CN211829124U - Battery system for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Battery system for electric vehicle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN211829124U
CN211829124U CN201921323593.XU CN201921323593U CN211829124U CN 211829124 U CN211829124 U CN 211829124U CN 201921323593 U CN201921323593 U CN 201921323593U CN 211829124 U CN211829124 U CN 211829124U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
heating
battery system
battery
storage
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201921323593.XU
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
马丁·措斯克
沃洛季米尔·伊利琴科
乌韦·斯特雷克
格哈德·尼古劳斯
哈拉尔德·巴赫曼
延斯·威斯克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Webasto SE
Original Assignee
Webasto SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Webasto SE filed Critical Webasto SE
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN211829124U publication Critical patent/CN211829124U/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery system (20), especially, be used for battery system of electric motor car (10), it includes: an electrical energy accumulator (14) having at least two storage elements (16); at least two electric heating units (20) for heating the storage elements (16), the heating units being associated with different storage elements (16); and a control unit (26) which selectively operates the first heating unit (20) of the at least two heating units (20) by supplying the first heating unit (20) with electrical energy from the storage unit (24).

Description

Battery system for electric vehicle
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a battery system, in particular for an electric vehicle, having a heating unit for heating an electrical energy store having at least two storage elements.
Background
An electric vehicle is currently understood to be an electrically driven vehicle, in particular a purely electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. Such vehicles are equipped with an electrical energy store in the form of a battery, for example a traction battery or a drive battery, which stores and supplies the electrical energy necessary for driving operation. The battery is also referred to as a secondary battery. Here, it is generally an electrochemical accumulator, in particular a lithium ion battery.
Such batteries are not usually constructed in one piece but are modularly constructed of a plurality of battery cells, which are electrically connected to each other. For the construction of battery systems in electric vehicles, it is accordingly known to interconnect individual battery cells and to compose a battery.
For the purposes of this document, an electrochemical storage cell, preferably a secondary cell, is understood to mean a battery cell. The term "unit" can be understood in relation to the physical appearance of the component as the smallest accessible structural unit. By contrast, a storage element is understood to be a structural unit which can comprise a plurality of battery cells, for example in the form of a battery pack or a battery module. A structural unit constructed from one or more interconnected storage elements is accordingly understood to be a battery or a battery system. The battery or the battery system is preferably provided for use in an electric vehicle, but can also be used in other vehicles or in other fields of application.
The power and the extractable capacitance of a battery, in particular a lithium ion battery, are temperature-dependent and can accordingly be operated optimally only in a specific temperature range of use, for example in a temperature range between 20 ℃ and 60 ℃. This can lead to reduced power capability and even damage to the battery cells if the battery cells have a temperature outside the optimal use temperature range.
Accordingly, known battery systems are equipped with a temperature control system which is designed to cool the battery cells above an optimal temperature range and warm the battery cells below the optimal temperature range.
In order to warm up the battery cells, it is also known to provide an electrical heating system with a tempering circuit running through the battery and along the battery cells, through which a heatable tempering medium flows. The temperature control medium is usually preheated outside the battery by means of an electric heating system and is conducted through a flow channel provided in the battery. However, warming up the battery by means of such a heating system can be accompanied by a time delay and does not take place uniformly. By providing a tempering circuit, such a heating system also has an effect on the overall weight of the battery system and can be a safety hazard for the battery system due to leaks.
In order to warm the battery, in particular to operate the electrical heating system, electrical energy is usually extracted from the battery itself. In this case, a particular problem is the reheating of the battery from the cooled state, since the power capacity of the battery unit is small here so that only a small amount of electrical energy can be drawn from the battery to warm it. Such a cooled state of the battery can occur, for example, when the electric vehicle is parked in the winter for a longer period of time, which is a common application of such electric vehicles and battery systems used therein accordingly.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Starting from the known prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved battery system, in particular for an electric vehicle, which allows an efficient and effective heating of the electrical energy accumulator from the cooled state.
The object is achieved by a battery system having the features according to the invention. Advantageous refinements emerge from the following.
Accordingly, a battery system, in particular for an electric vehicle, is proposed, comprising an electrical energy accumulator having at least two storage elements; at least two electrical heating units for heating the storage elements, the electrical heating units being associated with different storage elements; and selectively operating a first heating unit of the at least two heating units by delivering electrical energy from the storage unit to the first heating unit as follows.
In the proposed battery system, an electrical heating unit is provided for the targeted warming of the individual storage elements of the electrical energy accumulator. This is due to the selective operation of the heating unit being achieved by means of the control unit. In this way, specific partial regions of the electrical energy accumulator can be warmed up in a targeted manner. In other words, the electrical power provided by the storage unit for heating can thus be focused on a sub-region of the energy store, in order to be able to heat this sub-region quickly to an optimal operating temperature relative to the other sub-regions. Electrical energy can then be derived in a productive manner from the subregion which thus reaches the use temperature.
In contrast to the battery systems known from the prior art, in which the individual partial regions are not heated selectively, but the entire battery is heated substantially uniformly, it is therefore possible to derive electrical energy already effectively after a relatively short time from the cooled state of the energy store.
Once the optimum operating temperature has been reached for the first sub-region, in particular the first storage element, the control unit can then selectively operate a further heating unit, in particular a second heating unit, in order to initiate a rapid heating of a further sub-region, in particular the second storage element, of the electrical energy accumulator. For this purpose, electrical energy from the already heated first storage element and/or storage unit can be supplied to the second heating unit. In accordance with the approach proposed here, different, in particular a large number of different partial regions of the electrical energy accumulator can thus be heated in succession. In this case, it can be ensured that: the electrical energy from the respective sub-region is only derived when the sub-region has reached its optimum operating temperature. In this way, the selectively heated partial regions of the electrical energy store, in particular the storage elements, are then used to supply electrical energy for heating the other partial regions in succession. In this way, the sequential heating of the entire energy store can be carried out in a type of chain reaction, with the maximum output power being increased with high efficiency over time. Accordingly, a rapid and thus effective warming of the electrical energy accumulator can thus be provided.
As mentioned before, the solution proposed herein achieves: electrical energy is extracted from the individual storage elements only when the respective optimum operating temperature of the individual storage elements is reached. In addition to a productive power output, the risk of damage to the battery cells can be minimized and the operational safety of the battery system can be increased accordingly.
In this context, "selective operation" of the heating unit is understood to mean the targeted supply of electrical energy to at least one selected heating unit of the at least two heating units. This can be done in such a way that only one selected heating unit of the at least two heating units is operated. In this state, only the selected heating unit is supplied with electrical energy. Each of the at least two heating units can be selectively operated here. Alternatively, it is possible to select a plurality of heating units simultaneously and selectively operate a plurality of heating units accordingly.
The proposed battery system can be provided for use in an electric vehicle, but is not limited to this application. More precisely, the battery system is used in every arbitrary suitable application for heating an electrical energy accumulator, in particular a battery.
The electrical energy store of the battery system is in particular a battery or an accumulator. In the case of use in an electric vehicle, the electrical energy store can be provided in the form of a drive battery or a traction battery. The electrical energy store can be, for example, a lithium ion battery, which can be operated optimally, in particular with low losses, in a service temperature range between 20 ℃ and 60 ℃.
The storage unit can be provided as part of an electrical energy accumulator. The storage unit can be formed, for example, by a storage element of an electrical energy accumulator.
Alternatively, the storage unit can be provided separately from the electrical energy accumulator. More precisely, the storage unit can form a further electrical energy accumulator of the battery system, in particular a further battery or a further accumulator. The storage unit can be a component separate from the electrical energy store, in particular a separate energy store.
In one refinement, the storage unit can be provided in the form of a lead accumulator. Generally, lead storage batteries have a lower optimal temperature range of use than lithium ion batteries. In other words, lead storage batteries can operate more efficiently than lithium ion batteries at lower operating temperatures, for example at temperatures below 20 ℃, for example 0 ℃. By using a lead accumulator it is thus possible to ensure that: the first heating unit can already be used to provide electrical energy to heat the first storage element. If, for example, the previously described heating process of the electrical energy store in the form of a chain reaction is observed, in which the storage elements are heated in succession, it is already possible to provide electrical energy with success for heating the first part in a series of storage elements. Starting from a cooled state of the electrical energy accumulator, the overall efficiency of the heating process of the energy accumulator can thus be further increased.
In this context, a storage element is understood to be a structural unit of an electrical energy accumulator, which includes a plurality of battery cells. More precisely, the storage element can summarize a plurality of battery packs, which are formed from a plurality of combined battery cells.
The battery system comprises at least two heating units, which are each associated with a different storage element as described above. Accordingly, the heating units can each be in direct thermal contact with at least one storage element, in particular with its associated storage element.
More precisely, the heating unit can comprise a plurality of heating elements, which are in particular associated with the battery cells or battery packs, respectively, of the storage element. The heating units can each be provided as a separate component with respect to the storage element. Accordingly, the heating units can be fixed to the storage elements respectively associated therewith. Each of the heating units can, for example, comprise at least one heating element which is in direct thermal contact with at least one battery cell, in particular at least one battery pack, of the storage element. The heating element can be provided, for example, in the form of a heating conductor which is designed to convert electrical energy into heat.
Alternatively, the heating unit can be provided as an integrated component of the storage element. The heating unit can be formed, for example, by a storage element, in particular a battery cell itself. More precisely, each of the heating units can comprise at least one heating element, wherein the respective heating element can be formed by at least one battery cell or at least one battery pack. In this embodiment, the battery cell can be charged with an electric current in order to convert the electrical energy into heat in accordance with the function of the heating unit.
A first heating unit, which can be supplied with current by the storage unit, can be associated with the first storage unit. In other words, the first heating unit is supplied with electrical energy from the storage unit, so that the first storage element is warmed up in a targeted manner. This means that: the electrical energy supplied to the first heating unit during operation thereof causes a temperature increase of the first storage unit, which is significantly higher than a further, in particular induced temperature increase of storage elements of the electrical energy accumulator adjacent to the first storage unit.
The first storage element associated with the first heating unit can have a larger number of battery cells and/or a higher electrical storage capacity or capacitance and/or a larger mass than the storage unit.
In one refinement, a second heating unit of the at least two heating units of the electrical energy accumulator is associated with a second storage element of the at least two storage elements of the electrical energy accumulator. The control unit can also be designed for selectively operating the second heating unit in such a way that: the electrical energy from the first storage element is delivered to the second heating unit. In this way, a targeted warming of the second storage unit can be achieved. In this case, the second storage element can have a greater number of battery cells and/or a higher electrical storage capacity or capacitance and/or a greater mass than the first storage element.
Furthermore, the battery system can comprise a third heating unit, which can be associated with a third storage element of the electrical accumulator. Accordingly, the control unit can be designed for selectively operating the third heating unit in that: the electrical energy from the second storage element is supplied to the third heating unit in order to warm the third storage unit in a targeted manner. Accordingly, the third storage element can have a larger number of battery cells and/or a higher electrical storage capacity or capacitance and/or a larger mass than the second storage element.
In this way, the previously described heating method can be carried out by utilizing a kind of chain reaction in which the storage element is gradually warmed up. More precisely, said gradual heating is carried out as follows: the heating unit is supplied with current from a further storage element which was warmed in a preceding step in order to warm the storage element associated therewith. In this case, the heating unit can be supplied with electrical energy via exactly one storage element or storage unit, respectively. Alternatively or additionally, the heating unit can be supplied with electrical energy via a plurality of storage elements and/or storage units, respectively.
The manner in which the electrical energy store is heated is not limited to a specific number of storage elements and associated heating units. Rather, any number of heating units and associated storage elements can be provided, which are relevant in the technical field. Accordingly, the battery system is generally described next.
The battery system can include n number of storage elements and n number of electrical heating units in the accumulator. The parameter n is preferably a natural number greater than 2. In particular, the parameter n is a number between 2 and 10, such as 3, 4 or 5, or a number greater than 10, such as 20. Storage elements and heating units can be provided such that each nth heating unit is associated with an nth storage element. Accordingly, the control unit can be designed to selectively operate the second to nth heating units by: the electrical energy from the (n-1) th storage element is supplied to the nth heating unit.
Furthermore, an electrical energy accumulator can be provided, such that the nth storage element has a greater number of battery cells and/or a higher electrical storage capacity or capacitance and/or a greater mass than the (n-1) th storage element, respectively. This applies in particular to values of the parameter n greater than or equal to 2. This has the following effect: a particularly rapid warming of the entire battery is possible.
Alternatively or additionally, the control unit can be designed to operate the heating unit in a warming mode of the energy store, in which the energy store has a temperature below a predetermined threshold value, in particular a temperature below 20 ℃. Furthermore, the control unit can be designed to operate the heating units simultaneously and/or overlapping in time. Alternatively, the control unit can be designed to operate the heating units one after the other.
In one refinement, the control unit can be designed to operate the heating units such that the second to nth heating units are operated as a function of the temperature and/or voltage and/or capacitance and/or output power of the (n-1) th storage element, respectively. Alternatively or additionally, the second to nth heating units can be operated according to the operation duration of the (n-1) th heating unit, respectively.
More precisely, the control unit can be designed to operate the second to nth heating units, respectively, when the determined value representing the temperature and/or voltage and/or capacitance and/or output power of the (n-1) th storage element and/or the value representing the duration of operation of the (n-1) th heating unit reaches a preset threshold value. In order to determine the respective value representing the temperature and/or the voltage and/or the capacitance and/or the output power of the (n-1) th storage element and/or the respective value representing the operating duration of the (n-1) th heating unit, one or more respective sensors can be used in the battery system. Such sensors are known to the person skilled in the art and are accordingly not further described here.
A heating method for a battery system of the above-mentioned type is proposed hereinafter. The features described in connection with the battery system are therefore also applicable as disclosure for the heating method. The described heating method can be executed in particular by a control unit of the battery system, so that the features described below apply correspondingly to the disclosed battery system.
The heating method can include the steps of: the first heating unit is selectively operated by delivering energy from the storage unit to the first heating unit. Further, the heating method can include the steps of: the second heating unit is selectively operated by delivering energy from the first storage unit to the second heating unit. In this case, the operation of the second heating unit can be carried out as a function of the temperature and/or voltage and/or capacitance and/or output power of the first storage element associated with the first heating unit and/or as a function of the operating duration of the first heating unit. For example, a selective operation of the second heating unit can be carried out, for example, when a preset threshold value is reached which is indicative of the temperature and/or voltage and/or capacitance and/or output power of the first storage element and/or is indicative of the operating duration of the first heating unit.
Drawings
Preferred further embodiments of the invention are explained in detail by the following description of the figures. Here, it is schematically shown that:
FIG. 1 illustrates an electric vehicle having a battery system;
fig. 2 shows a system structure of the battery system shown in fig. 1; and
fig. 3 shows a flow chart for illustrating a heating process to be performed by means of the battery system shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this case, identical, similar or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols in the different figures, and the description of these elements is not repeated in part in order to avoid redundancy.
An electric vehicle 10 is schematically illustrated in fig. 1, which incorporates a battery system 12. The battery system 12 includes an electrical energy accumulator 14 in the form of a drive battery that stores and provides the electrical energy necessary for operating the electric vehicle 10. In particular, the electrical energy accumulator 14 is electrically conductively connected to an electric motor, not shown here, and to other consumers of the electric vehicle 10. In the embodiment shown here, the electrical energy store 14 is provided in the form of a lithium ion battery.
As shown in fig. 2, the electrical energy store 14 comprises a number n of storage elements 16 connected to one another, each of which is formed from a plurality of interconnected battery cells. More specifically, the battery cells constitute at least two battery packs 18, respectively, inside the storage element 16. The battery packs 18 each include the same number of battery cells having substantially the same electrical storage capacity or capacitance.
The battery system 12 also comprises a temperature control device for heating the electrical energy store 14 as required. In particular, the temperature control device is designed to warm the electrical energy store 14 out of the cooled state to a desired optimum operating temperature, for example to a temperature between 20 ℃ and 60 ℃.
For this purpose, the temperature control device of the battery system 12 comprises a number n of heating units 20 for heating the respective storage elements 16, wherein the heating units 20 are each associated with a different storage element 16 and are in direct thermal contact with said storage element. More precisely, each heating unit 20 comprises a corresponding number of heating elements 22 in the form of heating conductors, which are respectively fastened to the battery packs 18, corresponding to the number of battery packs 18 inside the storage element 16 associated therewith. Thus, the heating elements 22 are respectively associated with the battery packs 18. In other words, the respective heating unit 20, in particular the heating element 22, is provided as a separate component with respect to the storage element 16, in particular with respect to the battery pack 18. In an alternative embodiment, the heating unit 20, in particular the heating element 22, can be provided as an integrated component of the storage element 16, in particular as an integrated component of the battery pack 18. Furthermore, a heating unit 20, in particular a heating element 22, is formed by the storage element 16, in particular by the battery pack 18.
The temperature control device of the battery system 12 further comprises a storage unit 24, which is electrically conductively connected to the heating elements 22a of the first heating unit 16a of the n heating units 16, as is indicated in fig. 1 and 2 by means of dashed lines. The storage unit 24 is a further energy store which is separate from the electrical energy store 14. More precisely, a storage unit 24 in the form of a lead accumulator is provided. In an alternative embodiment, the storage unit 24 is provided as part of the electrical energy accumulator 14, in particular as a storage element of the electrical energy accumulator 14.
The first storage element 16a of the electrical energy accumulator 14 comprises a greater number of battery cells and accordingly a higher electrical storage capacity and a greater mass than the storage unit 24.
The battery system 12 also comprises a control unit 26, which is designed to selectively operate the heating units 20, in particular the heating elements 22, in order to deliberately warm the respective storage element 16. The control unit 26 is designed, for example, to selectively operate the first heating unit 20a by supplying the first heating unit 20a with electrical energy from the storage unit 24.
Hereinafter, the system structure of the battery system 12 is explained in further detail with reference to fig. 2, particularly with respect to the storage element 16 and the heating unit 20. As previously described, the battery system 12 includes a number n of storage elements 16 and a number n of electrical heating units 20. In the embodiment shown here, the parameter n is a natural number greater than or equal to 3. The storage element 16 and the heating units 20 are provided such that every nth heating unit is associated with an nth storage element.
The control unit 26 is correspondingly designed to selectively operate each of the second to nth heating units 20 by supplying each heating unit 20 with electrical energy from the (n-1) th storage element 16. For this purpose, the heating elements 22 of the nth heating unit 20 are each electrically conductively connected to the battery pack 18 of the (n-1) th storage element 16. The storage elements 16 are provided such that the nth storage element 16 has a greater number of battery cells and accordingly a higher electrical storage capacity and a greater mass than the (n-1) th storage element, respectively. This applies for values greater than 1 for the parameter n.
In the present case, the control unit 26 is designed to operate the heating unit 20 during a heating operation of the electrical energy accumulator 14, in which the electrical energy accumulator 14, in particular the storage element 16 thereof, has a predetermined threshold value T of less than 20 ℃sThe temperature of (2). More precisely, the control unit 26 is designed to operate the heating units 20 such that the second to nth heating units 20 are operated in dependence on the temperature of the (n-1) th storage element 16, respectively. Accordingly, the battery system 12 has at least one temperature sensor, not shown here, which is designed to measure the temperature of the first to (n-1) th storage elements 16. More precisely, the control unit 26 is designed to determine when a value, determined by means of a temperature sensor, which is indicative of the temperature of the storage element 16 electrically conductively connected thereto reaches a predetermined threshold value TsThe second to nth heating units 20 are operated, respectively.
In an alternative embodiment, the control unit 26 can be designed to control the second and nth heating units 20 such that the second to nth heating units 20 are operated as a function of the voltage and/or the capacitance and/or the output of the (n-1) th storage element 16 and/or as a function of the operating duration of the (n-1) th heating unit 20. More precisely, the second to nth heating units 20 can be operated in each case when the value determined by means of the sensor and representing the voltage and/or the capacitance and/or the output of the (n-1) th storage element 16 and/or the value representing the duration of operation of the (n-1) th heating unit 20 reaches a predetermined threshold value.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the control unit 26 is designed to operate the heating units 20 in such a way that they are operated successively. Alternatively, the control unit 26 can be designed to operate the heating units 20 simultaneously and/or overlapping in time.
The heating method to be performed by the control unit 26 for the battery system 12 is described below with reference to fig. 3. The heating process is started in a first step S1, followed by first setting the operating variable i equal to 1 in step S2.
Accordingly, in steps S3 and S4, the first storage element 16a is first warmed in a targeted manner by means of the first heating unit 20 a. As can be seen from fig. 3, as long as the temperature T of the first storage element 16a1Less than threshold TsThen the first heating unit is operated to warm the first storage element 16 a. More specifically, the operation of the first heating unit 20a is performed by supplying the electric power from the storage unit 24 to the first heating unit 20 a.
Once the first storage element 16a has reached the threshold TsThen the other storage elements 16b-n are successively warmed to the threshold temperature T in steps S5-S8sThe method comprises the following steps: the second to nth heating units 20b-n are operated continuously. In this case, the electrical energy of the (n-1) th storage element 16 is supplied to the second to nth heating units 20.
Where applicable, all individual features described in the embodiments can be combined with one another and/or replaced without departing from the scope of the invention.
List of reference numerals
10 electric vehicle
12-cell system
14 electric energy accumulator
16 storage element
18 battery pack
20 heating unit
22 heating element
24 storage unit
26 control unit
n number of storage elements and heating units
i operating variables
TiTemperature of ith storage element
TsThreshold value of temperature

Claims (23)

1. A battery system (12), comprising:
an electrical energy accumulator (14) having at least two storage elements (16);
at least two electric heating units (20) for heating the storage elements (16), the heating units being associated with different storage elements (16); and
a control unit (26) for selectively operating a first heating unit (20) of the at least two heating units (20) by supplying the first heating unit (20) with electrical energy from a storage unit (24).
2. The battery system according to claim 1, wherein the battery system is used for an electric vehicle (10).
3. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrical energy accumulator (14) is a drive battery of the electric vehicle (10) and/or is provided in the form of a lithium ion battery.
4. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the storage unit (24) forms a storage element of the electrical energy accumulator (14) or another electrical energy accumulator.
5. A battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the storage unit (24) is provided in the form of a lead accumulator.
6. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the storage elements (16) of the electrical energy accumulator (14) each comprise a plurality of battery cells, and/or
The storage element (16) associated with the first heating unit (20) has a greater number of battery cells and/or a higher electrical storage capacity and/or a greater mass than the storage unit (24).
7. The battery system of claim 6, wherein the plurality of battery cells is a plurality of battery packs (18).
8. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each of the heating units (20) is in direct thermal contact with one storage element (16) and/or comprises a plurality of heating elements (22), respectively.
9. The battery system of claim 8, wherein the heating element is in the form of a heating conductor.
10. The battery system according to claim 8, characterized in that the heating element is associated with a battery cell or battery pack (18) of the storage element (16).
11. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one heating unit is formed by the at least one storage unit.
12. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that there are a number n of storage elements (16) and a number n of electrical heating units (20), wherein each nth heating unit (20) is associated with an nth storage element (16), and the control unit (26) is designed to selectively operate each of the second to nth heating units (20) by feeding the nth heating unit (20) with electrical energy respectively out of the (n-1) th storage element (16).
13. The battery system according to claim 12, wherein the parameter n is a natural number greater than 2 or a number greater than 10.
14. The battery system of claim 13, wherein the parameter n is 20.
15. The battery system of claim 12, wherein the parameter n is a number between 2 and 10.
16. The battery system of claim 12, wherein the parameter n is 2 or 5.
17. The battery system according to claim 12, characterized in that the storage elements (16) are provided such that the nth storage element (16) has a larger number of battery cells and/or a higher electrical storage capacity and/or a larger mass than the (n-1) th storage element (16), respectively.
18. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control unit (26) is designed to operate the heating unit (20) in a warming operation of the electrical energy accumulator (14), in which warming operation the electrical energy accumulator (14) has a threshold value (T) below a preset value (T)s) The temperature of (2).
19. The battery system according to claim 18, characterized in that the electrical energy accumulator (14) has a temperature below 20 ℃.
20. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control unit (26) is designed to operate the heating unit (20) simultaneously and/or overlapping in time.
21. The battery system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control unit (26) is designed for operating the heating units (20) successively in succession.
22. The battery system according to claim 12, characterized in that the control unit (26) is designed to operate the heating units (20) such that the second to nth heating units (20) are operated in dependence on the temperature and/or voltage and/or capacitance and/or output power of the (n-1) th storage element (16) and/or in dependence on the operating duration of the (n-1) th heating unit (20), respectively.
23. Battery system according to claim 22, characterized in that the value representing the temperature and/or voltage and/or capacitance and/or output power of the (n-1) th storage element (16) and/or the value representing the duration of operation of the (n-1) th heating unit (20) reaches a preset threshold value (T) when the value found by means of the sensor(s) representss) The second to nth heating units (20) are operated, respectively.
CN201921323593.XU 2018-08-16 2019-08-15 Battery system for electric vehicle Active CN211829124U (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202018104703.5 2018-08-16
DE202018104703.5U DE202018104703U1 (en) 2018-08-16 2018-08-16 Battery system for an electric vehicle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN211829124U true CN211829124U (en) 2020-10-30

Family

ID=68806126

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201921323593.XU Active CN211829124U (en) 2018-08-16 2019-08-15 Battery system for electric vehicle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN211829124U (en)
DE (1) DE202018104703U1 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE202018104703U1 (en) 2019-11-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6634453B2 (en) Power consumption control device
US5948298A (en) Battery heating system
US8497031B2 (en) Combined heating and pre-charging function and hardware for propulsion batteries
EP2485908B1 (en) Apparatus and method for controlling the temperature of a battery in a hybrid electric vehicle
US20160020496A1 (en) Battery thermal management system including thermal interface material with integrated heater element
CN104659442A (en) Battery temperature raising system and control method thereof
JP2002125326A (en) Battery charge control method
CN203631703U (en) Control circuit of electric car battery heating system
CN102064365A (en) Battery temperature control method and assembly
CN103430423A (en) Battery charging control device
EP3232049B1 (en) Automobile starting control system and automobile
EP3424123B1 (en) A method and system for controlling a current being fed to a battery pack
KR20130053387A (en) System for storing electric energy
US20240222992A1 (en) Method and device for controlling the level of charge of a traction battery of an electric vehicle
JP6280421B2 (en) Battery heating system
CN112440825A (en) Method for charging a vehicle battery of a motor vehicle
CN110021794A (en) Electric vehicle and its battery pack system, the method to charge to battery pack system
US20210320347A1 (en) Electrical Energy Storage Unit for a Motor Vehicle, and Method for Operating Such an Electrical Energy Storage Unit
CN211829124U (en) Battery system for electric vehicle
CN107799849B (en) Battery package heating system and electric motor car
CN102456932A (en) Battery charging method and device
CN110816311B (en) Method for operating a battery system and electric vehicle
EP3354499B1 (en) Device for heating a traction battery and method for operating a traction battery
CN107492696B (en) Control method and system of high-voltage battery and electric automobile
CN117795809A (en) Battery heating method and battery

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant