spindle front end output adapter flange; a main shaft mandrel thrust flange is arranged at the rear end of the bearing of the thrust tin bronze sleeve, and the bearing of the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve is positioned at the rear end of the main shaft mandrel thrust flange; a flange surface is arranged on the radial outer side of the thrust tin bronze sleeve; the bearing for radially supporting the tin bronze sleeve is positioned on the outer surface of one side of the output part of the spindle; the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve bearing and the radial tin bronze sleeve bearing are both positioned on the inner side of the shell of the main shaft shell;

2. The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

the spindle mandrel is of a hollow structure and is used for penetrating through the pull rod or communicating with the pull rod to process and produce cutting fluid.

3. The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

the thrust tin bronze sleeve, the radial thrust tin bronze sleeve and the radial inner support tin bronze sleeve are all provided with a plurality of oil sealing rings, and the sealing rings are made of wear-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials.

4. The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

and the box body shaft front cover is provided with a sealing ring for sealing the thrust tin bronze sleeve bearing.

5. The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

the main shaft mounting box body is of a polyhedral cavity structure, wherein a cavity is formed inside the box; two ends of the main shaft mounting box body are used for supporting and fixing the main shaft;

6. The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

the insulation grade of the stator of the spindle permanent magnet servo motor is F grade, and a temperature sensor and a normally closed thermal protector within 130 ℃ are arranged in the stator;

7. The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

the shell of the permanent magnet servo motor is connected with the main shaft mounting box, and the shell of the permanent magnet servo motor is sleeved on the excircle of the cooling water jacket of the permanent magnet servo motor;

8. The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

the absolute value encoder of the hollow servo permanent magnet motor is composed of an outer magnetic ring, an inner magnetic ring and an encoder reading head, wherein the inner magnetic ring is fixed on a spindle shaft, and the outer magnetic ring and the encoder reading head are fixed on the outer side of a sealing end cover.

9. The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

the inner hole of the spindle mandrel is provided with an inner taper hole of a BT or Mohs structure.

10. The high-precision dynamic and static oil pressure permanent magnet servo programmable positioning multifunctional electric spindle according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

the main shaft oil pressure station mechanism comprises an oil station oil containing tank, an oil pressure pump, an oil pressure valve, a pressure gauge, a high-pressure pipeline and a constant-temperature refrigerating oil cooler; the hydraulic oil of the oil station oil-containing tank adopts 5-10# hydraulic spindle oil, the service temperature of the spindle oil is set to be 20-25 ℃, and the pressure of the oil station under the static pressure condition is 1.8-3.5 mpa;