CN212016471U

CN212016471U - Low-frequency ultrafast laser color spot treatment device

Info

Publication number: CN212016471U
Application number: CN201922222319.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹晶; 沈星宇; 吴锐恒; 于志浩; 郑俊荣
Original assignee: Peking University
Current assignee: Peking University
Priority date: 2019-12-12
Filing date: 2019-12-12
Publication date: 2020-11-27
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-12

Abstract

The utility model discloses a low-frequency ultrafast laser color spot treatment device, which comprises a laser generating and conducting mechanism, an imaging mechanism and a sample bearing mechanism; the laser generating and conducting mechanism comprises a low-frequency ultrafast laser source, an electronic shutter, a first reflector, a second reflector, a high-reflection mirror and a rotary objective table; the imaging mechanism comprises a white lighting lamp source, a plano-convex mirror, a third reflector and an imaging camera; the sample bearing mechanism is a sample support table. The device provided by the utility model utilizes the interaction of ultrafast high-field laser and tissues; meanwhile, a space accurate positioning system is utilized to remove color spots at a micron level without damaging the dermis, and no pain or scar is left.

Description

Low-frequency ultrafast laser color spot treatment device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical equipment, concretely relates to ultrafast laser color spot treatment device of low frequency.

Background

The skin is the largest organ of the human body, accounting for approximately 15% of the body weight, and has an area of approximately 2 square meters and an average thickness of 2.5 millimeters. The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Wherein the thickness of the epidermis is about 200 microns. The dermis is approximately 2000 microns thick and contains tissue such as capillaries, nerves, hair roots, etc. Melanocytes may be distributed in the epidermis or dermis. The amount of melanin produced affects the skin color of a person. The number of melanocytes is not very different between individuals under normal conditions. But the melanocytes' ability to produce melanin is not. For example, black is higher than white. When the skin is subjected to external stimuli (such as light), the content of melanin is increased relative to the normal condition, which may cause pigmentation or more serious pigmentary diseases. The plaques generally include epidermal and dermal plaques. For example, freckles are due to hypermelanogenesis by melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis, while nevi of taitian are dermal plaques. If the number of the spots is too large and the color is darker than that of the surrounding skin, the beauty of the human body (particularly on the face) is possibly affected, and more serious psychological problems are brought to the patient and the normal life of the patient is affected. Therefore, how to effectively remove the color spots becomes an urgent problem to be solved.

The current methods for treating color spots are mainly chemical ablation (chemical peeling), dermabrasion, cryotherapy, applying spot-removing cosmetics and laser treatment. The chemical ablation method comprises applying chemical substances (such as lactic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and phenol) on the skin of a patient, allowing the chemical substances to foam and fall off, and activating regenerative cells to generate new skin through self-repairing function of human body. The method can cause stabbing pain during treatment, and the skin becomes very sensitive after operation, and may become red and inflamed. Dermabrasion is the mechanical abrasion of skin or pigmented spots. This method can smooth some scars and also reduce fine lines. The grinding technique has certain requirements on the technique of operators, sometimes needs local anesthesia, may be accompanied by undesirable phenomena such as bleeding and the like in the process, and has relatively long postoperative recovery time. The freezing treatment is to spray liquid nitrogen (-196 deg.C) onto the affected part with spray gun, and freeze to make tissue necrosis. The treated site scabbed and fell off naturally after several weeks. The method is suitable for removing large-area lesions. The pain caused by the above method may be greatly affected by the patient who is not suitable for taking anesthetic. The effect can be obtained in a very short time by applying the spot-removing cosmetic, but rebounds if it is not used. If overproof substances (such as lead, mercury and the like) which are toxic to human bodies are added into the spot-removing cosmetics, adverse reactions such as heavy metal poisoning spots and the like can be caused seriously. Compared with the above methods, laser therapy has received wide attention because of its advantages of rapid onset of action, relatively small range of action, less side effects, and relatively non-traumatic property.

The laser treatment equipment currently applied to the market mainly comprises the following devices:

1) carbon dioxide laser therapeutic machine (wavelength is 10600 nm). The principle is based on selective photothermal action. The high laser radiation energy is concentrated on the position of a patient to destroy the pigment, and then the pigment is processed by the human body autoimmune system (is phagocytized by macrophages and is discharged out of the body along with lymphatic circulation), thereby achieving the purpose of treatment. Because the laser energy used in the operation is high, the laser energy has certain damage to surrounding tissues, and the phenomena of wound, scabbing and the like generally occur after the operation. Moreover, the skin needs to be kept clean by using facial cleanser and cosmetics which are free from irritation as much as possible within a plurality of days after operation, and meanwhile, repairing medicines need to be smeared or anti-inflammatory medicines need to be eaten. Whether a patient is allergic to a restorative is also a concern. The recovery period is long and pigmentation is easy to occur. Also, a considerable period of sun protection is generally required (3 to 6 months) after the scab has fallen off.

2) Q-switched lasers. The principle is that the selective photothermal action is adopted, and according to the principle that different tissues needing to be treated have different absorption wavelengths of light, light waves selectively act on pigments, damage the pigments and then are eliminated by a human immune system. After irradiation, the protective ointment needs to be applied to the affected area immediately. The skin may have slight swelling after operation, and sometimes has punctate bleeding. Typically, a thin scab forms in the affected area after 3 to 5 days post-surgery. And avoid the use of irritating cosmetics (3 months) and the exposure to the sun for a certain period of time, so as not to cause local pigmentation. For example, after Q-switched ruby laser (694 nm wavelength) treatment, undesirable phenomena such as hypopigmentation or scarring may occur. Adverse reactions such as pigment change and the like also occur after Q-switch emerald laser (755 nanometer wavelength) treatment.

3) Semiconductor laser therapeutic machine. The wavelengths used are typically 800 or 810 nm based on selective photothermal action. Has better penetrating power and good matching effect with the inherent absorptivity of melanocyte. Mainly used for laser depilation, sometimes accompanied with adverse phenomena such as pain, erythema and epidermis injury.

4) Picosecond laser. The wavelength of 755 nm is generally used, the relative pulse width is smaller than that of the laser, and the heat energy generated to the peripheral tissues is smaller. Through selective absorption of melanin, melanin is shattered and then excreted by metabolism. The number of short treatments is relatively reduced. And side effects such as pigmentation can occur after operation.

In summary, the principle of laser treatment of pigmented spots and other pigmented diseases is mainly based on the selective photothermal effect principle, that is, laser can generate a specific wavelength (such as visible light band) with high energy, different wavelengths can be absorbed and destroyed by specific pigments in the skin, and then the treatment effect is achieved through the self-repairing effect of the skin, but sometimes the side effects such as severe pain, pigmentation, scarring and long recovery period are accompanied. Because of the high laser energy (typically 50 to 1200 mJ) used in laser treatment, the thermal effects produced while treating the stained area can damage surrounding tissue. Ice is usually applied immediately after the operation to reduce damage. The experience of the operator is required when selecting energy, and if the operator chooses improperly, the operator may have burning sensation, bleeding, pigmentation, scarring, and other side effects. Often if the selected energy is high, it will cause immediate damage to the patient's skin, and if the selected energy is low, it will require as much radiation as necessary to achieve the removal effect, increasing the time cost and risk of side effects from multiple exposures. Generally, laser speckle is generally divided into treatment sessions (approximately 1 to 5 times depending on the laser parameters and the individual skin type).

The laser wavelength plays an important role in the therapeutic process. The penetration depth of different wavelengths of laser light in the skin also varies. Generally, light applied to the skin is partially reflected, partially transmitted, partially absorbed and partially scattered. Wavelengths with shorter wavelengths have a greater scattering power than wavelengths with longer wavelengths. The influence of the presence of light-absorbing substances in the tissue on the penetration depth also needs to be taken into account. For example, the water content in the tissue exceeds 75%, so that the absorption of water also affects the light transmission. Light transmission is also affected in the presence of an absorbing substance such as hemoglobin. Generally, the incidence depth of blue light to yellow light is mainly in the epidermis and the superficial dermis. Red light is in the hypodermal fat layer. The 820 nm to 840 nm band may reach the deepest penetration (e.g., on the order of centimeters at 830 nm wavelength). The 1064 nm light, although longer than 830 nm wavelength, is transmitted to a depth not as deep as 830 nm wavelength in view of the absorption of water.

The short-wavelength laser of 532 nm is usually selected for the epidermal spot, but adverse reactions such as pigmentation and the like can be possibly stimulated by other cells during treatment. Laser irradiation at 755 nm is typically employed for relatively deep surface spots. However, during the treatment, the surrounding tissues are damaged due to the heat effect, the postoperative ice compress is needed, the postoperative ice compress is likely to become red and swollen, and the scar is likely to be scarred and painful. It is important to keep the scab dry during the scarring process to prevent infection and avoid exposure to water, and the patient's personal hygiene is compromised during this process. If the scab is cut off by itself in the natural falling process, scars may be formed. In the process of waiting for the scar to naturally fall off, a patient usually needs to bring inconvenience to life by wearing a mask for the reason of beauty and the like. Post-inflammatory pigmentation may occur post-operatively. For deep plaque treatment (such as nevus taitian), a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm wavelength) with deep penetration capability can be used, and adverse reactions such as pigment change, skin structure change and the like can occur after treatment. Sometimes it is necessary to perform irradiation treatment several times at intervals in order to reduce the risk of one irradiation treatment. This virtually increases the time cost of the treatment. And multiple irradiation treatments may also cause side effects such as postoperative pigmentation. Because care is also required for treatment frequency selection. Intense pulse light therapy can be regulated over a considerable range of wavelengths (approximately 500 to 1200 nm), but the selectivity is not as high as laser light, with high incidence of adverse effects (such as erythema, purpura, blisters, etc.).

In the aspect of color spot positioning, the existing laser speckle removing and beautifying instrument is basically based on a handheld phototherapy head. The operator's naked eye is required to locate the location of the colored spots. Then the phototherapy head is placed at the spot position for laser irradiation treatment. Typically the therapeutic light spot is adjustable in the range of 1 mm to 10 microns. This makes it difficult to ensure accurate positioning of the location of the edges of the spots in contact with normal skin for treatment of irregular, especially small-sized spots. And the light path calibration in the laser guide arm is troublesome and inflexible.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide a low-frequency ultrafast laser color spot treatment device, which utilizes the interaction of ultrafast high-field laser and tissues; meanwhile, a space accurate positioning system is utilized to remove color spots at a micron level without damaging the dermis, and no pain or scar is left.

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

a low-frequency ultrafast laser color spot treatment device comprises a laser generation and conduction mechanism, an imaging mechanism and a sample bearing mechanism;

the laser generating and conducting mechanism comprises a low-frequency ultrafast laser source, an electronic shutter, a first reflector, a second reflector, a high-reflection mirror and a rotary objective table;

the imaging mechanism comprises a white lighting lamp source, a plano-convex mirror, a third reflector and an imaging camera;

the sample bearing mechanism is a sample support table;

an objective lens is arranged on the rotary objective lens table;

the optical path between the first reflector and the second reflector is vertical, and the optical path between the second reflector and the high-reflection mirror is vertical; the light path between the plano-convex mirror and the third reflector is vertical; the optical path between the third mirror and the imaging camera is perpendicular.

Further, the distance between the first reflector and the second reflector, and the distance between the second reflector and the high-reflection mirror can be adjusted according to experimental space.

Further, the sample holder stage may be adjusted to change the relative position between the sample on the sample holder stage and the objective lens.

Furthermore, a plurality of different objective lenses are arranged on the rotary objective lens table.

Further, the low-frequency ultrafast laser light source can provide low-frequency ultrafast lasers with different wavelengths

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

(1) the selectable wavelength range is enlarged and flexible, and the skin pigment can be removed by avoiding the stimulation of a short wavelength interval to the skin without the linear absorption of substances to laser.

(2) Based on ultrafast laser high-field ionization, not based on the thermal effect of laser and substance action, only acts on a focusing position, and achieves removal in a micron level. Does not damage the dermis, hardly causes pain in the treatment process, does not leave scars after operation, and does not need to be beaten with anesthetic.

(3) The positions of the laser head and the affected area can be accurately positioned and fixed in the three-dimensional space through the regulating system. The deviation caused by manually holding the phototherapy head is removed, the treatment time is shortened, the time cost of a patient is saved, and the comfort and the safety of treatment are improved; meanwhile, the action area is observed in real time, the treatment scheme is adjusted at any time, and the safety is improved.

(4) The device compact structure, each optical device convenient to detach changes, and is strong to different laser instrument commonality to be equipped with different objective selection function simultaneously, can switch between different objective according to the patient's condition, accurate control experiment parameter.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the low-frequency ultrafast laser device for treating color spots of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a side view of the area a in fig. 1.

In the figure: 1-a low-frequency ultrafast laser source; 2-an electronic shutter; 3-a first mirror; 4-second mirror, 5-high reflection mirror; 6-rotating objective table; 7-sample holder stage; 8-white lighting source; 9-plano-convex mirror; 10-a third mirror; 11-imaging camera.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a low-frequency ultrafast laser speckle treatment device comprises a laser generating and conducting mechanism, an imaging mechanism and a sample carrying mechanism; the laser generating and conducting mechanism comprises a low-frequency ultrafast laser source 1, an electronic shutter 2, a first reflector 3, a second reflector 4, a high-reflection mirror 5 and a rotating objective table 6; the low-frequency ultrafast laser light source 1 can provide low-frequency ultrafast laser with different wavelengths, the light path between the first reflecting mirror 3 and the second reflecting mirror 4 is vertical, and the light path between the second reflecting mirror 4 and the high reflecting mirror 5 is vertical; the distance between the first mirror 3 and the second mirror 4, and the distance between the second mirror 4 and the high-reflection mirror 5 can be adjusted according to the experimental space. Three different objectives 12 are arranged on the rotating objective table 6.

The imaging mechanism comprises a white lighting lamp source 8, a plano-convex mirror 9, a third reflector 10 and an imaging camera 11; the light path between the plano-convex mirror 9 and the third reflector 10 is vertical; the optical path between the third mirror 10 and the imaging camera 11 is perpendicular. The sample bearing mechanism is a sample support table 7; the sample holder stage 7 can be adjusted to change the relative position between the sample on the sample holder stage 7 and the objective lens.

The laser beam emitted by the low-frequency ultrafast laser source 1 passes through the electronic shutter switch control 3, then enters the first reflector 3 to be reflected to the first reflector 3 and enters the high reflector 5, and acts on a sample fixed on the sample support 7 through the selected objective lens 12. The white lighting lamp source 8 irradiates on an acting object, passes through an objective lens 12 fixed on an objective lens turntable 6, passes through a high reflecting mirror 5 and a plano-convex mirror 9, and finally enters a camera 11 for imaging through a third reflecting mirror 10. As shown in fig. 2, the sample holder 6 is adjusted to realize the relative movement of the sample and the light spot, so as to perform laser processing on different parts.

The device can observe the laser action area in real time and make the next experimental plan. The design of the turntable with multiple objective lenses can meet the requirements of different experiments on laser focusing and working distance, and the turntable can be conveniently and rapidly switched to adapt to samples of different sizes. This design compact structure, the installation is nimble, and the distance between first speculum 3 and the second speculum 4, the distance between second speculum 4 and the high mirror 5 can carry out the distance adjustment according to the experimental space.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A low-frequency ultrafast laser color spot treatment device is characterized by comprising a laser generating and conducting mechanism, an imaging mechanism and a sample bearing mechanism;

the sample bearing mechanism is a sample support table;

an objective lens is arranged on the rotary objective lens table;

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the first reflector and the second reflector and the distance between the second reflector and the high reflector are adjustable according to the experimental space.

3. A low frequency ultrafast laser stain treatment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample holder stage is adjustable to change the relative position between the sample on the sample holder stage and the objective lens.

4. A low frequency ultrafast laser stain treatment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rotating objective stage is provided with a plurality of different objectives.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the low frequency ultrafast laser source can provide low frequency ultrafast laser with different wavelengths.