CN211939059U - Physical separation device for multi-component metal substances - Google Patents
Physical separation device for multi-component metal substances Download PDFInfo
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- CN211939059U CN211939059U CN201922469007.9U CN201922469007U CN211939059U CN 211939059 U CN211939059 U CN 211939059U CN 201922469007 U CN201922469007 U CN 201922469007U CN 211939059 U CN211939059 U CN 211939059U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a physical separation device of multicomponent metallic substance belongs to material separation scientific field. The device comprises an electron beam melting device, a plasma generator, a magnetic field generator and an ion collecting plate, wherein the plasma generator is arranged above a melting crucible of the electron beam melting device, the magnetic field generator is arranged on the periphery of the upper part of the electron beam melting device, and the ion collecting plate is arranged around the melting crucible. The device is adopted to carry out physical separation of multi-component metal substances, the whole process is a physical separation process, the environment is friendly, and the automatic industrial production is easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a new device for separating metal, concretely relates to physics separator of multicomponent metallic substance, the utility model discloses the basic technological means that involves in include electron beam technique, plasma technique and magnetic mass spectrum technique etc. belong to material separation scientific field.
Background
With the widespread application of household appliances and electronic devices, the problem of disposing of electronic waste has become an increasingly serious environmental problem to be solved urgently. The electrical and electronic equipment has various types and complex manufacturing processes, contains a large amount of metals, plastics, glass and other compounds, wherein the toxic and harmful elements comprise a plurality of chlorofluorocarbons, halogen flame retardants, mercury, selenium, nickel, cadmium, lead, chromium and the like, can cause serious pollution to the environment if the treatment is improper, has high requirements on treatment technology and process, and simultaneously, electronic waste is an important renewable resource, so the exploration on the separation and recovery technology is generated, and a new research field of separation science is formed.
Research on the recovery of metals from electronic waste dates back to the end of the 60's 20 th century. At that time, the U.S. Ministry of mining attempted to recover precious metals from scrap military equipment and built pilot plants with a throughput of up to 0.23 t/h. Because the electronic waste is various in types and complex in components, the processing of the electronic waste relates to the fields of environmental science, chemistry, mineral processing, metallurgy, electronic power, machinery and the like, and the processing difficulty is very high, the U.S. national mining agency organizes and develops new processes for processing the electronic waste and recovering precious metals in 1986, and the new processes comprise technologies of manual disassembly, mechanical processing, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and the like. Meanwhile, research work in this field is actively conducted in other developed countries such as sweden, japan, germany, and the like, and great progress is made in process technology, but these technologies mainly recover precious metals. With the continuous decrease of the content of noble metals, the gradual increase of the content of basic metals and the increasing shortage of resources in electronic products, the development direction of recycling technology has started to turn to rare noble metals and basic metals.
The electronic waste mainly contains a large amount of base metal copper and a large amount of rare noble metal. For example: gold is widely used in electrical contact materials and conductive materials (gold wires, gold foils, parts pressed with gold powder, alloys of gold, gold-clad alloy materials, etc.), gold-based solders, and electronic pastes; germanium is an important semiconductor material used in the fabrication of transistors and various electronic devices. Indium is mainly used for producing ITO targets (for producing liquid crystal displays and flat screens) because of its strong light permeability and electrical conductivity, accounting for 70% of the global indium consumption. Tantalum is an important noble metal (TaN in copper interconnection) in a Chip (CPU), can also be used as an electrode of a valve, a rectifier, an electrolyte and a capacitor, and half of the worldwide production of tantalum metal is used for producing tantalum capacitors. Gallium is used for manufacturing semiconductor doping elements of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide and germanium; gallium compounds, particularly gallium arsenide, have attracted increasing attention in the electronics industry. The electronic and electric appliances are the industries with the largest silver consumption, the application of the electronic and electric appliances is divided into electric contact materials, composite materials and welding materials, and rhodium, palladium and the like are obtained in the electronic and electric appliances. Meanwhile, noble metal coatings are increasingly used in the electronics industry. The reason for this is that: the copper-based alloy has the advantages of high chemical stability, good corrosion resistance, good weldability, strong binding force, small contact resistance, particularly good conductivity and the like. At present, the international noble metal electroplating technology is developed quickly, measures for reducing the electroplating cost are explored in an effort under the condition of improving the quality of a plating layer, the components of the plating layer are developed from a single metal to a diversification direction, and the multielement alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained. For example: gold alloys (e.g., gold tin, gold bismuth, gold silver, gold cobalt … …), silver alloys (silver nickel, silver tin … …), and palladium alloy plating processes, minimizing the use of precious metals such as rhodium, platinum, and gold. Normally, this effect cannot be achieved with one coating layer, but with a plurality of intermediate coating layers.
Because the electronic waste is a multi-substance and multi-component mixed system, the electronic waste is firstly crushed to achieve the dissociation of all materials, and then the materials are directly separated by adopting physical separation methods such as gravity separation, magnetic separation, electric separation and the like according to the difference of physical properties of the materials. However, after pretreatment such as electronic waste disassembly and material separation by sorting and crushing technologies, various metal mixtures, such as rare and precious metals including copper, heavy metals, gold, silver and the like, are obtained. How to separate, extract and purify copper, heavy metals (lead, cadmium and the like) and rare and precious metals (gold, silver and the like) in a plurality of metal mixtures in an environment-friendly manner to enable the metals to become secondary resources with higher added values and avoid secondary pollution to the environment is an important problem which needs to be solved urgently at present but is not solved yet.
At present, the technology for recovering metals from electronic waste can be broadly divided into: mechanical treatment technology, heat treatment technology, hydrometallurgy technology, biological treatment technology and the like, but the above technologies can generate a large amount of waste gas and waste water in the process, require strict environmental protection facilities, have high energy consumption, and can not separate some high-melting-point metals such as tungsten, molybdenum and tantalum efficiently.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide an efficient separation multicomponent metallic mixture and intermetallic compound's physics separator, adopt the device disengaging process no waste water to produce, also do not use toxic additive, harmless to the environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical proposal:
a physical separation device for multi-component metal substances comprises an electron beam melting device, a plasma generator (including radio frequency hollow cathode discharge), a magnetic field generator, an ion collecting plate and the like, wherein the plasma generator is arranged above a melting crucible of the electron beam melting device, the magnetic field generator is arranged on the periphery of the upper part of the electron beam melting device, and the ion collecting plate is arranged around the melting crucible.
The electron beam melting device is a vacuum electron beam melting furnace, wherein an electron gun is arranged above a crucible.
The plasma generator can be a hollow cathode discharge gun arranged above the electron beam melting device.
The magnetic field generator is arranged at the periphery of the upper part of the electron beam melting device, and an orthogonal magnetic field is formed above the plasma generator.
The physical separation of the multi-component metal substances by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a raw material containing multi-component metal and intermetallic compounds into a crucible in a vacuum electron beam furnace, and vacuumizing;
(2) heating by adopting an electron beam melting method, wherein metal particles are vaporized due to rapid temperature rise and a vacuum environment to form metal steam, and the temperature and the pressure of the metal steam are determined by the types of metal elements;
(3) ionizing the formed metal steam by using a continuous radio frequency hollow cathode discharge method to form low-temperature plasma, wherein metal ions in the plasma obtain a small amount of initial velocity due to an electric field formed by an electron gun;
(4) applying orthogonal magnetic fields around the plasmas formed in the step (3), wherein the sizes of the orthogonal magnetic fields are determined according to metal elements, and different paths can be formed in the same orthogonal magnetic fields due to different mass-to-charge ratios of different metal ions, so that the purpose of separating different metals is achieved;
(5) and arranging a metal ion receiving plate around the crucible to collect metal powder formed after different types of metal ions fly out, and finishing the separation.
In the step (1), different crucibles can be selected according to different raw materials; such as copper water-cooled crucibles, graphite crucibles, etc. The vacuum degree of the vacuum pumping is 10-2～10-3pa。
In the step (2), heating is carried out by adopting an electron beam melting method, and the heating can be adjusted according to the types of metal elements.
In the step (3), the method for ionizing the metal vapor can be selected according to different metal elements, and the hollow cathode is only the most common example which is easy to realize. The device adopted in the radio frequency hollow cathode discharge method is a hollow cathode discharge gun.
The utility model relates to a new device for realizing the physical separation of multi-component metal mixture and intermetallic compound, which utilizes high energy density electron beam to vaporize metal raw material to form metal vapor; then, by utilizing a plasma technology, ionizing metal steam to form plasma; different metal ions are separated by using the dispersion effect of the magnetic field on different metal element ions. The whole process is a physical separation process, is environment-friendly and is easy to realize automatic industrial production.
The utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model discloses only utilize the difference of different metallic element physical properties own to realize the separation, whole process does not produce poisonous and harmful substance such as new waste gas waste water, can have fine desorption to the non-metallic impurity that raw materials itself exists simultaneously, and the produced waste gas of raw materials itself can be collected, and unified innocent treatment, required environmental protection measure is simple, can accomplish zero pollution zero release.
2. The utility model discloses whole process need not to add the consumptive material, and only the hot cathode material that the electron gun adopted needs periodic replacement.
3. The utility model discloses it is higher to the utilization ratio of raw materials, and the final product purity of gained is also higher.
4. The utility model discloses can realize multiple metallic element simultaneous separation to multicomponent metallic raw materials, the technological process is simple relatively, easily realizes automated control and sustainable industrial production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a separation device of the present invention.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1 crucible 2 Electron Beam
3 hollow cathode discharge gun 4 magnetic field
5 ion trajectory 6 ion collecting plate
7 raw materials
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model discloses a physical separation device of multicomponent metallic substance, including electron beam melting device, hollow cathode discharge gun 3, magnetic field generator and ion collecting plate etc., hollow cathode discharge gun 3 sets up above melting crucible 1 of electron beam melting device, and magnetic field generator sets up in the periphery of electron beam melting device upper portion, forms the orthogonal magnetic field above plasma generator; the ion collecting plate is arranged around the melting crucible 1. The electron beam melting device is a vacuum electron beam melting furnace in which an electron gun is disposed above the crucible 1.
The physical separation by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
(1) adding a multi-component metal and intermetallic compound raw material 7 into a copper water-cooling crucible 1 in a vacuum electron beam furnace, vacuumizing to 10 DEG-2～10-3pa；
(2) Heating the raw material in the step (1) by adopting an electron beam melting method, scanning and melting the raw material 7 in a crucible by using an electron beam 2, wherein metal particles can be vaporized to form metal steam due to the sharp temperature rise and the vacuum environment, and the temperature and the pressure of the metal steam are determined by the types of metal elements;
(3) the metal steam formed by ionization by using a continuous radio frequency hollow cathode discharge method is formed into low-temperature plasma by using the hollow cathode discharge gun 3, and metal ions in the plasma obtain a small amount of initial velocity due to an electric field formed by the discharge gun;
(4) applying an orthogonal magnetic field 4 around the plasma formed in the step (3), wherein the size of the orthogonal magnetic field is determined by metal elements, and different ion tracks 5 can be formed in the same orthogonal magnetic field due to different mass-to-charge ratios of different metal ions, so as to achieve the purpose of separating different metals;
(5) and a metal ion collector, namely an ion collecting plate 6, is arranged around the crucible to collect metal powder formed after different types of metal ions fly out, and the separation is finished.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating but not limiting the technical solutions of the present invention, and although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the specification are to be embraced within their scope, either directly or indirectly in the relevant art.
Claims (4)
1. A device for physically separating a multi-component metal substance, comprising: the device comprises an electron beam melting device, a plasma generator, a magnetic field generator and an ion collecting plate, wherein the plasma generator is arranged above a melting crucible of the electron beam melting device, the magnetic field generator is arranged on the periphery of the upper part of the electron beam melting device, and the ion collecting plate is arranged around the melting crucible.
2. The apparatus for physical separation of multicomponent metallic substances according to claim 1, wherein: the electron beam melting device is a vacuum electron beam melting furnace.
3. The apparatus for physical separation of multicomponent metallic substances according to claim 1, wherein: the plasma generator is a hollow cathode discharge gun.
4. The apparatus for physical separation of multicomponent metallic substances according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic field generator is arranged at the periphery of the upper part of the electron beam melting device, and an orthogonal magnetic field is formed above the plasma generator.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201922469007.9U CN211939059U (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Physical separation device for multi-component metal substances |
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| CN201922469007.9U CN211939059U (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Physical separation device for multi-component metal substances |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113118449A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Physical separation method and device for multi-component metal substance |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113118449A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-07-16 | 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 | Physical separation method and device for multi-component metal substance |
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