CN211908613U - Axial flux high-speed permanent magnet motor based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnet - Google Patents

Axial flux high-speed permanent magnet motor based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnet Download PDF

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CN211908613U
CN211908613U CN202021076352.2U CN202021076352U CN211908613U CN 211908613 U CN211908613 U CN 211908613U CN 202021076352 U CN202021076352 U CN 202021076352U CN 211908613 U CN211908613 U CN 211908613U
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permanent magnet
flux
stator
rotor
sinusoidal
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赵文良
杨智铄
张智源
王秀和
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Abstract

The present disclosure provides an axial flux high-speed permanent magnet motor based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnets, including: two rotors and a stator located intermediate the two rotors; air gaps are arranged between the inner walls of the two rotors and the outer wall of the stator, the distance between the two air gaps is equal, and the length of the two air gaps is axially adjusted according to requirements; the surface of the iron core of the rotor is embedded with permanent magnets which are configured into a crescent shape to realize the sine of a magnetic chain and back electromotive force. The motor adopts an axial magnetic flux structure, has the advantages of high torque density, high power density, high efficiency, high integration level and the like, has excellent heat dissipation performance, and has the air gap magnetic field length which is axially adjustable and is not influenced by the thickness of a rotor core.

Description

Axial flux high-speed permanent magnet motor based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnet
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment, especially, relate to axial flux high-speed permanent-magnet machine based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnet.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The high-speed motor has the advantages of small volume, high rotating speed, high power density, quick dynamic response and the like, can be directly connected with a load, saves a speed change gear device, further reduces the volume and the weight of the whole driving system and improves the transmission efficiency, and therefore, the high-speed motor is widely applied to the industrial fields of electric automobiles, flywheel energy storage, high-speed grinding machines and the like.
At present, the research of traditional high-speed motors mainly focuses on high-speed induction motors, high-speed permanent magnet motors and high-speed switched reluctance motors, but various traditional motors have a plurality of defects when having certain advantages in high-speed application occasions:
the high-speed induction motor rotor has the advantages of simple structure, low rotational inertia, high temperature resistance, capability of running for a long time under a high-speed condition, easy start, easy manufacture and lower cost. However, the power factor is low, the end ring of the laminated rotor is easy to damage under a high-speed working condition, and the eddy current loss of the solid rotor is large, so that the power factor and the efficiency of the motor are low.
The high-speed permanent magnet motor has the advantages of small volume, simple and flexible structure, large starting torque, higher efficiency and power factor, wider speed regulation range and better reliability. The permanent magnet motor can be divided into a surface-mounted type, a surface-embedded type and a built-in type according to different positions of the permanent magnet. The surface-mounted permanent magnet motor permanent magnet is positioned on the surface of the rotor, and in order to bear huge centrifugal force during high-speed operation, a rotor sheath is required to protect the permanent magnet, so that certain heat dissipation difficulty is caused. The permanent magnet of the surface-embedded permanent magnet motor is embedded on the surface of a rotor core, a sheath is not needed, the mechanical robustness is superior to that of a surface-mounted permanent magnet motor, the surface-mounted permanent magnet motor is suitable for high-speed operation, and meanwhile, the total output torque of the motor can be further improved due to the fact that a magnetic resistance torque is generated by a salient pole effect. The permanent magnet of the built-in permanent magnet motor is completely embedded in the rotor core, the mechanical strength is optimal, but the rotor structure is complex, and the manufacturing cost is high.
The high-speed switched reluctance motor has the advantages of simple structure, firmness, durability, low cost, short winding end, high temperature resistance and the like, the efficiency is superior to that of an induction motor but lower than that of a permanent magnet motor, but the running noise is high, the torque pulsation and the mechanical vibration of a rotor are large, the wind friction loss of the rotor is high, meanwhile, accurate rotor position information is required to control the torque and the current, and a control system is complex.
The above analysis shows that, under a high-speed working condition, the high-speed permanent magnet motor has more excellent comprehensive performance compared with other two types of motors, and is one of the research hotspots in the field of high-speed motors.
According to different topological structures, the high-speed permanent magnet motor can be divided into a radial magnetic flux structure, an axial magnetic flux structure and a transverse magnetic flux structure. The optimization design of the traditional high-speed permanent magnet motor is generally based on a radial magnetic flux structure, and the defects of poor heat dissipation performance, high cogging torque and low working efficiency of the motor cannot be fundamentally solved, so that great progress is difficult to achieve in the novel high-speed application fields of electric automobiles and the like. The transverse magnetic flux structure has the advantage of high torque density as a novel topological structure, but also has the defects of large magnetic leakage and low power factor, and the required capacity of a power electronic converter is larger than that of a traditional motor, so that the transverse magnetic flux structure is not suitable for being applied to high-speed occasions.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To overcome the above-described deficiencies of the prior art, the present disclosure provides an axial flux high speed permanent magnet machine based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnets, the machine having higher torque and power densities, better heat dissipation capabilities, and a more compact structure, the axial flux structure having greater advantages over the other two structures for high speed applications where space is limited.
In order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following technical solutions:
axial flux high-speed permanent magnet machine based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnet includes:
two rotors and a stator located intermediate the two rotors;
air gaps are arranged between the inner walls of the two rotors and the outer wall of the stator, the distance between the two air gaps is equal, and the length of the two air gaps is axially adjusted according to requirements;
permanent magnets are embedded on the surface of the iron core of the rotor and are configured into a crescent shape to realize the sine of a magnetic chain and back electromotive force;
the two rotors have the same structure and are composed of an iron core and two permanent magnets, the two permanent magnets are symmetrically distributed and embedded on the surface of the rotor iron core, and the rotor iron core is disc-shaped.
The technical scheme is further that the stator further comprises a rotating shaft, and the two rotors are arranged on the rotating shaft on the two sides of the stator in a mirror symmetry mode and rotate along with the rotating shaft.
According to the further technical scheme, the stator is composed of an iron core and windings, the surface of the iron core of the stator is of a slotless structure, and the windings are three-phase beam windings.
According to the further technical scheme, each phase of the three-phase bunchy winding comprises two rectangular bunchy coils, six coils are wound on the stator yoke, and each winding coil is uniformly spaced at a mechanical angle of 60 degrees.
Preferably, the winding of the winding is a carbon fiber composite copper wire with ultrahigh electric conductivity and good heat conductivity.
Preferably, the wire is wound flat on the stator yoke.
According to a further technical scheme, the stator and the rotor iron core are both formed by adopting ultrathin silicon steel sheets and laminating the ultrathin silicon steel sheets along the direction of the rotating shaft.
According to the further technical scheme, the two rotors are identical in structure and composed of an iron core and two permanent magnets, the permanent magnets are crescent-shaped, and the two permanent magnets are symmetrically distributed and embedded on the surfaces of the iron cores of the rotors.
According to the further technical scheme, the rotor core is in a disc shape, the two permanent magnets are symmetrically distributed by taking the rotating shaft as the center and have opposite polarities, namely one permanent magnet is the N pole, and the other permanent magnet is the S pole.
The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
1. the motor in the technical scheme disclosed by the invention adopts an axial magnetic flux structure, has the advantages of high torque density, high power density, high efficiency, high integration level and the like, and is excellent in heat dissipation performance, and the length of the air gap magnetic field is axially adjustable and is not influenced by the thickness of the rotor core.
2. The motor rotor is a surface-embedded permanent magnet rotor, a sheath is not needed, the structure is simple, the mechanical robustness is good, and meanwhile due to the salient pole effect of the motor, the d-axis inductance and the q-axis inductance of the rotor are different to generate additional reluctance torque, and the total output torque of the motor can be obviously improved after the additional reluctance torque is superposed with the permanent magnet torque.
3. The permanent magnet of the motor rotor is crescent, and can realize that the waveforms of magnetic flux linkage and back electromotive force are close to ideal sine, thereby effectively weakening torque pulsation and air gap magnetic field harmonic, inhibiting the vibration noise of the motor, simultaneously improving the torque density, reducing the using amount of the permanent magnet and reducing the manufacturing cost.
4. The motor stator core adopts a slotless structure, can completely eliminate the cogging torque, inhibit the vibration noise and improve the motor running efficiency. The winding is a three-phase beam winding and adopts a flat winding mode, and compared with the traditional round wire winding, the winding has the advantages of excellent heat dissipation performance, tidy end parts, no need of binding, easiness in manufacturing and capability of reducing the production cost.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a structural elevation view of an electric machine of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural section view of an electric machine of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the structure of the motor of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a permanent magnet rotor of the electric machine of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an intermediate stator of the electric machine of the present disclosure;
in the figure: 1. a first rotor; 2. a second rotor; 3. a rotor core; 4. a permanent magnet N pole; 5. a permanent magnet S pole; 6. a stator; 7. a stator core; 8. a stator winding; 9. an air gap; 10. a rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example one
The embodiment discloses a high-speed permanent-magnet machine of axial magnetic flux based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnet, mainly comprises first rotor 1, second rotor 2, stator 6 and pivot 10, first rotor 1 and second rotor 2 are mirror symmetry along pivot 10 and install in stator 6 both sides, all have the air gap 9 of same axial length between stator 6 and the two rotors.
The first rotor 1 and the second rotor 2 have the same specification and are composed of a rotor core 3 and two permanent magnets, the rotor core 3 is disc-shaped, the two permanent magnets are symmetrically distributed by taking the rotating shaft as the center, the polarities of the two permanent magnets are opposite, namely one permanent magnet N pole 4 is provided, and the other permanent magnet S pole 5 is provided. The permanent magnet N pole 4 and the permanent magnet S pole 5 have the same specification and are in crescent shapes, and the permanent magnets are embedded on the surface of the rotor core 3 to form a surface embedded permanent magnet rotor.
The first rotor, the stator and the second rotor of the motor are axially arranged along the direction of the rotating shaft, air gaps with the same width are formed between the two rotors and the stator, magnetic fluxes are contained in the air gaps, and the directions of the air gaps are distributed along the axial direction, so that the motor is called as an axial magnetic flux structure.
The stator 6 comprises a stator core 7 and a stator winding 8, the stator core 7 is an annular core and adopts a slotless structure, the stator winding 8 is a three-phase winding, each phase comprises two rectangular bunched coils, all six coils are wound on a stator yoke by adopting a flat winding method, and each winding coil is uniformly spaced by a mechanical angle of 60 degrees.
The detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the motor of the present disclosure is sequentially provided with a first rotor 1, an air gap 9, a stator 6, an air gap 9 and a second rotor 2 from left to right along a rotating shaft direction, and the length of the air gap 9 can be axially adjusted according to specific requirements without being affected by thicknesses of the rotors and the permanent magnets.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the motor stator 6 of the present disclosure is composed of a stator core 7 and a stator winding 8, the stator winding 8 includes six electrical coils, each coil is uniformly wound on the stator core 7 at a mechanical angle of 60 ° interval; the first rotor 1 and the second rotor 2 have the same specification and are composed of a rotor core 3, a permanent magnet N pole 4 and a permanent magnet S pole 5, and the two rotors are in mirror symmetry with a stator 6 as the center and are arranged on the same rotating shaft 10 for common output.
Referring to fig. 4, the motor rotor of the present disclosure includes two permanent magnets with opposite polarities, i.e., a permanent magnet N pole 4 and a permanent magnet S pole 5, where the two permanent magnets are symmetrically embedded on the surface of a rotor core 3 with a rotating shaft as a center to form a surface-embedded permanent magnet rotor, and when the motor operates at high speed, no sheath is needed, and because d and q axes inductances are not equal, an additional reluctance torque is generated, and the reluctance torque can be superposed with the permanent magnet torque to improve the total output torque of the motor; the permanent magnet is optimally designed to be crescent, so that the sine of a magnetic linkage and back electromotive force can be realized, torque pulsation and vibration noise are effectively weakened, and the stable, efficient and reliable operation of the motor is ensured.
In the embodiment example, the permanent magnet is optimally designed to be crescent-shaped, the original scheme adopts a conventional annular permanent magnet structure, and the waveform of the counter electromotive force is rectangular after finite element simulation analysis. In order to realize that the waveform of the back electromotive force is close to a sine shape so as to weaken torque pulsation and air gap magnetic field harmonic waves, the shape of the permanent magnet is optimized by adopting a genetic algorithm, and the correctness of a finite element simulation verification result is utilized to finally determine the structure of the crescent permanent magnet.
Referring to fig. 5, the stator core 7 of the motor of the present disclosure is in the shape of an annular disk, and the rotating shaft 10 is connected to the two rotors through the axis thereof; the stator winding 8 is a three-phase beam winding and is uniformly wound on the yoke of the stator core 7 in a flat winding mode, in fig. 5, "+" represents the incoming direction of each phase of winding, and "-" represents the outgoing direction of each phase of winding, A, B, C represents three phases of the stator winding 8 respectively, and each phase is separated by a mechanical angle of 60 degrees. By adopting the flat winding technology, the end part of the winding is neat and does not need to be bound, the structure is simple, and the heat dissipation performance is superior.
After three-phase alternating current which is pulse width modulated by a three-phase inverter is introduced into a stator winding part of the motor, the stator winding can generate a rotating magnetic field, a permanent magnet rotor generates permanent magnet torque which is in the same direction as the rotating magnetic field of the stator under the action of the rotating magnetic field, meanwhile, the motor rotor is a surface embedded permanent magnet rotor, the d-axis and q-axis inductances of the rotor are unequal, reluctance torque can be generated due to a salient pole effect, and the permanent magnet torque and the reluctance torque jointly form the total output torque of the motor. When the output torque of the motor exceeds the load torque and the friction torque of the rotor, the motor starts to work outwards and continuously accelerates until the synchronous speed is reached.
The motor stator iron core and the two rotor iron cores are both made of ultrathin silicon steel sheets which are laminated along the direction of the rotating shaft, the process is simple, and the manufacturing cost is low; the permanent magnet is made of rare earth permanent magnet material with high remanence and good high-temperature tolerance, and is suitable for high-speed operation working conditions; the stator winding adopts the carbon fiber composite copper flat wire of ultrahigh electric conductivity, high thermal conductivity, can show and reduce the motor loss, promotes heat dispersion and operating efficiency.
The motor adopts an axial magnetic flux structure, the length of an air gap is axially adjustable, the structure is more compact, the heat dissipation performance is superior, the motor has higher torque density, power density and efficiency, and the defects of poor heat dissipation performance, low power density, large cogging torque and the like of a radial magnetic flux motor are fundamentally overcome. The motor mainly comprises two surface-embedded permanent magnet rotors with the same specification and a middle stator, wherein the permanent magnets are embedded on the surfaces of the rotor cores, a sheath is not needed, the eddy current loss can be reduced, and the reluctance torque generated by unequal d-axis and q-axis inductances of the rotors is fully utilized to be superposed with the permanent magnet torque, so that the total output torque of the motor is increased; the permanent magnet is specially and optimally designed into a crescent shape, and the sine of a magnetic linkage and back electromotive force can be realized, so that the air gap magnetic field harmonic wave and torque pulsation are reduced, the vibration noise is inhibited, the using amount of the permanent magnet is reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced; the stator core adopts a slotless structure, is simple in design and has no tooth-slot torque, loss can be effectively reduced, vibration noise can be suppressed, the winding adopts a flat winding technology, compared with a traditional round wire winding, the winding end is smaller, the manufacturing is easy, the heat dissipation performance is good, the efficiency can be effectively improved, and the vibration noise can be suppressed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (8)

1. Axial flux high-speed permanent magnet machine based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnet, characterized by includes:
two rotors and a stator located intermediate the two rotors;
air gaps are arranged between the inner walls of the two rotors and the outer wall of the stator, the distance between the two air gaps is equal, and the length of the two air gaps is axially adjusted according to requirements;
permanent magnets are embedded on the surface of the iron core of the rotor and are configured into a crescent shape to realize the sine of a magnetic chain and back electromotive force;
the two rotors have the same structure and are composed of an iron core and two permanent magnets, the two permanent magnets are symmetrically distributed and embedded on the surface of the rotor iron core, and the rotor iron core is disc-shaped.
2. The axial flux high-speed permanent magnet machine based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnets of claim 1 further comprising a rotating shaft, wherein the two rotors are mounted on the rotating shaft on both sides of the stator in mirror symmetry and rotate with the shaft.
3. The axial flux high-speed permanent magnet machine based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnets of claim 1 wherein the stator is comprised of a core and windings, the stator core surface is slotless and the windings are three-phase beam windings.
4. The flux-cored sinusoidal permanent magnet based axial flux high speed permanent magnet machine according to claim 3, wherein each phase of the three-phase bundled windings comprises two rectangular bundled coils, six coils in total being wound on the stator yoke, each winding coil being evenly spaced by a mechanical angle of 60 °.
5. The axial flux high-speed permanent magnet motor based on the flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnet according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the windings are carbon fiber composite copper wires with ultrahigh electric conductivity and good heat conductivity.
6. The flux-cored sinusoidal permanent magnet-based axial-flux high-speed permanent magnet machine according to claim 5, wherein the windings are wound flat on the stator yoke.
7. The axial-flux high-speed permanent magnet motor based on flux-linkage sinusoidal permanent magnets of claim 1, wherein the stator and rotor cores are made of ultra-thin silicon steel sheets laminated in the direction of the rotation axis.
8. The axial flux high-speed permanent magnet motor based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnets of claim 1, wherein the two permanent magnets are symmetrically distributed with the rotating shaft as the center and have opposite polarities, i.e., one permanent magnet is the N pole and the other permanent magnet is the S pole.
CN202021076352.2U 2020-06-10 2020-06-10 Axial flux high-speed permanent magnet motor based on flux linkage sinusoidal permanent magnet Active CN211908613U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114884243A (en) * 2022-04-25 2022-08-09 山东大学 Axial flux permanent magnet motor based on hybrid rotor
CN114915070A (en) * 2022-05-09 2022-08-16 山东大学 Rotor based on double V-shaped permanent magnets and high-speed axial flux permanent magnet motor

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114884243A (en) * 2022-04-25 2022-08-09 山东大学 Axial flux permanent magnet motor based on hybrid rotor
CN114884243B (en) * 2022-04-25 2024-01-19 山东大学 Axial magnetic flux permanent magnet motor based on mixed rotor
CN114915070A (en) * 2022-05-09 2022-08-16 山东大学 Rotor based on double V-shaped permanent magnets and high-speed axial flux permanent magnet motor
CN114915070B (en) * 2022-05-09 2024-01-09 山东大学 Rotor based on double V-shaped permanent magnets and high-speed axial flux permanent magnet motor

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