CN211906676U - Analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry - Google Patents
Analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry Download PDFInfo
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- CN211906676U CN211906676U CN201922016639.XU CN201922016639U CN211906676U CN 211906676 U CN211906676 U CN 211906676U CN 201922016639 U CN201922016639 U CN 201922016639U CN 211906676 U CN211906676 U CN 211906676U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry. The utility model comprises an analytic aerial triangulation platform, a line architecture and a camera cone; the analytic aerial triangulation platform comprises a table top and four stand columns, wherein the bottom ends of the four stand columns are respectively fixed at the inner sides of four corners of the table top; the air route framework comprises an S-shaped curve and a plurality of wire rings, the S-shaped curve is fixedly connected with the top end of the stand column, the cone of the camera comprises a conical hook and a cone, the conical hook is fixedly connected to the top point of the cone, and the conical hook is used for being hung on the wire rings. The utility model discloses can simulate the aerial photograph and acquire the image and analyze aerial triangulation relation, select different materials to construct the analytic spatial relationship model of photography, advocate the practice teaching theory that uses the student as the center, design "with virtual teaching practice of replacing reality", carry out the real standard of emulation with the photogrammetry spatial relationship, tamp student's photogrammetry basic knowledge.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a survey and drawing technical field, specific analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry that says so.
Background
The photogrammetry is a process, science and technology for researching space information acquisition, processing, extraction and result expression by using images, and through the course learning, basic knowledge in the aspect of student photogrammetry can be tamped, and the practical ability of students for acquiring basic data of smart city construction by using photogrammetry knowledge is improved. Photogrammetry has moved from analog photogrammetry to analytical photogrammetry to the practical stage of digital photogrammetry. The photogrammetry has many related knowledge contents including graphic imaging, mode recognition, computer vision, artificial intelligence and the like, and is a basic course of related specialties such as surveying and mapping engineering of colleges and universities and geographic information systems in China.
The photogrammetry course is one of the courses with strong practicability in surveying and mapping related professional courses, and the teaching practice is always an important teaching link of the photogrammetry course, so that the photogrammetry course not only can deepen the understanding of students on the theoretical knowledge, but also has remarkable professional characteristics. At present, the practice teaching link is arranged as centralized practice → comprehensive practice of production. The 4D product centralized teaching practice is designed through centralized practice, and the practice training is developed around the process of producing the 4D product by utilizing a full-digital photogrammetric system JX-4 or Context Capture. The comprehensive production practice is mainly based on autonomous learning of students, and requires the students to complete the production of 4D products according to the production specification requirements by applying the knowledge learned by classroom teaching and the basic operating skills mastered by practice teaching.
At present, photogrammetry teaching practice mainly focuses on the 4D product manufacturing or programming to realize the photogrammetry analysis process, and neglects the influence of the photogrammetry basic knowledge on the 4D product manufacturing or photogrammetry analysis programming. In addition, the photogrammetry content is large in knowledge amount and small in knowledge points, and the knowledge content is abstract, so that students need strong abstract thinking ability. In order to enable students to better learn and master basic theory and practice skill of photogrammetry, course teaching needs to show abstract knowledge content in the teaching process in an imaging mode. Or a related matched manual experiment course is set, a practice link of manually making an aerial photography model is set, the spatial relation of photogrammetry is simulated, students can know the spatial relation analyzed by photogrammetry in the practice process, and the spatial thinking ability of the students is developed.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the above-mentioned weak point that exists among the prior art, the to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to provide an analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry.
The utility model discloses a realize that the technical scheme that above-mentioned purpose adopted is: an analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry comprises an analytic aerial triangulation platform, a course architecture and a camera cone; the analytic aerial triangulation platform comprises a table top and four stand columns, wherein the bottom ends of the four stand columns are respectively fixed at the inner sides of four corners of the table top; the air route framework comprises an S-shaped curve and a plurality of wire rings, the S-shaped curve is fixedly connected with the top end of the stand column, the cone of the camera comprises a conical hook and a cone, the conical hook is fixedly connected to the top point of the cone, and the conical hook is used for being hung on the wire rings.
The table top is rectangular and is used for placing a topographic map or an image map in the measuring area.
The height of each upright post is H-c multiplied by f, wherein f represents the focal length of the camera, and c is a constant.
The distance between each upright post and the length direction of the corresponding table top boundary is d1C × l × (1-p%)/2, and a distance d from the mesa boundary in the width direction corresponding theretowC is a constant, 1 is the aerial photograph frame length, and w is the aerial photograph frame width.
The distance between every two opposite upright columns on the same side is the length L or the width W of a topographic map/image map in the measuring region.
The wire loops are arranged at fixed intervals on the S-shaped curve.
The fixed spacing between the loops is c x l x (1-p%), where p% represents the course overlap and l is the aerial photograph frame length.
The interval between adjacent lines is c × w × (1-m%), where c is a constant, m% represents the side overlap, and w is the aerial photograph frame width.
The camera cone comprises a single cone and a double cone;
the single cone comprises a cone hook, a cone middle rectangular plane, a cone bottom rectangular plane and a cone middle ray; the ray in the cone is a line segment connecting the cone hook and the cone bottom;
the double-cone-shaped aircraft comprises a double-cone conical hook, a first cone middle rectangular plane, a second cone middle rectangular plane, a cone bottom rectangular plane and a cone middle ray, wherein the length, the width, the distance from a cone top and the distance from the cone bottom rectangular plane of the first cone middle rectangular plane and the second cone middle rectangular plane are the same, the cone middle ray is two line segments connecting the conical hook and the cone bottom rectangular plane at the same point, the cone bottom rectangular plane comprises three rectangular panels, the left panel and the right panel are equal in size and account for (1-p%)/p% times of the size of the middle panel or less, and p% represents course overlapping degree.
The utility model discloses an advantage and beneficial effect do:
1. simulating aerial photography to acquire images and analyze aerial triangulation relations, selecting different materials to construct a photography analysis spatial relation model, advocating a practice teaching concept with students as the center, designing virtual instead of real teaching practice, carrying out simulation practical training on the photography measurement spatial relation, and tamping basic knowledge of the photography measurement of the students.
2. The basic knowledge of photogrammetry can be clearly shown to students, the spatial thinking ability of the students is cultivated, and the students are induced to carry out the course learning of photogrammetry such as 4D product manufacturing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall structure diagram of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the analytic aerial triangulation platform of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is the internal structure view of the single cone of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an internal structure view of the double cone of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The utility model relates to an analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry, including analytic aerial triangulation platform 1, airline framework 2 and camera cone 3, as shown in FIG. 1.
As shown in FIG. 2, the analytic aerial triangulation platform 1 is composed of a table top 1-1 and four upright posts 1-2. The deck 1-1 may be constructed of any wood or veneer panel for laying a topographical or shadowgraph map of the survey area. The upright posts 1-2 are vertical surface bodies made of wood or steel bar materials and are positioned at the inner side fixing positions of four corners of the triangulation platform, the height H of the upright posts is c multiplied by f, and the width d of the upright posts from the boundary of the platform surface is dwC × w × (1-m%)/2 and length dlWhere f denotes the camera focal length, c is a constant (different values depending on the scale denominator of the chart), l is the aerial photograph image frame length, w is the aerial photograph image frame width, p% denotes course overlap, and m% denotes side overlap. The height of stand is the height of centrum height + awl hook + ring the utility model discloses an embodiment, the height of centrum can be pushed away and calculate and obtain, but the purpose of awl hook and ring is hung the centrum aloft, and the height of ring and awl hook is a very little random value, can ignore.
The lane architecture 2 is composed of an S-shaped curve 2-1 and a certain number of wire loops 2-2. The S-shaped curve 2-1 is a line which has certain hardness and can be shaped naturally, is used for obtaining a flight path of the aerial photo in the measuring area and is in an S shape. A wire loop 2-2 is provided on the S-shaped curve 2-1 at a predetermined interval for suspending the wire loop. The interval here is a fixed value, the loop interval on the same straight line is c × l × (1-p%), and the interval between the corresponding loops on the adjacent straight lines (i.e. the course in photogrammetry) is c × w × (1-m%). c is a constant (different values according to the scale denominator of the measured image), l is the length of the aerial photograph image frame, w is the width of the aerial photograph image frame, and p% represents the course overlapping degree; m% represents the degree of side overlap.
The camera cone 3 is composed of a cone hook 3-1 and a cone, and comprises two equipment types, namely a single cone and a double cone. The internal structure of the single cone comprises four parts, namely a cone hook 3-1, a cone middle rectangular plane 3-2-1, a cone bottom rectangular plane 3-2-2 and a cone middle ray 3-2-3. The distance from the cone top to the rectangular plane in the cone is f, the distance from the cone top to the rectangular plane at the cone bottom is H, the length of the rectangular plane in the cone is 1, the width of the rectangular plane in the cone is w, the length of the rectangular plane at the cone bottom is (l multiplied by H)/f, and the width of the rectangular plane at the cone bottom is (w multiplied by H)/f.
The rectangular plane of the bicone comprises two planes 3-2-1-1 and 3-2-1-2, the areas and the heights of the two planes are equal. Ray 3-2-2 in the cone is two line segments connecting the cone hook and the same point of the cone bottom. The rectangular plane 3-2-3 with conical bottom comprises three rectangular panels, wherein the left and right panels are equal in size and respectively account for (1-p%)/(2-p%) times and less than the length of the rectangular plane with conical bottom. The lengths of the first cone middle rectangular plane and the second cone middle rectangular plane are both l, the widths of the first cone middle rectangular plane and the second cone middle rectangular plane are both w, the length of the cone bottom rectangular plane is (2-p%) × (l × H)/f, and the width of the cone bottom rectangular plane is (w × H)/f; the distances from the rectangular plane in the first cone to the cone top and the distances from the rectangular plane in the second cone to the cone top are both f
The distances from the first cone middle rectangular plane to the cone bottom rectangular plane are both H; the ray in the cone is two line segments connecting the cone hook and the same point of the rectangular plane with the cone bottom, the rectangular plane with the cone bottom comprises three rectangular panels, wherein the left panel and the right panel are equal in size and account for (1-p%)/p% times or less of the size of the middle panel.
Fig. 3 shows the photography process in photogrammetry, which expresses the imaging process of the camera and also expresses the collinear relationship among the photography site (vertex), image point and ground point.
The coordinate X and y of the image point in the image plane coordinate system with the image principal point as the origin, the coordinate X, Y, Z of the ground point corresponding to the image point in the ground photogrammetry coordinate system, the image principal distance f, and the external orientation element X forming the images、Ys、Zs、
Omega and kappa (which are represented by a)1、a2、a3、b1、b2、b3、c1、c2、c3Composition).
Fig. 4 shows a schematic process of solving the ground point by using the stereo image. In the process of photogrammetry analysis, if the internal parameters of the camera are known, the coordinates of four pairs of image points with the same name and the corresponding ground point coordinates thereof, the image plane coordinates of the image points with the same name can be converted into an image space coordinate system and an image space auxiliary coordinate system, and further converted into a ground photogrammetry coordinate system, then the collinear relationship between the image points with the same name and the corresponding ground point coordinates can be described, information such as external orientation elements of a stereo pair can be obtained through nonlinear analysis, and the corresponding ground point coordinates thereof can be obtained according to other image point coordinates. The device shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4 is hung on three adjacent wire loops at the same time, and the related content of aerial triangulation by the aerial belt method is shown. The utility model discloses integrated the relevant content of photogrammetry science, designed the analytic aerial triangulation teaching device that a comprehensive nature is stronger.
Example 1: as the main distance f of the camera is known to be 153.24mm, the coordinates of the image points of the four pairs of points and the corresponding ground coordinates are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 pixels and corresponding ground coordinates
And (4) obtaining the external orientation element of the photo and the ground point coordinates corresponding to other same-name points except the 4 pairs of same-name image points.
The specific solving process comprises two steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
substituting the camera main distance f and the data in the table 1 into a formula 1, listing 8 equations, and obtaining the external orientation element between the two images by utilizing Matlab software or Excel software.
Xs＝1492.41127406195；Ys＝-554.401567176194；Zs＝1425.68660973544；
ω＝0.00911624039769785；κ＝-0.105416434087641
Step two:
and measuring coordinates of other image points with the same name in the stereo image pair, substituting the external orientation element and the principal distance into a formula 1, arranging 4 equations, and solving ground point coordinates (X, Y and Z) corresponding to the image points with the same name.
Example 2: a topographic map of 1: 10000 is made for a certain area by an aerial photography method, wherein the measuring area is a rectangular area with 10km from east to west and 6km from north to south. The method comprises the following steps: (1) an RC-30 aerial camera is selected to obtain an image, the focal length is 153.4mm, and the image amplitude is 23cm by 23 cm; (2) the course overlapping requirement reaches 60 percent; the side overlap reaches 30%.
The specific analysis is as follows:
according to the relation m between the photographing scale and the drawing scalek＝c×mbWhen the scale of the graph is larger than 1: 5 ten thousand, the value of c is 3-5, and the value of c is 3 in the example. The focal length f of the aerial photography instrument is 153.4mm, the length 1 of the aerial photography is 23cm, and the width w of the aerial photography is 23 cm. According to the course overlap and side overlap requirements, p% is 60% and m% is 30%.
Based on the above known data, the device of the present invention can be designed with specific dimensions. The specific calculation process is as follows:
(1) distance between two stands on same limit: l10 km/10000 100cm
(2) Distance between two columns on the other side: w is 6km/10000 is 60cm
(3) Height of the column: h ═ c × f ≈ 3 × 15.4cm ≈ 46cm
(4) The distance between the upright post and the length direction of the corresponding table top boundary is as follows:
d1＝c×l×(1-p％)/2＝3×23cm×0.4/2≈14cm
(5) the distance between the upright post and the corresponding table board in the width direction is as follows:
dw＝c×w×(1-m％)/2＝3×23cm×0.7/2≈24cm
(6) the theoretical fixed interval of the same route is c × l × 1-p% ═ 3 × 23cm × 0.4 ═ 27.6 cm. The total length of the same route is 128cm, theoretically, the same route should be provided with 4.6 wire loops of 128cm/27.6cm, and in order to achieve 60% course overlapping degree, 5 wire loops are required to be arranged on the same route, and the interval between each two wire loops is 25 cm.
(7) The interval between the wire rings corresponding to the adjacent route is as follows: c × w × (1-m%) ═ 3 × 23cm × 0.7 ≈ 48 cm. The width of the photographic platform is 108cm, 108cm/48cm is set to be 2.25 ≈ 3 flight paths, and the interval between every two flight paths is 30 cm.
(8) Length of the single-cone conical bottom rectangular plane: (l × H)/f ═ 23cm × 46.2cm/15.4cm ═ 69cm
(9) Width of the single-cone conical bottom rectangular plane: (w × H)/f is 23cm × 46.2cm/15.4cm is 69cm
(10) Width of the rectangular plane with the double cone bottom: the data for (w × H)/f is 23cm × 46.2cm/15.4cm — 69cm, as shown in the following figure.
(11) Length of the double-cone conical bottom rectangular plane:
(2-p％)×(l×H)/f＝(2-60％)×(23cm×46.2cm)/15.4cm＝96.6cm
(12) the length of the left and right panels in the plane of the conical bottom rectangle of the double cone is 0.2857 times (1-p%)/(2-p%) of the length of the plane of the conical bottom rectangle, so that the length of the left and right panels is 27.6 cm.
Claims (8)
1. An analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry is characterized by comprising an analytic aerial triangulation platform, a route architecture and a camera cone; the analytic aerial triangulation platform comprises a table top and four stand columns, wherein the bottom ends of the four stand columns are respectively fixed at the inner sides of four corners of the table top; the air route framework comprises an S-shaped curve and a plurality of wire rings, the S-shaped curve is fixedly connected with the top end of the stand column, the cone of the camera comprises a conical hook and a cone, the conical hook is fixedly connected to the top point of the cone, and the conical hook is used for being hung on the wire rings.
2. The teaching device for aerial triangulation during photogrammetry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the table top is rectangular for placing a topographic map or an image map in the survey area.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the height of the pillar is H ═ cxf, where f denotes the focal length of the camera and c is a constant.
4. The teaching apparatus of claim 1, wherein the distance between each pillar and the corresponding table boundary in the length direction is dlC × l × (1-p%)/2, and a distance d from the mesa boundary in the width direction corresponding theretowC is a constant, l is the aerial photograph frame length, and w is the aerial photograph frame width.
5. The teaching device for aerial triangulation for interpretation in photogrammetry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between two opposite pillars on the same side is the length L or the width W of the topographic/image map in the survey area.
6. The teaching device for aerial triangulation for analysis in photogrammetry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wire loops are provided at regular intervals on the S-shaped curve.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the fixed interval between the loops is c x l x (1-p%) on the same straight line of the S-shaped curve, wherein p% represents the course overlap and l is the aerial photograph frame length.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the fixed spacing between the loops on adjacent lines of the sigmoid curve is c x w x (1-m%), wherein c is a constant, m% represents the lateral overlap, and w is the aerial photograph frame width.
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| CN110751885A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-04 | 成都信息工程大学 | Analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110751885A (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2020-02-04 | 成都信息工程大学 | Analytic aerial triangulation teaching device in photogrammetry |
| CN110751885B (en) * | 2019-11-20 | 2024-05-24 | 成都信息工程大学 | Teaching device for analyzing aerial triangulation in photogrammetry |
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