CN211921636U - Cryogenic treatment device for train wheels - Google Patents
Cryogenic treatment device for train wheels Download PDFInfo
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- CN211921636U CN211921636U CN202020427372.3U CN202020427372U CN211921636U CN 211921636 U CN211921636 U CN 211921636U CN 202020427372 U CN202020427372 U CN 202020427372U CN 211921636 U CN211921636 U CN 211921636U
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- liquid nitrogen
- box body
- train wheel
- wheel
- cryogenic treatment
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002968 anti-fracture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a train wheel cryogenic treatment device, include: the train wheel box comprises a box body, a rotating shaft and a train wheel, wherein the rotating shaft is arranged in the box body and can rotate in the box body; and the nozzle is arranged in the box body, is communicated with a liquid nitrogen pipe outside the box body, and is opposite to the tread of the train wheel on the rotating shaft. The utility model discloses a train wheel cryrogenic processing apparatus, through installing train wheel on the rotation axis, rotation axis rotates and drives train wheel, the liquid nitrogen gets into the nozzle through the liquid nitrogen pipe, directly spout train wheel's tread through the nozzle with the liquid nitrogen and cool off, on the one hand by nozzle spun low temperature nitrogen gas and train wheel's tread carry out forced convection heat transfer, on the other hand makes all the other surfaces of wheel and cryrogenic case environment low temperature gas carry out the convection heat transfer through train wheel's rotation, handle the back through the device to train wheel cryrogenic, can increase the anti crack loss performance and the wearability of wheel.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a train wheel processing technology field especially relates to a train wheel cryogenic treatment device.
Background
The wheel is a key part of the railway vehicle and is also the part which is most seriously worn in the running process of the vehicle, and the safe and economic running of the vehicle is directly influenced by the good and bad performance of the wheel. The maintenance cost of the wheel caused by abrasion is very huge, and the maintenance has great influence on transportation, so the requirement on the high-performance wheel is very urgent to the instructor in the whole railway industry, and along with the development of the railway towards the high-speed heavy load direction, higher requirements on the performances of the wheel such as abrasion resistance, crack resistance, damage resistance and the like are provided. The performance of the train wheel is closely related to heat treatment on the premise of fixed components, the conventional heat treatment mode at present is tempering after tread quenching, after the integral wheel is heated, the wheel is cooled from the outer periphery to the tread from water while rotating in a horizontal state, quenching is carried out, then tempering treatment is continuously carried out, and higher compressive stress can be formed on the wheel tread and the wheel rim through the tempering treatment, so that the strength and the crack resistance of the wheel are improved. However, with the rapid development of high-speed heavy-duty vehicles, the conventional heat treatment process has failed to meet the requirements of practical applications, and the improvement of the wheel performance has been difficult to achieve by the conventional heat treatment process.
The cryogenic treatment is to place the material or parts in a certain low-temperature environment (below-100 ℃) according to a specific process, and the performance is improved through the change of microstructure and residual stress of the material at low temperature, so that the performances of the material such as wear resistance, dimensional stability, strength, toughness and the like can be obviously improved, and the technology is widely applied to the aspects of tool and die steel, bearing steel and alloy structural steel at present. However, at present, no equipment and process for deep treatment of train wheels exist, and therefore, a device for deep treatment of train wheels is needed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of this, the utility model provides a device that can carry out cryogenic treatment to train wheel in order to improve its anti fracture nature.
The technical scheme of the utility model is realized like this: the utility model provides a train wheel cryogenic treatment device, include:
the train wheel box comprises a box body, a rotating shaft and a train wheel, wherein the rotating shaft is arranged in the box body and can rotate in the box body;
and the nozzle is arranged in the box body and is communicated with a liquid nitrogen pipe outside the box body, and the nozzle is opposite to the tread of the train wheel on the rotating shaft.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the train wheel support device further comprises a base and a motor, the base is arranged in the box body, a rotating shaft of the motor penetrates through the base and is connected with the rotating shaft, and the base is used for supporting train wheels.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the liquid nitrogen dispersion device further comprises a liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe which is installed in the box body, the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe is communicated with the liquid nitrogen pipe, and the nozzle is communicated and installed on the dispersion pipe.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the interior of the box body is hollow, and a heat insulation layer is filled in the box body.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the upper end of the box body is provided with an opening, and a box cover is arranged on the opening.
Further preferably, an exhaust pipe is arranged on the box cover.
Preferably, the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe is circular, the outer side of the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body, and the nozzle is communicated with the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe.
Further preferably, the liquid nitrogen pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and the box body is internally provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature in the box body.
Further preferred, still include the controller, the controller is connected with motor, solenoid valve and temperature sensor electricity, the controller control motor is opened, the controller is according to the temperature control solenoid valve opening of temperature sensor monitoring with the regulation income box internal liquid nitrogen volume.
The utility model discloses a train wheel cryogenic treatment device has following beneficial effect for prior art: the utility model discloses a train wheel cryrogenic processing apparatus, through installing train wheel on the rotation axis, rotation axis rotation drives train wheel, liquid nitrogen gets into the nozzle through the liquid nitrogen pipe, directly spout train wheel's tread through the nozzle with liquid nitrogen and cool off, on the one hand, carry out forced convection heat transfer by nozzle spun low temperature nitrogen gas and train wheel's tread, on the other hand makes the remaining surface of wheel and the interior low temperature gas of cryrogenic case carry out convection heat transfer through train wheel's rotation, after handling train wheel cryrogenic through the device, can further improve train wheel's tread's residual compressive stress at first, the improvement of surface compressive stress can increase the anti-crack performance of wheel, on the other hand, rapid cryrogenic after through quenching handles and can impels train wheel surface layer to organize residual austenite to change into the martensite, can appear superfine carbide granule on the martensite base member simultaneously, thereby being capable of improving the dimensional stability and the wear resistance of the train wheel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cryogenic treatment device for train wheels according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the cryogenic treatment device for train wheels of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a temperature curve diagram of cryogenic treatment of train wheels.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a cryogenic treatment device for train wheels comprises:
the train wheel device comprises a box body 1, a rotating shaft 4 is arranged in the box body 1, the rotating shaft 4 can rotate in the box body 1, specifically, the rotating shaft 4 can be connected with a power mechanism, the power mechanism drives the rotating shaft 4 to rotate, the power mechanism can be a motor and the like, a train wheel 3 can be arranged on the rotating shaft 4, specifically, the train wheel 3 can be sleeved on the periphery of the rotating shaft 4, the train wheel 3 can also be arranged on the rotating shaft 4 in a clamping mode, and the train wheel 3 is driven to rotate through the rotation of the rotating shaft 4;
the spray nozzle 7 is arranged in the box body 1, the spray nozzle 7 is communicated with a liquid nitrogen pipe 11 outside the box body 1, in practice, the spray nozzles 7 can be arranged in a plurality of numbers, specifically according to actual use conditions, the spray nozzle 7 is over against the tread of the train wheel 3 on the rotating shaft 4, the liquid nitrogen pipe 11 is communicated with a liquid nitrogen storage tank, the pressure of liquid nitrogen stored in the liquid nitrogen storage tank is maintained between 0.6 MPa and 0.8MPa, the liquid nitrogen storage tank is started, and the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank enters the spray nozzle 7 through the liquid nitrogen pipe 11 and is sprayed out. When the cryogenic treatment device is used, the train wheel 3 subjected to tread quenching treatment is arranged on the rotating shaft 4, the rotating shaft 4 rotates to drive the train wheel 3, liquid nitrogen enters the nozzle 7 through the liquid nitrogen pipe 11, and the liquid nitrogen is directly sprayed to the tread of the train wheel 3 through the nozzle 7 to be cooled, on one hand, the low-temperature nitrogen sprayed by the nozzle 7 and the tread of the train wheel 3 perform forced convection heat exchange, on the other hand, the rest surface of the wheel and the low-temperature gas in the cryogenic box perform convection heat exchange through the rotation of the train wheel 3, after the cryogenic treatment of the device, the residual pressure stress of the tread of the train wheel can be further improved, the anti-crack performance of the wheel can be improved, on the other hand, the residual austenite in the surface layer tissue of the train wheel can be converted into martensite through the rapid cryogenic treatment after quenching, meanwhile, ultrafine carbide particles can be separated out on the martensite matrix, so that the size stability and the wear resistance of the train wheel can be improved. The existing quenching technology is water-cooled after heating in a two-phase region, and residual austenite exists in the cooling process, so that the wear resistance of the wheel is influenced.
In another technical scheme, still include base 8 and motor 2, base 8 is fixed in the bottom of box 1, base 8 is located rotation axis 4 below, motor 2 sets up outside box 1, the motor 2 pivot passes base 8 and is connected with rotation axis 4, motor 2 rotates and drives rotation axis 4 and rotate, and train wheel 3 sets up on rotation axis 4, and the lower extreme of train wheel 3 is shelved on base 8 simultaneously, base 8 is used for supporting train wheel 3, specific train wheel 3 can overlap and establish outside rotation axis 4 and rotate along with rotation axis 4. To reduce heat conduction, the base 8 may be made of glass reinforced plastic.
In another technical scheme, the device further comprises a liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 which is arranged in the box body 1, the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 is made of stainless steel materials, the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 is communicated with a liquid nitrogen pipe 11, the nozzle 7 is communicated and arranged on the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10, and liquid nitrogen enters the nozzle 7 after entering the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 through the liquid nitrogen pipe 11 for dispersion.
In another technical scheme, the interior of the box body 1 is hollow, the box body 1 is filled with a heat insulation layer, specifically, the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the box body 1 are made of stainless steel materials, and the middle of the box body is filled with a polyurethane foaming heat insulation layer.
In another technical scheme, an opening is formed in the upper end of the box body 1, a box cover 6 is arranged on the opening in a covering mode, the train wheels 3 can be installed on the rotating shaft 4 by opening the box cover 6, and the box cover 6 is arranged on the box body 1 in a covering mode in a hoisting mode.
In another technical scheme, the box cover 6 is provided with two exhaust pipes 5, and the two exhaust pipes 5 are symmetrically arranged on the box cover 6.
In another kind of technical scheme, liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 is the ring form, and corresponding box 1 is cylindric, and liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 and liquid nitrogen pipe 11 intercommunication, the welding of liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 outside is on box 1 inner wall, and nozzle 7 welds on liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 is inboard, and in fact, nozzle 7 can set up a plurality of concrete regulation according to actual cooling effect, and generally 2 ~ 16 are all can, and nozzle 7 evenly welds on liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 is inboard at interval, and the liquid nitrogen gets into the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe 10 through liquid nitrogen pipe 11 and disperses and gets into in the nozzle 7.
In another kind of technical scheme, be equipped with solenoid valve 12 on the liquid nitrogen pipe 11, be equipped with temperature sensor 13 in order to monitor the box internal temperature in the box 1, temperature sensor 13 adopts platinum resistance thermometer, and temperature sensor 13 hugs closely the box 1 inner wall and arranges, can adjust the volume that gets into liquid nitrogen in the box 1 through solenoid valve 12 aperture to adjust the temperature in the box 1.
In another technical scheme, still include controller 9, controller 9 is connected with motor 2, solenoid valve 12 and temperature sensor 13 electricity, controller 9 control motor 2 opens, controller 9 controls solenoid valve 12 aperture according to the temperature control that temperature sensor 13 monitored with the regulation volume of liquid nitrogen that gets into in box 1.
The utility model also provides a processing method of train wheel cryogenic treatment device, including following step:
s1, mounting the train wheels 3 on the rotating shaft 4, and controlling the motor to rotate through the controller 9;
s2, the controller 9 receives the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor 13 and controls the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve 12 according to a preset program to adjust the amount of liquid nitrogen entering the box 1, thereby adjusting the temperature in the box 1 to carry out cryogenic treatment on the train wheels 3. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, after receiving the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor, the controller controls the opening of the solenoid valve through a preset program to adjust the amount of liquid nitrogen entering the tank body so as to control the change of the temperature of the tank body 1, wherein the temperature in the tank body 1 is reduced to minus 80 ℃ at a cooling rate of 2 ℃/min for heat preservation for 30 minutes, then the temperature is reduced to minus 150 ℃ at a cooling rate of 2 ℃/min for heat preservation for 2 hours, the train wheel 3 is taken out after the heat preservation is finished, the cryogenic treatment is completed, then the train wheel is placed in the air for temperature return, and then the next tempering process is performed.
It is further verified below that the 60# wheel was subjected to the present Cryogenic (CT) treatment and the conventional heat treatment (UT) and then to the frictional wear test.
3 groups of 60# wheels (numbers CT-1 and CT-2) are taken and are respectively subjected to cryogenic treatment by using the cryogenic treatment device, and the process of the cryogenic treatment is as follows: reducing the temperature to minus 80 ℃ according to the cooling rate of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 30 minutes, then continuously reducing the temperature to minus 150 ℃ according to the cooling rate of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2 hours, taking out the wheel after the heat preservation is finished, and placing the wheel in the air for returning the temperature. And subsequently, heating the wheel to 120 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours to finish tempering treatment.
2 groups of 60# wheels (numbers UT-1 and UT-2) are respectively subjected to conventional heat treatment, and the heat treatment process comprises the following steps: and heating the wheel to 810 ℃, preserving heat for 1 hour, discharging from the furnace after heat preservation, and air cooling to finish normalizing treatment.
The 60# wheel after the cryogenic treatment and the conventional heat treatment was subjected to a frictional wear test, and the test results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1-60# wheel Steel Friction wear test data
| Before abrasion/g | After abrasion/g | Delta abrasion mass/mg | |
| UT-1 | 32.0072 | 31.9281 | 79.1 |
| UT-2 | 32.0574 | 31.9865 | 70.9 |
| CT-1 | 32.1441 | 32.1175 | 26.6 |
| CT-2 | 31.8567 | 31.8386 | 18.1 |
As can be seen from table 1, the average wear mass of the wheel after the conventional heat treatment was 75mg, the average wear mass of the wheel after the cryogenic treatment by the cryogenic treatment apparatus of the present application was 22.35mg, the wear mass loss of the wheel after the cryogenic treatment was reduced by 70.2%, the average friction coefficient of the wheel after the conventional heat treatment was 0.57, and the average friction coefficient of the wheel after the cryogenic treatment was 0.53.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A cryogenic treatment device for train wheels is characterized by comprising:
the train wheel box comprises a box body, a rotating shaft and a train wheel, wherein the rotating shaft is arranged in the box body and can rotate in the box body;
and the nozzle is arranged in the box body and is communicated with a liquid nitrogen pipe outside the box body, and the nozzle is opposite to the tread of the train wheel on the rotating shaft.
2. The cryogenic treatment device for train wheels according to claim 1, wherein: still include base and motor, the base sets up in the box, motor shaft passes the base is connected with the axis of rotation, the base is used for supporting the train wheel.
3. The cryogenic treatment device for train wheels according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe is arranged in the box body and communicated with the liquid nitrogen pipe, and the nozzle is communicated and arranged on the dispersion pipe.
4. The cryogenic treatment device for train wheels according to claim 1, wherein: the box is hollow, and the heat preservation layer is filled in the box.
5. The cryogenic treatment device for train wheels according to claim 1, wherein: the upper end of the box body is provided with an opening, and a box cover is arranged on the opening.
6. The cryogenic treatment device for train wheels according to claim 5, wherein: an exhaust pipe is arranged on the box cover.
7. The cryogenic treatment device for train wheels according to claim 3, wherein: the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe is annular, the outer side of the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body, and the nozzle is communicated with the liquid nitrogen dispersion pipe.
8. The cryogenic treatment device for train wheels according to claim 2, wherein: the liquid nitrogen pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and a temperature sensor is arranged in the box body to monitor the temperature in the box body.
9. The cryogenic treatment device for train wheels according to claim 8, wherein: the liquid nitrogen quantity regulating device is characterized by further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is electrically connected with the motor, the electromagnetic valve and the temperature sensor, the controller controls the motor to be opened, and the controller controls the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve according to the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor so as to regulate the liquid nitrogen quantity entering the box body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020427372.3U CN211921636U (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Cryogenic treatment device for train wheels |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202020427372.3U CN211921636U (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2020-03-27 | Cryogenic treatment device for train wheels |
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| CN211921636U true CN211921636U (en) | 2020-11-13 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111235368A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-05 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Cryogenic treatment device and method for train wheels |
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- 2020-03-27 CN CN202020427372.3U patent/CN211921636U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111235368A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-06-05 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Cryogenic treatment device and method for train wheels |
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