CN211873400U - Prefabricated wall body mould and prefabricated wall body in district are pour in enlargement - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a prefabricated wall body mould, prefabricated wall body of enlarging pouring area, the mould includes quadrangle template frame, is equipped with the inner module in quadrangle template frame, the inner module includes the pipe fitting that is used for constructing the concrete pouring channel, is used for constructing the first module of enlarging pouring area and is used for constructing the second module of bottom cast-in-place district; the inner die set also comprises a control mechanism for controlling the inner die set to enter the die and to exit the die. When this is novel to cast in situ, enlarge the concrete entering area at top, the concrete of being convenient for flows in, and the concrete can concentrate during the vibration, flows in and fills the passageway, and the mould combination dismantles conveniently, both can flat mould production, but also the production of erecting the mould.

Description

Prefabricated wall body mould and prefabricated wall body in district are pour in enlargement

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a prefabricated wall body technical field, especially a enlarge prefabricated wall body mould of pouring district and prefabricated wall body thereof.

Background

The prefabricated wall is a wall which is poured in advance by using a mold in a factory, and a cast-in-place space is usually reserved for in-situ pouring when the prefabricated wall is poured.

At present, a prefabricated wall in the related art reserves a concrete pouring channel from top to bottom in the wall, and the end of the channel is only a small round hole or a small square hole as a pouring hole. In the field construction process, beam iron reinforcing steel bars need to be bound on site, are very dense, can form certain shielding to a pouring hole, and obstruct inflow and concentration of concrete.

Therefore, the utility model is especially provided.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide an enlarge prefabricated wall body mould of pouring district and prefabricated wall body thereof when being favorable to the cast in situ, enlarges the concrete entering area at top, and the concrete of being convenient for flows in, and the vibrating spear concrete can be concentrated when vibrating, flows in and fills the passageway, and the mould combination dismantles conveniently.

In order to achieve the above objects, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a prefabricated wall body mold for enlarging a pouring area, comprising a quadrangular formwork frame, wherein an inner mold set is arranged in the quadrangular formwork frame, and the inner mold set comprises a pipe fitting for constructing a concrete pouring channel, a first module for constructing the enlarged pouring area and a second module for constructing a bottom cast-in-place area; the pipe fitting penetrates through two opposite side templates in the quadrilateral template frame, and the first module is arranged on the inner side of one template in the two opposite side templates and is sleeved on the pipe fitting; the second module penetrates through the other sides of the two opposite side formworks, and the pipe fitting penetrates through the second module and can rotate outside the quadrilateral formwork frame; the inner module also comprises a control mechanism for controlling the inner module to enter the die and to exit the die.

Furthermore, the control mechanism comprises a sliding groove which is formed in the circumferential surface, located outside the quadrilateral template frame, of the pipe fitting along the axial direction of the pipe fitting, a pin which extends into the sliding groove along the radial direction of the pipe fitting is arranged in the sliding groove, and the part, exposed out of the sliding groove, of the pin is connected with the second module.

Further, a connecting plate is arranged on the second module, and the pin vertically penetrates through the connecting plate so as to connect the second module with the pipe fitting.

Further, the first module is a trapezoid module, a semicircular module or an irregular module capable of enlarging a pouring area.

Furthermore, the second module is positioned on the outer side part of the quadrilateral template frame and is also provided with a limiting structure for limiting the inner module to enter the die limit position.

Further, the inner modules are arranged in parallel in the quadrilateral template frame in multiple groups.

In a second aspect, the utility model provides a prefabricated wall body made by using the prefabricated wall body mould for enlarging the pouring area, which comprises a prefabricated wall body, wherein a concrete pouring channel is constructed in the prefabricated wall body, one end of the concrete pouring channel is the enlarging pouring area, and the sectional area of the enlarging pouring area is larger than that of the end part of the concrete pouring channel; the other end of the concrete pouring channel is a bottom cast-in-place area.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses a following beneficial effect has: through the interior module that sets up special construction, when the channel is filled to the structure concrete, still construct the regional bigger enlargement of channel top that fills to the concrete at the wall body top and pour the district, when cast in situ, even if the beam iron reinforcing bar at wall body top is intensive, because the existence of enlarging pouring the district, do not influence the smooth inflow of concrete yet, combine the use of instruments such as the stick that shakes, can make things convenient for the concrete to flow into the channel is filled to the concrete faster.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view structure diagram of a prefabricated wall mold for enlarging a pouring area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a prefabricated wall mold for enlarging a pouring area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a control mechanism portion;

fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a prefabricated wall provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 6 at another angle;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the site construction of the prefabricated wall;

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of sub-modules of a first module in one embodiment;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a first module formed by splicing together two submodules of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a sub-module of the first module in another embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a first module formed by splicing together two submodules of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a sub-module of the first module in another embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a second mold block surface used to form a key slot protrusion;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a prefabricated wall keyway;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a diagonal brace in one embodiment;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the modular support structure;

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a diagonal brace;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of FIG. 18 with the floor slab removed;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a pre-buried support structure at the top of a prefabricated wall;

FIG. 21 is an enlarged partial schematic view of a portion of the observation hole and the baffle plate;

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of a second module employing a reinforcement cage;

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of an edge adjustment portion of a prefabricated wall;

FIG. 24 is a schematic structural view of another second module;

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the second module shown in FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a side view of the second module shown in FIG. 24;

FIG. 27 is a schematic view of the internal gear and rack arrangement of the second module of FIG. 24;

FIG. 28 is a schematic view of the structure of the mold tube insertion;

FIG. 29 is a side view of the mold tubes as they are being mated;

FIG. 30 is a schematic structural view of a grout stop mechanism during construction of a corner wall;

FIG. 31 is a schematic structural view of a grout stop mechanism (including reinforcing steel bars) during construction of a corner wall;

in the figure: 1-a quadrilateral template frame; 2-an inner module; 3, prefabricating a wall body; 4-beam iron reinforcement; 101-upper side die; 102-lower side die; 103-left side die; 104-right side mode; 21-a first module; 210-a sub-module; 211-notch; 22-a second module; 23-a tube member; 231-a sliding groove; 24-a pin; 25-a connecting plate; 26-trapezoidal composite boards; 31-enlarging a pouring area; 32-bottom cast-in-place area; 33-concrete pouring channel; 34-exposing a rib groove; 35-a keyway; 5-a first support bar; 6-a second support bar; 7-a combined supporting mechanism; 71-channel steel; 72-a pin shaft; 73-fixing bolts; 8-adjusting a screw rod; 9-iron sheet; 10-a reinforcement cage; 11-a viewing aperture; 12-a baffle plate.

Detailed Description

The principles and spirit of the present invention will be described with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are described only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the invention and to implement the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a prefabricated wall mold for enlarging a casting area, including a quadrangular formwork frame 1 and an inner formwork assembly 2, wherein the quadrangular formwork frame 1 is formed by enclosing an upper formwork 101, a lower formwork 102, a left formwork 103 and a right formwork 104, so as to form a rectangular area with a thickness. The quadrangular formwork frame 1 is used for constructing the outer edge shape of the wall body.

The inner module 2 penetrates the formworks of two opposite sides of the quadrangular formwork frame, for example, in the present embodiment, one end of the inner module 2 penetrates the upper side formwork 101 and the other end penetrates the lower side formwork 102, and the portion of the inner module located between the upper side formwork 101 and the lower side formwork 102 is used for constructing the internal structure of the prefabricated wall, i.e., when concrete is poured, the inner module 2 blocks the inflow of concrete, thereby forming a specific shape and structure inside the wall. In particular, the inner module 2 comprises a pipe 23 for constructing a concrete pouring channel, a first module 21 for constructing an enlarged casting area and a second module 22 for constructing an under-cast-in-place area. The pipe 23 penetrates through the upper side die 101 and the lower side die 102, and the first die 21 is arranged on the inner side of the upper side die 101, sleeved on the pipe 23 and capable of sliding along the axial direction of the pipe 23. The second module 22 passes through the lower die 102, and the second module 22 is sleeved on the pipe 23 and can slide along the axial direction of the pipe 23. The inner die set 2 further comprises a control mechanism for controlling the die entering and the die exiting of the inner die set 2. The tube 23 is rotatable relative to the first and second modules 21, 22 to facilitate separation from the concrete during stripping.

The shape of the first module 21 may be varied (as shown in fig. 9-13) as long as it is sufficient to enlarge the casting area of the top of the wall. In some embodiments, trapezoidal or semicircular modules may be used, which form a closed end along the upper sideform 101 toward the lower sideform 102 to facilitate the flow of concrete along the closed end into the concrete pouring channel. In other embodiments, irregularly shaped first modules may also be used.

The first module can adopt an integral structure or be formed by splicing two half sub-modules. Of course, it is also possible to use only half of the submodules, i.e. to enlarge the casting area on only one side of the concrete casting channel. The sub-modules 210 shown in fig. 9, 11 and 13 can be used alone, butted on the pipe fitting by the notches 211, and only the casting area on one side of the pipe fitting is enlarged, or two identical or similar sub-modules can be spliced together to form the first module 21 of the integral structure shown in fig. 10 and 12, and the first module is sleeved on the pipe fitting.

In this embodiment, the control mechanism includes a sliding groove 231 formed along the axial direction of the pipe 23 on the circumferential surface of the pipe 23 located outside the lower side die 102, and the sliding groove 231 is elongated as a whole. A pin 24 extending in the radial direction of the pipe member 23 is provided in the slide groove 231, and a portion of the pin 24 exposed from the slide groove 231 is connected to the second module 22. Further, a connecting plate 25 is disposed on the second module 22, and the connecting plate 25 is also located outside the lower side mold 102, and has a long bar shape extending in a direction away from the second module 22. The top of the pin 24 extends vertically through the web 25 to connect the second module 22 to the tube 23. After the second module 22 and the pipe 23 are connected by the control mechanism, the pin 24 can slide back and forth along the sliding slot 231, and the two ends of the sliding slot 231 are the extreme moving positions of the pin 24. When the pipe 23 is pushed, the first end of the sliding groove 231 away from the lower die 102 gradually approaches the pin 24 until the pin 24 is pressed against, and the whole inner die set 2 is fed into the quadrilateral die frame 1, so as to complete the die-entering action. After the pouring is finished, the pipe fitting 23 is pulled, the pin 24 gradually approaches to one end, close to the lower side mold, of the sliding groove 231 until the pin 24 is pulled by the sliding groove 231, the pulling force is applied to the whole inner module 2, the pipe fitting 23 and the second module 22 are gradually pulled out of the prefabricated wall body, and the mold stripping action is finished.

Pulling and pushing the tube 23 may be done manually, or may be done using hydraulic, pneumatic, or electromechanical devices. In some embodiments, robotic arms, manipulators, or both, may be employed to control the pushing and pulling of the tubular 23, thereby enabling intelligent production.

Furthermore, the second module 22 is located at the outer side of the quadrangular formwork frame 1 and is further provided with a limiting structure for limiting the inner module 2 to enter the mold limit position. In this embodiment, the limiting structure is a trapezoidal combination plate 26 connected with the upper connecting plate 25 of the second module 22, the trapezoidal combination plate is also sleeved on the pipe 23, when the inner module 2 enters the die, the trapezoidal combination plate 26 can finally abut against the outer side of the lower die 102, the second module 22 is limited from further entering, and the limiting effect is achieved.

According to the national standard, the joint surface of the prefabricated part and the post-cast concrete, the grouting material and the mortar setting material is provided with a rough surface, but the rough surface is very complicated to manufacture. Therefore, in this embodiment, further, as shown in fig. 14-15, the front and back surfaces of the second module 22 are further provided with protrusions 220, and the protrusions 220 are used for forming the key slots 35 on the inner surface of the cast-in-place area. The key groove 35 is arranged on the joint surface of the cast-in-place concrete and the prefabricated wall body, and the key groove of the joint surface can replace a rough surface required in the cast-in-place standard, so that the complicated process of manufacturing the rough surface is saved.

The second module 22 may be made of metal plate, or may be made of a reinforcement cage 10 formed by tightly stacking reinforcement meshes (as shown in fig. 22), and the reinforcement cage 10 has a reinforcement function, and may be integrated with a wall body without being removed from the wall body after casting.

Referring to fig. 24-27, in another embodiment, the second module comprises a housing 14, wherein baffles 143 are disposed on two sides in the housing 14, the baffles 143 are provided with through slots 147 for passing the transverse steel bars in the cast-in-place area, a vertically arranged rack 144 is connected to the inner side of each baffle 143, a rotating shaft 142 is disposed on the inner side of each rack 144, and a gear 145 engaged with the rack 144 is connected to the rotating shaft 142; a pipe 141 is further arranged in the shell, a pin hole 146 for installing a pin is formed in the upper surface of the pipe 141, and a limiting groove for limiting the movement of the pin is formed in the shell 14. When the form is disassembled, the pin is pulled out, the pipe fitting is pulled out, the rotating shaft 142 is rotated, and the baffle plate also rotates under the matching of the rack and the gear, so that the baffle plate is separated from the poured concrete part, and the second module can be detached more easily.

In this embodiment, the inner modules 2 may be arranged in parallel in the quadrilateral template frame 1, and accordingly, after the prefabricated wall is manufactured, a plurality of groups of enlarged pouring areas, corresponding concrete pouring channels and bottom cast-in-place spaces may be formed.

As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the embodiment further provides a prefabricated wall 3 manufactured by using the prefabricated wall mold for enlarging the casting area, and when the prefabricated wall is used, flat mold casting may be adopted, or vertical mold casting may be adopted after slight modification. Taking flat die casting as an example, after the quadrangular die frame 1 and the inner die set 2 are assembled, reinforcing steel bars are embedded, concrete is poured into the die, the concrete flows into the vacant space in the die, after the concrete is solidified and cured, the quadrangular rectangular die frame 1 and the inner die set 2 are disassembled, and the prefabricated wall body 3 with the top provided with the enlarged casting area 31, the bottom provided with the cast-in-place area 32 and the middle provided with the concrete pouring channel 33 is obtained. The sectional area of the area 31 for enlarged casting is larger than that of the end part of the concrete pouring channel 33, during on-site construction, the prefabricated wall 3 is erected, the bottom of the prefabricated wall is connected with the lower-layer wall through the exposed rib groove 34 constructed in the on-site casting area, and the beam iron steel bars 4 are laid at the top of the prefabricated wall (as shown in fig. 8).

The embodiment of the utility model provides a still provide the method of using above-mentioned prefabricated wall body to carry out site operation, this method includes following step

The method comprises the following steps: prefabricated wall body hoist and mount

The prefabricated wall body is hoisted, in the hoisting process of the wall body, hoisting points are firmly hung, the wall body cannot be inclined, and the prefabricated wall body is lightly hoisted; after the wall body is hung above a floor, the wall body slowly falls down, the exposed rib grooves of the upper wall body and the longitudinal steel bars extending out of the top end of the lower wall body are aligned and inserted until the upper wall body stably falls down, for example, iron sheets are embedded at the bottom of the upper wall body, and the wall body is located on leveling bolts embedded above the lower wall body when falling down.

Step two: wall body adjustment

Height adjustment: as shown in fig. 20, a vertical adjusting screw 8 is embedded in the top of the lower wall, and a nut is arranged on the top of the adjusting screw 8. Iron sheets 9 are embedded in the positions, corresponding to the lower-layer wall body adjusting screw rods 8, of the bottom surface of the upper-layer wall body. After the iron sheet is contacted with the nut, the iron sheet sits on the nut, and the elevation of the upper-layer wall body can be adjusted up and down by adjusting the nut. By utilizing the top supporting structure pre-buried in the wall body, the on-site elevation adjustment can be quickly realized, and the construction speed is improved.

And (3) adjusting the verticality: the side surface of the wall body is provided with the inclined supporting rod, one end of the inclined supporting rod is hinged with the wall body, the other end of the inclined supporting rod is supported on the ground, the inclined supporting rod is a telescopic adjusting rod, and the length of the inclined supporting rod is adjusted to adjust the verticality of the wall body so as to meet requirements.

The hinging mode of the wall body and the inclined supporting rods can be as follows: the side of wall body sets up the mounting hole in advance, installs articulated seat in the mounting hole, then is connected the one end and the articulated seat of bracing piece to one side, and the other end is also subaerial through articulated seat installation. The hinged seat at the other end can be replaced by a combined supporting mechanism 7, as shown in fig. 16-17, the combined supporting mechanism 7 comprises a channel steel 71, the channel steel 71 is fixed on the ground through a fixing bolt 73, two pin shafts 72 are transversely arranged in the channel steel 71, one of the pin shafts is hinged with a first inclined supporting rod 5, the other pin shaft is hinged with a second inclined supporting rod 6, the inclined angles of the first inclined supporting rod 5 and the second inclined supporting rod 6 are different, and the inclined angle of the first inclined supporting rod 5 to the ground is larger than the inclined angle of the second inclined supporting rod 6 to the ground. The modular support structure of fig. 18 is identical to that of fig. 16-17 except for its use in an interior wall structure, and fig. 19 differs from that of fig. 18 in that the floor is removed to facilitate viewing of the bolt locations on the underside of the modular support structure. By utilizing the combined supporting mechanism, two inclined supporting rods with different inclination angles can be simultaneously installed on the ground, so that the angle adjustment of different amplitudes and positions is realized, the installation time of constructors is saved, and the materials of installation nodes are also saved. The combined supporting mechanism is firmly connected with the ground, and is safe and reliable.

Step three: hoisting prefabricated floor slab

And hoisting the prefabricated floor slab, and installing the prefabricated floor slab above the wall body. This step can be accomplished with the use of existing prefabricated floor adjusting elements mounted on the wall.

Step four: lay roof beam iron reinforcing bar

And beam iron reinforcing steel bars are laid above the precast floor slab. The beam iron reinforcing steel bars and the reinforcing steel bars extending out of the top of the wall body are arranged in an inserting mode.

In the fourth step of laying the beam iron reinforcing steel bars, the pipe 141 of the inner module is divided into an upper section and a lower section which are mutually inserted, the diameter of the pipe 141b at the lower section is smaller than that of the pipe 141a at the upper section, and the pipe at the upper end is provided with a notch 141c for the beam iron transverse reinforcing steel bars to pass through. So, the length of pipe fitting just can nimble adjustment, if the pipe fitting overlength of needs, can adopt the mode of socket joint to realize the concatenation equipment. (as shown in FIGS. 28-29)

Step five: casting concrete into enlarged casting area

Although the beam iron reinforcing steel bars form shielding to a certain degree on the top of the prefabricated wall body, the area of the enlarged pouring area is large, when concrete is poured, even if the area is not aligned with the round hole of the concrete pouring channel, the concrete can flow into the enlarged pouring area with a large area range, the inner wall of the enlarged pouring area with the shape of a funnel is concentrated, tools such as vibrating rods are combined, the concrete is more convenient to form concentration in the enlarged pouring area, and the concrete flows into the concrete pouring channel to realize in-situ pouring.

The concrete flows into the cast-in-place area at the bottom along the concrete pouring channel, is gradually filled, and forms wrapping with the steel bars at the bottom of the wall body and the steel bars extending into the top of the lower-layer wall body. The inner surface of the cast-in-place area is provided with a key groove to replace a rough surface, and the construction process of constructing the rough surface is also saved.

As shown in fig. 21, before concrete is poured, an observation hole 11 is reserved on the surface of the prefabricated wall, the observation hole 11 is not plugged in the early stage, and the poured plug is floating.

When pouring, a baffle plate 12 can be arranged between the prefabricated wall body and the ground and is fixedly inserted by steel bars for blocking slurry.

And after the in-situ pouring is finished, the connection between the upper and lower layers of wall bodies is finished.

The prefabricated wall body in the construction method can be an outer wall body and an inner wall body. The position of the wall body can be a corner wall body or a linear wall body. The wall body can be provided with reserved openings such as doors and windows.

The length of the cast-in-place cavity at the edge of the prefabricated wall body is adjustable, as shown in fig. 23, the cast-in-place cavity is also arranged at the edge of the prefabricated wall body, and if the cavity is not complete enough, the length b1 of the edge cavity can be made to be suitable by flexibly adjusting the design of the mold according to the requirements in actual construction.

In particular, when constructing the corner wall, an eccentric mechanism of the corner wall grout blocking is used, as shown in fig. 30 to 31, the mechanism includes a housing 15, a rotating shaft 150 is provided in the housing 15, the rotating shaft 150 is connected to a first grout blocking strip 151 through a first connecting rod 153, and is connected to a second grout blocking strip 152 through a second connecting rod 154, and a plurality of grooves for embedding horizontal reinforcing bars are formed at intervals on the first grout blocking strip 151 and the second grout blocking strip 152 to prevent the inflow of concrete.

The present invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, and the description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping understanding the core idea of the present invention. It should be understood that any obvious modifications, equivalents and other improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The prefabricated wall body mould for enlarging the pouring area is characterized by comprising a quadrilateral template frame, wherein an inner module is arranged in the quadrilateral template frame, and the inner module comprises a pipe fitting for constructing a concrete pouring channel, a first module for constructing the enlarging pouring area and a second module for constructing a bottom cast-in-place area; the pipe fitting penetrates through two opposite side templates in the quadrilateral template frame, and the first module is arranged on the inner side of one template in the two opposite side templates and is sleeved on the pipe fitting; the second module penetrates through the other sides of the two opposite side formworks, and the pipe fitting penetrates through the second module and can rotate outside the quadrilateral formwork frame; the inner module also comprises a control mechanism for controlling the inner module to enter the die and to exit the die.

2. The precast wall mold for enlarging the casting area according to claim 1, wherein the control mechanism comprises a sliding groove formed on the circumferential surface of the pipe fitting outside the quadrangular formwork frame along the axial direction of the pipe fitting, a pin extending in the radial direction of the pipe fitting is arranged in the sliding groove, and the part of the pin exposed out of the sliding groove is connected with the second module.

3. The precast wall mold for enlarging a casting area according to claim 2, wherein a connection plate is provided on the second module, and the pin vertically penetrates the connection plate to connect the second module with the pipe.

4. The precast wall mold for enlarging a casting area according to claim 1, wherein the first module is a trapezoidal module, a semicircular module or an irregular module capable of enlarging a casting area.

5. The prefabricated wall body mould for enlarging the pouring area according to claim 1, wherein the second module is positioned on the outer side part of the quadrangular formwork frame and is further provided with a limiting structure for limiting the inner module to enter the mould at the limiting position.

6. The prefabricated wall mold for enlarging a casting area according to claim 1, wherein the inner mold units are arranged in parallel in a plurality of groups in the quadrangular formwork frame.

7. The precast wall mold for enlarging a casting area according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the second block has a protrusion for constructing a key groove of the bottom cast-in-place area.

8. The precast wall mold of an enlarged casting area according to claim 1, wherein the second module is a closed reinforcement cage.

9. A prefabricated wall body manufactured by using the prefabricated wall body mold for enlarging a pouring area according to claim 1, which comprises a prefabricated wall body, wherein a concrete pouring channel is formed in the prefabricated wall body, one end of the concrete pouring channel is the enlarged pouring area, and the sectional area of the enlarged pouring area is larger than that of the end part of the concrete pouring channel; the other end of the concrete pouring channel is a bottom cast-in-place area.

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