CN212199141U - Single-nozzle gasification furnace - Google Patents
Single-nozzle gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN212199141U CN212199141U CN202020890129.5U CN202020890129U CN212199141U CN 212199141 U CN212199141 U CN 212199141U CN 202020890129 U CN202020890129 U CN 202020890129U CN 212199141 U CN212199141 U CN 212199141U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a single nozzle gasifier. The device comprises a furnace body and a nozzle positioned at the top of the furnace body; the furnace body comprises a furnace body shell and a hearth from outside to inside in sequence, and the hearth is divided into a hearth arch section and a hearth straight section from top to bottom; the outlet of the nozzle extends into the hearth; the gasification furnace also comprises a first electromagnetic coil and a second electromagnetic coil which take the middle shaft of the gasification furnace as the axis and are wound on the straight cylinder section of the hearth; the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil are used for generating two equidirectional magnetic fields; the vertical distance between the first electromagnetic coil and the outlet of the nozzle is 0.25-0.5 times of the diameter of the straight cylinder section of the hearth; the vertical distance between the second electromagnetic coil and the outlet of the nozzle is 1.5-2.5 times of the diameter of the straight cylinder section of the hearth. The single-nozzle gasification furnace overcomes the defect that solid materials such as refractory bricks and the like cannot restrict gasification flame at high temperature, thereby improving the reaction strength in unit volume of a high-temperature flame region; the carbon conversion rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a single nozzle gasifier.
Background
The coal gasification technology, one of the core technologies of the clean coal technology, is the basis of developing coal-based chemicals, coal-based liquid fuels, advanced IGCC power generation, poly-generation systems, hydrogen production, fuel cells and other process industries, is a common technology, a key technology and a faucet technology of the industries, and has extremely wide application fields and products. The entrained flow coal gasification technology, particularly the high-pressure and large-capacity entrained flow coal gasification technology, has good economic and social benefits, and is the most mature and widely applied clean coal utilization technology.
The entrained flow coal gasification technology adopts the gasification temperature of 1300-1700 ℃ and slag tapping, and the gasification process is changed from chemical reaction control (fixed bed) at about 900 ℃ and chemical reaction and transmission control (fluidized bed) at about 1100 ℃ to transmission control. As a core device of the entrained flow gasification process, the gasification furnace operates at high temperature and high pressure, which can improve the carbon conversion rate and avoid the generation of tar and phenols. The overhead single nozzle structure is one of the most common structures of the gasification furnace, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and relatively low investment cost, so the overhead single nozzle structure is widely applied, but the flow field characteristics of the overhead and axially downward jet flow of the nozzle and the high-temperature flame area under the nozzle are not easy to control, the retention time of particles in the gasification furnace is relatively short, the carbon conversion rate of the gasification furnace is relatively low, the gasification effect is obviously inferior when the gasification furnace is large-sized, and the development of the technology is limited.
The prior art controls high temperature flames (above 2200 c), such as those in gasifiers, are mostly confined in space by refractory materials. Because the high-temperature flame temperature is higher, on the one hand, the requirement on refractory materials is higher; on the other hand, the corrosion to the refractory material is also strong, thereby increasing the cost of the factory and wasting manpower and material resources.
Therefore, there is a need for an apparatus and method that can increase or restrict the high temperature region in a gasifier.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to overcome the unable gasification flame of restraint under high temperature (flame outer flame temperature is greater than 2200 ℃) of entity material structures such as resistant firebrick, lead to the reaction intensity in the regional unit volume of high temperature flame lower to the lower defect of gasification intensity, and provide a single nozzle gasifier.
The utility model discloses an above-mentioned technical problem is solved to following technical scheme:
a single nozzle gasification furnace comprises a furnace body and a nozzle positioned at the top of the furnace body;
the furnace body comprises a furnace body shell and a hearth from outside to inside in sequence, and the hearth is divided into a hearth arch section and a hearth straight section from top to bottom;
the outlet of the nozzle extends into the hearth;
the gasification furnace also comprises a first electromagnetic coil and a second electromagnetic coil which take the middle shaft of the gasification furnace as the axis and are wound on the straight cylinder section of the hearth; the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil are used for generating two equidirectional magnetic fields;
the vertical distance between the first electromagnetic coil and the outlet of the nozzle is 0.25-0.5 times of the diameter of the straight cylinder section of the hearth;
and the vertical distance between the second electromagnetic coil and the outlet of the nozzle is 1.5-2.5 times of the diameter of the straight cylinder section of the hearth.
In the utility model, preferably, the nozzle with the central axis of furnace body is the same.
The utility model discloses in, as required, the nozzle can be the conventional multichannel nozzle in this field, for example, the nozzle can be binary channels nozzle, three-channel nozzle, four-channel nozzle or five-channel nozzle.
Wherein, preferably, the nozzle is a two-channel nozzle comprising a channel for delivering an oxidant and a channel for delivering a fuel. The ratio of the inner diameter of the channel for transporting oxidant to the inner diameter of the channel for transporting fuel may be conventional in the art, preferably 1:2 to 1: 6.
The channel for delivering oxidant may be an inner channel or an outer channel in the two-channel nozzle. The channel for delivering fuel may also be an inner or outer channel in the two-channel nozzle. When the inner and outer passages are used to deliver fuel and oxidant, respectively, a positive diffusion flame is typically formed upon ignition at the outlet of the nozzle. Wherein a back-diffusion flame is generally formed upon ignition at the outlet of the nozzle when the inner and outer passages are used to deliver oxidant and fuel, respectively.
When the double-channel nozzle forms positive diffusion flame, oxidant and fuel respectively enter the nozzle from the outer channel of the nozzle and the inner channel of the nozzle, the oxidant and the fuel are ejected from the outlet of the nozzle, the exit direction is along the axis of the nozzle, the axis of the nozzle is vertical downward, and high-temperature flame is generated after ignition.
Wherein, a nozzle cooling water inlet and a nozzle cooling water outlet are preferably arranged at different positions of the nozzle. And cooling water in the nozzle enters the cooling water channel from the nozzle cooling water inlet, cools the nozzle and then flows out along the nozzle cooling water outlet.
The utility model discloses in, preferably, the outside of nozzle is still overlapped and is equipped with the nozzle protection cover.
Wherein, the nozzle protection jacket is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet at different positions. And cooling water in the nozzle protection jacket enters the cooling water channel from the cooling water inlet, cools the jacket and then flows out along the cooling water outlet.
Because a high-temperature environment above 1300 ℃ exists in the gasification furnace, the surface material of the nozzle can be damaged to influence the normal operation of the gasification furnace due to the long-time operation of the nozzle at high temperature, so that the nozzle protection jacket can provide redundant water-cooling protection, and the furnace body can be continuously kept sealed after the cooling water circulation is closed even if the nozzle protection jacket is damaged in the high-temperature environment, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the nozzle in the gasification furnace.
Wherein, preferably, the outlet diameter of the nozzle protection jacket is 1.2 to 1.5 times of the outlet diameter of the nozzle.
Wherein the connection of the nozzle and the nozzle protection jacket can be conventional in the art, preferably by a double-clamped ball valve. The pinch ball valve may be conventional in the art.
When the nozzle is connected with the nozzle protection jacket through the butt-clamp ball valve, the nozzle can be replaced on line under the condition of high temperature in the gasification furnace, and the nozzle can be taken out when needed as long as the matching between the nozzle and the nozzle protection jacket is met; the airtight valve is closed, the airtight valve is opened when the nozzles with different structures are replaced, and a new nozzle is inserted, forward diffusion flame or backward diffusion flame is formed by exchanging the inner channel and the outer channel of the nozzle, or the double-channel nozzle is replaced by a three-channel nozzle or a multi-channel nozzle to meet different operation requirements, so that the operation flexibility of the gasification furnace is improved.
In the utility model, the furnace body shell and the furnace chamber are provided with a refractory lining.
Wherein, preferably, the front end of the nozzle protection jacket is flush with the top inner wall of the refractory lining.
The flame-resistant lining is used for isolating high heat generated by flame, and magnetic fields generated by the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil can further improve the flame constraint effect under the action of flame and flow field constrained by the flame-resistant lining. The refractory lining may be conventional in the art, such as refractory bricks conventional in the art.
And refractory cotton is preferably filled between the furnace body outer shell and the refractory lining. The refractory wool may be conventional in the art.
The utility model discloses in, the furnace body shell can be the box hat.
In the present invention, the means for generating the voltage by the electromagnetic coil is known to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, the number of turns of the first electromagnetic coil and/or the second electromagnetic coil is preferably 50 to 200 turns.
The utility model discloses in, preferably, first solenoid is connected with the output of first voltage regulator. Preferably, the second electromagnetic coil is connected with the output end of the second voltage regulator.
The voltage regulator is generally provided with a voltage regulator input terminal. The voltage regulator can be with outside alternating current conversion for the direct current, export after the pressure regulating to the output terminal positive pole of voltage regulator with the output terminal negative pole of voltage regulator.
Preferably, the voltage at the output end of the first voltage regulator is equal to the voltage at the output end of the second voltage regulator.
When the single-nozzle gasification furnace of the utility model is adopted for gasification, the gasification method comprises the following steps: forming flame with outer flame temperature over 2200 deg.C at the outlet of the nozzle, and gasifying.
Wherein, when the nozzle is a dual channel, the ratio of oxygen to carbon in the oxidant and the fuel is preferably 0.6-1.5.
Wherein the gasification reaction intensity during gasification is realized by adjusting the magnetic field intensity between the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil.
Wherein the magnetic field intensity is generally adjusted by the voltage at the output end of the voltage regulator. The larger the output voltage of the pressure regulator is, the larger the magnetic field intensity is, the more remarkable the constraint effect on flame is, so that the gasification reaction is stronger during gasification, and the carbon conversion rate is higher; conversely, the lower the carbon conversion.
That is, the voltage regulator can change the magnetic field intensity that first solenoid and second solenoid formed to change the magnetic field intensity distribution of magnetic mirror, and produce the carbon conversion rate improvement effect of different gasifiers, but the carbon conversion rate improvement effect has the limit, and when plasma in the high temperature flame was in the motion to second solenoid, its velocity of motion exceeded the limiting speed that magnetic mirror can restrain plasma, the escape of plasma will take place, and the carbon conversion rate under this condition is promptly the maximum carbon conversion rate that the gasifier can improve, and maximum carbon conversion rate has the extreme value, is 99%.
The gasification method is mainly realized by a magnetic mirror principle: two sets of magnetic fields are generated by two sets of electromagnetic coils under the action of electromagnetic induction, wherein the direction of the magnetic field generated by the first electromagnetic coil is consistent with that of the magnetic field generated by the second electromagnetic coil, a magnetic field structure-magnetic mirror with strong two ends and weak middle is formed together, the nozzle generates a considerable amount of plasma in high-temperature flame formed in the gasification process, the plasma enters the magnetic mirror formed by the magnetic field when passing through the inner ring of the first electromagnetic coil, and the plasma is constrained by the magnetic field in the magnetic mirror and shuttled into a space formed by the two sets of electromagnetic coils and a hearth, so that the axial length of a flame high-temperature area is shortened, the reaction strength in the unit volume of the high-temperature flame area is improved, and the purpose of improving the carbon conversion.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined at will to obtain the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
The reagent and the raw material used in the utility model are available on the market.
The utility model discloses an actively advance the effect and lie in:
1) the single-nozzle gasification furnace overcomes the defect that solid materials such as refractory bricks and the like cannot restrict gasification flame at high temperature, thereby improving the reaction strength in unit volume of a high-temperature flame region; the carbon conversion rate is improved.
2) Compared with the case of only adopting refractory bricks, the carbon conversion rate obtained by strengthening gasification strength by using a magnetic field can be improved by 0.5-2%.
3) This high carbon conversion rate single nozzle gasifier has improved the utility model discloses a practicality and flexibility greatly.
4) Adopt the utility model discloses a high carbon conversion rate single nozzle gasifier need not increase the inside pressure of gasifier and can obtain high carbon conversion rate to make nozzle and nozzle protection to press from both sides the ball valve connection of the butt clamp that can adopt the pressure resistance less strong, nevertheless facilitate the use between the cover.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the single nozzle gasifier with high carbon conversion rate of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-furnace body shell, 2-refractory lining, 3-nozzle protective jacket, 4-cooling water inlet, 5-cooling water outlet, 6-nozzle, 7-nozzle cooling water inlet, 8-nozzle cooling water outlet, 9-nozzle feeding outer channel, 10-nozzle feeding inner channel, 11-first voltage regulator, 12-first electromagnetic coil, 13-second voltage regulator, 14-second electromagnetic coil, 15-magnetic field direction generated by first electromagnetic coil, 16-magnetic field direction generated by second electromagnetic coil, furnace 17, furnace arch section 18 and furnace straight cylinder section 19.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by way of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 Single-nozzle gasification furnace
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a high-carbon conversion single-nozzle gasifier according to the present invention.
The gasification furnace comprises a furnace body and a nozzle which is positioned at the top of the furnace body and is coaxial with the furnace body; the furnace body comprises a furnace body shell 1, a refractory lining 2 and a hearth 17 from outside to inside; the furnace 17 is divided into a furnace arch section 18 and a furnace straight section 19 from top to bottom.
The nozzle structure comprises a nozzle protection jacket 3 and a nozzle 6, wherein the nozzle protection jacket 3 is provided with a cooling water inlet 4 and a cooling water outlet 5, and the nozzle 6 is provided with a nozzle cooling water inlet 7, a nozzle cooling water outlet 8, an outer channel 9 and an inner channel 10. The nozzle protection jacket 3 and the nozzle 6 are connected by a double-clamped ball valve. Through this butt clamp ball valve, close airtight valve after, can change with nozzle protection cover 3 matched with nozzles, through the inside and outside passageway of exchange nozzle in order to form forward diffusion flame or anti-diffusion flame, or change the binary channels nozzle for three channel nozzle or multichannel nozzle in order to satisfy different operation needs to improve the flexibility of gasifier operation.
The first electromagnetic coil 12 is connected to the first voltage regulator 11, and the second electromagnetic coil 14 is connected to the second voltage regulator 13. The gasification furnace works under normal pressure, and the gasification temperature is 1350 ℃.
The furnace body shell 1 is a stainless steel shell with the inner diameter of 800mm and the thickness of 8mm, the inner layer is a corundum refractory lining 2 with the inner diameter of 300mm and the thickness of 80mm, and a ceramic fiber heat-insulating blanket is filled between the furnace body shell 1 and the refractory lining 2. The nozzle protection jacket 3 with the water cooling channel extends into the furnace body shell 1, the diameter of an insertion section is 120mm, the length is 600mm, the foremost end of the nozzle protection jacket 3 is basically flush with the inner surface of the top of the vault of the refractory lining 2, a small hole with the diameter of 5mm is formed in the front end of the nozzle protection jacket, cooling water of the nozzle protection jacket 3 enters from a cooling water inlet 4 and flows out along a cooling water outlet 5 after cooling the jacket, the inlet-outlet temperature difference of the cooling water in the normal working state of the gasification furnace is 5 ℃, therefore, the nozzle protection jacket 3 can provide redundant water cooling protection, even if the nozzle protection jacket 3 is damaged in a high-temperature environment, the furnace body can still be continuously kept sealed after the cooling water circulation is closed, and the service life of the nozzle 6 in the gasification. The nozzle protection jacket 3 and the nozzle 6 are made of high-temperature resistant materials.
Oxidant and fuel enter the nozzle from an outer channel 9 of the nozzle and an inner channel 10 of the nozzle respectively and are ejected from the front end of the nozzle through a small hole at the front end of a nozzle protection jacket 3, the ejection direction vertically faces to the inside of a hearth 17 along the axis, and the inner diameter ratio of the outer channel 9 of the nozzle to the inner channel 10 of the nozzle is 1: 4. After being ignited, high temperature flame is generated. In this embodiment, the material of the outer channel 9 of the nozzle is oxygen, the material of the inner channel 10 of the nozzle is coal water slurry with the concentration of 60%, the oxygen flow is adjusted by a mass flow meter, and the coal water slurry flow is adjusted by a calibrated screw pump. The two materials are ignited and form flame after entering the gasification furnace, the highest temperature of the center of the flame can reach more than 2300 ℃, and considerable plasma is formed.
As shown in fig. 1, the vertical distance between the first electromagnetic coil 12 and the outlet of the nozzle 6 is 0.25 times of the inner diameter of the straight furnace cylinder section 19, the vertical distance between the second electromagnetic coil 14 and the outlet of the nozzle 6 is 2 times of the inner diameter of the straight furnace cylinder section 19, the two electromagnetic coils are respectively powered by the first voltage regulator 11 and the second voltage regulator 13 and generate two sets of corresponding magnetic fields under the action of electromagnetic induction, and the input of the first voltage regulator 11 and the input of the second voltage regulator 13 are both 380V alternating current.
Claims (10)
1. A single-nozzle gasification furnace is characterized by comprising a furnace body and a nozzle positioned at the top of the furnace body;
the furnace body comprises a furnace body shell and a hearth from outside to inside in sequence, and the hearth is divided into a hearth arch section and a hearth straight section from top to bottom;
the outlet of the nozzle extends into the hearth;
the gasification furnace also comprises a first electromagnetic coil and a second electromagnetic coil which take the middle shaft of the gasification furnace as the axis and are wound on the straight cylinder section of the hearth; the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil are used for generating two equidirectional magnetic fields;
the vertical distance between the first electromagnetic coil and the outlet of the nozzle is 0.25-0.5 times of the diameter of the straight cylinder section of the hearth;
and the vertical distance between the second electromagnetic coil and the outlet of the nozzle is 1.5-2.5 times of the diameter of the straight cylinder section of the hearth.
2. The single-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle is the same as a central axis of the furnace body;
the different positions of the nozzle are also provided with a nozzle cooling water inlet and a nozzle cooling water outlet;
the nozzle is a double-channel nozzle, a three-channel nozzle, a four-channel nozzle or a five-channel nozzle.
3. The single nozzle gasifier according to claim 2, wherein the nozzle is a two-pass nozzle including a passage for delivering an oxidant and a passage for delivering a fuel;
the ratio of the inner diameter of the channel for conveying the oxidant to the inner diameter of the channel for conveying the fuel is 1: 2-1: 6.
4. The single nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a nozzle protection jacket is further sleeved outside the nozzle.
5. The single nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 4, wherein the outlet diameter of the nozzle protection jacket is 1.2 to 1.5 times the outlet diameter of the nozzle;
and cooling water inlets and cooling water outlets are arranged at different positions of the nozzle protection jacket.
6. The single-nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 4, wherein the connection of the nozzle to the nozzle protection jacket is achieved by a double-clamped ball valve;
the outlet of the nozzle and the bottom end of the nozzle protection jacket are flush with the inner top surface of the hearth.
7. The single nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a refractory lining is provided between the furnace body casing and the hearth.
8. The single nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 7, wherein refractory wool is filled between the furnace body outer shell and the refractory lining.
9. The single nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the number of turns of the first electromagnetic coil and/or the second electromagnetic coil is 50 to 200 turns.
10. The single nozzle gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the first electromagnetic coil is connected to an output end of the first pressure regulator;
and the second electromagnetic coil is connected with the output end of the second voltage regulator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020890129.5U CN212199141U (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-05-22 | Single-nozzle gasification furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020890129.5U CN212199141U (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-05-22 | Single-nozzle gasification furnace |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN212199141U true CN212199141U (en) | 2020-12-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202020890129.5U Active CN212199141U (en) | 2020-05-22 | 2020-05-22 | Single-nozzle gasification furnace |
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| CN (1) | CN212199141U (en) |
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- 2020-05-22 CN CN202020890129.5U patent/CN212199141U/en active Active
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