CN212094368U - High-speed electric spindle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-speed electric spindle, including tool changing subassembly and main shaft assembly, main shaft assembly includes main shaft body, axle core and broach mechanism, the main shaft body with be equipped with the bearing group between the axle core, a serial communication port, the tool changing subassembly is including promoting impeller, the fixed/unclamp that broach mechanism slided the taut piece of axle core, the taut piece is fixed force application direction during the axle core with the impeller is right broach mechanism's force application opposite direction. The utility model discloses be equipped with the automatic tool changing subassembly of changing the cutter, adopt during the cutter changing to take-up to the axle core taut can eliminate most when the cutter changing because of the broach mechanism slides the axial force that produces the bearing, the cutter changing is convenient, quick, has prolonged the life of electricity main shaft moreover.

Description

High-speed electric spindle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a high-speed combined machining technical field of intelligence especially relates to high-speed electric main shaft.

Background

The electric main shaft is a new technology which integrates a machine tool main shaft and a main shaft motor into a whole and appears in the field of numerical control machine tools, and the electric main shaft, together with a linear motor technology and a high-speed cutter technology, pushes a high-speed machining technology to a new era. Specifically, the electric spindle is a set of components, which generally includes the electric spindle itself and its accessories, mainly including: the device comprises an electric main shaft, a high-frequency conversion device, an oil mist lubricator, a cooling device, a built-in encoder, a tool changing device and the like. The transmission structure form of the spindle motor and the machine tool spindle which are combined into a whole enables the spindle part to be relatively independent from a transmission system and an integral structure of the machine tool, so that the spindle unit can be made, and the traditional transmission structure utilizing a transmission belt is replaced, so that the rotating speed of the spindle is greatly improved, and the spindle motor is more and more popular in the market today.

The applicant is dedicated to research and development work of the high-speed electric spindle, for example, a high-speed electric spindle is described in a chinese patent document with an application number of 201820319554.1 and a patent name of "a high-speed ball bearing electric spindle", and mainly comprises a cylinder assembly, a cylinder block assembly, a rear bearing block assembly, a body assembly, a front bearing block assembly, a rotor assembly, a front bearing pressing plate assembly and a broach mechanism, and the motor is internally provided with a structure, has the characteristics of compact structure, light weight, small inertia, small vibration, low noise and the like, and can realize high rotating speed, high precision and high operation stability.

However, with the development of industry upgrading and technology, the direction of technology development is not only how to realize high-speed rotation, but also more people put eyes on the tool changing mode of the machining center, because the tool changing manipulator is a key functional component for stable and reliable operation of the machining center. The quick and accurate tool changing program is an important factor influencing the high-efficiency and reliable machining performance of the machining center. Without a tool changing robot, a machining center with centralized processes for machining is impossible.

At present, a manipulator tool changing mode is mostly adopted for an automatic tool changer, the manipulator tool changing device is flexible in configuration of a tool magazine, relative position of the manipulator tool changing device and a main shaft and tool number determination, the manipulator tool changing number and the tool changing mode are random, tool changing time is short, application is wide, tool changing time of BT40 abroad reaches 0.9 second, tool changing time of BT50 reaches about 1.5 seconds, and vertical and horizontal dual-purpose cam type tool changing manipulators and five-axis linkage tool changing manipulators are researched domestically. Correspondingly, whether the tool changing mechanism in the electric spindle can keep pace with the development of tool changing of the manipulator is also an important problem.

Also disclosed a high-speed electricity main shaft in another application number 201721064815.1, the chinese patent of patent name "a high-speed compound carving mills center and goes out pneumatic tool changing electricity main shaft", including the organism, be located rotation axis subassembly, stator module, pretension mechanism in the organism and being located the front bearing and the rear bearing at rotation axis subassembly both ends still including being located tool changing mechanism in the rotation axis subassembly, being located connector on the organism rear end, with cylinder subassembly, center that the connector is connected go out water mechanism and sealing mechanism, and it adopts cylinder and tool changing mechanism to cooperate, realizes snatching and loosening the handle of a knife, and the whole process of tool changing is accomplished to the cooperation manipulator.

In the tool changing process of the scheme, the operation is that "0.6 MPa of compressed air is injected into the tool unloading air inlet T0 to push the front piston 24 to move forward so as to compress the disc spring assembly 14 and the pulling claw 9 moves forward and opens automatically for tool changing",

but when claw and pull rod antedisplacement are drawn in the drive, the pull rod must produce great axial effort (7000N ~ 10000N) to the axle core, and this effort is shared by the bearing of cover establishing at the outside both ends of axle core, causes the inside ball of bearing to roll off easily and breaks away from, and in case there is vibration or deviation in the conduction process of power, all can produce very big impact to the bearing, causes the damage of bearing.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In order to solve the defect that the bearing is easy to damage when the cutter is detached in the prior art, the utility model provides a high-speed electric main shaft.

The utility model discloses a technical scheme be, a high-speed electric main shaft, including tool changing subassembly and main shaft subassembly, main shaft subassembly includes main shaft body, axle core and broach mechanism, the main shaft body with be equipped with the bearing group between the axle core, its characterized in that, the tool changing subassembly is including promoting impeller, the tensioning/the loosening that broach mechanism axial slided the taut piece of axle core, the taut piece is fixed force application direction during the axle core with the impeller is right broach mechanism's force application opposite direction.

Preferably, the pushing piece is an oil cylinder push rod, the tensioning piece is an unloading claw, and the oil cylinder push rod and the unloading claw are acted by the same power source and are opposite in stress direction.

Preferably, the tool changing assembly further comprises a cover body and an oil cylinder outer seat, the cover body comprises an oil cylinder rear cover, an oil cylinder front cover and an oil cylinder shell fixedly connected to the oil cylinder outer seat, the oil cylinder rear cover is provided with an oil inlet, the oil cylinder rear cover is fixedly connected with the oil cylinder front cover, and the oil cylinder front cover is buckled and abutted with the unloading claw;

the outer edges of the oil cylinder rear cover, the oil cylinder push rod and the oil cylinder front cover are all sleeved with sealing rings and are in sliding butt joint with the inner wall of the oil cylinder shell, and when oil is fed from an oil inlet, the oil cylinder push rod and the oil cylinder rear cover are simultaneously pressed and move in the reverse direction.

Preferably, the broach mechanism includes handle of a knife, draws claw clack, slides and wears to locate inside pull rod of axle core, cover are located belleville spring group on the pull rod, the one end of pull rod with oil cylinder push rod butt, the other end of pull rod is through sliding the butt/keeping away from draw claw clack, and the drive draw claw clack to loosen/hold tightly the handle of a knife.

Preferably, the shaft core is close to a shaft core unloading ring is fixedly sleeved at one end of the oil cylinder push rod, one end of each unloading claw is buckled and abutted to the oil cylinder front cover and the other end of each unloading claw is buckled and abutted to the shaft core unloading ring.

Preferably, the tool changing assembly further comprises a rotary joint and a rotary joint connecting rod, a regular polygonal cavity is formed in the rotary joint, the rotary joint connecting rod is a regular polygonal rod and is in plug-in fit with the rotary joint inner cavity, and the other end of the rotary joint connecting rod, which is far away from the rotary joint, is fixedly connected with the broach mechanism.

Preferably, the outer wall of the rotary joint is provided with a water inlet and a pressure relief port which are communicated with the inner cavity, the rotary joint connecting rod, the pull rod and the cutter handle are internally provided with through holes which are communicated, and when the electric spindle works, cutting fluid is injected from the water inlet to sequentially pass through the rotary joint connecting rod, the pull rod and the cutter handle to the center hole of the cutter and then to discharge water.

Preferably, an air cylinder seat assembly is further arranged between the tool changing assembly and the spindle assembly, the air cylinder seat assembly comprises an air cylinder seat and a plurality of joints, one side of the air cylinder seat is fixedly connected with the tool changing assembly, and the other side of the air cylinder seat is fixedly connected with an encoder assembly.

Preferably, the bearing group comprises a front end bearing and a rear end bearing, the front end bearing and the rear end bearing are both provided with cooling water channels, and a cooling water channel is also arranged between the main shaft body and the front end bearing.

Preferably, the front end bearing and the rear end bearing are both ceramic ball bearings.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect will have:

1. when the push rod of the oil cylinder pushes the broach mechanism to unload the broach, the axial acting force applied by the broach mechanism is unloaded from the bearing and transferred to the tool changing assembly because the unloading claw supports and strains the shaft core, so that the acting force on the bearing is reduced, and the service lives of the bearing and the electric spindle are prolonged;

2. the whole electric main shaft adopts a circulating water path, so that heat generated when the main shaft body works can be timely dissipated, a good working environment is maintained, and meanwhile, a cooling water path is specially designed for the bearing, so that the service life of the electric main shaft is prolonged;

3. the electric spindle has a central water outlet function when in work, can timely cool the contact part of the cutter and the workpiece, prolongs the service life of the cutter and improves the processing efficiency of products;

4. the ceramic ball bearing adopted by the main shaft has very good friction performance, can reduce the stress of materials and a lubricant, can realize life lubrication in the service life cycle of the bearing, is simple and convenient to use, has higher elastic modulus of ceramic, and can improve the rigidity of the bearing.

Drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the electric spindle of the present embodiment;

fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a part of the tool changing assembly of the present embodiment.

3. A knife handle; 4. a front cover; 6. a front bearing seat pressing plate; 8. a front bearing seat; 17. a steel wire retainer ring for the shaft; 18. a pull rod iron ring; 19. a pull rod; 21. a coil; 22. a main shaft body; 25. a rear bearing block cover plate; 26. a spring catch; 30. an encoder backplane; 32. an encoder; 37. a front cover of the oil cylinder; 40. a cylinder push rod; 43. a cylinder housing; 45. a swivel joint connecting rod; 59. unloading the claw; 60. a shaft core unloading ring; 62. a rear bearing seat; 63. pre-tightening the spring; 64. a squirrel cage compression ring; 65. a disc spring set; 66. the pull rod is a disc spring space ring; 67. a mouse cage; 68. a shaft core; 70. pulling a claw; 72. a pull pawl spring mechanism; 73. a claw is pulled; 77. a bearing housing; 78. a front bearing backing ring; 83. a rear cover of the oil cylinder; 85. a rotary joint; 86. a water inlet; 87. a pressure relief port; 94. a cylinder block; 97. an oil cylinder outer seat.

Detailed Description

A high-speed electric spindle comprises a tool changing assembly, a cylinder seat assembly and a spindle assembly, wherein the spindle assembly comprises a rear bearing seat assembly, a spindle body 22, a front bearing seat assembly, a rotor assembly, an encoder assembly and a broach mechanism.

As shown in fig. 1, the broaching mechanism includes a pulling rod 19, a belleville spring set 65, a pulling rod belleville spring spacer 66, a pulling rod iron ring 18, a shaft steel retainer 17, a BT40 knife handle 3, a movable expanding sleeve, a pulling claw 73, a pulling claw 70 and a pulling claw spring mechanism 72, the pulling rod 19 is slidably inserted into a shaft core 68, and the belleville spring set 65 is located between the shaft core 68 and the pulling rod 19 and is sleeved on the pulling rod 19. In another embodiment, the tool shank 3 can be in other models, the specific model can be selected according to actual requirements, the BT40 broaching mechanism is adopted in the embodiment, the dynamic precision is good in the whole rotating speed range through the unique taper positioning of BT, and compared with other broaching mechanisms, the BT broaching mechanism has larger dynamic and static radial rigidity and good cutting performance.

Three oil grooves are formed in the flange of the pull rod 19 and the outer circle of the pull rod disc spring spacer ring 66, a proper amount of lubricating oil is coated during assembly, and an oil film can be formed between the outer circle of the pull rod 19 and the inner wall of the shaft core 68, so that the pull rod 19 can smoothly slide in the shaft core 68 when the electric spindle is used for changing and loosening tools. The function of the steel wire retainer ring 17 for the shaft is to enable the disc spring set 65 of the broaching mechanism to have certain pretightening force during assembly, so that the assembly is easier. The whole broach mechanism is compact in structure and can provide 10000N of broach force for the electric spindle, wherein the belleville spring group 65 can be replaced by a rectangular spring or a double-spiral spring and the like.

The rotor assembly is sleeved outside the pull rod 19 and mainly comprises a shaft core 68, a squirrel cage 67 and a squirrel cage compression ring 64, the shaft core 68 is sleeved on the pull rod 19 in a sliding mode, the squirrel cage 67 and the squirrel cage compression ring 64 are coated on the shaft core 68, the squirrel cage 67, the squirrel cage compression ring 64 and the shaft core 68 are connected in an interference mode, and the interference range is 0.01-0.02 mm. The rotor assembly is used as a core component of the whole rotating body, the flange protruding in the middle of the shaft core 68 and the flange of the squirrel cage compression ring 64 are provided with threaded holes for adjusting dynamic balance, and the balance of the rotor assembly can be adjusted by a weighting method during assembly test. The inner hole of the shaft core 68 adopts a standard BT40 interface, so that the universality is high, various BT40 knife handles 3 on the market can be universal, and other interface models such as A63 interfaces, ISO40 interfaces and the like can be designed according to actual requirements.

As shown in fig. 1, the squirrel cage 67 is covered with the coil 21, the coil 21 is covered with the main shaft body 22, and the main shaft body 22 is a core part for connecting the whole electric main shaft with the outside and is also an assembly main body of the whole electric main shaft core accessory. The main shaft body 22 is a straight cylinder structure, the structure is simple to process, the consumed materials are less, eight circulating cooling water paths are arranged inside the main shaft body 22, the coil 21 is guaranteed to be kept in a constant temperature state during working, and the transition positions of circulating water at two ends are sealed by O-shaped rings, so that the novel multi-stage water cooling device is economical and practical and is convenient to install. The coil 21 is axially and radially positioned through a coil positioning hole on the side surface of the main shaft body 22; the main shaft body 22 has two screw holes for adjusting the dynamic balance of the shaft core 68. In this embodiment, the maximum rotation speed of the main shaft body 22 can reach 2 ten thousand revolutions per minute, and the coil 21 adopts a high-torque output coil, so that the main shaft body 22 has higher torque at the same rotation speed as that of a similar electric main shaft.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the tool changing assembly includes a pushing member for pushing the pull rod 19 of the broaching mechanism to slide in the shaft core 68, a tightening member for abutting/loosening the shaft core 68, a cover body, and a cylinder outer seat 97, in this embodiment, the pushing member is the cylinder push rod 40, the tightening member is the unloading claw 59, and the force application direction of the unloading claw 59 abutting the shaft core 68 is opposite to the force application direction of the cylinder push rod 40 to the broaching mechanism. The cover body comprises an oil cylinder rear cover 83, an oil cylinder front cover 374 and an oil cylinder shell 43 fixedly connected to the oil cylinder outer base 97, an oil inlet is formed in the oil cylinder rear cover 83, and the oil cylinder rear cover 83 is fixedly connected with the oil cylinder front cover 37 through bolts. One end of the shaft core 68 close to the oil cylinder push rod 40 is fixedly sleeved with a shaft core unloading ring 60, one end of the unloading claw 59 is buckled and abutted with the oil cylinder front cover 37, and the other end is buckled and abutted with the shaft core unloading ring 60. The outer edges of the oil cylinder rear cover 83, the oil cylinder push rod 40 and the oil cylinder front cover 37 are all sleeved with sealing rings and are in sliding abutting joint with the inner wall of the oil cylinder shell 43, the sealing rings are GREEN rings, the sealing rings have good sealing effect and low friction coefficient, and the power loss of the oil cylinder during working is small. The oil cylinder push rod and the unloading claw are acted by the same power source and are stressed in opposite directions, namely when oil enters the oil inlet, the oil cylinder push rod and the oil cylinder rear cover are simultaneously pressed and move in opposite directions. In the embodiment, the tool changing assembly adopts the oil cylinder and the accessories thereof to realize the effect of tool changing and unloading operation, and in another embodiment, the tool changing assembly can also be replaced by adopting the form of the air cylinder and the accessories thereof.

When the electricity main shaft needs the tool changing, the hydraulic oil of certain oil pressure is injected through the oil inlet, promote the hydro-cylinder push rod 40 and move forward and transmit pressure to broach mechanism on, it is concrete, can the butt and promote pull rod 19 and move forward, but because the existence of belleville spring group 65 can produce certain buffer stroke, simultaneously because lid 83 behind the hydro-cylinder and hydro-cylinder protecgulum 37 equal sliding connection in hydro-cylinder shell 43, can order about lid 83 behind the hydro-cylinder under the counter-force effect of hydraulic oil this moment and move backward, and lid 83 behind the hydro-cylinder then can drive the hydro-cylinder protecgulum 37 simultaneous movement backward rather than fixed connection. Further, because the oil cylinder front cover 37 is buckled and abutted with the shaft core 68, the oil cylinder front cover 37 can be abutted against the shaft core 68 after moving for a short stroke, at the moment, the oil cylinder front cover 37 stops moving backwards due to being tensioned with the shaft core 68, and only the pull rod 19 is driven to move forwards when hydraulic oil is continuously injected. Because the oil cylinder front cover 37 and the shaft core 68 are in a tensioned state, the axial acting force generated by the forward movement of the pull rod 19 on the side wall of the shaft core 68 is transferred to the oil cylinder front cover 37, so that the axial acting force borne by the bearing is removed, and the service life of the bearing and the electric spindle is prolonged.

The pulling claw 70 is arranged in the shaft core 68 in a sliding mode, the pulling claw 73 is connected to the inner wall of the shaft core 68 in a rotating mode, one end of the pull rod 19 is abutted to the oil cylinder push rod 40, the other end of the pull rod 19 can abut against/be far away from the pulling claw 73 through sliding, and the pulling claw 73 is driven to loosen/clasp the knife handle 3. Specifically, when the pull rod 19 is pushed to move forwards by the oil cylinder push rod 40, the end part is abutted to the pull claw 70, the pull claw 70 moves forwards to release the holding effect on the pull claw 73, so that the pull claw 73 is opened to lose the holding effect on the tool holder 3, and the tool changing operation can be realized by matching with an external tool changing manipulator at the moment. When hydraulic oil is injected into the other oil injection port of the oil cylinder rear cover 83 to enable the oil cylinder push rod 40 to retreat, the pull rod 19 retreats and resets under the action of the belleville spring group 65, meanwhile, the oil cylinder rear cover 83 also moves forwards and resets, and drives the oil cylinder front cover 37 to move forwards and reset, so that the abutting effect on the shaft core 68 is removed, meanwhile, due to the fact that the pull rod 19 retreats and resets, the pull claw 73 rotates and resets under the action of the spring and tightly holds the knife handle 3, and the installation process of the knife is achieved.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the tool changing assembly further comprises a rotary joint 85 and a rotary joint connecting rod 45, a regular polygonal cavity is formed inside the rotary joint 85, the rotary joint connecting rod 45 is a regular polygonal rod and is in splicing fit with the cavity inside the rotary joint 85, and the other end, far away from the rotary joint 85, of the rotary joint connecting rod 45 is fixedly connected with a pull rod 19 of the broach mechanism in a threaded manner. In this embodiment, the inner cavity of the rotary joint 85 is a regular octagon, and the side of the rotary joint connector is also a regular octagon.

Water inlet 86 and the pressure release mouth 87 of intercommunication inside cavity are seted up to rotary joint 85's outer wall, rotary joint connecting rod 45, link 19 and the inside through-hole that link up all has been seted up of handle of a knife 3, pour into the cutting fluid into from water inlet 86 when electricity main shaft work and can pass rotary joint connecting rod 45 in proper order, link 19, remove the cover that expands, handle of a knife 3 is until the centre bore of cutter and play water, thereby reach the purpose that the center goes out water, can in time cool off the contact site of cutter and work piece, the life of cutter has been prolonged, the machining efficiency of product has been improved.

Still be equipped with cylinder block subassembly between tool changing subassembly and the main shaft assembly, the cylinder block subassembly includes cylinder block 94 and a plurality of joint, one side and tool changing subassembly fixed connection of cylinder block 94, the opposite side fixedly connected with encoder subassembly of cylinder block 94. The cylinder seat 94 has an inlet and an outlet cooling water ports near the cylinder end, and provides circulating cooling water for the spindle cooling water path when the electric spindle works, so that the electric spindle keeps constant temperature when in use, and the thermal stability of the electric spindle is improved. The cylinder seat 94 has a dust blowing gas interface near the cylinder end, when the electric spindle works, because the processing tool has a large amount of cutting fluid, the dust blowing gas entering from the position can form an air seal at the front end of the electric spindle, so that the cutting fluid can not enter the electric spindle, thereby protecting the bearing and prolonging the service life of the electric spindle. The cylinder block 94 also has a cable port, an encoder port, and a signal port near the cylinder end.

The encoder assembly mainly comprises an encoder bottom plate 30, an encoder 32 and a locking screw. There is the constant head tank on the encoder bottom plate 30, can be with the accurate installation of encoder 32 on encoder bottom plate 30, also have the locating hole that corresponds with rear bearing seat 62 on the encoder bottom plate 30 simultaneously, just so guaranteed rear bearing seat 62, encoder bottom plate 30, encoder 32's installation accuracy. The encoder bottom plate 30 is matched with the cylinder block 94 and the rear bearing block 62 through small gaps (0.005-0.01 mm), so that the assembly precision of the electric spindle is guaranteed, the effects of high-speed low torque and low-speed high torque of the electric spindle can be realized through the encoder 32, and the electric spindle has the functions of engraving, milling and tapping.

The rear bearing seat assembly mainly comprises a rear bearing seat 62, a rear bearing seat cover plate 25, a pre-tightening spring 63, a spring stop piece 26 and various screws. The rear bearing seat cover plate 25 is connected with the rear bearing seat 62 through screws, and the split structure is easier to process and has stronger interchangeability. The inner side of the rear bearing seat cover plate 25 is provided with 40 holes for placing the pre-tightening springs 63, the pre-tightening springs 63 are arranged in each hole, then the springs are pressed by the spring blocking pieces 26, and the pre-tightening force of the bearing is changed by adjusting the clearance between the spring blocking pieces 26 and the rear bearing seat cover plate 25.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the front bearing block assembly basically includes a front bearing block 8, a bearing block housing 77 and four cutting fluid connectors. The front end bearing and the rear end bearing are both provided with cooling water channels, the cooling water channels are also arranged between the main shaft body 22 and the front end bearing, the bearings are all ceramic ball bearings, the friction performance is very good, the stress of materials and lubricating agents can be reduced, the elastic modulus of ceramic is high, and the rigidity of the bearings can be improved. The front bearing seat 8 is designed in an integral structure, a flange of the electric spindle and a water path of the spindle body 22 are circulated on the front bearing seat 8, and the front bearing seat 8 and the spindle body 22 are in clearance fit in a precise level and are locked through bolts. Four uniformly distributed cutting fluid joints are arranged on a flange of the front bearing seat 8, and when the electric spindle is processed, cutting fluid can be sprayed or blown in four different directions simultaneously, so that waste residues on the surfaces of a cutter and a workpiece can be blown off in time.

The bearing seat housing 77 is further fixed with a front bearing seat pressure plate 6 assembly, which mainly comprises a front bearing seat pressure plate 6, a front cover 4 and a front bearing backing ring 78. The front bearing support plate 6 presses the bearing against the flange of the shaft core 68 via the front bearing backing ring 78, so that the bearing is positioned in the axial direction of the electric spindle. A cavity is formed between the front bearing seat pressing plate 6 and the front cover 4, when the electric spindle works, compressed air with certain air pressure is injected through a dust blowing joint on the air cylinder seat 94, an air cavity is formed in the cavity, so that cutting fluid and water mist at the front end cannot enter the electric spindle when the electric spindle is machined, a bearing is protected, air flow can be sprayed out of the encoder bottom plate 30, the rear bearing seat 62, the spindle body 22, the front bearing seat 8, the front bearing seat pressing plate 6 and the front cover 4, powder can not enter the electric spindle, the inside of the electric spindle is in a dust-free state, and the service life of the electric spindle is longer.

The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A high-speed electric spindle comprises a tool changing assembly and a spindle assembly, wherein the spindle assembly comprises a spindle body, a spindle core and a broach mechanism, and a bearing assembly is arranged between the spindle body and the spindle core.

2. The high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 1, wherein the pushing member is a cylinder push rod, the tensioning member is an unloading claw, and the cylinder push rod and the unloading claw are acted by the same power source and are stressed in opposite directions.

3. The high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 2, wherein the tool changing assembly further comprises a cover body and an outer cylinder base, the cover body comprises a rear cylinder cover, a front cylinder cover and a cylinder shell fixedly connected to the outer cylinder base, the rear cylinder cover is provided with an oil inlet, the rear cylinder cover is fixedly connected with the front cylinder cover, and the front cylinder cover is buckled and abutted with the unloading claw;

the outer edges of the oil cylinder rear cover, the oil cylinder push rod and the oil cylinder front cover are all in sliding butt joint with the inner wall of the oil cylinder shell, and when oil enters the oil inlet, the oil cylinder push rod and the oil cylinder rear cover are simultaneously pressed and move in the reverse direction.

4. The high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 1, wherein the broaching mechanism comprises a tool shank, a claw, a pull rod slidably disposed in the spindle core, and a belleville spring set sleeved on the pull rod, one end of the pull rod abuts against the oil cylinder push rod, and the other end of the pull rod abuts against/is away from the claw by sliding, and drives the claw to loosen/clasp the tool shank.

5. The high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 2, wherein a spindle unloading ring is fixedly sleeved at one end of the spindle close to the cylinder push rod, and one end of the unloading claw is buckled and abutted to the cylinder front cover and the other end thereof is buckled and abutted to the spindle unloading ring.

6. The high-speed motorized spindle according to claim 1, wherein the tool changing assembly further comprises a rotary joint and a rotary joint connecting rod, a regular polygonal cavity is formed in the rotary joint, the rotary joint connecting rod is a regular polygonal rod and is in plug fit with the rotary joint inner cavity, and the other end, far away from the rotary joint, of the rotary joint connecting rod is fixedly connected with the broach mechanism.

7. The high-speed electric spindle according to claim 6, wherein a water inlet and a pressure relief port communicating with the internal cavity are formed in an outer wall of the rotary joint, through holes are formed in the rotary joint connecting rod, the pull rod and the tool shank, and when the electric spindle works, cutting fluid is injected from the water inlet and can sequentially pass through the rotary joint connecting rod, the pull rod and the tool shank to reach a center hole of the tool and then flow out.

8. The high-speed motorized spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a cylinder block assembly is further disposed between the tool changing assembly and the spindle assembly, the cylinder block assembly comprises a cylinder block and a plurality of joints, one side of the cylinder block is fixedly connected with the tool changing assembly, and the other side of the cylinder block is fixedly connected with an encoder assembly.

9. The high-speed motorized spindle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the bearing set comprises a front bearing and a rear bearing, cooling water channels are provided at the front bearing and the rear bearing, and a cooling water channel is also provided between the spindle body and the front bearing.

10. A high speed electric spindle according to claim 9, wherein the front end bearing and the rear end bearing are both ceramic ball bearings.

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